See žestokъ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for žestokъ meaning in All languages combined (23.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "оžestočiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "оžestočati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to harden, to make severe",
"word": "užestočiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "cruelty",
"word": "žestokostь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "жестокъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "жасто́кі"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жесто́кий"
},
"expansion": "Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "жорсто́кий"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "жестокъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "жесто́к"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "жесток"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: жесток (žestok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: жесток (žestok)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "же̏сток",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "bitter, sour, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žȅstok",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "sour, severe, savage"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "žestòk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "savage, evil"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestòk",
"t": "savage, evil"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "jestoc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: jestoc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: jestoc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žestъ",
"3": "*-okъ"
},
"expansion": "*žestъ + *-okъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žestъkъ"
},
"expansion": "*žestъkъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "k-extended u-stem"
},
"expansion": "(k-extended u-stem)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis",
"3": "",
"4": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis (“enemy”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घसति",
"3": "",
"4": "to eat, to nurish",
"tr": "ghásati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to host"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žeťi",
"3": "*žegťi",
"t": "to heat up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kǫs",
"3": "",
"4": "heap, pile",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kes",
"3": "",
"4": "(mountain) glacier",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "gallán",
"3": "",
"4": "pillar, stone"
},
"expansion": "Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gaslā"
},
"expansion": "*gaslā",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from an earlier *žestъ + *-okъ, parallel to *žestъkъ (k-extended u-stem). Further origin uncertain.\nMladenov, Iljinsky considered relation with Latin hostis (“enemy”) (meaning developed from an original “guest” → “foreigner, stranger” → “foe”), Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”), which nowadays is usually rejected for semantic reasons. Skok tentatively proposes derivation from Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”) (probably on account of the Serbo-Croatian meaning “bitter, sour”), which is phonotactically dubious. Per Vasmer, more likely akin to Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”), Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”) or perhaps Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”) < *gaslā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "žestòkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "žest",
"2": "ok"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-hard"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestokъ",
"10": "žestoky",
"11": "žestokě",
"12": "žestokě",
"13": "žestokojǫ",
"14": "žestoko",
"15": "žestoko",
"16": "žestoko",
"17": "žestoka",
"18": "žestokě",
"19": "žestoku",
"2": "žestokъ",
"20": "žestokomь",
"21": "žestoko",
"22": "žestoka",
"23": "žestoka",
"24": "žestoku",
"25": "žestoku",
"26": "žestokoma",
"27": "žestokoma",
"28": "žestoka",
"29": "žestokě",
"3": "žestoka",
"30": "žestokě",
"31": "žestoku",
"32": "žestoku",
"33": "žestokama",
"34": "žestokama",
"35": "žestokě",
"36": "žestokě",
"37": "žestokě",
"38": "žestoku",
"39": "žestoku",
"4": "žestokě",
"40": "žestokoma",
"41": "žestokoma",
"42": "žestokě",
"43": "žestoki",
"44": "žestoky",
"45": "žestokъ",
"46": "žestokěxъ",
"47": "žestokomъ",
"48": "žestoky",
"49": "žestoki",
"5": "žestoku",
"50": "žestoky",
"51": "žestoky",
"52": "žestokъ",
"53": "žestokaxъ",
"54": "žestokamъ",
"55": "žestokami",
"56": "žestoky",
"57": "žestoka",
"58": "žestoka",
"59": "žestokъ",
"6": "žestokomь",
