abject (English adj) abject/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English archaic terms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English transitive verbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abjectification"}, {"word": "abjectify"}, {"word": "abjectly"}, {"word": "abjectness"}, {"word": "nonabject"}, {"word": "unabject"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₂epó"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "adjective"}, "expansion": "adjective", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abiect"}, "expansion": "Middle English abiect", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "abject"}, "expansion": "Middle French abject", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "abject"}, "expansion": "French abject", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "etymon"}, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abiectus", "t": "abandoned; cast aside"}, "expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "perfect"}, "expansion": "perfect", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "passive"}, "expansion": "passive", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "participle"}, "expansion": "participle", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-", "t": "to throw"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "it", "2": "abiecto"}, "expansion": "Italian abiecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "LL.", "2": "abiectus", "pos": "noun", "t": "humble or poor person"}, "expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "es", "2": "abjecto"}, "expansion": "Spanish abjecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto", "forms": [{"form": "abjecter", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "more abject", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "abjectest", "tags": ["superlative"]}, {"form": "most abject", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "er", "2": "more"}, "expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)", "name": "en-adj"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧ject"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [{"word": "abjection"}, {"tags": ["obsolete", "rare"], "word": "abjective"}], "senses": [{"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC:", "text": "These whelpes of the first lytter of gentilitie, these exhalations, drawen vp to the heauen of honour from the dunghill of abiect fortune, haue long been on horsebacke to come riding to your diuellship; but, I know not how, lyke Saint George, they are alwaies mounted but neuer moue.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Twelfth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, pages 206–207:", "text": "VVhen as thoſe fallovv Deere, and huge-hancht Stags that graz'd / Vpon her ſhaggy Heaths, the paſſenger amaz'd / To ſee their mighty Heards, vvith high-palmd heads to threat / The vvoods of o'regrovvne Oakes; as though they meant to ſet / Their hornes to th'others heights. / But novv, both thoſe and theſe / Are by vile gaine deuour'd: So abiect are our daies.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 305–313:", "text": "[W]ith fierce Winds Orion arm'd / Hath vext the Red-Sea Coaſt, whoſe waves orethrew / Buſiris and his Memphian Chivalrie, / While with perfidious hatred they purſu'd / The Sojourners of Goſhen, who beheld / From the ſafe ſhore their floating Carkaſes / And broken Chariot Wheels, ſo thick beſtrown / Abject and loſt lay theſe, covering the Flood, / Under amazement of their hideous change.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 18, lines 168–170:", "text": "By hovv much from the top of vvondrous glory, / Strongeſt of mortal men, / To lovveſt pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1751 December (indicated as 1752), Henry Fielding, “Containing Matters that Require No Preface”, in Amelia, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book V, page 129:", "text": "Do you think, my dear Mrs. James, if the Tables had been turned, if my Fortune had been as high in the World as yours, and you in my Diſtreſs and abject Condition, that I would not have climbed as high as the Monument to viſit you?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 119:", "text": "The wide dominion of the Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. Nothing more than a nominal dignity was left to the abject heirs of an illustrious name, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16:", "text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."], "links": [["Existing", "exist#Verb"], ["sunk", "sink#Verb"], ["low", "low#Adjective"], ["condition", "condition#Noun"], ["position", "position#Noun"], ["state", "state#Noun"], ["contemptible", "contemptible"], ["despicable", "despicable"], ["miserable", "miserable"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "degraded"}, {"tags": ["archaic"], "word": "demiss"}, {"word": "ignoble"}, {"word": "mean"}, {"word": "vile"}, {"word": "wretched"}, {"word": "worthless"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, footnote *, page 527:", "text": "Lord Howard of Escrick accused [John] Ayloffe of proposing to assassinate the Duke of York; but Lord Howard was an abject liar; and this story was not part of his original confession, but was added afterwards by way of supplement, and therefore deserves no credit whatever.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 45:", "text": "I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Complete; downright; utter."], "links": [["Complete", "complete#Adjective"], ["downright", "downright#Adjective"], ["utter", "utter#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."], "raw_tags": ["with a negative connotation"], "synonyms": [{"word": "out-and-out"}, {"word": "unmitigated"}, {"word": "total"}], "tags": ["broadly"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “ACONITUM, Wolf’s-bane”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:", "text": "The Roots of this Plant [healing wolfsbane (Aconitum anthora)] increaſe abundantly, ſoon overrunning a large Piece of Ground, therefore ſhould be confin'd in ſome abject Part of the Garden, or planted under Trees, it being very hardy, and growing in almoſt every Soil or Situation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "links": [["nearby", "nearby"], ["area", "area"], ["low-lying", "low-lying"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "tags": ["broadly", "rare"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 209, column 2:", "text": "Oh Noble Lord, bethinke thee of thy birth, / Call home thy ancient thoughts from baniſhment, / And baniſh hence theſe abiect lovvlie dreames: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 137, column 2:", "text": "O that I vvere a God, to ſhoot forth Thunder / Vpon theſe paltry, ſeruile, abiect Drudges: / Small things make baſe men proud.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1642, [Thomas Browne], “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, section 7, pages 149–150:", "text": "[T]hoſe common and quotidian infirmities that ſo neceſſarily attend me, and doe ſeeme to be my very nature, have ſo dejected me, ſo broken the eſtimation that I ſhould have othervviſe of my ſelf, that I repute my ſelfe the moſt abjecteſt piece of mortality: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1710 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Whig-Examiner: No. 5. Thursday, October 12. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 352:", "text": "Honeſt men who tell their Sovereigns what they expect from them, and what obedience they ſhall be always ready to pay them, are not upon an equal foot with ſuch baſe and abject flatterers; and are therefore always in danger of being the laſt in the Royal favour.