"ɛ̀-lɪ̃" meaning in All languages combined

See ɛ̀-lɪ̃ on Wiktionary

Numeral [Proto-Yoruboid]

IPA: /ɛ̀.lɪ̃̄/
Etymology: Like the root for three, see *ɛ̀-ta, this is one of the most stable forms across Atlantic-Congo. In Volta-Niger, see Fon ɛnɛ̀, Ewe ene. Also see Edo enẹn, Urhobo enẹ, and perhaps Igbo anọ. See Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi and or Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə, and Proto-Ebiroid *ɛ-na, Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná, and Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀, and Ukaan náíí, perhaps this can be reconstructed to Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni or Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀. In languages in the Volta-Congo branch, see Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ, Proto-Plateau *-nas, Proto-Plateau *-naŋ. In Gur, see Dagbani anahi, Proto-Oti-Volta *na:. Also see Akan ɛnan, and among Bantu languages, Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Proposed to be from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani or Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni (proposed by Westerman and Blench), ultimately from Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i as proposed by Pozdniakov, or Proto-Niger-Congo *-na as proposed by Güldemann. The root is also hypothesized to be the common root from which the form elephant also comes in many languages including Proto-Yoruboid, suggesting it being a doublet of Doublet of *é-lĩ. See Pozdniakov and Appendix:Proto-Niger-Congo numerals for more extensive data. In most Niger-Congo languages, the term for eight is derived from the root for four, (usually a reduplication of the "four" root), however, like the rest of numbers from 1-10, Proto-Yoruboid has unique roots for each term (a unique innovation not seen in most families in Niger-Congo) Etymology templates: {{cog|fon|ɛnɛ̀}} Fon ɛnɛ̀, {{cog|ee|ene}} Ewe ene, {{cog|bin|enẹn}} Edo enẹn, {{cog|urh|enẹ}} Urhobo enẹ, {{cog|ig|anọ}} Igbo anọ, {{cog|alv-nup-pro|*ɛ̀-ɲi}} Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi, {{cog|alv-nup-pro|*gi-niə}} Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə, {{cog|oks|ɛná}} Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná, {{cog|alv-ido-pro|*ɛ̀-nɛ̀}} Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀, {{cog|kcf|náíí}} Ukaan náíí, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|alv-von-pro|*-ni}} Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|alv-von-pro|*-nɛ̀}} Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀, {{cog|nic-lcr-pro|*ì-nìàŋ}} Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ, {{cog|nic-plt-pro|*-nas}} Proto-Plateau *-nas, {{cog|nic-plt-pro|*-naŋ}} Proto-Plateau *-naŋ, {{cog|dag|anahi}} Dagbani anahi, {{cog|nic-ovo-pro|*na:}} Proto-Oti-Volta *na:, {{cog|ak|ɛnan}} Akan ɛnan, {{cog|bnt-pro|*-nàì}} Proto-Bantu *-nàì, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|alv-pro|*-nani}} Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|alv-pro|*-ni}} Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|nic-pro|*na(h)i}} Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i, {{inh|alv-yrd-pro|nic-pro|*-na}} Proto-Niger-Congo *-na, {{doublet|alv-yrd-pro|*é-lĩ}} Doublet of *é-lĩ Head templates: {{head|alv-yrd-pro|numeral|head=*ɛ̀-lɪ̃}} *ɛ̀-lɪ̃
  1. four Tags: reconstruction Related terms (Next number): ɛ̀-lʊ̃́, à-rʊ̃ã́ Related terms (Previous number): ɛ̀-ta
    Sense id: en-ɛ̀-lɪ̃-alv-yrd-pro-num-BO-vCA9a Categories (other): Proto-Yoruboid entries with incorrect language header, Ukaan terms in nonstandard scripts

Download JSONL data for ɛ̀-lɪ̃ meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "igl",
            "2": "ẹ̀lẹ"
          },
          "expansion": "Igala: ẹ̀lẹ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Igala: ẹ̀lẹ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nqg",
            "2": "ɛrɪ̃"
          },
          "expansion": "Ede Nago: ɛrɪ̃",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ede Nago: ɛrɪ̃"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "its",
            "2": "ẹrẹn"
          },
          "expansion": "Itsekiri: ẹrẹn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Itsekiri: ẹrẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ulb",
            "2": "ẹ̀rẹn"
          },
          "expansion": "Olukumi: ẹ̀rẹn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Olukumi: ẹ̀rẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest Yoruba; Northeast Yoruba: ẹ̀rin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Yoruba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ekiti Yoruba: ẹẹ̀rịn, ẹ̀rịn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southeast Yoruba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ondo Yoruba: ẹ̀nẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Owo Yoruba: ẹ̀rẹn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fon",
        "2": "ɛnɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Fon ɛnɛ̀",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ee",
        "2": "ene"
      },
      "expansion": "Ewe ene",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bin",
        "2": "enẹn"
      },
      "expansion": "Edo enẹn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urh",
        "2": "enẹ"
      },
      "expansion": "Urhobo enẹ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ig",
        "2": "anọ"
      },
      "expansion": "Igbo anọ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-nup-pro",
        "2": "*ɛ̀-ɲi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-nup-pro",
        "2": "*gi-niə"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oks",
        "2": "ɛná"
      },
      "expansion": "Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-ido-pro",
        "2": "*ɛ̀-nɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kcf",
