"κριθή" meaning in All languages combined

See κριθή on Wiktionary

Noun [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/, /kriˈθi/, /kriˈθi/, /kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kriˈtʰe̝/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /kriˈθi/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /kriˈθi/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /kriˈθi/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Uncertain. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, with cognates including Latin hordeum, Old High German gersta, but there are phonetic difficulties with this. Rather closer are Albanian drithë, Old Armenian գարի (gari), as if from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-. Or perhaps of Proto-Albanian/Illyrian origin, which may explain the vowel. Egyptian origin has also been considered. Beekes, not convinced by any proposal, suggests an old Wanderwort; others have suggested a substrate. He notes that the Epic form points to an original root noun *krītʰ-. Etymology templates: {{unc|grc}} Uncertain, {{der|grc|ine-pro||*gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, {{cog|la|hordeum}} Latin hordeum, {{cog|goh|gersta}} Old High German gersta, {{cog|sq|drithë}} Albanian drithë, {{cog|xcl|գարի}} Old Armenian գարի (gari), {{m+|ine-pro||*gʰr̥yo-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-, {{der|grc|sqj-pro|-}} Proto-Albanian, {{der|grc|xil|-}} Illyrian, {{der|grc|egy|-}} Egyptian, {{glossary|Wanderwort}} Wanderwort, {{der|grc|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{m|grk-pro||*krītʰ-}} *krītʰ- Head templates: {{grc-noun|κρῑθῆς|f|first|head=κρῑθή}} κρῑθή • (krīthḗ) f (genitive κρῑθῆς); first declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|κρῑθή|κρῑθῆς}} Forms: κρῑθή [canonical], krīthḗ [romanization], κρῑθῆς [genitive], Attic declension-1 [table-tags], ἡ κρῑθή [nominative, singular], τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ [dual, nominative], αἱ κρῑθαί [nominative, plural], τῆς κρῑθῆς [genitive, singular], τοῖν κρῑθαῖν [dual, genitive], τῶν κρῑθῶν [genitive, plural], τῇ κρῑθῇ [dative, singular], τοῖν κρῑθαῖν [dative, dual], ταῖς κρῑθαῖς [dative, plural], τὴν κρῑθήν [accusative, singular], τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ [accusative, dual], τᾱ̀ς κρῑθᾱ́ς [accusative, plural], κρῑθή [singular, vocative], κρῑθᾱ́ [dual, vocative], κρῑθαί [plural, vocative]
  1. (in the plural) barley Tags: in-plural Synonyms: ἀκοστή
    Sense id: en-κριθή-grc-noun-16nq0LFc
  2. pustule on the eyelid, stye
    Sense id: en-κριθή-grc-noun-NQHMzizM Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 9 53 31 7 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 9 57 26 8
  3. barleycorn (unit of weight) Categories (lifeform): Grains
    Sense id: en-κριθή-grc-noun-0MEYEPm1 Disambiguation of Grains: 26 25 46 3 Categories (other): Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension: 16 27 44 14
  4. penis
    Sense id: en-κριθή-grc-noun-9pUtbu9V
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: κρῖ (krî) [Epic] Derived forms: ἄκριθος (ákrithos), κρίθινος (kríthinos)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for κριθή meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ákrithos",
      "word": "ἄκριθος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kríthinos",
      "word": "κρίθινος"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crith",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: crith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: crith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hordeum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin hordeum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gersta"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gersta",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "drithë"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian drithë",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գարի"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գարի (gari)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰr̥yo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sqj-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Albanian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "xil",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Illyrian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "egy",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Egyptian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Wanderwort"
      },
      "expansion": "Wanderwort",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*krītʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*krītʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, with cognates including Latin hordeum, Old High German gersta, but there are phonetic difficulties with this. Rather closer are Albanian drithë, Old Armenian գարի (gari), as if from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-. Or perhaps of Proto-Albanian/Illyrian origin, which may explain the vowel. Egyptian origin has also been considered. Beekes, not convinced by any proposal, suggests an old Wanderwort; others have suggested a substrate. He notes that the Epic form points to an original root noun *krītʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κρῑθή",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krīthḗ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθῆς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ κρῑθή",
      "roman": "hē krīthḗ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "tṑ krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ κρῑθαί",
      "roman": "hai krīthaí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς κρῑθῆς",
      "roman": "tês krīthês",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κρῑθαῖν",
      "roman": "toîn krīthaîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κρῑθῶν",
      "roman": "tôn krīthôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ κρῑθῇ",
      "roman": "têi krīthêi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κρῑθαῖν",
      "roman": "toîn krīthaîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς κρῑθαῖς",
      "roman": "taîs krīthaîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν κρῑθήν",
      "roman": "tḕn krīthḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "tṑ krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς κρῑθᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "tā̀s krīthā́s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθή",
      "roman": "krīthḗ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθαί",
      "roman": "krīthaí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κρῑθῆς",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "κρῑθή"
      },
      "expansion": "κρῑθή • (krīthḗ) f (genitive κρῑθῆς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κρῑθή",
