See čárma on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for čárma meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चर्मन्",
"3": "चर्म",
"pos2": "nom.sg.",
"tr": "cárman",
"tr2": "cárma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चर्मन् (cárman), चर्म (cárma, nom.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चर्मन् (cárman), चर्म (cárma, nom.sg.) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čárma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "čom"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: čom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: čom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "čom"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: čom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: čom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "čām"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: čām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: čām"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "čām"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: čām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: čām"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kora",
"3": "",
"4": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s, from *(s)ker- (“to cut off, turn”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čárman",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*čárman",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*čárma n (stem *čárman)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/čárma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skin"
],
"id": "en-čárma-iir-pro-noun-KgBw0BS8",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hide, pelt"
],
"id": "en-čárma-iir-pro-noun-Z3wyyC2c",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čárma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*cārma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *cārma\nOssetian:\nDigor Ossetian: царм (carm)\nIron Ossetian: цар (car)\nKhotanese: [script needed] (tcārman)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *cārma\nOssetian:\nDigor Ossetian: царм (carm)\nIron Ossetian: цар (car)\nKhotanese: [script needed] (tcārman)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Batrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "څرم",
"3": "چرم",
"4": "جرم",
"tr": "crm",
"tr2": "črm",
"tr3": "ǰrm",
"ts": "carm",
"ts2": "čarm",
"ts3": "ǰarm"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: څرم (crm /carm/), چرم (črm /čarm/), جرم (ǰrm /ǰarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: څرم (crm /carm/), چرم (črm /čarm/), جرم (ǰrm /ǰarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼿𐽀𐼺",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "čaṙm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽀𐼺 (crm /čaṙm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽀𐼺 (crm /čaṙm/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"2": "څرمون",
"tr": "carmún"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: څرمون (carmún)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: څرمون (carmún)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: čarm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: čarm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pashto:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps-waz",
"2": "څرمن",
"tr": "carman"
},
"expansion": "Waziri: څرمن (carman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waziri: څرمن (carman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bgn",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Western Balochi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Balochi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "çerm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: çerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: çerm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Laki: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro",
"alt": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian: *čárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čərm"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: چرم (čərm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: چرم (čərm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srz",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Shahmirzadi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmirzadi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-kms-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Komisenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Komisenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsa",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Lasgerdi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lasgerdi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgr",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sangisari: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangisari: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqo",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sorkhei: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sorkhei: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *čárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-mid",
"2": "*čárm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Median: *čárm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Median: *čárm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme",
"2": "gzi",
"3": "xme-kaf",
"4": "xme-kes",
"5": "xme-qoh",
"6": "xme-sed",
"7": "xme-von"
},
"expansion": "Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni",
"name": "lect"
}
],
"text": "Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-zef",
"tr": "čärm"
},
"expansion": "Zefrehi: [script needed] (čärm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zefrehi: [script needed] (čärm)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siy",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sivandi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sivandi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫝𐫡𐫖",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm /čarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm /čarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gurani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "çermê"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: çermê",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: çermê"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Talakhedeshki: چەرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴",
"ts": "carman"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/čarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/čarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫝𐫡𐫖",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "clm"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (clm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (clm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ճարմանդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ճարմանդ (čarmand)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably"
},
"expansion": "(probably)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: ճարմանդ (čarmand) (probably)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चर्मन्",
"tr": "cárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kér-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ker-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma (compare Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-mn̥.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*čárma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čárma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasgerdi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Semnani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sivandi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sorkhei terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skin, hide, leather"
],
"id": "en-čárma-ira-pro-noun-Ga2JTez3",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rüdiger Schmitt"
]
}
],
"word": "čárma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चर्मन्",
"3": "चर्म",
"pos2": "nom.sg.",
"tr": "cárman",
"tr2": "cárma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चर्मन् (cárman), चर्म (cárma, nom.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चर्मन् (cárman), चर्म (cárma, nom.sg.) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čárma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "čom"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: čom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: čom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "čom"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: čom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: čom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "čām"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: čām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: čām"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "čām"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: čām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: čām"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kora",
"3": "",
"4": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s, from *(s)ker- (“to cut off, turn”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čárman",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*čárman",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*čárma n (stem *čárman)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/čárma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"skin"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hide, pelt"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čárma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*cārma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *cārma\nOssetian:\nDigor Ossetian: царм (carm)\nIron Ossetian: цар (car)\nKhotanese: [script needed] (tcārman)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *cārma\nOssetian:\nDigor Ossetian: царм (carm)\nIron Ossetian: цар (car)\nKhotanese: [script needed] (tcārman)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Batrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "څرم",
"3": "چرم",
"4": "جرم",
"tr": "crm",
"tr2": "črm",
"tr3": "ǰrm",
"ts": "carm",
"ts2": "čarm",
"ts3": "ǰarm"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: څرم (crm /carm/), چرم (črm /čarm/), جرم (ǰrm /ǰarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: څرم (crm /carm/), چرم (črm /čarm/), جرم (ǰrm /ǰarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼿𐽀𐼺",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "čaṙm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽀𐼺 (crm /čaṙm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽀𐼺 (crm /čaṙm/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"2": "څرمون",
"tr": "carmún"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: څرمون (carmún)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: څرمون (carmún)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: čarm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: čarm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pashto:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps-waz",
"2": "څرمن",
"tr": "carman"
},
"expansion": "Waziri: څرمن (carman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waziri: څرمن (carman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bgn",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Western Balochi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Balochi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "çerm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: çerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: çerm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "چەرم"
},
"expansion": "Laki: چەرم (çerm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: چەرم (çerm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro",
"alt": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian: *čárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čərm"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: چرم (čərm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: چرم (čərm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srz",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Shahmirzadi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmirzadi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-kms-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Komisenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Komisenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsa",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Lasgerdi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lasgerdi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgr",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sangisari: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangisari: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqo",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sorkhei: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sorkhei: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *čárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *čárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-mid",
"2": "*čárm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Median: *čárm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Median: *čárm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme",
"2": "gzi",
"3": "xme-kaf",
"4": "xme-kes",
"5": "xme-qoh",
"6": "xme-sed",
"7": "xme-von"
},
"expansion": "Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni",
"name": "lect"
}
],
"text": "Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-zef",
"tr": "čärm"
},
"expansion": "Zefrehi: [script needed] (čärm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zefrehi: [script needed] (čärm)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siy",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Sivandi: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sivandi: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"2": "چرم",
"tr": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: چرم (čarm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: چرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫝𐫡𐫖",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm /čarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm /čarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gurani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "çermê"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: çermê",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: çermê"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Talakhedeshki: چەرم (čarm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴",
"ts": "carman"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "čarm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/čarm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/čarm/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫝𐫡𐫖",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "clm"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (clm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (clm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ճարմանդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ճարմանդ (čarmand)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably"
},
"expansion": "(probably)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: ճարմանդ (čarmand) (probably)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*čárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चर्मन्",
"tr": "cárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kér-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ker-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma (compare Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-mn̥.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*čárma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čárma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Lasgerdi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Zefrehi terms",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Semnani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Sivandi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Sorkhei terms in nonstandard scripts"
],
"glosses": [
"skin, hide, leather"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rüdiger Schmitt"
]
}
],
"word": "čárma"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.