See ǵʰreh₁d- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰréh₁d-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grētaną",
"t": "to weep, cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grētaną (“to weep, cry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grētaną (“to weep, cry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्रादते",
"t": "to sound, make noise",
"tr": "hrā́date"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह्रादते (hrā́date, “to sound, make noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह्रादते (hrā́date, “to sound, make noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀",
"t": "chainmail",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (zrāda, “chainmail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (zrāda, “chainmail”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰroh₁d-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glādītor",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *glādītor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dep"
},
"expansion": "dep",
"name": "smallcaps"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "deponent"
},
"expansion": "(deponent)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *glādītor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·gládathar",
"der": "1",
"t": "to address"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Irish: ad·gládathar (“to address”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Irish: ad·gládathar (“to address”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōtijaną",
"t": "to cause to weep, scold, address"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōtijaną (“to cause to weep, scold, address”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōtijaną (“to cause to weep, scold, address”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέχλαδα",
"t": "to sound, sing aloud"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέχλαδα (kékhlada, “to sound, sing aloud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέχλαδα (kékhlada, “to sound, sing aloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "krāt-",
"t": "to challenge"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: krāt- (“to challenge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: krāt- (“to challenge”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "griddfan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: griddfan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: griddfan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "griddfan",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: griddfan (“to groan”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: griddfan (“to groan”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "*ǵʰleh₂d-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰreh₁d-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReHC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sound"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰreh₁d--ine-pro-root-BkdNUC-g",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰreh₁d-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰréh₁d-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grētaną",
"t": "to weep, cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grētaną (“to weep, cry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grētaną (“to weep, cry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्रादते",
"t": "to sound, make noise",
"tr": "hrā́date"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह्रादते (hrā́date, “to sound, make noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह्रादते (hrā́date, “to sound, make noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jráHdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jráHdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jráHdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀",
"t": "chainmail",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (zrāda, “chainmail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (zrāda, “chainmail”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰroh₁d-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glādītor",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *glādītor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dep"
},
"expansion": "dep",
"name": "smallcaps"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "deponent"
},
"expansion": "(deponent)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *glādītor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·gládathar",
"der": "1",
"t": "to address"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Irish: ad·gládathar (“to address”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Irish: ad·gládathar (“to address”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōtijaną",
"t": "to cause to weep, scold, address"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōtijaną (“to cause to weep, scold, address”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōtijaną (“to cause to weep, scold, address”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέχλαδα",
"t": "to sound, sing aloud"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέχλαδα (kékhlada, “to sound, sing aloud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέχλαδα (kékhlada, “to sound, sing aloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "krāt-",
"t": "to challenge"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: krāt- (“to challenge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: krāt- (“to challenge”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "griddfan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: griddfan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: griddfan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "griddfan",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: griddfan (“to groan”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: griddfan (“to groan”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "*ǵʰleh₂d-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰreh₁d-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReHC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to sound"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰreh₁d-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰreh₁d- meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.