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Dr. Lewis”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 160:", "text": "Indeed, I know nothing ſo abject as the behaviour of a man canvaſſing for a ſeat in parliament— […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 202:", "text": "To ſtrike any perſon, even in the moſt abject condition, was a thing in a manner unknown, and would be highly diſgraceful.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 405:", "text": "Every rich and goodnatured lord was pestered by authors with a mendicancy so importunate, and a flattery so abject, as may in our time seem incredible.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228:", "text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1931 February 9, William Faulkner, chapter II, in Sanctuary (The Modern Library of the World’s Best Books; no. 61), New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1962, →OCLC, page 12:", "text": "Benbow watched Goodwin seat the old man in a chair, where he sat obediently with that tentative and abject eagerness of a man who has but one pleasure left and whom the world can reach only through one sense, for he was both blind and deaf: a short man with a bald skull and a round, full-fleshed, rosy face in which his cataracted eyes looked like two clots of phlegm.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."], "links": [["person", "person#Noun"], ["cast down", "cast down"], ["hope", "hope#Noun"], ["spirit", "spirit#Noun"], ["showing", "show#Verb"], ["helplessness", "helplessness"], ["hopelessness", "hopelessness"], ["resignation", "resignation"], ["grovelling", "grovelling#Adjective"], ["ingratiating", "ingratiating#Adjective"], ["servile", "servile"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "beggarly"}, {"word": "cringing"}, {"word": "slavish"}]}, {"categories": ["English nominalized adjectives", "English terms with quotations", "en:Sociology"], "examples": [{"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59:", "text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Marginalized as deviant."], "links": [["sociology", "sociology"], ["Marginalized", "marginalize"], ["deviant", "deviant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."], "tags": ["noun-from-verb", "usually"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg"}, {"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hor", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "ankac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "անկած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cʻac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ցած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "mrguz", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "մրգուզ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "binəva"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "miskin"}, {"code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "dukhá"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizvergnat", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "низвергнат"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrlen", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "отхвърлен"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lángdāng", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "郎當 /郎当"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "moedeloos"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "alhainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fangeux"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "misérable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "damcirebuli", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "დამცირებული"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ubadruḳi", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "უბადრუკი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "armselig"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "erniedrigt"}, {"code": "de", "english": "poverty", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "bitter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "verächtlich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "अदना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aljas"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "csapnivaló"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekta"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abietto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "浅ましい"}, {"alt": "あさしい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "asamashii", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "あさましい"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "miserabilis"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hēan"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hnāh"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "forumâye", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "فرومایه"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["past"], "word": "پست"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "xvâr", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خوار"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjeto"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ignóbil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fărădelege"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "josnic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "mizerabil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "nemernic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ticălos"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "unížennyj", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "уни́женный"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žálkij", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "жа́лкий"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "suarach"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "jadan"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "јадан"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abyecto"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "marawal"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aşağılanmış"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hakir"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "zelil"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ادنیٰ"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "gwael"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dolen", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "долен"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "низък"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "žalǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "жалък"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "卑怯"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "diepgezonken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "ellendig"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "méprisable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sulmdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "სულმდაბალი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "elend"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "jämmerlich"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "kläglich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abbietto"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abjectus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "aşağılık"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "gelaten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hjelpeløs"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smirénnyj", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "смире́нный"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "beznadan"}], "word": "abject"}