        "2": "κρῑθῆς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "barley"
      ],
      "id": "en-κριθή-grc-noun-16nq0LFc",
      "links": [
        [
          "barley",
          "barley"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) barley"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἀκοστή"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 53 31 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 57 26 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pustule on the eyelid, stye"
      ],
      "id": "en-κριθή-grc-noun-NQHMzizM",
      "links": [
        [
          "pustule",
          "pustule"
        ],
        [
          "stye",
          "stye"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 27 44 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 25 46 3",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Grains",
          "orig": "grc:Grains",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Grasses",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Commelinids",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Plants",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "barleycorn (unit of weight)"
      ],
      "id": "en-κριθή-grc-noun-0MEYEPm1",
      "links": [
        [
          "barleycorn",
          "barleycorn"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "penis"
      ],
      "id": "en-κριθή-grc-noun-9pUtbu9V",
      "links": [
        [
          "penis",
          "penis"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈtʰe̝/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "krî",
      "tags": [
        "Epic"
      ],
      "word": "κρῖ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κριθή"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Egyptian",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Illyrian",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Albanian",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "grc:Grains"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "ákrithos",
      "word": "ἄκριθος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kríthinos",
      "word": "κρίθινος"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crith",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: crith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: crith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hordeum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin hordeum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gersta"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gersta",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "drithë"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian drithë",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գարի"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գարի (gari)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰr̥yo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sqj-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Albanian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "xil",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Illyrian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "egy",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Egyptian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Wanderwort"
      },
      "expansion": "Wanderwort",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*krītʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*krītʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, with cognates including Latin hordeum, Old High German gersta, but there are phonetic difficulties with this. Rather closer are Albanian drithë, Old Armenian գարի (gari), as if from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-. Or perhaps of Proto-Albanian/Illyrian origin, which may explain the vowel. Egyptian origin has also been considered. Beekes, not convinced by any proposal, suggests an old Wanderwort; others have suggested a substrate. He notes that the Epic form points to an original root noun *krītʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κρῑθή",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krīthḗ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθῆς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ κρῑθή",
      "roman": "hē krīthḗ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "tṑ krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ κρῑθαί",
      "roman": "hai krīthaí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς κρῑθῆς",
      "roman": "tês krīthês",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κρῑθαῖν",
      "roman": "toîn krīthaîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κρῑθῶν",
      "roman": "tôn krīthôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ κρῑθῇ",
      "roman": "têi krīthêi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κρῑθαῖν",
      "roman": "toîn krīthaîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς κρῑθαῖς",
      "roman": "taîs krīthaîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν κρῑθήν",
      "roman": "tḕn krīthḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "tṑ krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς κρῑθᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "tā̀s krīthā́s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθή",
      "roman": "krīthḗ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθᾱ́",
      "roman": "krīthā́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κρῑθαί",
      "roman": "krīthaí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κρῑθῆς",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "κρῑθή"
      },
      "expansion": "κρῑθή • (krīthḗ) f (genitive κρῑθῆς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κρῑθή",
        "2": "κρῑθῆς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "barley"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "barley",
          "barley"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) barley"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἀκοστή"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pustule on the eyelid, stye"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pustule",
          "pustule"
        ],
        [
          "stye",
          "stye"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "barleycorn (unit of weight)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "barleycorn",
          "barleycorn"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "penis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "penis",
          "penis"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriː.tʰɛ̌ː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈtʰe̝/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kriˈθi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "krî",
      "tags": [
        "Epic"
      ],
      "word": "κρῖ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κριθή"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.