See dupa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dupa meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "*дупа"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: *дупа (*dupa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: *дупа (*dupa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ду́па",
"3": "дуп",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ду́па (dúpa), дуп m (dup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ду́па (dúpa), дуп m (dup)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ду́пка",
"3": "дупе",
"4": "дуп",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ду́пка (dúpka), дупе n (dupe), дуп m (dup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ду́пка (dúpka), дупе n (dupe), дуп m (dup)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дупка"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: дупка (dupka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: дупка (dupka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ду̏пка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ду̏пка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ду̏пка, ду̏пе n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: dȕpka, dȕpe n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dúpa",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dúpa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dúpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dúpa (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dúpa (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "dúpa",
"3": "dúpě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: dúpa, dúpě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: dúpa, dúpě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "doupa",
"3": "dupa",
"4": "doupě",
"g3": "n"
},
"expansion": "Czech: doupa, dupa, doupě n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: doupa, dupa, doupě n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "dúpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: dúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: dúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "dupa",
"3": "duṕe",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: dupa, duṕe n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: dupa, duṕe n"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*daupāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*daupāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰowp-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ďupa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *ďupa",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daubà",
"3": "",
"4": "ravine, hole, burrow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian daubà (“ravine, hole, burrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deupaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *deupaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂, from *dʰewp-, alternative form of *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Doublet of *ďupa. Alternatively a Germanic borrowing.\nCompare Lithuanian daubà (“ravine, hole, burrow”), Proto-Germanic *deupaz (> Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups, “deep”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dupъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dupamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dupami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dupa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hole",
"word": "dupina"
},
{
"word": "dupiti"
},
{
"word": "dupьnъ"
},
{
"english": "hollow",
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "dupľa"
},
{
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplina"
},
{
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplьje"
},
{
"english": "hollow",
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"id": "en-dupa-sla-pro-noun-Oe5FUZcH",
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "valley, ravine",
"word": "dьbrь"
},
{
"english": "bottom",
"word": "dъno"
},
{
"english": "hole",
"word": "ďupa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ama"
},
{
"word": "dupę"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "dupa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "hole",
"word": "dupina"
},
{
"word": "dupiti"
},
{
"word": "dupьnъ"
},
{
"english": "hollow",
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "dupľa"
},
{
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplina"
},
{
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplьje"
},
{
"english": "hollow",
"sense": "*duplo (“hole, hollow, cavity”)",
"word": "duplь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "*дупа"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: *дупа (*dupa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: *дупа (*dupa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ду́па"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ду́па (dúpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ду́па (dúpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ду́па",
"3": "дуп",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ду́па (dúpa), дуп m (dup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ду́па (dúpa), дуп m (dup)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ду́пка",
"3": "дупе",
"4": "дуп",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ду́пка (dúpka), дупе n (dupe), дуп m (dup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ду́пка (dúpka), дупе n (dupe), дуп m (dup)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дупка"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: дупка (dupka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: дупка (dupka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ду̏пка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ду̏пка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ду̏пка, ду̏пе n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: dȕpka, dȕpe n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dúpa",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dúpa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dúpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dúpa (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dúpa (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "dúpa",
"3": "dúpě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: dúpa, dúpě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: dúpa, dúpě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "doupa",
"3": "dupa",
"4": "doupě",
"g3": "n"
},
"expansion": "Czech: doupa, dupa, doupě n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: doupa, dupa, doupě n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "dúpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: dúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: dúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "dupa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: dupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: dupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "dupa",
"3": "duṕe",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: dupa, duṕe n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: dupa, duṕe n"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*daupāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*daupāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰowp-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ďupa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *ďupa",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daubà",
"3": "",
"4": "ravine, hole, burrow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian daubà (“ravine, hole, burrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deupaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *deupaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂, from *dʰewp-, alternative form of *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Doublet of *ďupa. Alternatively a Germanic borrowing.\nCompare Lithuanian daubà (“ravine, hole, burrow”), Proto-Germanic *deupaz (> Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups, “deep”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dupъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dupamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dupami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dupo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dupy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dupa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "valley, ravine",
"word": "dьbrь"
},
{
"english": "bottom",
"word": "dъno"
},
{
"english": "hole",
"word": "ďupa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic doublets",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewp-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ama"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dupę"
}
],
"word": "dupa"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.