匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
匠 (Chinese character) 匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 匠", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "一代宗匠"}, {"word": "丁匠"}, {"word": "刀匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃頭匠"}, {"roman": "tìtóujiàng", "word": "剃头匠"}, {"word": "劣匠"}, {"roman": "jiàngrén", "word": "匠人"}, {"word": "匠作"}, {"word": "匠伯"}, {"word": "匠師"}, {"word": "匠师"}, {"roman": "jiàngxīn", "word": "匠心"}, {"word": "匠意"}, {"word": "匠成"}, {"word": "匠戶"}, {"word": "匠户"}, {"word": "匠氏"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠氣"}, {"roman": "jiàngqì", "word": "匠气"}, {"roman": "jiàngshí", "word": "匠石"}, {"word": "匣匠"}, {"word": "哲匠"}, {"word": "大匠"}, {"word": "大匠不斲"}, {"word": "字匠"}, {"roman": "zōngjiàng", "word": "宗匠"}, {"word": "將作大匠"}, {"word": "将作大匠"}, {"word": "將匠"}, {"word": "将匠"}, {"word": "小爐兒匠"}, {"word": "小炉儿匠"}, {"roman": "gōngjiàng", "word": "工匠"}, {"roman": "jùjiàng", "word": "巨匠"}, {"roman": "qiǎojiàng", "word": "巧匠"}, {"word": "帖匠"}, {"word": "帽匠"}, {"word": "弓匠"}, {"word": "心匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "意匠"}, {"word": "把式匠"}, {"word": "接骨匠"}, {"word": "摟包兒匠"}, {"word": "搂包儿匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教書匠"}, {"roman": "jiāoshūjiàng", "word": "教书匠"}, {"roman": "mùjiàng", "word": "木匠"}, {"word": "桶匠"}, {"word": "梓匠"}, {"word": "梓匠輪輿"}, {"word": "梓匠轮舆"}, {"roman": "péngjiang", "word": "棚匠"}, {"word": "機匠"}, {"word": "机匠"}, {"word": "毛毛匠"}, {"word": "法匠"}, {"roman": "níshuǐjiàng", "word": "泥水匠"}, {"word": "油漆匠"}, {"roman": "níwǎjiàng", "word": "泥瓦匠"}, {"word": "漆匠"}, {"word": "理髮匠"}, {"word": "理发匠"}, {"roman": "wǎjiàng", "word": "瓦匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "甕子匠"}, {"roman": "wèngzǐjiàng", "word": "瓮子匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "畫匠"}, {"roman": "huàjiàng", "word": "画匠"}, {"roman": "píjiàng", "word": "皮匠"}, {"word": "石匠"}, {"word": "筆匠"}, {"word": "笔匠"}, {"roman": "mièjiàng", "word": "篾匠"}, {"word": "繡匠"}, {"word": "绣匠"}, {"roman": "chòupíjiàng", "word": "臭皮匠"}, {"roman": "chuánjiàng", "word": "船匠"}, {"roman": "liángjiàng", "word": "良匠"}, {"roman": "huājiàng", "word": "花匠"}, {"word": "衣匠"}, {"roman": "biǎohújiàng", "word": "裱糊匠"}, {"word": "解匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "譯匠"}, {"roman": "yìjiàng", "word": "译匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "車匠"}, {"roman": "chējiàng", "word": "车匠"}, {"word": "軍匠"}, {"word": "军匠"}, {"word": "郢匠"}, {"word": "郢匠揮斤"}, {"word": "郢匠挥斤"}, {"word": "都料匠"}, {"word": "醫匠"}, {"word": "医匠"}, {"roman": "jīnjiàng", "word": "金匠"}, {"word": "針筆匠"}, {"word": "针笔匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "銅匠"}, {"roman": "tóngjiàng", "word": "铜匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "銀匠"}, {"roman": "yínjiàng", "word": "银匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "錫匠"}, {"roman": "xījiàng", "word": "锡匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "鎖匠"}, {"roman": "suǒjiàng", "word": "锁匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "鐵匠"}, {"roman": "tiějiàng", "word": "铁匠"}, {"roman": "táojiàng", "word": "陶匠"}, {"word": "雕刻匠"}, {"roman": "xuējiàng", "word": "靴匠"}, {"roman": "xiéjiàng", "word": "鞋匠"}, {"word": "香匠"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "tai-swe-pro", "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²", "bor": "1", "t": "artisan; skillful"}, "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "ช่าง"}, "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nod", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "kkh", "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "lo", "2": "ຊ່າງ"}, "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "khb", "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"}, "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "shn", "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"}, "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "phk", "2": "ꩡင်"}, "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"}, {"depth": 2, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "aho", "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"}, "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "za", "2": "cangh", "bor": "1", "t": "someone in a particular profession"}, "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ជាង", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "ls": "ic", "nocap": "1", "t1": "box", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"}, "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "匚", "2": "斤", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t2": "axe"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བྱང", "3": "", "4": "skilled"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Bodman, 1980"}, "expansion": "Bodman, 1980", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"}, "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "匚"}, "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"}, "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "och", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Old Chinese", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "mkh"}, "expansion": "Mon-Khmer", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "ចាំង", "3": "", "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"}, "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Jacques (2015)"}, "expansion": "Jacques (2015)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit"}, "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "མཛངས", "3": "", "4": "wise; intelligent"}, "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "臧", "2": "good", "tr": "*tsˤaŋ"}, "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.", "forms": [{"form": "匞"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "匠", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["craftsman; artisan; workman"], "links": [["craftsman", "craftsman"], ["artisan", "artisan"], ["workman", "workman"]]}, {"glosses": ["master"], "links": [["master", "master"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chiōng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cion⁷"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiàng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyàng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jianq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзян"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjan"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "giang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jeuhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "siong"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "xiong"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jion³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "tiōng"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "chióng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chviu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chvioi"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Tainan"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/", "tags": ["Changtai", "Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siūnn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sviu"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Hui'an"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiang"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "siāng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "siang"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tsiōng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ciong"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tsiăng"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "qio¹"}, {"zh-pron": "jiang⁶"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "zian⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "dzjangH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"}, {"other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"}, {"other": "/ chhiāng /"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/siũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/chhiōⁿ/"}, {"other": "/chhiāng/"}, {"other": "/ cion⁷ /"}, {"other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"}, {"other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*sbaŋs/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen"], "word": "匠"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.