abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag North-Korea not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-Ireland not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
abuse (English noun) abuse/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms prefixed with ab-", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Rhymes:English/uːs", "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/uːz", "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "en:Violence"], "derived": [{"word": "abuse excuse"}, {"word": "abuseful"}, {"word": "abusefully"}, {"word": "abuseless"}, {"word": "abusement"}, {"word": "abuse of discretion"}, {"word": "abuse of distress"}, {"word": "abuse of notation"}, {"word": "abuse of process"}, {"word": "alcohol abuse"}, {"word": "antiabuse"}, {"word": "child abuse"}, {"word": "dog's abuse"}, {"word": "drug abuse"}, {"word": "elder abuse"}, {"word": "overabuse"}, {"word": "polyabuse"}, {"word": "racket abuse"}, {"word": "re-abuse"}, {"word": "ritual abuse"}, {"word": "satanic ritual abuse"}, {"word": "self-abuse"}, {"word": "sex abuse"}, {"word": "sexual abuse"}, {"word": "solvent abuse"}, {"word": "substance abuse"}, {"word": "tech abuse"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abusen"}, "expansion": "Middle English abusen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "abus", "4": "", "5": "improper use"}, "expansion": "Old French abus (“improper use”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abūsus", "4": "", "5": "misused, using up"}, "expansion": "Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ab", "3": "use"}, "expansion": "ab- + use", "name": "prefix"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.", "forms": [{"form": "abuses", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧use"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "type": "example"}, {"text": "All abuse, whether physical, verbal, psychological or sexual, is bad.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1948, W. R. Inge, The End of an Age and Other Essays:", "text": "Dickens was careful to castigate abuses which were being reformed.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom."], "links": [["Improper", "improper"], ["treatment", "treatment"], ["usage", "usage"], ["purpose", "purpose"], ["unjust", "unjust"], ["corrupt", "corrupt"], ["wrongful", "wrongful"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusage"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1788, James Madison, Federalist, Number 63:", "text": "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:", "text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Misuse; improper use; perversion."], "links": [["Misuse", "misuse"], ["perversion", "perversion"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act IV, scene VII:", "text": "Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "links": [["delusion", "delusion"], ["imposture", "imposture"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A delusion; an imposture; misrepresentation; deception."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:", "text": "The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:", "text": "But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:", "text": "The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies."], "links": [["Coarse", "coarse"], ["insulting", "insulting"], ["abusive", "abusive"], ["vilifies", "vilifies"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "invective"}, {"word": "contumely"}, {"word": "reproach"}, {"word": "scurrility"}, {"word": "insult"}, {"word": "opprobrium"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Catachresis."], "links": [["Catachresis", "catachresis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(now rare) Catachresis."], "synonyms": [{"word": "abusio"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment."], "links": [["Physical", "physical"], ["injury", "injury"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Violation; defilement; rape; forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another, often on a repeated basis."], "links": [["undesired", "undesired"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/əˈbjuːs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "əbyo͞os'", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjus/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-abuse-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-abuse-noun.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/əˈbjʉs/", "tags": ["Northern-Ireland", "Scotland"]}, {"rhymes": "-uːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭuḡyān", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "طُغْيَان"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ẓulm", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ظُلْم"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jawr", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "جَوْر"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taʕassuf", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "تَعَسُّف"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "väärinkäytös"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "piknaudžiavimas"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "durupayōgaṁ", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "ദുരുപയോഗം"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "corrupt practice", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "corrupt practice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"alt": "isāʔa(t) istiḵdām", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "اِسَاءَة اِسْتِخْدَام"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sūʔ esteḵdām", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "سوء استخدام"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʻarašahum", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "չարաշահում"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "sui-istifadə"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zlaŭžýtak", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "злаўжы́так"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zloŭžyvánnje", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоўжыва́нне"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zloupotréba", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "злоупотре́ба"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abús"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànquán", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫權 /滥权"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lànyòng", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用 /滥用"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "misbrug"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "vanrøgt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "väärinkäyttö"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "katáchrisi", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κατάχρηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "nitzúl l'rá'a", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ניצול לרעה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "durūpyog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "दुरूपयोग"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "visszaélés"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"alt": "らんよう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "ran'yō", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "濫用"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "namyong", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "남용"}, {"alt": "濫用", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ramyong", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "람용"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abūsiō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "penyalahgunaan"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abbuż"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "raukotinga"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine", "neuter"], "word": "misbruk"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "nadużycie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "abuz"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zloupotreblénije", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "злоупотребле́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "злоупотреба"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zloupotreba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "missbruk"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zlovžyvánnja", "sense": "improper usage", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "зловжива́ння"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "improper usage", "word": "migeb"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "masabba", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "مَسَبَّة"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šatīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "شَتِيمَة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetīma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتيمة"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šetma", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine"], "word": "شتمة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "viravorankʻ", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "վիրավորանք"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "abráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "абра́за"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oskǎrblénie", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскърбле́ние"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rǔmà, rùmà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "辱罵 /辱骂"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhòumà", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "咒罵 /咒骂"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "beschimpingen"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "solvaus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "herjaus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "insulte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "offense"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "injure"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beschimpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schmähung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Beleidigung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vrisiés", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "βρισιές"}, {"alt": "λεκτική", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hishtalkhút", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "השתלחות"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "apśabd", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "अपशब्द"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गाली"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tarcaisne"}, {"alt": "ぶじょく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bujoku", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "侮辱"}, {"alt": "侮辱", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "moyok", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "모욕"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "sveņtēt"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lomuot"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "probrum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "lamāt"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "navreda", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "навреда"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "whakamanioro"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "kaioraora"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "utskjelling"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "došnâm", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "دشنام"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "obraza"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zniewaga"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuz verbal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "jignire verbală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "ofensă verbală"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oskorblénije", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "оскорбле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "branʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "брань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rúganʹ", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ру́гань"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obída", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "оби́да"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "càineadh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trod"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cronachadh"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "uvreda"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "urážka"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "insulting speech", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "obráza", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обра́за"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lájka", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ла́йка"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gālī", "sense": "insulting speech", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "گالی"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔīḏāʔ jasadiyy", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "إِيذَاء جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔizāʔ gasadi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "إيذاء جسدي"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjek", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "здзек"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zdzjékvannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "здзе́кванне"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "jénčannje", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "е́нчанне"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nüèdài", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandeling"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pahoinpitely"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Misshandlung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakometacheírisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακομεταχείριση"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hit'al'lút", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התעללות"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "misþyrming"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza"}, {"alt": "ぎゃくたい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "gyakutai", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "虐待"}, {"alt": "虐待", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hakdae", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "학대"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contumēlia"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "penderaan"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "tūkino ha"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "kaikino"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "whakakinonga"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "sexual (see below)", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "rurerurenga"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "atéʼélʼí"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mishandling"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "znęcanie się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violență"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuz fizic"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "izdevátelʹstvo", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "издева́тельство"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "istjazánije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "истяза́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žestókoje obraščénije", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "жесто́кое обраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "napádki", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "напа́дки"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "злостављање"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "zlostavljanje"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "misshandel"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "word": "pagmamalupit"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "narúha", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "нару́га"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znuščánnja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "знуща́ння"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "žorstóke povódžennja", "sense": "physical maltreatment", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "жорсто́ке пово́дження"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intihāk jasadiyy", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "اِنْتِهَاك جَسَدِيّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "seṙakan otnjgutʻyun", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "սեռական ոտնձգություն"}, {"alt": "ост.", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iznasílvane", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "изнаси́лване"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "zneužití"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "seksuelt misbrug"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "misbruik"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "hyväksikäyttö"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "seksuaalinen väkivalta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "viol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Missbrauch"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kakopoíisi", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "κακοποίηση"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "t'kifá minít", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "תקיפה מינית"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sessuale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "violenza carnale"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "taitōkai"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "voldtekt"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "molestowanie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "violență sexuală"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuz sexual"}, {"alt": "сексуа́льное", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nasílije", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "наси́лие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abuso sexual"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "abuso"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "sexual violation or assault", "word": "panggagahasa"}], "word": "abuse"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.