土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_number": 2, "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "dù, “root”", "word": "杜"}], "categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "links": [["杜", "杜#Chinese"], ["root", "root"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "zh:Rivers"], "glosses": ["An ancient river"], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) An ancient river"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "du⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "duh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ду"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "du"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "duX"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l'aːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/*l'aːʔ/"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys", "zh-pron usage missing POS"], "etymology_number": 3, "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Only used in 土苴 (chǎzhǎ)."], "links": [["土苴", "土苴#Chinese"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 土苴 (chǎzhǎ)."]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "chǎ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cha³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄔㄚˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "chǎ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "chǎ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chʻa³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chǎ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "chaa"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ча"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ča"}, {"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰä²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰä²¹⁴/"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys", "zh-pron usage missing POS"], "etymology_number": 4, "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Only used in 土門／土门 (Túmén)."], "links": [["土門", "土門#Chinese"], ["土门", "土门#Chinese"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "twu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁵/"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"antonyms": [{"roman": "yáng", "sense": "antonym(s) of “indigenous”", "word": "洋"}], "categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "derived": [{"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三合土"}, {"roman": "sānhétǔ", "word": "三和土"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治縣"}, {"roman": "Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn", "word": "五峰土家族自治县"}, {"word": "冥土"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "Běiměi tǔbōshǔ", "word": "北美土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "hòutǔ", "word": "后土"}, {"roman": "tǔrén", "word": "土人"}, {"word": "土俗"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ǒu", "word": "土偶"}, {"roman": "tǔbāozi", "word": "土包子"}, {"roman": "tǔfěi", "word": "土匪"}, {"word": "土名"}, {"roman": "tǔhāi", "word": "土嗨"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土器"}, {"word": "土國"}, {"word": "土国"}, {"word": "土地"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地廟"}, {"roman": "tǔdìmiào", "word": "土地庙"}, {"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé", "word": "土地改革"}, {"roman": "tǔkǎn", "word": "土坎"}, {"word": "土坎兒"}, {"word": "土坎儿"}, {"roman": "tǔpī", "word": "土坯"}, {"word": "土坡"}, {"word": "土坡兒"}, {"word": "土坡儿"}, {"roman": "tǔchéng", "word": "土城"}, {"roman": "Tǔchéngyuàn", "word": "土城垸"}, {"roman": "tǔgěng", "word": "土埂"}, {"word": "土塊"}, {"word": "土块"}, {"word": "土壘"}, {"word": "土垒"}, {"roman": "tǔrǎng", "word": "土壤"}, {"word": "土壩"}, {"word": "土坝"}, {"roman": "Tǔjiāzú", "word": "土家族"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土專家"}, {"roman": "tǔzhuānjiā", "word": "土专家"}, {"roman": "tǔbī", "word": "土屄"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土崗"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎng", "word": "土岗"}, {"roman": "tǔbēngwǎjiě", "word": "土崩瓦解"}, {"word": "土巴佬"}, {"roman": "tǔbù", "word": "土布"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土庫曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmàn", "word": "土库曼"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土庫曼斯坦"}, {"roman": "Tǔkùmànsītǎn", "word": "土库曼斯坦"}, {"word": "土建"}, {"word": "土得掉渣"}, {"roman": "tǔxìng", "word": "土性"}, {"roman": "tǔfáng", "word": "土房"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土撥鼠"}, {"roman": "tǔbōshǔ", "word": "土拨鼠"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土撥鼠日"}, {"roman": "Tǔbōshǔ Rì", "word": "土拨鼠日"}, {"roman": "tǔgǎi", "word": "土改"}, {"word": "土政策"}, {"roman": "tǔfāng", "word": "土方"}, {"word": "土方兒"}, {"word": "土方儿"}, {"roman": "Tǔzú", "word": "土族"}, {"roman": "Tǔxīng", "word": "土星"}, {"roman": "tǔmù", "word": "土木"}, {"word": "土木之變"}, {"word": "土木之变"}, {"word": "土木堡"}, {"roman": "tǔmù gōngchéng", "word": "土木工程"}, {"word": "土木形骸"}, {"word": "土模"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔqì", "word": "土气"}, {"roman": "tǔfǎ", "word": "土法"}, {"word": "土洋結合"}, {"word": "土洋结合"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土溫"}, {"roman": "tǔwēn", "word": "土温"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ào", "word": "土澳"}, {"roman": "tǔpào", "word": "土炮"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土牆"}, {"roman": "tǔqiáng", "word": "土墙"}, {"word": "土牛木馬"}, {"word": "土牛木马"}, {"word": "土牢"}, {"roman": "tǔwù", "word": "土物"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特產"}, {"roman": "tǔtèchǎn", "word": "土特产"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土長"}, {"roman": "tǔshēngtǔzhǎng", "word": "土生土长"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土產"}, {"roman": "tǔchǎn", "word": "土产"}, {"word": "土疙瘩"}, {"roman": "tǔhuángdì", "word": "土皇帝"}, {"word": "土石方"}, {"word": "土笛"}, {"word": "土糞"}, {"word": "土粪"}, {"word": "土紙"}, {"word": "土纸"}, {"word": "土老帽"}, {"word": "土老帽兒"}, {"word": "土老帽儿"}, {"word": "土老財"}, {"word": "土老财"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqí", "word": "土耳其"}, {"roman": "Tǔ'ěrqírén", "word": "土耳其人"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíwén", "word": "土耳其文"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其語"}, {"roman": "tǔ'ěrqíyǔ", "word": "土耳其语"}, {"roman": "tǔféi", "word": "土肥"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥氣"}, {"roman": "tǔxīngqì", "word": "土腥气"}, {"word": "土色"}, {"word": "土著"}, {"roman": "tǔzàng", "word": "土葬"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土裡土氣"}, {"roman": "tǔlitǔqì", "word": "土里土气"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土話"}, {"roman": "tǔhuà", "word": "土话"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土語"}, {"roman": "tǔyǔ", "word": "土语"}, {"roman": "tǔdòu", "word": "土豆"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆兒"}, {"roman": "tǔdòur", "word": "土豆儿"}, {"roman": "tǔdòuní", "word": "土豆泥"}, {"roman": "tǔháo", "word": "土豪"}, {"word": "土財主"}, {"word": "土财主"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土貨"}, {"roman": "tǔhuò", "word": "土货"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土質"}, {"roman": "tǔzhì", "word": "土质"}, {"roman": "tǔzào", "word": "土造"}, {"word": "土道"}, {"word": "土門"}, {"word": "土门"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土關埡"}, {"roman": "Tǔguānyà", "word": "土关垭"}, {"word": "土階茅茨"}, {"word": "土阶茅茨"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土雞"}, {"roman": "tǔjī", "word": "土鸡"}, {"word": "土雞國"}, {"word": "土鸡国"}, {"word": "土雞蛋"}, {"word": "土鸡蛋"}, {"word": "土霸王"}, {"roman": "tǔyīn", "word": "土音"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土頭土腦"}, {"roman": "tǔtóutǔnǎo", "word": "土头土脑"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鱉"}, {"roman": "tǔbiē", "word": "土鳖"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黃"}, {"roman": "tǔhuáng", "word": "土黄"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "塵土"}, {"roman": "chéntǔ", "word": "尘土"}, {"roman": "chénguīchén, tǔguītǔ", "word": "塵歸塵，土歸土 / 