See tvьrdь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tvьrdь meaning in Proto-Slavic (4.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "твьрдь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "твердь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: твердь (tverdʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: твердь (tverdʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тврьдь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ (tvrĭdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ (tvrĭdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твърд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd) (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twierdza"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: twierdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: twierdza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvьrdъ",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "*tvьrdъ + *-ь",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tvьrdъ + *-ь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvьrdь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citadel, firmament"
],
"id": "en-tvьrdь-sla-pro-noun-tqLfyv5V",
"links": [
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to make",
"word": "tvorìti"
},
{
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȃrь"
},
{
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȏrъ"
},
{
"english": "firm, hard, solid",
"word": "tvь̑rdъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tvьrdь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "твьрдь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "твердь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: твердь (tverdʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: твердь (tverdʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тврьдь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ (tvrĭdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ (tvrĭdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твърд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd) (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twierdza"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: twierdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: twierdza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvьrdъ",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "*tvьrdъ + *-ь",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tvьrdъ + *-ь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvьrdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvьrdь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to make",
"word": "tvorìti"
},
{
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȃrь"
},
{
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȏrъ"
},
{
"english": "firm, hard, solid",
"word": "tvь̑rdъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ь"
],
"glosses": [
"citadel, firmament"
],
"links": [
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tvьrdь"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.