abject (English adj) abject/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English archaic terms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English transitive verbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abjectification"}, {"word": "abjectify"}, {"word": "abjectly"}, {"word": "abjectness"}, {"word": "nonabject"}, {"word": "unabject"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₂epó"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "adjective"}, "expansion": "adjective", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abiect"}, "expansion": "Middle English abiect", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "abject"}, "expansion": "Middle French abject", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "abject"}, "expansion": "French abject", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "etymon"}, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abiectus", "t": "abandoned; cast aside"}, "expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "perfect"}, "expansion": "perfect", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "passive"}, "expansion": "passive", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "participle"}, "expansion": "participle", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-", "t": "to throw"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "it", "2": "abiecto"}, "expansion": "Italian abiecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "LL.", "2": "abiectus", "pos": "noun", "t": "humble or poor person"}, "expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "es", "2": "abjecto"}, "expansion": "Spanish abjecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto", "forms": [{"form": "abjecter", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "more abject", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "abjectest", "tags": ["superlative"]}, {"form": "most abject", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "er", "2": "more"}, "expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)", "name": "en-adj"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧ject"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [{"word": "abjection"}, {"tags": ["obsolete", "rare"], "word": "abjective"}], "senses": [{"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC:", "text": "These whelpes of the first lytter of gentilitie, these exhalations, drawen vp to the heauen of honour from the dunghill of abiect fortune, haue long been on horsebacke to come riding to your diuellship; but, I know not how, lyke Saint George, they are alwaies mounted but neuer moue.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Twelfth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, pages 206–207:", "text": "VVhen as thoſe fallovv Deere, and huge-hancht Stags that graz'd / Vpon her ſhaggy Heaths, the paſſenger amaz'd / To ſee their mighty Heards, vvith high-palmd heads to threat / The vvoods of o'regrovvne Oakes; as though they meant to ſet / Their hornes to th'others heights. / But novv, both thoſe and theſe / Are by vile gaine deuour'd: So abiect are our daies.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 305–313:", "text": "[W]ith fierce Winds Orion arm'd / Hath vext the Red-Sea Coaſt, whoſe waves orethrew / Buſiris and his Memphian Chivalrie, / While with perfidious hatred they purſu'd / The Sojourners of Goſhen, who beheld / From the ſafe ſhore their floating Carkaſes / And broken Chariot Wheels, ſo thick beſtrown / Abject and loſt lay theſe, covering the Flood, / Under amazement of their hideous change.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 18, lines 168–170:", "text": "By hovv much from the top of vvondrous glory, / Strongeſt of mortal men, / To lovveſt pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1751 December (indicated as 1752), Henry Fielding, “Containing Matters that Require No Preface”, in Amelia, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book V, page 129:", "text": "Do you think, my dear Mrs. James, if the Tables had been turned, if my Fortune had been as high in the World as yours, and you in my Diſtreſs and abject Condition, that I would not have climbed as high as the Monument to viſit you?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 119:", "text": "The wide dominion of the Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. Nothing more than a nominal dignity was left to the abject heirs of an illustrious name, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16:", "text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."], "links": [["Existing", "exist#Verb"], ["sunk", "sink#Verb"], ["low", "low#Adjective"], ["condition", "condition#Noun"], ["position", "position#Noun"], ["state", "state#Noun"], ["contemptible", "contemptible"], ["despicable", "despicable"], ["miserable", "miserable"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "degraded"}, {"tags": ["archaic"], "word": "demiss"}, {"word": "ignoble"}, {"word": "mean"}, {"word": "vile"}, {"word": "wretched"}, {"word": "worthless"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, footnote *, page 527:", "text": "Lord Howard of Escrick accused [John] Ayloffe of proposing to assassinate the Duke of York; but Lord Howard was an abject liar; and this story was not part of his original confession, but was added afterwards by way of supplement, and therefore deserves no credit whatever.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 45:", "text": "I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Complete; downright; utter."], "links": [["Complete", "complete#Adjective"], ["downright", "downright#Adjective"], ["utter", "utter#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."], "raw_tags": ["with a negative connotation"], "synonyms": [{"word": "out-and-out"}, {"word": "unmitigated"}, {"word": "total"}], "tags": ["broadly"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “ACONITUM, Wolf’s-bane”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:", "text": "The Roots of this Plant [healing wolfsbane (Aconitum anthora)] increaſe abundantly, ſoon overrunning a large Piece of Ground, therefore ſhould be confin'd in ſome abject Part of the Garden, or planted under Trees, it being very hardy, and growing in almoſt every Soil or Situation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "links": [["nearby", "nearby"], ["area", "area"], ["low-lying", "low-lying"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "tags": ["broadly", "rare"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 209, column 2:", "text": "Oh Noble Lord, bethinke thee of thy birth, / Call home thy ancient thoughts from baniſhment, / And baniſh hence theſe abiect lovvlie dreames: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 137, column 2:", "text": "O that I vvere a God, to ſhoot forth Thunder / Vpon theſe paltry, ſeruile, abiect Drudges: / Small things make baſe men proud.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1642, [Thomas Browne], “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, section 7, pages 149–150:", "text": "[T]hoſe common and quotidian infirmities that ſo neceſſarily attend me, and doe ſeeme to be my very nature, have ſo dejected me, ſo broken the eſtimation that I ſhould have othervviſe of my ſelf, that I repute my ſelfe the moſt abjecteſt piece of mortality: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1710 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Whig-Examiner: No. 5. Thursday, October 12. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 352:", "text": "Honeſt men who tell their Sovereigns what they expect from them, and what obedience they ſhall be always ready to pay them, are not upon an equal foot with ſuch baſe and abject flatterers; and are therefore always in danger of being the laſt in the Royal favour.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Dr. Lewis”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 160:", "text": "Indeed, I know nothing ſo abject as the behaviour of a man canvaſſing for a ſeat in parliament— […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 202:", "text": "To ſtrike any perſon, even in the moſt abject condition, was a thing in a manner unknown, and would be highly diſgraceful.