"étouffer" meaning in All languages combined

See étouffer on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /e.tu.fe/ Audio: Fr-étouffer.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old French estouffler. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|estouffler|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French estouffler, {{inh+|fr|fro|estouffler}} Inherited from Old French estouffler Head templates: {{fr-verb}} étouffer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], étouffer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], étouffant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], étouffé [participle, past], étouffe [first-person, indicative, present, singular], étouffes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], étouffe [indicative, present, singular, third-person], étouffons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], étouffez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], étouffent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], étouffais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], étouffais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], étouffait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], étouffions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], étouffiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], étouffaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], étouffai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], étouffas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], étouffa [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], étouffâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], étouffâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], étouffèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], étoufferai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], étoufferas [future, indicative, second-person, singular], étouffera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], étoufferons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], étoufferez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], étoufferont [future, indicative, plural, third-person], étoufferais [conditional, first-person, singular], étoufferais [conditional, second-person, singular], étoufferait [conditional, singular, third-person], étoufferions [conditional, first-person, plural], étoufferiez [conditional, plural, second-person], étoufferaient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], étouffe [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], étouffes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], étouffe [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], étouffions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], étouffiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], étouffent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], étouffasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], étouffasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], étouffât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], étouffassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], étouffassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], étouffassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], étouffe [imperative, second-person, singular], étouffons [first-person, imperative, plural], étouffez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive, intransitive) to smother, to choke Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-étouffer-fr-verb-dXxDM9Ag Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 81 19 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 61 39 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 71 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 80 20
  2. (figuratively, by extension) to stop, to inhibit, to prevent Tags: broadly, figuratively
    Sense id: en-étouffer-fr-verb-rCRZWmiy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: étouffer dans l’œuf

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "étouffer dans l’œuf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estouffler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estouffler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estouffler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French estouffler",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French estouffler.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffant",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffé",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffes",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffent",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffait",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffaient",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffai",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffas",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffa",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferai",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferas",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffera",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferont",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferait",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferaient",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffes",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffent",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffasse",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffasses",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffât",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassent",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "étouffer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smother, to choke"
      ],
      "id": "en-étouffer-fr-verb-dXxDM9Ag",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "smother",
          "smother"
        ],
        [
          "choke",
          "choke"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to smother, to choke"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to stop, to inhibit, to prevent"
      ],
      "id": "en-étouffer-fr-verb-rCRZWmiy",
      "links": [
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "inhibit",
          "inhibit"
        ],
        [
          "prevent",
          "prevent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, by extension) to stop, to inhibit, to prevent"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffai"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffé"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffée"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffées"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffés"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffez"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-étouffer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "étouffer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "étouffer dans l’œuf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estouffler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estouffler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estouffler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French estouffler",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French estouffler.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffant",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffé",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffes",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffent",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffait",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffaient",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffai",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffas",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffa",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferai",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferas",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffera",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferont",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferais",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferait",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étoufferaient",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffes",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffent",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffasse",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffasses",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffât",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassions",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffassent",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffe",
      "ipa": "/e.tuf/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffons",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "étouffez",
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "étouffer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smother, to choke"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "smother",
          "smother"
        ],
        [
          "choke",
          "choke"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to smother, to choke"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to stop, to inhibit, to prevent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "inhibit",
          "inhibit"
        ],
        [
          "prevent",
          "prevent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, by extension) to stop, to inhibit, to prevent"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.tu.fe/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffai"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffé"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffée"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffées"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffés"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "étouffez"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-étouffer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Fr-%C3%A9touffer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "étouffer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for étouffer meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.