See þeowan on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þeuhan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þeuhan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þeuhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeuhaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dūhen",
"3": "",
"4": "to press, press down"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dūhen (“to press, press down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "duwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch duwen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þeuhan, from Proto-Germanic *þeuhaną, *þūhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old High German dūhen (“to press, press down”), Middle Dutch duwen, douwen (“to push, press, force”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þēowan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēoweþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēow",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeþēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "þīwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þīewan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þēon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳġan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þēwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þīan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan"
},
"expansion": "þēowan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þēowian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to press, impress, force"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-eI-dS2KV",
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to urge, drive"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-MLL2adVu",
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 12 20 12 15 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to press or thrust with a weapon, pierce, stab"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-tKZ4Z4bD",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to threaten"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-osDEqR2T",
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rebuke, check"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-OSjApsJs",
"links": [
[
"rebuke",
"rebuke"
],
[
"check",
"check"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "oppress with terror",
"text": "eġesan þēowan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to subjugate, overpower, oppress; to crush"
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-96w0HDaW",
"links": [
[
"subjugate",
"subjugate"
],
[
"overpower",
"overpower"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθe͜oː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "þeowan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From þēowa (“servant, slave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þēowan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēoweþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēow",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeþēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "þēowan"
},
"expansion": "þēowan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þēowian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 13 15 13 17 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 12 16 16 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve."
],
"id": "en-þeowan-ang-verb-SEY5tje~",
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) To serve."
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθe͜oː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "þeowan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þeuhan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þeuhan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þeuhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeuhaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dūhen",
"3": "",
"4": "to press, press down"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dūhen (“to press, press down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "duwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch duwen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þeuhan, from Proto-Germanic *þeuhaną, *þūhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old High German dūhen (“to press, press down”), Middle Dutch duwen, douwen (“to push, press, force”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þēowan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēoweþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēow",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeþēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "þīwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þīewan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þēon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳġan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þēwan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þīan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þȳn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan"
},
"expansion": "þēowan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "þēowian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to press, impress, force"
],
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to urge, drive"
],
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to press or thrust with a weapon, pierce, stab"
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to threaten"
],
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rebuke, check"
],
"links": [
[
"rebuke",
"rebuke"
],
[
"check",
"check"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "oppress with terror",
"text": "eġesan þēowan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to subjugate, overpower, oppress; to crush"
],
"links": [
[
"subjugate",
"subjugate"
],
[
"overpower",
"overpower"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθe͜oː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "þeowan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From þēowa (“servant, slave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þēowan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēoweþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þēow",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeþēowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "þēowan"
},
"expansion": "þēowan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þēowan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "þēowian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To serve."
],
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) To serve."
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθe͜oː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "þeowan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þeowan meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.