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 405:", "text": "Every rich and goodnatured lord was pestered by authors with a mendicancy so importunate, and a flattery so abject, as may in our time seem incredible.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228:", "text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1931 February 9, William Faulkner, chapter II, in Sanctuary (The Modern Library of the World’s Best Books; no. 61), New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1962, →OCLC, page 12:", "text": "Benbow watched Goodwin seat the old man in a chair, where he sat obediently with that tentative and abject eagerness of a man who has but one pleasure left and whom the world can reach only through one sense, for he was both blind and deaf: a short man with a bald skull and a round, full-fleshed, rosy face in which his cataracted eyes looked like two clots of phlegm.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."], "links": [["person", "person#Noun"], ["cast down", "cast down"], ["hope", "hope#Noun"], ["spirit", "spirit#Noun"], ["showing", "show#Verb"], ["helplessness", "helplessness"], ["hopelessness", "hopelessness"], ["resignation", "resignation"], ["grovelling", "grovelling#Adjective"], ["ingratiating", "ingratiating#Adjective"], ["servile", "servile"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "beggarly"}, {"word": "cringing"}, {"word": "slavish"}]}, {"categories": ["English nominalized adjectives", "English terms with quotations", "en:Sociology"], "examples": [{"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59:", "text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Marginalized as deviant."], "links": [["sociology", "sociology"], ["Marginalized", "marginalize"], ["deviant", "deviant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."], "tags": ["noun-from-verb", "usually"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg"}, {"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hor", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "ankac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "անկած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cʻac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ցած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "mrguz", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "մրգուզ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "binəva"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "miskin"}, {"code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "dukhá"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizvergnat", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "низвергнат"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrlen", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "отхвърлен"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lángdāng", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "郎當 /郎当"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "moedeloos"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "alhainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fangeux"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "misérable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "damcirebuli", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "დამცირებული"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ubadruḳi", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "უბადრუკი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "armselig"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "erniedrigt"}, {"code": "de", "english": "poverty", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "bitter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "verächtlich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "अदना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aljas"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "csapnivaló"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekta"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abietto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "浅ましい"}, {"alt": "あさしい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "asamashii", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "あさましい"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "miserabilis"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hēan"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hnāh"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "forumâye", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "فرومایه"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["past"], "word": "پست"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "xvâr", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خوار"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjeto"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ignóbil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fărădelege"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "josnic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "mizerabil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "nemernic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ticălos"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "unížennyj", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "уни́женный"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žálkij", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "жа́лкий"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "suarach"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "jadan"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "јадан"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abyecto"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "marawal"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aşağılanmış"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hakir"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "zelil"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ادنیٰ"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "gwael"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dolen", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "долен"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "низък"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "žalǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "жалък"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "卑怯"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "diepgezonken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "ellendig"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "méprisable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sulmdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "სულმდაბალი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "elend"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "jämmerlich"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "kläglich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abbietto"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abjectus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "aşağılık"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "gelaten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hjelpeløs"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smirénnyj", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "смире́нный"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "beznadan"}], "word": "abject"}
