"ķirbis" meaning in All languages combined

See ķirbis on Wiktionary

Noun [Latvian]

IPA: [cīrbis] Audio: Lv-ķirbis.ogg
Etymology: Borrowed from German Kürbis, itself borrowed from Latin cucurbita (from an earlier *curbitia, via reduplication). This word is first mentioned in early 18th-century texts, but only in the 19th century did it become really popular and enter the standard literary language. Various expressions had previously been used to refer to this plant, usually comparing it to a cucumber or apple (“big cucumber”, “big apple”, “porridge apple,” “porridge cucumber,” etc.). The ending -s, which is part of the root in German, was reinterpreted as the Latvian Nom. Sg. ending -(i)s and is replaced accordingly in other grammatical cases. Etymology templates: {{bor|lv|de|Kürbis}} German Kürbis, {{der|lv|la|cucurbita}} Latin cucurbita Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=}} ķirbis m, {{lv-noun|m|2nd}} ķirbis m (2nd declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|ķir|is|2nd||b|bj|extrawidth=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-2|ķir|is|4=|5=b|6=bj|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|ķirbis|ķirbji|ķirbi|ķirbjus|ķirbja|ķirbju|ķirbim|ķirbjiem|ķirbi|ķirbjiem|ķirbī|ķirbjos|ķirbi|ķirbji|type=2nd declension|x=-60}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ķirbis [nominative, singular], ķirbji [nominative, plural], ķirbja [genitive, singular], ķirbju [genitive, plural], ķirbim [dative, singular], ķirbjiem [dative, plural], ķirbi [accusative, singular], ķirbjus [accusative, plural], ķirbi [instrumental, singular], ķirbjiem [instrumental, plural], ķirbī [locative, singular], ķirbjos [locative, plural], ķirbi [singular, vocative], ķirbji [plural, vocative]
  1. pumpkin, squash, gourd (plants; fam. Cucurbitaceae) Tags: declension-2, masculine
    Sense id: en-ķirbis-lv-noun-81j8ZhIv Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian words with level intonation, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Gourd family plants, Vegetables Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 82 18 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 63 37 Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 73 27 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 90 10 Disambiguation of Gourd family plants: 57 43 Disambiguation of Vegetables: 90 10
  2. pumpkin, squash, gourd (fruit of the corresponding plants) Tags: declension-2, masculine
    Sense id: en-ķirbis-lv-noun-61AZggXe Categories (other): Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 55 45

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kürbis"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kürbis",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cucurbita"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cucurbita",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Kürbis, itself borrowed from Latin cucurbita (from an earlier *curbitia, via reduplication). This word is first mentioned in early 18th-century texts, but only in the 19th century did it become really popular and enter the standard literary language. Various expressions had previously been used to refer to this plant, usually comparing it to a cucumber or apple (“big cucumber”, “big apple”, “porridge apple,” “porridge cucumber,” etc.). The ending -s, which is part of the root in German, was reinterpreted as the Latvian Nom. Sg. ending -(i)s and is replaced accordingly in other grammatical cases.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ķirbis m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd"
      },
      "expansion": "ķirbis m (2nd declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķir",
        "2": "is",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "b",
        "6": "bj",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķir",
        "2": "is",
        "4": "",
        "5": "b",
        "6": "bj",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķirbis",
        "10": "ķirbjiem",
        "11": "ķirbī",
        "12": "ķirbjos",
        "13": "ķirbi",
        "14": "ķirbji",
        "2": "ķirbji",
        "3": "ķirbi",
        "4": "ķirbjus",
        "5": "ķirbja",
        "6": "ķirbju",
        "7": "ķirbim",
        "8": "ķirbjiem",
        "9": "ķirbi",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Gourd family plants",
          "orig": "lv:Gourd family plants",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "lv:Vegetables",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
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          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "common pumpkin",
          "text": "paraistais ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "white gourd",
          "text": "baltais ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "winter squash",
          "text": "ziemas ķirbji",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin seeds",
          "text": "ķirbju sēklas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              19
            ],
            [
              21,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "big-fruited pumpkin, gourd",
          "text": "lielaugļu ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ],
            [
              25,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "dwarf (lit. bush) gourd, calabash",
          "text": "krūmu ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash, gourd (plants; fam. Cucurbitaceae)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ķirbis-lv-noun-81j8ZhIv",
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ],
        [
          "gourd",
          "gourd"
        ],
        [
          "Cucurbitaceae",
          "Cucurbitaceae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
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          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin soup",
          "text": "ķirbju zupa",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin salad",
          "text": "ķirbju salāti",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash, gourd (fruit of the corresponding plants)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ķirbis-lv-noun-61AZggXe",
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ],
        [
          "gourd",
          "gourd"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[cīrbis]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Lv-ķirbis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:ķirbis"
  ],
  "word": "ķirbis"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian second declension nouns",
    "Latvian terms borrowed from German",
    "Latvian terms derived from German",
    "Latvian terms derived from Latin",
    "Latvian words with level intonation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "lv:Gourd family plants",
    "lv:Vegetables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kürbis"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kürbis",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cucurbita"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cucurbita",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Kürbis, itself borrowed from Latin cucurbita (from an earlier *curbitia, via reduplication). This word is first mentioned in early 18th-century texts, but only in the 19th century did it become really popular and enter the standard literary language. Various expressions had previously been used to refer to this plant, usually comparing it to a cucumber or apple (“big cucumber”, “big apple”, “porridge apple,” “porridge cucumber,” etc.). The ending -s, which is part of the root in German, was reinterpreted as the Latvian Nom. Sg. ending -(i)s and is replaced accordingly in other grammatical cases.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbjos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ķirbji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ķirbis m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd"
      },
      "expansion": "ķirbis m (2nd declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķir",
        "2": "is",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "b",
        "6": "bj",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķir",
        "2": "is",
        "4": "",
        "5": "b",
        "6": "bj",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ķirbis",
        "10": "ķirbjiem",
        "11": "ķirbī",
        "12": "ķirbjos",
        "13": "ķirbi",
        "14": "ķirbji",
        "2": "ķirbji",
        "3": "ķirbi",
        "4": "ķirbjus",
        "5": "ķirbja",
        "6": "ķirbju",
        "7": "ķirbim",
        "8": "ķirbjiem",
        "9": "ķirbi",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "common pumpkin",
          "text": "paraistais ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "white gourd",
          "text": "baltais ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "winter squash",
          "text": "ziemas ķirbji",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin seeds",
          "text": "ķirbju sēklas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              19
            ],
            [
              21,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "big-fruited pumpkin, gourd",
          "text": "lielaugļu ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ],
            [
              25,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "dwarf (lit. bush) gourd, calabash",
          "text": "krūmu ķirbis",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash, gourd (plants; fam. Cucurbitaceae)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ],
        [
          "gourd",
          "gourd"
        ],
        [
          "Cucurbitaceae",
          "Cucurbitaceae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin soup",
          "text": "ķirbju zupa",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "pumpkin salad",
          "text": "ķirbju salāti",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash, gourd (fruit of the corresponding plants)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ],
        [
          "gourd",
          "gourd"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[cīrbis]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Lv-ķirbis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Lv-%C4%B7irbis.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:ķirbis"
  ],
  "word": "ķirbis"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ķirbis meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.