"λωΐων" meaning in All languages combined

See λωΐων on Wiktionary

Adjective [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /lɔː.í.ɔːn/, /loˈi.on/, /loˈi.on/, /lɔː.í.ɔːn/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /loˈi.on/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /loˈi.on/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /loˈi.on/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /loˈi.on/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Inherited from a comparative formation from the root Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-. Cognate with Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”). Etymology templates: {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*leh₂w-}} Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-, {{cog|xcl|լաւ||good}} Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”) Inflection templates: {{grc-adecl|λώϊον|NNS=λώϊον|adv=λώϊον|comp=λωΐτερος|super=λῷστος}} Forms: lōḯōn [romanization], λώϊον [neuter], Attic declension-3 [table-tags], λωΐων [feminine, masculine, nominative, singular], λώϊον [neuter, nominative, singular], λωΐονε [dual, feminine, masculine, nominative], λωΐονε [dual, neuter, nominative], λωΐονες [feminine, masculine, nominative, plural], λωΐονᾰ [neuter, nominative, plural], λωΐονος [feminine, genitive, masculine, singular], λωΐονος [genitive, neuter, singular], λωϊόνοιν [dual, feminine, genitive, masculine], λωϊόνοιν [dual, genitive, neuter], λωϊόνων [feminine, genitive, masculine, plural], λωϊόνων [genitive, neuter, plural], λωΐονῐ [dative, feminine, masculine, singular], λωΐονῐ [dative, neuter, singular], λωϊόνοιν [dative, dual, feminine, masculine], λωϊόνοιν [dative, dual, neuter], λωΐοσῐ [dative, feminine, masculine, plural], λωΐοσῐν [dative, feminine, masculine, plural], lōḯosi [dative, feminine, masculine, plural], lōḯosin [dative, feminine, masculine, plural], λωΐοσῐ [dative, neuter, plural], λωΐοσῐν [dative, neuter, plural], lōḯosi [dative, neuter, plural], lōḯosin [dative, neuter, plural], λωΐονᾰ [accusative, feminine, masculine, singular], λώϊον [accusative, neuter, singular], λωΐονε [accusative, dual, feminine, masculine], λωΐονε [accusative, dual, neuter], λωΐονᾰς [accusative, feminine, masculine, plural], λωΐονᾰ [accusative, neuter, plural], λώϊον [feminine, masculine, singular, vocative], λώϊον [neuter, singular, vocative], λωΐονε [dual, feminine, masculine, vocative], λωΐονε [dual, neuter, vocative], λωΐονες [feminine, masculine, plural, vocative], λωΐονᾰ [neuter, plural, vocative], λώϊον [adverbial, feminine, masculine, neuter], λωΐτερος [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], λῷστος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative]
  1. more desirable, more agreeable, better Synonyms: λῴων (lṓiōn) [Attic]

Download JSON data for λωΐων meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "լաւ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from a comparative formation from the root Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-. Cognate with Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lōḯōn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐων",
      "roman": "lōḯōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονες",
      "roman": "lōḯones",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονος",
      "roman": "lōḯonos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονος",
      "roman": "lōḯonos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνων",
      "roman": "lōïónōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνων",
      "roman": "lōïónōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονῐ",
      "roman": "lōḯoni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονῐ",
      "roman": "lōḯoni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰς",
      "roman": "lōḯonas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονες",
      "roman": "lōḯones",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐτερος",
      "roman": "lōḯteros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῷστος",
      "roman": "lôistos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λώϊον",
        "NNS": "λώϊον",
        "adv": "λώϊον",
        "comp": "λωΐτερος",
        "super": "λῷστος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "more desirable, more agreeable, better"
      ],
      "id": "en-λωΐων-grc-adj-yc6ZWsFS",
      "links": [
        [
          "better",
          "better"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "lṓiōn",
          "tags": [
            "Attic"
          ],
          "word": "λῴων"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔː.í.ɔːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔː.í.ɔːn/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λωΐων"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "լաւ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from a comparative formation from the root Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-. Cognate with Old Armenian լաւ (law, “good”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lōḯōn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐων",
      "roman": "lōḯōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονες",
      "roman": "lōḯones",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονος",
      "roman": "lōḯonos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονος",
      "roman": "lōḯonos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνων",
      "roman": "lōïónōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνων",
      "roman": "lōïónōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονῐ",
      "roman": "lōḯoni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονῐ",
      "roman": "lōḯoni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωϊόνοιν",
      "roman": "lōïónoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐοσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lōḯosin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰς",
      "roman": "lōḯonas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονε",
      "roman": "lōḯone",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονες",
      "roman": "lōḯones",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐονᾰ",
      "roman": "lōḯona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λώϊον",
      "roman": "lṓïon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λωΐτερος",
      "roman": "lōḯteros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῷστος",
      "roman": "lôistos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λώϊον",
        "NNS": "λώϊον",
        "adv": "λώϊον",
        "comp": "λωΐτερος",
        "super": "λῷστος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek adjectives",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "more desirable, more agreeable, better"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "better",
          "better"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔː.í.ɔːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔː.í.ɔːn/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loˈi.on/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "lṓiōn",
      "tags": [
        "Attic"
      ],
      "word": "λῴων"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λωΐων"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: λωΐων/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'declension-3', 'Attic'}",
  "path": [
    "λωΐων"
  ],
  "section": "Ancient Greek",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "λωΐων",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.