abject (English adj) abject/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English archaic terms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English transitive verbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abjectification"}, {"word": "abjectify"}, {"word": "abjectly"}, {"word": "abjectness"}, {"word": "nonabject"}, {"word": "unabject"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₂epó"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "adjective"}, "expansion": "adjective", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abiect"}, "expansion": "Middle English abiect", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "abject"}, "expansion": "Middle French abject", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "abject"}, "expansion": "French abject", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "etymon"}, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abiectus", "t": "abandoned; cast aside"}, "expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "perfect"}, "expansion": "perfect", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "passive"}, "expansion": "passive", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "participle"}, "expansion": "participle", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-", "t": "to throw"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "it", "2": "abiecto"}, "expansion": "Italian abiecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "LL.", "2": "abiectus", "pos": "noun", "t": "humble or poor person"}, "expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "es", "2": "abjecto"}, "expansion": "Spanish abjecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto", "forms": [{"form": "abjecter", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "more abject", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "abjectest", "tags": ["superlative"]}, {"form": "most abject", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "er", "2": "more"}, "expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)", "name": "en-adj"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧ject"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [{"word": "abjection"}, {"tags": ["obsolete", "rare"], "word": "abjective"}], "senses": [{"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC:", "text": "These whelpes of the first lytter of gentilitie, these exhalations, drawen vp to the heauen of honour from the dunghill of abiect fortune, haue long been on horsebacke to come riding to your diuellship; but, I know not how, lyke Saint George, they are alwaies mounted but neuer moue.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Twelfth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, pages 206–207:", "text": "VVhen as thoſe fallovv Deere, and huge-hancht Stags that graz'd / Vpon her ſhaggy Heaths, the paſſenger amaz'd / To ſee their mighty Heards, vvith high-palmd heads to threat / The vvoods of o'regrovvne Oakes; as though they meant to ſet / Their hornes to th'others heights. / But novv, both thoſe and theſe / Are by vile gaine deuour'd: So abiect are our daies.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 305–313:", "text": "[W]ith fierce Winds Orion arm'd / Hath vext the Red-Sea Coaſt, whoſe waves orethrew / Buſiris and his Memphian Chivalrie, / While with perfidious hatred they purſu'd / The Sojourners of Goſhen, who beheld / From the ſafe ſhore their floating Carkaſes / And broken Chariot Wheels, ſo thick beſtrown / Abject and loſt lay theſe, covering the Flood, / Under amazement of their hideous change.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 18, lines 168–170:", "text": "By hovv much from the top of vvondrous glory, / Strongeſt of mortal men, / To lovveſt pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1751 December (indicated as 1752), Henry Fielding, “Containing Matters that Require No Preface”, in Amelia, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book V, page 129:", "text": "Do you think, my dear Mrs. James, if the Tables had been turned, if my Fortune had been as high in the World as yours, and you in my Diſtreſs and abject Condition, that I would not have climbed as high as the Monument to viſit you?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 119:", "text": "The wide dominion of the Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. Nothing more than a nominal dignity was left to the abject heirs of an illustrious name, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16:", "text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."], "links": [["Existing", "exist#Verb"], ["sunk", "sink#Verb"], ["low", "low#Adjective"], ["condition", "condition#Noun"], ["position", "position#Noun"], ["state", "state#Noun"], ["contemptible", "contemptible"], ["despicable", "despicable"], ["miserable", "miserable"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "degraded"}, {"tags": ["archaic"], "word": "demiss"}, {"word": "ignoble"}, {"word": "mean"}, {"word": "vile"}, {"word": "wretched"}, {"word": "worthless"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, footnote *, page 527:", "text": "Lord Howard of Escrick accused [John] Ayloffe of proposing to assassinate the Duke of York; but Lord Howard was an abject liar; and this story was not part of his original confession, but was added afterwards by way of supplement, and therefore deserves no credit whatever.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 45:", "text": "I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Complete; downright; utter."], "links": [["Complete", "complete#Adjective"], ["downright", "downright#Adjective"], ["utter", "utter#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."], "raw_tags": ["with a negative connotation"], "synonyms": [{"word": "out-and-out"}, {"word": "unmitigated"}, {"word": "total"}], "tags": ["broadly"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “ACONITUM, Wolf’s-bane”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:", "text": "The Roots of this Plant [healing wolfsbane (Aconitum anthora)] increaſe abundantly, ſoon overrunning a large Piece of Ground, therefore ſhould be confin'd in ſome abject Part of the Garden, or planted under Trees, it being very hardy, and growing in almoſt every Soil or Situation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "links": [["nearby", "nearby"], ["area", "area"], ["low-lying", "low-lying"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "tags": ["broadly", "rare"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 209, column 2:", "text": "Oh Noble Lord, bethinke thee of thy birth, / Call home thy ancient thoughts from baniſhment, / And baniſh hence theſe abiect lovvlie dreames: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 137, column 2:", "text": "O that I vvere a God, to ſhoot forth Thunder / Vpon theſe paltry, ſeruile, abiect Drudges: / Small things make baſe men proud.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1642, [Thomas Browne], “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, section 7, pages 149–150:", "text": "[T]hoſe common and quotidian infirmities that ſo neceſſarily attend me, and doe ſeeme to be my very nature, have ſo dejected me, ſo broken the eſtimation that I ſhould have othervviſe of my ſelf, that I repute my ſelfe the moſt abjecteſt piece of mortality: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1710 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Whig-Examiner: No. 5. Thursday, October 12. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 352:", "text": "Honeſt men who tell their Sovereigns what they expect from them, and what obedience they ſhall be always ready to pay them, are not upon an equal foot with ſuch baſe and abject flatterers; and are therefore always in danger of being the laſt in the Royal favour.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Dr. Lewis”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 160:", "text": "Indeed, I know nothing ſo abject as the behaviour of a man canvaſſing for a ſeat in parliament— […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 202:", "text": "To ſtrike any perſon, even in the moſt abject condition, was a thing in a manner unknown, and would be highly diſgraceful.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 405:", "text": "Every rich and goodnatured lord was pestered by authors with a mendicancy so importunate, and a flattery so abject, as may in our time seem incredible.