See vada in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vada meaning in Proto-Slavic (16.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dovada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "slander",
"word": "obada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "brawl, scuffle",
"word": "sъvada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "zavada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vadьba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vadьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "вада",
"t": "slander"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "defect"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́дка",
"der": "1",
"t": "scuffle, brawl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Belarusian: ва́дка (vádka, “scuffle, brawl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Belarusian: ва́дка (vádka, “scuffle, brawl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "scuffle"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “scuffle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “scuffle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дьба",
"der": "1",
"t": "accusation"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: ва́дьба (vádʹba, “accusation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: ва́дьба (vádʹba, “accusation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "сва́да",
"t": "argument, quarrel, scuffle"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: сва́да (sváda, “argument, quarrel, scuffle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: сва́да (sváda, “argument, quarrel, scuffle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "defect"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вада",
"t": "accusation"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vada",
"3": "váda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: vada, váda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: vada, váda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wada"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: vada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: vada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "wada"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: wada"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vaditi",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to argue, to accuse, to hamper"
},
"expansion": "*vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Action noun of *vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a.\nWest Slavic meaning is derived from the figurative “slander, defamation” → “flaw”. Similar semantic shift is observed with synonymous *porokъ (in East, South Slavic).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"argument, quarrel, scuffle"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-YLVomwq9",
"links": [
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
],
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*svara"
},
{
"word": "*dręzga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"accusation, slander"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-WR2ya6jA",
"links": [
[
"accusation",
"accusation"
],
[
"slander",
"slander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, abstract) accusation, slander"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kleveta"
},
{
"word": "*xula"
},
{
"word": "*porokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"feminine",
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 8 62 2 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 78 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defect, flaw (West Slavic)"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-6T4~natm",
"links": [
[
"defect",
"defect"
],
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) defect, flaw (West Slavic)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vada"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"3": "пова́дка",
"t2": "habit"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda), пова́дка (povádka, “habit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda), пова́дка (povádka, “habit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "váda",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: váda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "váda",
"2": "vája"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: váda, vája (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: váda, vája (tonal orthography)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vaditi",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to pull, to tug"
},
"expansion": "*vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Action noun of *vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vàda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "habit, conduct",
"word": "navada"
},
{
"english": "habit",
"word": "povada"
},
{
"topics": [
"exercise",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "zavada"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conduct, endeavour"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-~MSPjESW",
"links": [
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "ja-stem, < *vaďati + *-a",
"word": "vaďa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "vada"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
],
"word": "vadišče"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "puddle, body of water"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дега",
"3": "ва́дига",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: ва́дега (vádega), ва́дига (vádiga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: ва́дега (vádega), ва́дига (vádiga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "groove"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “groove”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Romanian"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Romanian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “groove”) (possibly from Romanian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ва́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ва́да (váda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ва́да (váda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вада (vada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вада (vada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ва̏да"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: ва̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: ва̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vȁda"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: vȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: vȁda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*voda",
"3": "",
"4": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wed-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wed-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дья",
"3": "",
"4": "puddle"
},
"expansion": "Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́дкі",
"3": "",
"4": "watery"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vads",
"3": "",
"4": "pipe, conduction line"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vadum",
"3": "",
"4": "ford"
},
"expansion": "Latin vadum (“ford”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "vad"
},
"expansion": "Romanian vad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wadą",
"3": "",
"4": "shallow water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weh₂dʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to pass, to wade"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear:\n* Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (with acute and lengthening due to Winter's law). Perhaps parallel to Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”), Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”).\n* Identical to Etymology 2 (per BER), analogous to Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”).\n* Borrowed or cognate with Latin vadum (“ford”) (whence Romanian vad), Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”). Favoured by Melnychuk for the Ukrainian descendant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vàda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"irrigation channel, duct"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-aMQkxLUQ",
"links": [
[
"irrigation",
"irrigation"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"duct",
"duct"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"source of water"
