See βυθός on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ábussos",
"word": "ἄβυσσος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βυθός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βυθός (vythós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βυθός (vythós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewb-",
"t": "hazy, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“hazy, deep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дъно"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dēop"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deep"
},
"expansion": "English deep",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "det"
},
"expansion": "Albanian det",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deubeta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *deubeta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गाध",
"3": "",
"4": "bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गाध (gādha, “bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally considered a metathesis from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“hazy, deep”), with cognates including Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno), Old English dēop (English deep) and Albanian det (from Proto-Albanian *deubeta). Unrelated to βᾰθῠ́ς (băthŭ́s, “deep, thick, profound”) and βένθος (bénthos, “sea depth”), despite similar semantics and superficially similar phonetics.\nAlternately, cognate to Sanskrit गाध (gādha, “bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water”).\nAlso compare the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- with meaning related to swelling, as in a deepening.\nHowever, Beekes rejects Indo-European origin, based on phonetic difficulties with theories like the above, as well as θ/σσ variation displayed by the word's variant βυσσός (bussós) which is bolstered by the latter's substrate-like formation βυσσαλ- (bussal-), and assigns it to Pre-Greek instead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βῠθός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bŭthós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ βῠθός",
"roman": "ho bŭthós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βῠθώ",
"roman": "tṑ bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ βῠθοί",
"roman": "hoi bŭthoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ βῠθοῦ",
"roman": "toû bŭthoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βῠθοῖν",
"roman": "toîn bŭthoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν βῠθῶν",
"roman": "tôn bŭthôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ βῠθῷ",
"roman": "tôi bŭthôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βῠθοῖν",
"roman": "toîn bŭthoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς βῠθοῖς",
"roman": "toîs bŭthoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν βῠθόν",
"roman": "tòn bŭthón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βῠθώ",
"roman": "tṑ bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς βῠθούς",
"roman": "toùs bŭthoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθέ",
"roman": "bŭthé",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθώ",
"roman": "bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθοί",
"roman": "bŭthoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βῠθοῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "βῠθός"
},
"expansion": "βῠθός • (bŭthós) m (genitive βῠθοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βῠθός",
"2": "βῠθοῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"depth"
],
"id": "en-βυθός-grc-noun-3tMhKbBb",
"links": [
[
"depth",
"depth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depth of the sea, deep water"
],
"id": "en-βυθός-grc-noun-0OQvNG1T",
"links": [
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/by.tʰós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/βyˈθos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/by.tʰós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/byˈtʰos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/βyˈθos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/vyˈθos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bussós",
"word": "βυσσός"
}
],
"word": "βυθός"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βυθός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βυθός (buthós)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ancient Greek βυθός (buthós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vythós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθός",
"roman": "vythós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"roman": "vythoí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθού",
"roman": "vythoú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθών",
"roman": "vythón",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθό",
"roman": "vythó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθούς",
"roman": "vythoús",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθέ",
"roman": "vythé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"roman": "vythoí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βυθοί",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "βυθός • (vythós) m (plural βυθοί)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βυθοί"
},
"expansion": "βυθός • (vythós) m (plural βυθοί)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βυθός",
"2": "βυθοί",
"3": "βυθού",
"4": "βυθών",
"5": "βυθό",
"6": "βυθούς",
"7": "βυθέ",
"8": "βυθοί",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seabed, riverbed, bottom, ground"
],
"id": "en-βυθός-el-noun-kgvthvld",
"links": [
[
"seabed",
"seabed"
],
[
"riverbed",
"riverbed"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/"
}
],
"word": "βυθός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewb-",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ábussos",
"word": "ἄβυσσος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βυθός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βυθός (vythós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βυθός (vythós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewb-",
"t": "hazy, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“hazy, deep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дъно"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dēop"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deep"
},
"expansion": "English deep",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "det"
},
"expansion": "Albanian det",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deubeta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *deubeta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गाध",
"3": "",
"4": "bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गाध (gādha, “bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally considered a metathesis from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“hazy, deep”), with cognates including Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno), Old English dēop (English deep) and Albanian det (from Proto-Albanian *deubeta). Unrelated to βᾰθῠ́ς (băthŭ́s, “deep, thick, profound”) and βένθος (bénthos, “sea depth”), despite similar semantics and superficially similar phonetics.\nAlternately, cognate to Sanskrit गाध (gādha, “bottom, ford, shallows, standing-ground in water”).\nAlso compare the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- with meaning related to swelling, as in a deepening.\nHowever, Beekes rejects Indo-European origin, based on phonetic difficulties with theories like the above, as well as θ/σσ variation displayed by the word's variant βυσσός (bussós) which is bolstered by the latter's substrate-like formation βυσσαλ- (bussal-), and assigns it to Pre-Greek instead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βῠθός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bŭthós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ βῠθός",
"roman": "ho bŭthós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βῠθώ",
"roman": "tṑ bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ βῠθοί",
"roman": "hoi bŭthoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ βῠθοῦ",
"roman": "toû bŭthoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βῠθοῖν",
"roman": "toîn bŭthoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν βῠθῶν",
"roman": "tôn bŭthôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ βῠθῷ",
"roman": "tôi bŭthôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βῠθοῖν",
"roman": "toîn bŭthoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς βῠθοῖς",
"roman": "toîs bŭthoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν βῠθόν",
"roman": "tòn bŭthón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βῠθώ",
"roman": "tṑ bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς βῠθούς",
"roman": "toùs bŭthoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθέ",
"roman": "bŭthé",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθώ",
"roman": "bŭthṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βῠθοί",
"roman": "bŭthoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βῠθοῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "βῠθός"
},
"expansion": "βῠθός • (bŭthós) m (genitive βῠθοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βῠθός",
"2": "βῠθοῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"depth"
],
"links": [
[
"depth",
"depth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"depth of the sea, deep water"
],
"links": [
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/by.tʰós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/βyˈθos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/by.tʰós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/byˈtʰos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/βyˈθos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/vyˈθos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bussós",
"word": "βυσσός"
}
],
"word": "βυθός"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βυθός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βυθός (buthós)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ancient Greek βυθός (buthós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vythós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθός",
"roman": "vythós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"roman": "vythoí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθού",
"roman": "vythoú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθών",
"roman": "vythón",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθό",
"roman": "vythó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθούς",
"roman": "vythoús",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθέ",
"roman": "vythé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βυθοί",
"roman": "vythoí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βυθοί",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "βυθός • (vythós) m (plural βυθοί)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βυθοί"
},
"expansion": "βυθός • (vythós) m (plural βυθοί)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βυθός",
"2": "βυθοί",
"3": "βυθού",
"4": "βυθών",
"5": "βυθό",
"6": "βυθούς",
"7": "βυθέ",
"8": "βυθοί",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"seabed, riverbed, bottom, ground"
],
"links": [
[
"seabed",
"seabed"
],
[
"riverbed",
"riverbed"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/viˈθos/"
}
],
"word": "βυθός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for βυθός meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.