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228:", "text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1931 February 9, William Faulkner, chapter II, in Sanctuary (The Modern Library of the World’s Best Books; no. 61), New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1962, →OCLC, page 12:", "text": "Benbow watched Goodwin seat the old man in a chair, where he sat obediently with that tentative and abject eagerness of a man who has but one pleasure left and whom the world can reach only through one sense, for he was both blind and deaf: a short man with a bald skull and a round, full-fleshed, rosy face in which his cataracted eyes looked like two clots of phlegm.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."], "links": [["person", "person#Noun"], ["cast down", "cast down"], ["hope", "hope#Noun"], ["spirit", "spirit#Noun"], ["showing", "show#Verb"], ["helplessness", "helplessness"], ["hopelessness", "hopelessness"], ["resignation", "resignation"], ["grovelling", "grovelling#Adjective"], ["ingratiating", "ingratiating#Adjective"], ["servile", "servile"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "beggarly"}, {"word": "cringing"}, {"word": "slavish"}]}, {"categories": ["English nominalized adjectives", "English terms with quotations", "en:Sociology"], "examples": [{"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59:", "text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Marginalized as deviant."], "links": [["sociology", "sociology"], ["Marginalized", "marginalize"], ["deviant", "deviant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."], "tags": ["noun-from-verb", "usually"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg"}, {"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hor", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "ankac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "անկած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cʻac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ցած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "mrguz", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "մրգուզ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "binəva"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "miskin"}, {"code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "dukhá"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizvergnat", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "низвергнат"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrlen", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "отхвърлен"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lángdāng", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "郎當 /郎当"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "moedeloos"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "alhainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fangeux"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "misérable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "damcirebuli", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "დამცირებული"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ubadruḳi", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "უბადრუკი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "armselig"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "erniedrigt"}, {"code": "de", "english": "poverty", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "bitter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "verächtlich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "अदना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aljas"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "csapnivaló"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekta"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abietto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "浅ましい"}, {"alt": "あさしい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "asamashii", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "あさましい"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "miserabilis"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hēan"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hnāh"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "forumâye", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "فرومایه"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["past"], "word": "پست"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "xvâr", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خوار"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjeto"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ignóbil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fărădelege"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "josnic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "mizerabil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "nemernic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ticălos"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "unížennyj", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "уни́женный"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žálkij", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "жа́лкий"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "suarach"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "jadan"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "јадан"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abyecto"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "marawal"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aşağılanmış"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hakir"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "zelil"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ادنیٰ"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "gwael"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dolen", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "долен"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "низък"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "žalǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "жалък"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "卑怯"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "diepgezonken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "ellendig"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "méprisable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sulmdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "სულმდაბალი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "elend"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "jämmerlich"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "kläglich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abbietto"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abjectus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "aşağılık"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "gelaten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hjelpeløs"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smirénnyj", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "смире́нный"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "beznadan"}], "word": "abject"}
