See yāĺ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for yāĺ meaning in Proto-Turkic (21.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "جال",
"tr": "cāl"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: جال (cāl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgar: جال (cāl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ҫул"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: ҫул (śul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: ҫул (śul)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*yāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *yāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *yāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "yâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: yâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: yâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "يَشْ",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: يَشْ (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: يَشْ (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: یاش (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: یاش (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"sc": "Arab",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "яш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐱁",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "саас"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: саас (saas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: саас (saas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Shor: чаш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: чаш"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nasun",
"3": "*na-sun",
"t": "age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *na-sun (“age”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *na-sun (“age”) through inheritance or borrowing, itself perhaps from earlier *nal-sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺtan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to live",
"word": "yāĺ-a-"
},
{
"english": "aged; old",
"word": "yāĺ-lïg"
}
],
"glosses": [
"age; year"
],
"id": "en-yāĺ-trk-pro-noun-e7DjA9OF",
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*jalaxu",
"3": "*jala-xu",
"t": "young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Relation to above etymology is unclear.\nEDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.\nNugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 6 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 3 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Mongol terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"young, fresh, green, raw, moist"
],
"id": "en-yāĺ-trk-pro-adj-MJD0HzdY",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"green",
"green"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
],
[
"moist",
"moist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: [script needed] (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: [script needed] (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ياشْ",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "яш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐰀𐰽",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰽 (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Irk Bitig"
},
"expansion": "(Irk Bitig)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰽 (yāš) (Irk Bitig)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*jalaxu",
"3": "*jala-xu",
"t": "young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Relation to above etymology is unclear.\nEDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.\nNugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "green",
"word": "yāĺ-ïl"
},
{
"english": "to become green",
"word": "yāĺ-ar-"
},
{
"english": "to graze",
"word": "yāĺ-la-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vegetable"
],
"id": "en-yāĺ-trk-pro-noun-RxW3NAhd",
"links": [
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "куҫҫуль",
"alt": "куҫ-ҫуль",
"lit": "eye-tear"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: куҫ-ҫуль (kuś-śulʹ, literally “eye-tear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: куҫ-ҫуль (kuś-śulʹ, literally “eye-tear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*yāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *yāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *yāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "yâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: yâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: yâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ياشْ",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ياش",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ياش (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ياش (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐱁",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nïlbusun",
"3": "*nïlbu-sun",
"t": "tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *nïlbu-sun (“tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nidün",
"3": "*ni-dün",
"t": "eye"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ni-dün (“eye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Very likely in some way related to Proto-Mongolic *nïlbu-sun (“tear”), however EDAL connects it to Proto-Mongolic *ni-dün (“eye”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "tearful, filled with tears",
"word": "yāĺ-lïg"
},
{
"english": "to become tearful",
"word": "yāĺ-ar-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tear. teardrop"
],
"id": "en-yāĺ-trk-pro-noun-FKv2279y",
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"teardrop",
"teardrop"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Requests for Arabic script for Mamluk-Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Mamluk-Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Salar terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms",
"trk-pro:Bodily fluids",
"trk-pro:Eye",
"trk-pro:Time",
"trk-pro:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to live",
"word": "yāĺ-a-"
},
{
"english": "aged; old",
"word": "yāĺ-lïg"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "جال",
"tr": "cāl"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: جال (cāl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgar: جال (cāl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ҫул"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: ҫул (śul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: ҫул (śul)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*yāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *yāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *yāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "yâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: yâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: yâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "يَشْ",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: يَشْ (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: يَشْ (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: یاش (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: یاش (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"sc": "Arab",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "яш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐱁",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "саас"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: саас (saas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: саас (saas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Shor: чаш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: чаш"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nasun",
"3": "*na-sun",
"t": "age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *na-sun (“age”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *na-sun (“age”) through inheritance or borrowing, itself perhaps from earlier *nal-sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺtan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yāĺlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"age; year"
],
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Mongol terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Proto-Turkic adjectives",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Khalaj terms",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Mamluk-Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Salar terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms",
"trk-pro:Bodily fluids",
"trk-pro:Eye",
"trk-pro:Time",
"trk-pro:Vegetables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*jalaxu",
"3": "*jala-xu",
"t": "young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Relation to above etymology is unclear.\nEDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.\nNugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"young, fresh, green, raw, moist"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"green",
"green"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
],
[
"moist",
"moist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Mongol terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Proto-Turkic adjectives",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Khalaj terms",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Mamluk-Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Salar terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms",
"trk-pro:Bodily fluids",
"trk-pro:Eye",
"trk-pro:Time",
"trk-pro:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "green",
"word": "yāĺ-ïl"
},
{
"english": "to become green",
"word": "yāĺ-ar-"
},
{
"english": "to graze",
"word": "yāĺ-la-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: [script needed] (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: [script needed] (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ياشْ",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "яш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: яш (yaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐰀𐰽",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰽 (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Irk Bitig"
},
"expansion": "(Irk Bitig)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰽 (yāš) (Irk Bitig)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*jalaxu",
"3": "*jala-xu",
"t": "young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Relation to above etymology is unclear.\nEDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.\nNugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vegetable"
],
"links": [
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Mamluk-Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms",
"trk-pro:Bodily fluids",
"trk-pro:Eye",
"trk-pro:Time",
"trk-pro:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "tearful, filled with tears",
"word": "yāĺ-lïg"
},
{
"english": "to become tearful",
"word": "yāĺ-ar-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "куҫҫуль",
"alt": "куҫ-ҫуль",
"lit": "eye-tear"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: куҫ-ҫуль (kuś-śulʹ, literally “eye-tear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: куҫ-ҫуль (kuś-śulʹ, literally “eye-tear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*yāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *yāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *yāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "yâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: yâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: yâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: yaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "یاش",
"tr": "yaş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: یاش (yaş)\nGagauz: yaş\nTurkish: yaş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ýaş",
"alt": "ýāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: ýāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: ýāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ياشْ",
"tr": "yāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: ياشْ (yāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ياش",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ياش (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ياش (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "yosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: yosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: yosh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ياش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ياش (yash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: йәш (yəş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "яшь"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: яшь (yaş’)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "жас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: жас (jas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: жас (jas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "jas"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: jas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: jas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nogai яс (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: жаш (jaş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "јаш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: јаш (ǰaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰖𐱁",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰖𐱁 (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "yʾš",
"tr": "yaš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: yʾš (yaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"tr": "yas"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (yas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "чаш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: чаш (çaş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: час (ças)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: час (ças)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nïlbusun",
"3": "*nïlbu-sun",
"t": "tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *nïlbu-sun (“tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*nidün",
"3": "*ni-dün",
"t": "eye"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ni-dün (“eye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Very likely in some way related to Proto-Mongolic *nïlbu-sun (“tear”), however EDAL connects it to Proto-Mongolic *ni-dün (“eye”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*yāĺ"
},
"expansion": "*yāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tear. teardrop"
],
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"teardrop",
"teardrop"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yāĺ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.