"60": "žestokěxъ",
"61": "žestokomъ",
"62": "žestoky",
"63": "žestoka",
"7": "žestoke",
"8": "žestoka",
"9": "žestokǫ",
"title": "Indefinite declension of *žestokъ (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestokъjь",
"10": "žestokyję̇",
"11": "žestokěji",
"12": "žestokěji",
"13": "žestokǫjǫ",
"14": "žestokaja",
"15": "žestokoje",
"16": "žestokoje",
"17": "žestokajego",
"18": "žestokějemь",
"19": "žestokujemu",
"2": "žestokъjь",
"20": "žestokyjimь",
"21": "žestokoje",
"22": "žestokaja",
"23": "žestokaja",
"24": "žestokuju",
"25": "žestokuju",
"26": "žestokyjima",
"27": "žestokyjima",
"28": "žestokaja",
"29": "žestokěji",
"3": "žestokajego",
"30": "žestokěji",
"31": "žestokuju",
"32": "žestokuju",
"33": "žestokyjima",
"34": "žestokyjima",
"35": "žestokěji",
"36": "žestokěji",
"37": "žestokěji",
"38": "žestokuju",
"39": "žestokuju",
"4": "žestokějemь",
"40": "žestokyjima",
"41": "žestokyjima",
"42": "žestokěji",
"43": "žestokiji",
"44": "žestokyję̇",
"45": "žestokъjixъ",
"46": "žestokyjixъ",
"47": "žestokyjimъ",
"48": "žestokyjimi",
"49": "žestokiji",
"5": "žestokujemu",
"50": "žestokyję̇",
"51": "žestokyję̇",
"52": "žestokъjixъ",
"53": "žestokyjixъ",
"54": "žestokyjimъ",
"55": "žestokyjimi",
"56": "žestokyję̇",
"57": "žestokaja",
"58": "žestokaja",
"59": "žestokъjixъ",
"6": "žestokyjimь",
"60": "žestokyjixъ",
"61": "žestokyjimъ",
"62": "žestokyjimi",
"63": "žestokaja",
"7": "žestokъjь",
"8": "žestokaja",
"9": "žestokǫjǫ",
"title": "Definite declension of *žestokъ (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žestokъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "žestъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "rigid",
"word": "žestъkъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "žestь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "rigidity, stiffness",
"word": "žestina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stern, hard, stiff, rigid (for material)"
],
"id": "en-žestokъ-sla-pro-adj-JjPxxyPR",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, sour (for taste)"
],
"id": "en-žestokъ-sla-pro-adj-d0jqBI9T",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in Serbo-Croatian) bitter, sour (for taste)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Serbo-Croatian"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*syrъ"
},
{
"word": "*surovъ"
},
{
"word": "*gorьkъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 12 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)"
],
"id": "en-žestokъ-sla-pro-adj-uo4-i5t2",
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "žestokъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "оžestočiti"
},
{
"word": "оžestočati"
},
{
"english": "to harden, to make severe",
"word": "užestočiti"
},
{
"english": "cruelty",
"word": "žestokostь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "жестокъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "жасто́кі"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жесто́кий"
},
"expansion": "Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "жорсто́кий"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "жестокъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "жесто́к"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "жесток"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: жесток (žestok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: жесток (žestok)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "же̏сток",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "bitter, sour, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žȅstok",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "sour, severe, savage"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "žestòk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "savage, evil"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestòk",
"t": "savage, evil"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "jestoc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: jestoc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: jestoc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žestъ",
"3": "*-okъ"
},
"expansion": "*žestъ + *-okъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žestъkъ"
},
"expansion": "*žestъkъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "k-extended u-stem"
},
"expansion": "(k-extended u-stem)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis",
"3": "",
"4": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis (“enemy”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घसति",
"3": "",
"4": "to eat, to nurish",
"tr": "ghásati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to host"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žeťi",
"3": "*žegťi",
"t": "to heat up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kǫs",
