See Dudelsack in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anagramm sortiert (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Deutsch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Roter Audiolink",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rückläufige Wörterliste (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rückläufige Wörterliste Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Substantiv (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Substantiv m (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiktionary:Audio-Datei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiktionary:Illustration",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Siehe auch",
"orig": "siehe auch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Dudelsackmusik"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackpfeifer"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackpfeiferin"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackspieler"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackspielerin"
},
{
"word": "dudeln"
}
],
"etymology_text": "abgeleitet aus dem polnischen, tschechischen dudyaus dem urslawischen *duda vb. *dudati/*dudeti \"niedrigen, tosenden Schall machen\", letztlich lautmalerischen: *du-du! * bzw. dem serbischen duduk, auf türkisch: duduk zurückgehend. Im 17. Jahrhundert tauchen die deutschen Bezeichnungen Dudei, Dudelbock, Polnischer Bock und Dudelsack auf. Der letzte Begriff hat sich schließlich in der deutschen Sprache durchgesetzt.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "der Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "des Dudelsackes",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Dudelsacks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Dudelsacke",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Dudelsäcken",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "den Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Blasinstrument"
}
],
"hyphenation": "Du·del·sack",
"lang": "Deutsch",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Substantiv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Reich mir doch bitte den Dudelsack von der Wand herüber."
}
],
"glosses": [
"ein Blasinstrument und schottisches Nationalinstrument mit mehreren Pfeifen und einem Windsack"
],
"id": "de-Dudelsack-de-noun-SAidm5x4",
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈduːdl̩ˌzak"
},
{
"audio": "De-Dudelsack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/De-Dudelsack.ogg/De-Dudelsack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Dudelsack.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Sackpfeife"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"raw_tags": [
"veraltet:"
],
"roman": "duduk",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дудук"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "bagpipe"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "sakŝalmo"
},
{
"lang": "Finnisch",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "säkkipilli"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornemuse"
},
{
"lang": "Galicisch",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Galicisch",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Georgisch",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "guda-stviri",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "გუდა-სტვირი"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gáinda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γκάιντα"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pípiza",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίπιζα"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sac de gemecs"
},
{
"lang": "Klingonisch",
"lang_code": "tlh",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "DIron"
},
{
"lang": "Latein",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "utriculus"
},
{
"lang": "Luxemburgisch",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Duddelsak"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doedelzak"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"m, f"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "sekkepipe"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabreta"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bodega"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boha"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sansònha"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita de foles"
},
{
"lang": "Rätoromanisch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volynka",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "волынка"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"u"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "säckpipa"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"raw_tags": [
"veraltet:"
],
"roman": "duduk",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дудук"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "měchawa"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "kózoł"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl.,"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "kozoł"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"klein"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "měchawa"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudki"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Türkisch",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "gayda"
}
],
"word": "Dudelsack"
}
{
"categories": [
"Anagramm sortiert (Deutsch)",
"Deutsch",
"Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"Roter Audiolink",
"Rückläufige Wörterliste (Deutsch)",
"Rückläufige Wörterliste Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"Substantiv (Deutsch)",
"Substantiv m (Deutsch)",
"Wiktionary:Audio-Datei",
"Wiktionary:Illustration",
"siehe auch"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Dudelsackmusik"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackpfeifer"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackpfeiferin"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackspieler"
},
{
"word": "Dudelsackspielerin"
},
{
"word": "dudeln"
}
],
"etymology_text": "abgeleitet aus dem polnischen, tschechischen dudyaus dem urslawischen *duda vb. *dudati/*dudeti \"niedrigen, tosenden Schall machen\", letztlich lautmalerischen: *du-du! * bzw. dem serbischen duduk, auf türkisch: duduk zurückgehend. Im 17. Jahrhundert tauchen die deutschen Bezeichnungen Dudei, Dudelbock, Polnischer Bock und Dudelsack auf. Der letzte Begriff hat sich schließlich in der deutschen Sprache durchgesetzt.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "der Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "des Dudelsackes",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Dudelsacks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Dudelsacke",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Dudelsäcken",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "den Dudelsack",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Dudelsäcke",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Blasinstrument"
}
],
"hyphenation": "Du·del·sack",
"lang": "Deutsch",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Substantiv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Reich mir doch bitte den Dudelsack von der Wand herüber."
}
],
"glosses": [
"ein Blasinstrument und schottisches Nationalinstrument mit mehreren Pfeifen und einem Windsack"
],
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈduːdl̩ˌzak"
},
{
"audio": "De-Dudelsack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/De-Dudelsack.ogg/De-Dudelsack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Dudelsack.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Sackpfeife"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"raw_tags": [
"veraltet:"
],
"roman": "duduk",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дудук"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "bagpipe"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "sakŝalmo"
},
{
"lang": "Finnisch",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "säkkipilli"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornemuse"
},
{
"lang": "Galicisch",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Galicisch",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Georgisch",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "guda-stviri",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "გუდა-სტვირი"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gáinda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γκάιντα"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pípiza",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίπιζα"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Katalanisch",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sac de gemecs"
},
{
"lang": "Klingonisch",
"lang_code": "tlh",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "DIron"
},
{
"lang": "Latein",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "utriculus"
},
{
"lang": "Luxemburgisch",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Duddelsak"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doedelzak"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"m, f"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "sekkepipe"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabreta"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bodega"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boha"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Okzitanisch",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sansònha"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita de foles"
},
{
"lang": "Rätoromanisch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "cornamusa"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volynka",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "волынка"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"u"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "säckpipa"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "gajda",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гајда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"raw_tags": [
"veraltet:"
],
"roman": "duduk",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дудук"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "měchawa"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "kózoł"
},
{
"lang": "Niedersorbisch",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl.,"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "kozoł"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"klein"
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "měchawa"
},
{
"lang": "Obersorbisch",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "dudki"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaita"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dudy"
},
{
"lang": "Türkisch",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "ein Blasinstrument",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "gayda"
}
],
"word": "Dudelsack"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Dudelsack meaning in Deutsch (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Deutsch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-29 from the dewiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.