abject (English adj) abject/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English archaic terms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English transitive verbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt", "Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abjectification"}, {"word": "abjectify"}, {"word": "abjectly"}, {"word": "abjectness"}, {"word": "nonabject"}, {"word": "unabject"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₂epó"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "adjective"}, "expansion": "adjective", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "abiect"}, "expansion": "Middle English abiect", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "abject"}, "expansion": "Middle French abject", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "abject"}, "expansion": "French abject", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "etymon"}, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "abiectus", "t": "abandoned; cast aside"}, "expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "perfect"}, "expansion": "perfect", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "passive"}, "expansion": "passive", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "participle"}, "expansion": "participle", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(H)yeh₁-", "t": "to throw"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "it", "2": "abiecto"}, "expansion": "Italian abiecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}, {"args": {"1": "LL.", "2": "abiectus", "pos": "noun", "t": "humble or poor person"}, "expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "es", "2": "abjecto"}, "expansion": "Spanish abjecto", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "obsolete"}, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "qualifier"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto", "forms": [{"form": "abjecter", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "more abject", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "abjectest", "tags": ["superlative"]}, {"form": "most abject", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "er", "2": "more"}, "expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)", "name": "en-adj"}], "hyphenation": ["ab‧ject"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [{"word": "abjection"}, {"tags": ["obsolete", "rare"], "word": "abjective"}], "senses": [{"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC:", "text": "These whelpes of the first lytter of gentilitie, these exhalations, drawen vp to the heauen of honour from the dunghill of abiect fortune, haue long been on horsebacke to come riding to your diuellship; but, I know not how, lyke Saint George, they are alwaies mounted but neuer moue.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Twelfth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, pages 206–207:", "text": "VVhen as thoſe fallovv Deere, and huge-hancht Stags that graz'd / Vpon her ſhaggy Heaths, the paſſenger amaz'd / To ſee their mighty Heards, vvith high-palmd heads to threat / The vvoods of o'regrovvne Oakes; as though they meant to ſet / Their hornes to th'others heights. / But novv, both thoſe and theſe / Are by vile gaine deuour'd: So abiect are our daies.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 305–313:", "text": "[W]ith fierce Winds Orion arm'd / Hath vext the Red-Sea Coaſt, whoſe waves orethrew / Buſiris and his Memphian Chivalrie, / While with perfidious hatred they purſu'd / The Sojourners of Goſhen, who beheld / From the ſafe ſhore their floating Carkaſes / And broken Chariot Wheels, ſo thick beſtrown / Abject and loſt lay theſe, covering the Flood, / Under amazement of their hideous change.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 18, lines 168–170:", "text": "By hovv much from the top of vvondrous glory, / Strongeſt of mortal men, / To lovveſt pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1751 December (indicated as 1752), Henry Fielding, “Containing Matters that Require No Preface”, in Amelia, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book V, page 129:", "text": "Do you think, my dear Mrs. James, if the Tables had been turned, if my Fortune had been as high in the World as yours, and you in my Diſtreſs and abject Condition, that I would not have climbed as high as the Monument to viſit you?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 119:", "text": "The wide dominion of the Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. Nothing more than a nominal dignity was left to the abject heirs of an illustrious name, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16:", "text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."], "links": [["Existing", "exist#Verb"], ["sunk", "sink#Verb"], ["low", "low#Adjective"], ["condition", "condition#Noun"], ["position", "position#Noun"], ["state", "state#Noun"], ["contemptible", "contemptible"], ["despicable", "despicable"], ["miserable", "miserable"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "degraded"}, {"tags": ["archaic"], "word": "demiss"}, {"word": "ignoble"}, {"word": "mean"}, {"word": "vile"}, {"word": "wretched"}, {"word": "worthless"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, footnote *, page 527:", "text": "Lord Howard of Escrick accused [John] Ayloffe of proposing to assassinate the Duke of York; but Lord Howard was an abject liar; and this story was not part of his original confession, but was added afterwards by way of supplement, and therefore deserves no credit whatever.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 45:", "text": "I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Complete; downright; utter."], "links": [["Complete", "complete#Adjective"], ["downright", "downright#Adjective"], ["utter", "utter#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."], "raw_tags": ["with a negative connotation"], "synonyms": [{"word": "out-and-out"}, {"word": "unmitigated"}, {"word": "total"}], "tags": ["broadly"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “ACONITUM, Wolf’s-bane”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:", "text": "The Roots of this Plant [healing wolfsbane (Aconitum anthora)] increaſe abundantly, ſoon overrunning a large Piece of Ground, therefore ſhould be confin'd in ſome abject Part of the Garden, or planted under Trees, it being very hardy, and growing in almoſt every Soil or Situation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "links": [["nearby", "nearby"], ["area", "area"], ["low-lying", "low-lying"]], "raw_glosses": ["(by extension)", "(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."], "tags": ["broadly", "rare"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "unabject"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 209, column 2:", "text": "Oh Noble Lord, bethinke thee of thy birth, / Call home thy ancient thoughts from baniſhment, / And baniſh hence theſe abiect lovvlie dreames: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 137, column 2:", "text": "O that I vvere a God, to ſhoot forth Thunder / Vpon theſe paltry, ſeruile, abiect Drudges: / Small things make baſe men proud.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1642, [Thomas Browne], “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, section 7, pages 149–150:", "text": "[T]hoſe common and quotidian infirmities that ſo neceſſarily attend me, and doe ſeeme to be my very nature, have ſo dejected me, ſo broken the eſtimation that I ſhould have othervviſe of my ſelf, that I repute my ſelfe the moſt abjecteſt piece of mortality: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1710 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Whig-Examiner: No. 5. Thursday, October 12. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 352:", "text": "Honeſt men who tell their Sovereigns what they expect from them, and what obedience they ſhall be always ready to pay them, are not upon an equal foot with ſuch baſe and abject flatterers; and are therefore always in danger of being the laſt in the Royal favour.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Dr. Lewis”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 160:", "text": "Indeed, I know nothing ſo abject as the behaviour of a man canvaſſing for a ſeat in parliament— […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 202:", "text": "To ſtrike any perſon, even in the moſt abject condition, was a thing in a manner unknown, and would be highly diſgraceful.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 405:", "text": "Every rich and goodnatured lord was pestered by authors with a mendicancy so importunate, and a flattery so abject, as may in our time seem incredible.