尘归尘，土归土"}, {"roman": "Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu", "word": "恩施土家族苗族自治州"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土機"}, {"roman": "wātǔjī", "word": "挖土机"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土機"}, {"roman": "juétǔjī", "word": "掘土机"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土機"}, {"roman": "tuītǔjī", "word": "推土机"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土難離"}, {"roman": "gùtǔnánlí", "word": "故土难离"}, {"roman": "Rìtǔ", "word": "日土"}, {"word": "有土栽培"}, {"roman": "běntǔ", "word": "本土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "樂土"}, {"roman": "lètǔ", "word": "乐土"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ", "word": "水土"}, {"word": "水土不伏"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔbùfú", "word": "水土不服"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ bǎochí", "word": "水土保持"}, {"roman": "shuǐtǔ liúshī", "word": "水土流失"}, {"roman": "wòtǔ", "word": "沃土"}, {"roman": "nítǔ", "word": "泥土"}, {"word": "混凝土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "淨土"}, {"roman": "jìngtǔ", "word": "净土"}, {"word": "無土栽培"}, {"word": "无土栽培"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "紅土"}, {"roman": "hóngtǔ", "word": "红土"}, {"roman": "lǎotǔ", "word": "老土"}, {"roman": "pî-thó͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "脾土"}, {"roman": "Chìtǔ", "word": "赤土"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "鏟土機"}, {"roman": "chǎntǔjī", "word": "铲土机"}, {"roman": "táotǔ", "word": "陶土"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黃土崗"}, {"roman": "Huángtǔgǎng", "word": "黄土岗"}, {"roman": "niántǔ", "word": "黏土"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "aav-pro", "2": "*tiʔ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-mnc-pro", "2": "*tiiʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; ground consisting of earth"}, "expansion": "Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ssm", "2": "tɛʔ", "3": "", "4": "soil; earth"}, "expansion": "Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "社", "2": "god of soil; altar to god of soil"}, "expansion": "社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPictogram (象形): a lump of clay either on the ground or on a potter’s wheel. See the bottom part of the original version of 生 and 丰. Then, the lump of clay was stylized as a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle perhaps to avoid confusion with other characters. Eventually, the black dot turned into a short horizontal stroke. Compare the top part of 土 with the ancient version of 十, which is a vertical stroke with a black dot in the middle.\nUnrelated to the top component of 夌, 走, and 周; also unrelated to the central component of 金 and the overall character 圭.\nThere is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).\nProbably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).", "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "mound; hillock", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔduī", "text": "土堆", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "這兒的土夠肥的。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The soil here is quite fertile.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "这儿的土够肥的。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["earth; soil"], "links": [["earth", "earth"], ["soil", "soil"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese dialectal terms"], "glosses": ["dust"], "links": [["dust", "dust"]], "raw_glosses": ["(dialectal) dust"], "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "國土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "guótǔ", "text": "国土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不讓", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to not give up a single inch of one's territory", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "cùntǔbùràng", "text": "寸土不让", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Under the wide heaven,\nAll is the king's land.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["land"], "links": [["land", "land"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "煙土", "type": "example"}, {"english": "crude opium", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "yāntǔ", "text": "烟土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["crude opium"], "links": [["crude", "crude"], ["opium", "opium"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "native land; native place", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǔ", "text": "故土", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["hometown; native place"], "links": [["hometown", "hometown"], ["native", "native"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "aboriginal", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔzhù", "text": "土著", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土話", "type": "example"}, {"english": "local dialect", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔhuà", "text": "土话", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["local; native; indigenous"], "links": [["local", "local"], ["native", "native"], ["indigenous", "indigenous"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我覺得東北話實在太土了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "我觉得东北话实在太土了。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured"], "links": [["rustic", "rustic"], ["unsophisticated", "unsophisticated"], ["uncouth", "uncouth"], ["vulgar", "vulgar"], ["tasteless", "tasteless"], ["uncultured", "uncultured"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔfǎ", "text": "土法", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土槍", "type": "example"}, {"english": "gun manufactured using indigenous methods", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "tǔ qiāng", "text": "土枪", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["indigenous; traditional and used by the common people"], "links": [["indigenous", "indigenous"], ["traditional", "traditional"], ["common", "common"]]}, {"glosses": ["the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"], "links": [["～族", "土族#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”", "word": "土耳其"}], "categories": ["Chinese short forms", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土戰爭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Russo-Turkish War", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "É Tǔ zhànzhēng", "text": "俄土战争", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”)."], "links": [["土耳其", "土耳其#Chinese"], ["Turkey", "Turkey"]], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "тў"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tw"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "tù"}, {"zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "thó͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "dou⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tʻu³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tuu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ту"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tóu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "tou²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hu²"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "thú"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "tu³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "tu^ˊ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "tu²"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tǔ"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "tù"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "thóo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "tor"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "thóu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tŏu"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "thu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²thu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "tou³"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "thuX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/hu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔu³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰou⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/tou³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰu³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰəu̯⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*tʰˤaʔ/"}, {"other": "/*l̥ʰaːʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"sense": "earth", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "土拉"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥巴"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cô