"ōbijaną" meaning in All languages combined

See ōbijaną on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: The causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb *afaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₃ep-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₃ep-||to labor, work}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|ōb|j=ij}} Forms: weak [table-tags], ōbijō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], ōbijaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], ōbijai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], ōbīsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], ōbijais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ōbī [active, imperative, second-person, singular], ōbijasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], ōbijaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ōbīþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], ōbijai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ōbijaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], ōbijaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], ōbijaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ōbijōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], ōbijaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], ōbijaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], ōbijaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], ōbijaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], ōbijamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], ōbijaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], ōbijanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], ōbijainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], ōbīþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], ōbijaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], ōbīþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], ōbijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], ōbijainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], ōbijanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], ōbijain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], ōbijanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], ōbijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], ōbijainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], ōbidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], ōbidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], ōbidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], ōbidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ōbidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], ōbidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ōbidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], ōbidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], ōbidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], ōbidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], ōbidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], ōbidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], ōbidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], ōbidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], ōbidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], ōbidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], ōbijandz [active, participle, present], ōbidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to perform, practice Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: ōbjaną Related terms: abnijaną, abraz, aflą, ōbō
    Sense id: en-ōbijaną-gem-pro-verb-dyANeZKS Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "ēwa",
            "3": "jōwa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "ōvenia",
            "3": "ōvonia",
            "4": "ōfnia",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "oefenje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: oefenje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: oefenje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "ōbian",
            "3": "ōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "ôven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: ôven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: ôven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "öven"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: öven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: öven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "øve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: øve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: øve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "öva",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: öva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: öva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "øve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: øve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: øve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*uoven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *uoven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *uoven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "oeven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: oeven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: oeven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "oeven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: oeven",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic",
            "2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic, dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: oeven (archaic, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "oefenen",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "oefenen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: oefenen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: oefenen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "oefen"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: oefen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: oefen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "uoben",
            "3": "uaben",
            "4": "uopen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "uoben",
            "3": "üeben",
            "4": "üben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "üben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "üübje",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Saterland Frisian: üübje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Saterland Frisian: üübje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "üben",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Luxembourgish: üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "ieve"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: ieve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: ieve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-rfr",
            "2": "iwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Rhine Franconian: iwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rhine Franconian: iwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*œfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *œfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *œfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "æfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: æfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: æfa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to labor, work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb *afaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōb",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ōbijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perform, practice"
      ],
      "id": "en-ōbijaną-gem-pro-verb-dyANeZKS",
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "abnijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "abraz"
        },
        {
          "word": "aflą"
        },
        {
          "word": "ōbō"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ōbjaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ōbijaną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "ēwa",
            "3": "jōwa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "ōvenia",
            "3": "ōvonia",
            "4": "ōfnia",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "oefenje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: oefenje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: oefenje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "ōbian",
            "3": "ōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "ôven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: ôven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: ôven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "öven"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: öven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: öven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "øve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: øve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: øve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "öva",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: öva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: öva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "øve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: øve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: øve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*uoven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *uoven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *uoven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "oeven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: oeven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: oeven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "oeven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: oeven",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic",
            "2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic, dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: oeven (archaic, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "oefenen",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "oefenen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: oefenen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: oefenen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "oefen"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: oefen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: oefen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "uoben",
            "3": "uaben",
            "4": "uopen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "uoben",
            "3": "üeben",
            "4": "üben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "üben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "üübje",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Saterland Frisian: üübje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Saterland Frisian: üübje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "üben",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: üben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Luxembourgish: üben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "ieve"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: ieve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: ieve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-rfr",
            "2": "iwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Rhine Franconian: iwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rhine Franconian: iwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*œfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *œfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *œfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "æfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: æfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: æfa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to labor, work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb *afaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōbidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōb",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ōbijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "abnijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "abraz"
    },
    {
      "word": "aflą"
    },
    {
      "word": "ōbō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ep-",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perform, practice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ōbjaną"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ōbijaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ōbijaną meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.