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228:", "text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1931 February 9, William Faulkner, chapter II, in Sanctuary (The Modern Library of the World’s Best Books; no. 61), New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1962, →OCLC, page 12:", "text": "Benbow watched Goodwin seat the old man in a chair, where he sat obediently with that tentative and abject eagerness of a man who has but one pleasure left and whom the world can reach only through one sense, for he was both blind and deaf: a short man with a bald skull and a round, full-fleshed, rosy face in which his cataracted eyes looked like two clots of phlegm.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."], "links": [["person", "person#Noun"], ["cast down", "cast down"], ["hope", "hope#Noun"], ["spirit", "spirit#Noun"], ["showing", "show#Verb"], ["helplessness", "helplessness"], ["hopelessness", "hopelessness"], ["resignation", "resignation"], ["grovelling", "grovelling#Adjective"], ["ingratiating", "ingratiating#Adjective"], ["servile", "servile"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "beggarly"}, {"word": "cringing"}, {"word": "slavish"}]}, {"categories": ["English nominalized adjectives", "English terms with quotations", "en:Sociology"], "examples": [{"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59:", "text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Marginalized as deviant."], "links": [["sociology", "sociology"], ["Marginalized", "marginalize"], ["deviant", "deviant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."], "tags": ["noun-from-verb", "usually"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg"}, {"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hor", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "ankac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "անկած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "arhamarh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "արհամարհ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cʻac", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ցած"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "mrguz", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "մրգուզ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "binəva"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "miskin"}, {"code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "dukhá"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizvergnat", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "низвергнат"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrlen", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "отхвърлен"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lángdāng", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "郎當 /郎当"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "moedeloos"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "alhainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fangeux"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "misérable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "damcirebuli", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "დამცირებული"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ubadruḳi", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "უბადრუკი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "armselig"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "erniedrigt"}, {"code": "de", "english": "poverty", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "bitter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "verächtlich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "अदना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aljas"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "csapnivaló"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekta"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abietto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "浅ましい"}, {"alt": "あさしい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "asamashii", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "あさましい"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "miserabilis"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hēan"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hnāh"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "forumâye", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "فرومایه"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "tags": ["past"], "word": "پست"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "xvâr", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "خوار"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abjeto"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ignóbil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "fărădelege"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "josnic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "mizerabil"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "nemernic"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ticălos"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "unížennyj", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "уни́женный"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "žálkij", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "жа́лкий"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "suarach"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "jadan"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "јадан"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "abyecto"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "marawal"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "aşağılanmış"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "hakir"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "zelil"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "adnā", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "ادنیٰ"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable", "word": "gwael"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dolen", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "долен"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nizǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "низък"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "žalǎk", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "жалък"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "卑怯"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "diepgezonken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "ellendig"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abject"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "méprisable"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "მდაბალი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sulmdabali", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "სულმდაბალი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "elend"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "jämmerlich"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "kläglich"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tăpeinós", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "τᾰπεινός"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjecte"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abbietto"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "abjectus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "abjecta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abject"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "abatido"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit", "word": "aşağılık"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "gelaten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hulpeloos"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "abjekt"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "hjelpeløs"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smirénnyj", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "смире́нный"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation", "word": "beznadan"}], "word": "abject"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.