Tô", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Qiaogang - Cát Bà", "sense": "earth", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Fangcheng", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fangchenggang"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Móng Cái"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xingning"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "earth", "word": "Huidong"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "earth", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changting"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "earth", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "那泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Songxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jianyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wuyishan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "塗"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "earth", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingtan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Minqing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiapu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zherong"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tong'an"], "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nan'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shishi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hui'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Anxi"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dehua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"alt": "Longhai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hua'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yunxiao"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Dongshan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Kinmen"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Datian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"alt": "Chenghai", "sense": "earth", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "earth", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛糊泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "硬爛泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "淖泥"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "爛污泥兒"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Xiangxiang"}, {"sense": "earth", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坱"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beijing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiwan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "𡋯土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chifeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailar"], "word": "Hulunbuir"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Heihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qiqihar"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Harbin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiamusi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baicheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵搭灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tonghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shenyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianjin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tangshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂土"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shijiazhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dalian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dandong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Muping"], "word": "Yantai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingdao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingbao"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wanrong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linfen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shangqiu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yuanyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baihe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xi'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰纖"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baoji"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xining"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yinchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dunhuang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hami"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ürümqi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chengdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zigong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "揚塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chongqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yichang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiangyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tianmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zunyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bijie"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaotong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dali"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kunming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Mengzi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lingui"], "word": "Guilin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳塵"}, {"alt": "Luorong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liuzhou"}, {"alt": "Wuming", "sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jishou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hanzhong"}, {"alt": "Maliba", "sense": "dust", "word": "Dagudi"}, {"alt": "Longling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Reshuitang"}, {"alt": "Lancang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Salong"}, {"alt": "Tengchong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mae Sai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanjing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "堂灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianyungang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nantong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Anqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "屯灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hefei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "San Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Kam Tin; Weitou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Ting Kok", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"alt": "Tung Ping Chau", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hong Kong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Macau"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panyu"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huadu", "Huashan"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Zengcheng"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shunde"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanshui"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Gaoming", "Mingcheng"], "word": "Foshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shiqi"], "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Xiangzhou", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianshan"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"alt": "Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Doumen"], "word": "Zhuhai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Baisha"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xinhui"], "word": "Jiangmen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taishan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chikan"], "word": "Kaiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Niujiang"], "word": "Enping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yayao"], "word": "Heshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Bao'an", "Shajing"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fogang"}, {"alt": "Hanguang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yingde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangshan"}, {"alt": "Butian