"kǫsati" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See kǫsati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei from an earlier form **kanˀdtei. Per Vasmer, derived from *kǫ̑sъ (“piece”); but per Trubachev, the noun is derived from the verb. Cognate with Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”) (1sg. kándu), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”) (1sg. kuôžu). Possibly cognate with some or all of Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”), Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”). Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, from which a Proto-Indo-European root such as *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)- can be constructed. Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*kanˀstei}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei, {{cog|lt|ką́sti||to bite}} Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”), {{cog|lv|kuôst||to bite}} Latvian kuôst (“to bite”), {{cog|grc|κνώδων||knife, blade, prong}} Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), {{cog|goh|hantag||sharp, cutting}} Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), {{cog|sa|खादति|t=to chew, to bite|tr=khā́dati}} Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), {{cog|fa|خاییدن|t=to chew|tr=xâyidan}} Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), {{cog|xcl|խածանեմ||to bite}} Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*kanˀd-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1}} Forms: kǫsàti [canonical, imperfective], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], kǫsanьje [noun-from-verb], kǫsati [infinitive], kǫsatъ [supine], kǫsalъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], kǫsanъ [participle, passive, past], kǫsajemъ [participle, passive, present], kǫsavъ [active, participle, past], kǫsaję [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], kǫsaxъ [aorist, first-person, singular], kǫsa [aorist, second-person, singular], kǫsa [aorist, singular, third-person], kǫsajǫ [first-person, present, singular], kǫsaješi [present, second-person, singular], kǫsajetь [present, singular, third-person], kǫsaxově [aorist, dual, first-person], kǫsasta [aorist, dual, second-person], kǫsaste [aorist, dual, third-person], kǫsajevě [dual, first-person, present], kǫsajeta [dual, present, second-person], kǫsajete [dual, present, third-person], kǫsaxomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], kǫsaste [aorist, plural, second-person], kǫsašę [aorist, plural, third-person], kǫsajemъ [first-person, plural, present], kǫsajete [plural, present, second-person], kǫsajǫtь [plural, present, third-person], kǫsaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], kǫsaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], kǫsaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], kǫsaji [imperative, second-person, singular], kǫsaji [imperative, singular, third-person], kǫsaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], kǫsaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], kǫsaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], kǫsajivě [dual, first-person, imperative], kǫsajita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], kǫsaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], kǫsaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], kǫsaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], kǫsajimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], kǫsajite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to bite Wikipedia link: Marko Snoj, Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Related terms: kǫ̑sъ (english: piece), čęstь (english: part)

Download JSON data for kǫsati meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кѫсати",
            "3": "кусати"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кѫсати (kǫsati), кусати (kusati)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кѫсати (kǫsati), кусати (kusati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "куса́ць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: куса́ць (kusácʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: куса́ць (kusácʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "куса́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: куса́ть (kusátʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: куса́ть (kusátʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "куса́ти"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: куса́ти (kusáty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: куса́ти (kusáty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: кѫсати (kǫsati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱄⰰⱅⰻ (kǫsati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "къ́сам"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: къ́сам (kǎ́sam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: къ́сам (kǎ́sam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "каса"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: каса (kasa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: каса (kasa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ку́сати",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку́сати",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ку́сати"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "kúsati",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: kúsati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: kúsati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "kọ̑sati",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kọ̑sati",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kọ̑sati"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kọ̑sati (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: kọ̑sati (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "kousat"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: kousat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: kousat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "kǫsĕt"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: kǫsĕt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: kǫsĕt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kąsać"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kąsać",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kąsać, (archaic) kęsać"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kúsať"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: kúsať",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: kúsať"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "kusać"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kusać",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: kusać"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "kusaś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kusaś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: kusaś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kanˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ką́sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kuôst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kuôst (“to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κνώδων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "knife, blade, prong"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hantag",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp, cutting"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "खादति",
        "t": "to chew, to bite",
        "tr": "khā́dati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "خاییدن",
        "t": "to chew",
        "tr": "xâyidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "խածանեմ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kanˀd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei from an earlier form **kanˀdtei.\nPer Vasmer, derived from *kǫ̑sъ (“piece”); but per Trubachev, the noun is derived from the verb. Cognate with Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”) (1sg. kándu), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”) (1sg. kuôžu). Possibly cognate with some or all of Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”), Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”). Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, from which a Proto-Indo-European root such as *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)- can be constructed.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kǫsàti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsanьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsatъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsalъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsanъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsavъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaję",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaješi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsašę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "id": "en-kǫsati-sla-pro-verb-Swb~XZyh",
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "piece",
          "word": "kǫ̑sъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "part",
          "word": "čęstь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kǫsati"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кѫсати",
            "3": "кусати"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кѫсати (kǫsati), кусати (kusati)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кѫсати (kǫsati), кусати (kusati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "куса́ць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: куса́ць (kusácʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: куса́ць (kusácʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "куса́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: куса́ть (kusátʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: куса́ть (kusátʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "куса́ти"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: куса́ти (kusáty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: куса́ти (kusáty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: кѫсати (kǫsati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱄⰰⱅⰻ (kǫsati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "къ́сам"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: къ́сам (kǎ́sam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: къ́сам (kǎ́sam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "каса"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: каса (kasa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: каса (kasa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ку́сати",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку́сати",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ку́сати"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "kúsati",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: kúsati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: kúsati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "kọ̑sati",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kọ̑sati",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kọ̑sati"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kọ̑sati (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: kọ̑sati (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "kousat"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: kousat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: kousat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "kǫsĕt"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: kǫsĕt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: kǫsĕt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kąsać"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kąsać",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kąsać, (archaic) kęsać"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kúsať"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: kúsať",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: kúsať"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "kusać"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kusać",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: kusać"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "kusaś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kusaś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: kusaś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kanˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ką́sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kuôst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kuôst (“to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κνώδων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "knife, blade, prong"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hantag",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp, cutting"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "खादति",
        "t": "to chew, to bite",
        "tr": "khā́dati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "خاییدن",
        "t": "to chew",
        "tr": "xâyidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "խածանեմ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kanˀd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei from an earlier form **kanˀdtei.\nPer Vasmer, derived from *kǫ̑sъ (“piece”); but per Trubachev, the noun is derived from the verb. Cognate with Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”) (1sg. kándu), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”) (1sg. kuôžu). Possibly cognate with some or all of Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”), Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”). Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, from which a Proto-Indo-European root such as *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)- can be constructed.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kǫsàti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsanьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsatъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsalъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsanъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsavъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaję",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaješi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsašę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kǫsajite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "piece",
      "word": "kǫ̑sъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "part",
      "word": "čęstь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
        "Slovene terms with quotations",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kǫsati"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.