        "2": "náíí"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukaan náíí",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-von-pro",
        "3": "*-ni"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-von-pro",
        "3": "*-nɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-lcr-pro",
        "2": "*ì-nìàŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-plt-pro",
        "2": "*-nas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-nas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-plt-pro",
        "2": "*-naŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-naŋ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dag",
        "2": "anahi"
      },
      "expansion": "Dagbani anahi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-ovo-pro",
        "2": "*na:"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Oti-Volta *na:",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ak",
        "2": "ɛnan"
      },
      "expansion": "Akan ɛnan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bnt-pro",
        "2": "*-nàì"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-nàì",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-pro",
        "3": "*-nani"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-pro",
        "3": "*-ni"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "nic-pro",
        "3": "*na(h)i"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "nic-pro",
        "3": "*-na"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Niger-Congo *-na",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "*é-lĩ"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of *é-lĩ",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Like the root for three, see *ɛ̀-ta, this is one of the most stable forms across Atlantic-Congo. In Volta-Niger, see Fon ɛnɛ̀, Ewe ene. Also see Edo enẹn, Urhobo enẹ, and perhaps Igbo anọ. See Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi and or Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə, and Proto-Ebiroid *ɛ-na, Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná, and Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀, and Ukaan náíí, perhaps this can be reconstructed to Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni or Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀.\nIn languages in the Volta-Congo branch, see Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ, Proto-Plateau *-nas, Proto-Plateau *-naŋ. In Gur, see Dagbani anahi, Proto-Oti-Volta *na:. Also see Akan ɛnan, and among Bantu languages, Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Proposed to be from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani or Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni (proposed by Westerman and Blench), ultimately from Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i as proposed by Pozdniakov, or Proto-Niger-Congo *-na as proposed by Güldemann. The root is also hypothesized to be the common root from which the form elephant also comes in many languages including Proto-Yoruboid, suggesting it being a doublet of Doublet of *é-lĩ. See Pozdniakov and Appendix:Proto-Niger-Congo numerals for more extensive data.\nIn most Niger-Congo languages, the term for eight is derived from the root for four, (usually a reduplication of the \"four\" root), however, like the rest of numbers from 1-10, Proto-Yoruboid has unique roots for each term (a unique innovation not seen in most families in Niger-Congo)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "numeral",
        "head": "*ɛ̀-lɪ̃"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɛ̀-lɪ̃",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Yoruboid",
  "lang_code": "alv-yrd-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Yoruboid/ɛ̀-lɪ̃",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Yoruboid entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukaan terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "four"
      ],
      "id": "en-ɛ̀-lɪ̃-alv-yrd-pro-num-BO-vCA9a",
      "links": [
        [
          "four",
          "four"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "Previous number",
          "word": "ɛ̀-ta"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Next number",
          "word": "ɛ̀-lʊ̃́"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Next number",
          "word": "à-rʊ̃ã́"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ̀.lɪ̃̄/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɛ̀-lɪ̃"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "igl",
            "2": "ẹ̀lẹ"
          },
          "expansion": "Igala: ẹ̀lẹ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Igala: ẹ̀lẹ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nqg",
            "2": "ɛrɪ̃"
          },
          "expansion": "Ede Nago: ɛrɪ̃",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ede Nago: ɛrɪ̃"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "its",
            "2": "ẹrẹn"
          },
          "expansion": "Itsekiri: ẹrẹn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Itsekiri: ẹrẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ulb",
            "2": "ẹ̀rẹn"
          },
          "expansion": "Olukumi: ẹ̀rẹn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Olukumi: ẹ̀rẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest Yoruba; Northeast Yoruba: ẹ̀rin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Yoruba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ekiti Yoruba: ẹẹ̀rịn, ẹ̀rịn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southeast Yoruba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ondo Yoruba: ẹ̀nẹn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Owo Yoruba: ẹ̀rẹn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fon",
        "2": "ɛnɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Fon ɛnɛ̀",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ee",