],
"id": "en-vada-sla-pro-noun-iLaQxWIq",
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vada"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dovada"
},
{
"english": "slander",
"word": "obada"
},
{
"english": "brawl, scuffle",
"word": "sъvada"
},
{
"word": "zavada"
},
{
"word": "vadьba"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vadьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "вада",
"t": "slander"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "defect"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́дка",
"der": "1",
"t": "scuffle, brawl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Belarusian: ва́дка (vádka, “scuffle, brawl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Belarusian: ва́дка (vádka, “scuffle, brawl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "scuffle"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “scuffle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “scuffle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дьба",
"der": "1",
"t": "accusation"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: ва́дьба (vádʹba, “accusation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: ва́дьба (vádʹba, “accusation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "сва́да",
"t": "argument, quarrel, scuffle"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: сва́да (sváda, “argument, quarrel, scuffle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: сва́да (sváda, “argument, quarrel, scuffle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "defect"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вада",
"t": "accusation"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vada",
"3": "váda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: vada, váda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: vada, váda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wada"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: vada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: vada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "wada"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: wada"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vaditi",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to argue, to accuse, to hamper"
},
"expansion": "*vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Action noun of *vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a.\nWest Slavic meaning is derived from the figurative “slander, defamation” → “flaw”. Similar semantic shift is observed with synonymous *porokъ (in East, South Slavic).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"argument, quarrel, scuffle"
],
"links": [
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
],
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*svara"
},
{
"word": "*dręzga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"accusation, slander"
],
"links": [
[
"accusation",
"accusation"
],
[
"slander",
"slander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, abstract) accusation, slander"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kleveta"
},
{
"word": "*xula"
},
{
"word": "*porokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"feminine",
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defect, flaw (West Slavic)"
],
"links": [
[
"defect",
"defect"
],
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) defect, flaw (West Slavic)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vada"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "habit, conduct",
"word": "navada"
},
{
"english": "habit",
"word": "povada"
},
{
"topics": [
"exercise",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "zavada"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"3": "пова́дка",
"t2": "habit"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda), пова́дка (povádka, “habit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda), пова́дка (povádka, “habit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "váda",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: váda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "váda",
"2": "vája"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: váda, vája (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: váda, vája (tonal orthography)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vaditi",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to pull, to tug"
},
"expansion": "*vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Action noun of *vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vàda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"conduct, endeavour"
],
"links": [
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "ja-stem, < *vaďati + *-a",
"word": "vaďa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "vada"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"augmentative"
],
"word": "vadišče"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "puddle, body of water"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дега",
"3": "ва́дига",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: ва́дега (vádega), ва́дига (vádiga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: ва́дега (vádega), ва́дига (vádiga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ва́да",
"t": "groove"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “groove”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Romanian"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Romanian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “groove”) (possibly from Romanian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ва́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ва́да (váda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ва́да (váda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вада (vada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вада (vada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ва̏да"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: ва̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: ва̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vȁda"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: vȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: vȁda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*voda",
"3": "",
"4": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wed-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wed-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́дья",
"3": "",
"4": "puddle"
},
"expansion": "Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ва́дкі",
"3": "",
"4": "watery"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vads",
"3": "",
"4": "pipe, conduction line"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vadum",
"3": "",
"4": "ford"
},
"expansion": "Latin vadum (“ford”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "vad"
},
"expansion": "Romanian vad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wadą",
"3": "",
"4": "shallow water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weh₂dʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to pass, to wade"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear:\n* Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (with acute and lengthening due to Winter's law). Perhaps parallel to Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”), Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”).\n* Identical to Etymology 2 (per BER), analogous to Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”).\n* Borrowed or cognate with Latin vadum (“ford”) (whence Romanian vad), Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”). Favoured by Melnychuk for the Ukrainian descendant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vàda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vadъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vadamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vadami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vadu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vadaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vado",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vadě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"irrigation channel, duct"
],
"links": [
[
"irrigation",
"irrigation"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"duct",
"duct"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"source of water"
],
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vada"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.