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"alt": "Qingshui; Sihui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"alt": "Qujiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shaoguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Renhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lechang"}, {"alt": "Gaoyao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhaoqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sihui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guangning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Deqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Huaiji"}, {"alt": "Nanfeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fengkai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yunfu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinxing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoding"}, {"alt": "Pingtai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yunan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yulin"}, {"alt": "Lianzhou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"alt": "Shatian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Hepu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "蚊塵"}, {"english": "Mule", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guiping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Mengshan"}, {"alt": "Gangcheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Nanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Pingdong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guigang"}, {"alt": "Tangliao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Baise"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Bobai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pubei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Nankang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"alt": "Yingpan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beihai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Nanchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lichuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingxiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Meixian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xihe"], "word": "Dabu"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"english": "Daling", "sense": "dust", "word": "Huidong"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingxi"], "word": "Dongguan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shatoujiao"], "word": "Shenzhen"}, {"alt": "Wuguishan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Nanlang Heshui", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Shuizhai", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Huacheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Changbu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Mianyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuhua"}, {"alt": "Bendihua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Heyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wengyuan"}, {"alt": "Xiaosanjiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lianshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liannan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Conghua", "Lütian"], "word": "Guangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jiexi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xiuzhuan"], "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changting"}, {"alt": "Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Xiayang, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Gaobei, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"alt": "Hukeng, Yongding", "sense": "dust", "word": "Longyan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Yanqian"], "word": "Wuping"}, {"alt": "Pingyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Wuping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Peitian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Juxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Zhongbao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"alt": "Laiyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Liancheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ninghua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Qingliu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yudu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningdu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ruijin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shicheng"}, {"alt": "Shexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Shangyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sandu"], "word": "Tonggu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Panlong"], "word": "Ganzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Dayu"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tangkou"], "word": "Yangxi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sanjia"], "word": "Yangchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Sihe"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qianpai"], "word": "Xinyi"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xindong"], "word": "Gaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dianbai", "Shalang"], "word": "Maoming"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Xin'an"], "word": "Huazhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Shijiao"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Qingping"], "word": "Lianjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塵煙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "泥煙"}, {"alt": "Daqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Luchuan"}, {"alt": "Tang'an", "sense": "dust", "word": "Beiliu"}, {"alt": "Pianlian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Mashan"}, {"alt": "Longchuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sabah"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dabu"], "word": "Kuala Lumpur"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Huiyang"], "word": "Senai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Singkawang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Meixian"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"alt": "Fengshun", "sense": "dust", "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Jiexi"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shexian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taiyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yangyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datong"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xinzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lishi"], "word": "Lüliang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changzhi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linhe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hohhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Erenhot"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pingshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangjiakou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Handan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Linzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suide"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Dikou", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jian'ou"}, {"alt": "Zhenqian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhenghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙腸苦"}, {"alt": "Shibei", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pucheng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉"}, {"alt": "Changle", "sense": "dust", "word": "Fuzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuqing"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongtai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Gutian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fu'an"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "煙霧"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningde"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhouning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fuding"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塕埃"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Matsu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xiamen"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "風飛沙"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Quanzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinjiang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yongchun"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Changtai"], "word": "Zhangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Pinghe"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangpu"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhao'an"}, {"alt": "Wanhua", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉"}, {"alt": "Tamsui", "sense": "dust", "word": "New