See προ- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "προ-"
},
"expansion": "Greek: προ- (pro-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: προ- (pro-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρό>before",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See πρό (pró).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 21 7 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 17 5 23 18 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: πρόδομος (pródomos), προάστειον (proásteion), πρόθυρον (próthuron), προπύλαια (propúlaia)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόεδρος (próedros), προεδρία (proedría), προάγων (proágōn), πρόλογος (prólogos), προοίμιον (prooímion), προπάτωρ (propátōr)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόμαντις (prómantis), πρόξενος (próxenos)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόχειρος (prókheiros), πρόθυμος (próthumos), πρόφρων (próphrōn)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: προθέλυμνος (prothélumnos), πρόρριζος (prórrhizos)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόμοιρος (prómoiros), πρόωρος (próōros)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόπας (própas), πρόπαρ (própar), προπάροιθε (propároithe), πρόκακος (prókakos), πρόπαλαι (própalai)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: προβαίνω (probaínō), προβάλλω (probállō), προτίθημι (protíthēmi), προκινδυνεύω (prokinduneúō), προμάχομαι (promákhomai)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, forwards"
],
"id": "en-προ--grc-prefix-eIIYdKqh",
"qualifier": "denotes intensity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes position before or in front)",
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes priority of rank, order)",
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes standing in another's place)",
"(with substantives)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes proximity, readiness)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes a coming forth)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes prematureness)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes intensity)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(with verbs)",
"(of place) before, forwards"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with substantives",
"with substantives",
"with adjectives",
"with adjectives",
"of place",
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προέλκω (proélkō), προφέρω (prophérō), προγράφω (prográphō), προειπεῖν (proeipeîn), προκεῖμαι (prokeîmai)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forth, publicly"
],
"id": "en-προ--grc-prefix-YzspvTn6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"forth, publicly"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προδίδωμι (prodídōmi), προΐημι (proḯēmi)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before one, away"
],
"id": "en-προ--grc-prefix-BxqdboN-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before one, away"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 17 5 23 18 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προαιροῦμαι (proairoûmai), προτῑμάω (protīmáō)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, in preference"
],
"id": "en-προ--grc-prefix-73x529sZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before, in preference"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προαισθάνομαι (proaisthánomai), προγίγνομαι (progígnomai), προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō), προνοέω (pronoéō), προοράω (prooráō)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, beforehand, of foresight"
],
"id": "en-προ--grc-prefix-d22UbL6m",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before, beforehand, of foresight"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "προ-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πρό-",
"roman": "pró-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "el-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 17 5 23 18 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 4 16 6 26 15 0 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 3 12 4 45 11 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 50 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + ειδοποιώ (eidopoió, “to inform”) → προειδοποιώ (proeidopoió, “to forewarn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + γιαγιά (giagiá, “grandmother”) → προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + τελευταίος (teleftaíos, “last, ultimate”) → προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pre-, pro- (before, in front of)"
],
"id": "en-προ--el-prefix-v9QarcEQ",
"links": [
[
"pre-",
"pre-"
],
[
"pro-",
"pro-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 17 5 23 18 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 50 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + φυλάσσω (fylásso, “keep safe”) → προφυλάσσω (profylásso, “protect”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protect"
],
"id": "en-προ--el-prefix-aA3OYz2x",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something done publicly"
],
"id": "en-προ--el-prefix-lHsxEPPX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”) → προπρογιαγιά (proprogiagiá, “great great-grandmother”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”) → προπροτελευταίος (proproteleftaíos, “second before last, antepenultimate”)\nand learnedly, with αντι- (anti-): αντιπροτελευταίος (antiproteleftaíos)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before the one before"
],
"id": "en-προ--el-prefix-UTXsroL3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(only colloquially, in repetition) before the one before"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in repetition"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɾo/"
}
],
"word": "προ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek prefixes",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "προ-"
},
"expansion": "Greek: προ- (pro-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: προ- (pro-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρό>before",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See πρό (pró).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: πρόδομος (pródomos), προάστειον (proásteion), πρόθυρον (próthuron), προπύλαια (propúlaia)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόεδρος (próedros), προεδρία (proedría), προάγων (proágōn), πρόλογος (prólogos), προοίμιον (prooímion), προπάτωρ (propátōr)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόμαντις (prómantis), πρόξενος (próxenos)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόχειρος (prókheiros), πρόθυμος (próthumos), πρόφρων (próphrōn)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: προθέλυμνος (prothélumnos), πρόρριζος (prórrhizos)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόμοιρος (prómoiros), πρόωρος (próōros)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: πρόπας (própas), πρόπαρ (própar), προπάροιθε (propároithe), πρόκακος (prókakos), πρόπαλαι (própalai)"
},
{
"text": "Examples: προβαίνω (probaínō), προβάλλω (probállō), προτίθημι (protíthēmi), προκινδυνεύω (prokinduneúō), προμάχομαι (promákhomai)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, forwards"
],
"qualifier": "denotes intensity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes position before or in front)",
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes priority of rank, order)",
"(with substantives)",
"(denotes standing in another's place)",
"(with substantives)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes proximity, readiness)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes a coming forth)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes prematureness)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(denotes intensity)",
"(with adjectives)",
"(with verbs)",
"(of place) before, forwards"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with substantives",
"with substantives",
"with adjectives",
"with adjectives",
"of place",
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προέλκω (proélkō), προφέρω (prophérō), προγράφω (prográphō), προειπεῖν (proeipeîn), προκεῖμαι (prokeîmai)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forth, publicly"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"forth, publicly"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προδίδωμι (prodídōmi), προΐημι (proḯēmi)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before one, away"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before one, away"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προαιροῦμαι (proairoûmai), προτῑμάω (protīmáō)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, in preference"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before, in preference"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples: προαισθάνομαι (proaisthánomai), προγίγνομαι (progígnomai), προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō), προνοέω (pronoéō), προοράω (prooráō)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, beforehand, of foresight"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with verbs)",
"before, beforehand, of foresight"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "προ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πρό-",
"roman": "pró-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "προ- • (pro-)",
"name": "el-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + ειδοποιώ (eidopoió, “to inform”) → προειδοποιώ (proeidopoió, “to forewarn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + γιαγιά (giagiá, “grandmother”) → προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + τελευταίος (teleftaíos, “last, ultimate”) → προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pre-, pro- (before, in front of)"
],
"links": [
[
"pre-",
"pre-"
],
[
"pro-",
"pro-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + φυλάσσω (fylásso, “keep safe”) → προφυλάσσω (profylásso, “protect”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protect"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something done publicly"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”) → προπρογιαγιά (proprogiagiá, “great great-grandmother”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "προ- (pro-) + προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”) → προπροτελευταίος (proproteleftaíos, “second before last, antepenultimate”)\nand learnedly, with αντι- (anti-): αντιπροτελευταίος (antiproteleftaíos)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before the one before"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only colloquially, in repetition) before the one before"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in repetition"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɾo/"
}
],
"word": "προ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for προ- meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.