        "2": "ene"
      },
      "expansion": "Ewe ene",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bin",
        "2": "enẹn"
      },
      "expansion": "Edo enẹn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urh",
        "2": "enẹ"
      },
      "expansion": "Urhobo enẹ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ig",
        "2": "anọ"
      },
      "expansion": "Igbo anọ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-nup-pro",
        "2": "*ɛ̀-ɲi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-nup-pro",
        "2": "*gi-niə"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oks",
        "2": "ɛná"
      },
      "expansion": "Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-ido-pro",
        "2": "*ɛ̀-nɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kcf",
        "2": "náíí"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukaan náíí",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-von-pro",
        "3": "*-ni"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-von-pro",
        "3": "*-nɛ̀"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-lcr-pro",
        "2": "*ì-nìàŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-plt-pro",
        "2": "*-nas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-nas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-plt-pro",
        "2": "*-naŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-naŋ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dag",
        "2": "anahi"
      },
      "expansion": "Dagbani anahi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nic-ovo-pro",
        "2": "*na:"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Oti-Volta *na:",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ak",
        "2": "ɛnan"
      },
      "expansion": "Akan ɛnan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bnt-pro",
        "2": "*-nàì"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-nàì",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-pro",
        "3": "*-nani"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "alv-pro",
        "3": "*-ni"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "nic-pro",
        "3": "*na(h)i"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "nic-pro",
        "3": "*-na"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Niger-Congo *-na",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "*é-lĩ"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of *é-lĩ",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Like the root for three, see *ɛ̀-ta, this is one of the most stable forms across Atlantic-Congo. In Volta-Niger, see Fon ɛnɛ̀, Ewe ene. Also see Edo enẹn, Urhobo enẹ, and perhaps Igbo anọ. See Proto-Nupoid *ɛ̀-ɲi and or Proto-Nupoid *gi-niə, and Proto-Ebiroid *ɛ-na, Oko-Eni-Osayen ɛná, and Proto-Idomoid *ɛ̀-nɛ̀, and Ukaan náíí, perhaps this can be reconstructed to Proto-Volta-Niger *-ni or Proto-Volta-Niger *-nɛ̀.\nIn languages in the Volta-Congo branch, see Proto-Lower Cross River *ì-nìàŋ, Proto-Plateau *-nas, Proto-Plateau *-naŋ. In Gur, see Dagbani anahi, Proto-Oti-Volta *na:. Also see Akan ɛnan, and among Bantu languages, Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Proposed to be from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-nani or Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni (proposed by Westerman and Blench), ultimately from Proto-Niger-Congo *na(h)i as proposed by Pozdniakov, or Proto-Niger-Congo *-na as proposed by Güldemann. The root is also hypothesized to be the common root from which the form elephant also comes in many languages including Proto-Yoruboid, suggesting it being a doublet of Doublet of *é-lĩ. See Pozdniakov and Appendix:Proto-Niger-Congo numerals for more extensive data.\nIn most Niger-Congo languages, the term for eight is derived from the root for four, (usually a reduplication of the \"four\" root), however, like the rest of numbers from 1-10, Proto-Yoruboid has unique roots for each term (a unique innovation not seen in most families in Niger-Congo)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alv-yrd-pro",
        "2": "numeral",
        "head": "*ɛ̀-lɪ̃"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɛ̀-lɪ̃",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Yoruboid",
  "lang_code": "alv-yrd-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Yoruboid/ɛ̀-lɪ̃",
  "pos": "num",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "Previous number",
      "word": "ɛ̀-ta"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Next number",
      "word": "ɛ̀-lʊ̃́"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Next number",
      "word": "à-rʊ̃ã́"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Yoruboid doublets",
        "Proto-Yoruboid entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Yoruboid lemmas",
        "Proto-Yoruboid multiword terms",
        "Proto-Yoruboid numerals",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms derived from Proto-Atlantic-Congo",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms derived from Proto-Niger-Congo",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms derived from Proto-Volta-Niger",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms inherited from Proto-Atlantic-Congo",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms inherited from Proto-Niger-Congo",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms inherited from Proto-Volta-Niger",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Yoruboid terms with redundant head parameter",
        "Ukaan terms in nonstandard scripts"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "four"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "four",
          "four"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ̀.lɪ̃̄/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɛ̀-lɪ̃"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.