Taipei"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Cijin", "sense": "dust", "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"alt": "Siaogang", "sense": "dust", "tags": ["Dalinpu"], "word": "Kaohsiung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗粉仔"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"alt": "Toucheng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Yilan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Lukang"], "word": "Changhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "沙粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗沙"}, {"alt": "Wuqi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Taichung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"alt": "Anping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Tainan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Taitung"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hsinchu"}, {"alt": "Magong", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"alt": "Xiyu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Penghu"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"alt": "Yongfu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhangping"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Datian"}, {"alt": "Shangdu", "sense": "dust", "word": "Pingnan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Chaozhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shantou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jieyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Bangkok"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Johor Bahru"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Leizhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塗灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Haikou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Putian"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Yong'an"}, {"alt": "Sanyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Shaxian", "sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"alt": "Longdu, Shaxi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"alt": "Sanxiang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Zhongshan"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Tingzi"], "word": "Nanning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塵"}, {"alt": "Xinqiao", "sense": "dust", "word": "Binyang"}, {"alt": "Dahe", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Chaoyang", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Zhuyuan", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guilin"}, {"alt": "Tanxia", "sense": "dust", "word": "Lingchuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Luoyuan"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Sanming"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shunchang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "擸𢶍粉"}, {"alt": "Zhangping", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guixi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Cangnan"}, {"alt": "Hexi", "sense": "dust", "word": "Jingning"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火煤塵"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Lishui"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "火灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Longyou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "灰粉"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Fengshun"}, {"alt": "Gaofeng", "sense": "dust", "word": "Guzhang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "tags": ["Chongming"], "word": "Shanghai"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Suzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Danyang"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hangzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Ningbo"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "塳灰"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Wenzhou"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "坌塕"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Jinhua"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Changsha"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Loudi"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"sense": "dust", "word": "Hengyang"}, {"roman": "tǔdì", "sense": "land", "word": "土地"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家鄉"}, {"roman": "jiāxiāng", "word": "家乡"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故國"}, {"roman": "gùguó", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故国"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故園"}, {"roman": "gùyuán", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "故园"}, {"roman": "gùtǔ", "word": "故土"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故鄉"}, {"roman": "gùxiāng", "word": "故乡"}, {"roman": "gùlǐ", "word": "故里"}, {"roman": "lǎojiā", "word": "老家"}, {"tags": ["Hakka"], "word": "老屋"}, {"word": "鄉下"}, {"word": "乡下"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "鄉土"}, {"roman": "xiāngtǔ", "word": "乡土"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngzǐ", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡梓"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "鄉關"}, {"roman": "xiāngguān", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "乡关"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "鄉黨"}, {"roman": "xiāngdǎng", "tags": ["Classical"], "word": "乡党"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_number": 2, "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "dù, “root”", "word": "杜"}], "categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "links": [["杜", "杜#Chinese"], ["root", "root"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "zh:Rivers"], "glosses": ["An ancient river"], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) An ancient river"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "du⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "duh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ду"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "du"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "duX"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l'aːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/*l'aːʔ/"}], "word": "土"}
土 (Chinese character) 土/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 土", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys"], "etymology_number": 2, "forms": [{"form": "士"}, {"form": "圡"}, {"form": "𡈽"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "土", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "dù, “root”", "word": "杜"}], "categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Before the sky was dark with rain,\nI gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,\nAnd bound round and round my window and door.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "links": [["杜", "杜#Chinese"], ["root", "root"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "zh:Rivers"], "glosses": ["An ancient river"], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) An ancient river"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "du⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "dù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "duh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ду"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "du"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "duX"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*l'aːʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/tu⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/*l'aːʔ/"}], "word": "土"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.