"3": "",
"4": "heap, pile",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kes",
"3": "",
"4": "(mountain) glacier",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "gallán",
"3": "",
"4": "pillar, stone"
},
"expansion": "Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gaslā"
},
"expansion": "*gaslā",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from an earlier *žestъ + *-okъ, parallel to *žestъkъ (k-extended u-stem). Further origin uncertain.\nMladenov, Iljinsky considered relation with Latin hostis (“enemy”) (meaning developed from an original “guest” → “foreigner, stranger” → “foe”), Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”), which nowadays is usually rejected for semantic reasons. Skok tentatively proposes derivation from Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”) (probably on account of the Serbo-Croatian meaning “bitter, sour”), which is phonotactically dubious. Per Vasmer, more likely akin to Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”), Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”) or perhaps Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”) < *gaslā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "žestòkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestoka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "žestokaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "žest",
"2": "ok"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-hard"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestokъ",
"10": "žestoky",
"11": "žestokě",
"12": "žestokě",
"13": "žestokojǫ",
"14": "žestoko",
"15": "žestoko",
"16": "žestoko",
"17": "žestoka",
"18": "žestokě",
"19": "žestoku",
"2": "žestokъ",
"20": "žestokomь",
"21": "žestoko",
"22": "žestoka",
"23": "žestoka",
"24": "žestoku",
"25": "žestoku",
"26": "žestokoma",
"27": "žestokoma",
"28": "žestoka",
"29": "žestokě",
"3": "žestoka",
"30": "žestokě",
"31": "žestoku",
"32": "žestoku",
"33": "žestokama",
"34": "žestokama",
"35": "žestokě",
"36": "žestokě",
"37": "žestokě",
"38": "žestoku",
"39": "žestoku",
"4": "žestokě",
"40": "žestokoma",
"41": "žestokoma",
"42": "žestokě",
"43": "žestoki",
"44": "žestoky",
"45": "žestokъ",
"46": "žestokěxъ",
"47": "žestokomъ",
"48": "žestoky",
"49": "žestoki",
"5": "žestoku",
"50": "žestoky",
"51": "žestoky",
"52": "žestokъ",
"53": "žestokaxъ",
"54": "žestokamъ",
"55": "žestokami",
"56": "žestoky",
"57": "žestoka",
"58": "žestoka",
"59": "žestokъ",
"6": "žestokomь",
"60": "žestokěxъ",
"61": "žestokomъ",
"62": "žestoky",
"63": "žestoka",
"7": "žestoke",
"8": "žestoka",
"9": "žestokǫ",
"title": "Indefinite declension of *žestokъ (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "žestokъjь",
"10": "žestokyję̇",
"11": "žestokěji",
"12": "žestokěji",
"13": "žestokǫjǫ",
"14": "žestokaja",
"15": "žestokoje",
"16": "žestokoje",
"17": "žestokajego",
"18": "žestokějemь",
"19": "žestokujemu",
"2": "žestokъjь",
"20": "žestokyjimь",
"21": "žestokoje",
"22": "žestokaja",
"23": "žestokaja",
"24": "žestokuju",
"25": "žestokuju",
"26": "žestokyjima",
"27": "žestokyjima",
"28": "žestokaja",
"29": "žestokěji",
"3": "žestokajego",
"30": "žestokěji",
"31": "žestokuju",
"32": "žestokuju",
"33": "žestokyjima",
"34": "žestokyjima",
"35": "žestokěji",
"36": "žestokěji",
"37": "žestokěji",
"38": "žestokuju",
"39": "žestokuju",
"4": "žestokějemь",
"40": "žestokyjima",
"41": "žestokyjima",
"42": "žestokěji",
"43": "žestokiji",
"44": "žestokyję̇",
"45": "žestokъjixъ",
"46": "žestokyjixъ",
"47": "žestokyjimъ",
"48": "žestokyjimi",
"49": "žestokiji",
"5": "žestokujemu",
"50": "žestokyję̇",
"51": "žestokyję̇",
"52": "žestokъjixъ",
"53": "žestokyjixъ",
"54": "žestokyjimъ",
"55": "žestokyjimi",
"56": "žestokyję̇",
"57": "žestokaja",
"58": "žestokaja",
"59": "žestokъjixъ",
"6": "žestokyjimь",
"60": "žestokyjixъ",
"61": "žestokyjimъ",
"62": "žestokyjimi",
"63": "žestokaja",
"7": "žestokъjь",
"8": "žestokaja",
"9": "žestokǫjǫ",
"title": "Definite declension of *žestokъ (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žestokъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "žestъ"
},
{
"english": "rigid",
"word": "žestъkъ"
},
{
"word": "žestь"
},
{
"english": "rigidity, stiffness",
"word": "žestina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stern, hard, stiff, rigid (for material)"
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, sour (for taste)"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in Serbo-Croatian) bitter, sour (for taste)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Serbo-Croatian"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*syrъ"
},
{
"word": "*surovъ"
},
{
"word": "*gorьkъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "žestokъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.