See ćwiek on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwiek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ćwiek\n→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)\n→ Samogitian: cveks\n→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ćwiek\n→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)\n→ Samogitian: cveks\n→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "zwec"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old High German zwec",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1461"
},
"expansion": "1461",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1461"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1461",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old High German zwec. First attested in 1461.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ćwiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
30
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1461], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume XI, Krakow, page 491:",
"text": "Pro clavis ferreis al. czwyeky XI scotos",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 8:",
"text": "Czwek pimpula",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "*Pimpula czwek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 101r:",
"text": "Pirgus czwyek vel sdzolkle myąszo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stud, brad, hobnail"
],
"id": "en-ćwiek-zlw-opl-noun-8rVo5uOT",
"links": [
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"brad",
"brad"
],
[
"hobnail",
"hobnail"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) stud, brad, hobnail"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕfʲɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕfʲɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćwiek"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цвік",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "cveks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Samogitian: cveks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Samogitian: cveks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "цвях",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćwiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwiek",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwok",
"t1": "nincompoop"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ćwok (“nincompoop”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwiek. Doublet of ćwok (“nincompoop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwiekowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ćwiekowy"
},
"expansion": "ćwiek m inan (related adjective ćwiekowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ćwie",
"2": "k",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fasteners",
"orig": "pl:Fasteners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ćwiekacz"
},
{
"word": "ćwiekarka"
},
{
"word": "ćwiekulec"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ćwiekować"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stud, brad, hobnail"
],
"id": "en-ćwiek-pl-noun-8rVo5uOT",
"links": [
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"brad",
"brad"
],
[
"hobnail",
"hobnail"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwiek"
}
],
"word": "ćwiek"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwiek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ćwiek\n→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)\n→ Samogitian: cveks\n→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ćwiek\n→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)\n→ Samogitian: cveks\n→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "zwec"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old High German zwec",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1461"
},
"expansion": "1461",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1461"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1461",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old High German zwec. First attested in 1461.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ćwiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms borrowed from Old High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:Fasteners"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
30
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1461], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume XI, Krakow, page 491:",
"text": "Pro clavis ferreis al. czwyeky XI scotos",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 8:",
"text": "Czwek pimpula",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "*Pimpula czwek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 101r:",
"text": "Pirgus czwyek vel sdzolkle myąszo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stud, brad, hobnail"
],
"links": [
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"brad",
"brad"
],
[
"hobnail",
"hobnail"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) stud, brad, hobnail"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕfʲɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕfʲɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćwiek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ćwiekacz"
},
{
"word": "ćwiekarka"
},
{
"word": "ćwiekulec"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ćwiekować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цвік",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: цвік (cvik)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "cveks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Samogitian: cveks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Samogitian: cveks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "цвях",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: цвях (cvjax)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćwiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwiek",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwok",
"t1": "nincompoop"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ćwok (“nincompoop”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwiek. Doublet of ćwok (“nincompoop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwiekowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiekach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwieki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ćwiekowy"
},
"expansion": "ćwiek m inan (related adjective ćwiekowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ćwie",
"2": "k",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛk/1 syllable",
"pl:Fasteners"
],
"glosses": [
"stud, brad, hobnail"
],
"links": [
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"brad",
"brad"
],
[
"hobnail",
"hobnail"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwiek"
}
],
"word": "ćwiek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ćwiek meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ćwiek m animacy unattested' in 'ćwiek m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"ćwiek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćwiek",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.