文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文過", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文过", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to cover"], "links": [["cover", "cover"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wùn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wenn"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁶"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文過", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文过", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to cover"], "links": [["cover", "cover"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wùn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wenn"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁶"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文過", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文过", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to cover"], "links": [["cover", "cover"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wùn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wenn"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁶"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文過", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文过", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to cover"], "links": [["cover", "cover"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wùn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wenn"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁶"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文過", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to cover one's fault", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénguò, wènguò", "text": "文过", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to cover"], "links": [["cover", "cover"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wen⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wùn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wèn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wenn"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁶"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/wən⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²²/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
文 (Chinese character) 文/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["CJKV radicals", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 文", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min classifiers", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese classifiers", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min classifiers", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese classifiers", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages using lite templates", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "i"}, "expansion": "Ideogram (指事)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "紋", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "紋", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "紋", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "大", "2": "1"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "str left"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "大", "sc": "Hani"}, "expansion": "大", "name": "m-lite"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nIdeogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.\nUnrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.\nPossibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) \"soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal\" (Schuessler, 2007).\nSemantic shift: \"pattern, tattoo (made of soot)\", \"written glyph (made of ink)\" > \"literature\" > \"refined, cultured\" (Schuessler, 2007).", "forms": [{"form": "彣"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "文", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如貍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "having a pattern like that of a wild cat", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wén rú lí", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "文如狸", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["mark", "mark"], ["pattern", "pattern"], ["design", "design"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"], ["decoration", "decoration"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)."]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénshēn", "text": "文身", "type": "example"}, {"english": "face tattoo", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmiàn", "text": "文面", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)."], "links": [["紋", "紋#Chinese"], ["纹", "纹#Chinese"], ["tattoo", "tattoo"]]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese nouns classified by 篇", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "article, essay", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhāng", "text": "文章", "type": "example"}, {"english": "prose", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sǎnwén", "text": "散文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不對題", "type": "example"}, {"english": "(of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénbùduìtí", "text": "文不对题", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文寫得唔錯。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "This essay is written quite well.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ni¹ pin¹ man⁴⁻² se² dak¹ m⁴ co³.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "呢篇文写得唔错。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)"], "links": [["writing", "writing"], ["literary", "literary"], ["composition", "composition"], ["literature", "literature"], ["篇", "篇#Chinese"]]}, {"glosses": ["official document"], "links": [["official", "official"], ["document", "document"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "half literary, half vernacular", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "bànwénbànbái", "text": "半文半白", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["literary language; Literary Chinese"], "links": [["literary", "literary"], ["Literary Chinese", "Literary Chinese"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文讀"}, {"extra": "wéndú, “literary reading”", "word": "文读"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms"], "glosses": ["Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)."], "links": [["文讀", "文讀#Chinese"], ["文读", "文读#Chinese"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "oracle bone script", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎgǔwén", "text": "甲骨文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "書同文，車同軌。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "书同文，车同轨。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Devanagari", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānchéngwén", "text": "天城文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["script; written form"], "links": [["script", "script"], ["written", "written"], ["form", "form"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "語"}], "categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Chinese", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "zhōngwén", "text": "中文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "English", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yīngwén", "text": "英文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["language"], "links": [["written", "written"], ["language", "language"]], "raw_glosses": ["(written) language"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "culture", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénhuà", "text": "文化", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilization", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénmíng", "text": "文明", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["culture"], "links": [["culture", "culture"]]}, {"glosses": ["liberal arts; humanities"], "links": [["liberal arts", "liberal arts"], ["humanities", "humanities"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "astronomy", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tiānwén", "text": "天文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "humanities; letters", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "rénwén", "text": "人文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["natural or social phenomenon"], "links": [["natural", "natural"], ["social", "social"], ["phenomenon", "phenomenon"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文縟節", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "fánwénrùjié", "text": "繁文缛节", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["ritual; etiquette"], "links": [["ritual", "ritual"], ["etiquette", "etiquette"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文職", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian post", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wénzhí", "text": "文职", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civil official", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénguān", "text": "文官", "type": "example"}, {"english": "civilian and military", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wénwǔ", "text": "文武", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian"], "links": [["government", "government"], ["position", "position"], ["non", "non"], ["military", "military"], ["civil", "civil"], ["civilian", "civilian"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "refined, cultured", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "sīwén", "text": "斯文", "type": "example"}, {"english": "elegant, refined", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wényǎ", "text": "文雅", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["gentle; refined"], "links": [["gentle", "gentle"], ["refined", "refined"]]}, {"glosses": ["47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"pattern, repetition\" (𝌴)"], "links": [["tetragram", "tetragram"], ["Taixuanjing", "Taixuanjing"], ["𝌴", "𝌴"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with archaic senses"], "glosses": ["Classifier for coins."], "links": [["coin", "coin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic) Classifier for coins."], "tags": ["archaic"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Pages using lite templates", "zh:Currency"], "examples": [{"english": "one mill", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yī wén", "text": "一文", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "links": [["numismatics", "numismatics"], ["mill", "mill"]], "raw_glosses": ["(numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "numismatics"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples", "zh:Telegraphy"], "examples": [{"english": "1938 Changsha fire", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wénxī Dàhuǒ", "text": "文夕大火", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["(telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"], "links": [["日", "日#Chinese"], ["telegraphy", "telegraphy"], ["twelfth", "twelfth"], ["day", "day"], ["month", "month"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wén Tiānxiáng", "text": "文天祥", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "wen²"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "вын"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "vɨn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "I"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bhung⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"zh-pron": "un²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "wún"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "wên²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "wén"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "вэнь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "vɛnʹ"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "wen"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "màhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "mán"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "man⁴⁻²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "men⁴⁻²"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "mun³"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "un⁴"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "vùn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "vun²"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "vun"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "veng¹"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "uǒ̤ng"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ùng"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mong²"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "muong²"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "mue²"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "bûn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "buun"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bûng"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ven^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³ven"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/vən²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "un²"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "mjun"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*mə[n]/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"}, {"other": "/ muong² /"}, {"ipa": "/wən³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/uən²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ᵐbun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/un³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/vəŋ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muoŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/muei¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²³/"}, {"ipa": "/bun²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/bun¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/vən²³/"}, {"ipa": "/u̯ən¹³/"}, {"other": "[n]"}, {"other": "/*mɯn/"}], "word": "文"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.