"běda" meaning in Proto-Slavic

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bědica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "bědъka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "poor",
      "word": "bědьnъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "calamity",
      "word": "bědьstvьje"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "wretch",
      "word": "bědunъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "бѣда"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "бѣда́",
            "3": "бида́"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "бяда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "біда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "беда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: беда́ (bedá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: беда́ (bedá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "бѣда",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰱⱑⰴⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "беда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "бе́да"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: бе́да (béda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: бе́да (béda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бе́да",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: бе́да",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: бе́да, бије́да"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "béda",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: béda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: béda, bijéda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bẹ́da",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bẹ́da",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bẹ́da"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "bída",
            "3": "běda",
            "t": "poverty, misery",
            "t2": "woe!"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "biéda"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: biéda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: biéda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "biada"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: biada",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: biada"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "bieda",
            "3": "biada",
            "t": "poverty",
            "t2": "woe"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "bieda",
            "3": "beda"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: bieda, beda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: bieda, beda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "běda"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: běda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: běda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "běda"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: běda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: běda"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "be"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian be",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeydʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cajole, force, compel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oath",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian be f (“oath”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "foedus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "treaty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin foedus (“treaty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "baĩdas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bojati",
        "3": "*-da",
        "pos2": "locative suffix",
        "t1": "to fear"
      },
      "expansion": "*bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bėdà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "misfortune, guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bēda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "misfortune, guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰedʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bãdas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bads",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bads (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "बाधा",
        "t": "hardship, suffering"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Opinions alternate between:\n* Meyer (in context to Albanian be): Via earlier *báidāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”), cognate with Albanian be f (“oath”), Latin foedus (“treaty”). Probably also akin to Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”) (per Martynov). Lyapunov (ИОРЯС XXXI) further interprets the etymon as *bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix). In contrast, Milleit views it as a deverbial from *běditi (“to compel, to coerce”) (doubted by Trubačev).\n* Derksen, Smoczyński: Cognate with Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”), Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”), presumably from *bḗdāˀ, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”). Further akin to Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”), Latvian bads (“hunger”), possibly Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”).\nConvergence of the two sources cannot be excluded either.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bě̄dà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dǫ̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dòjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bě̄dà",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běda",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "to compel, to coerce, to defeat; to persuade, to slander, to cuss",
      "word": "běditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "unfairness; not certain",
      "word": "obida"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "trouble, misery, misfortune"
      ],
      "id": "en-běda-sla-pro-noun-y2Sg9C-D",
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "adversity, calamity"
      ],
      "id": "en-běda-sla-pro-noun-bNISbWJf",
      "links": [
        [
          "adversity",
          "adversity"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 4 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 5 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poverty, need"
      ],
      "id": "en-běda-sla-pro-noun-u5rBZPbn",
      "links": [
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) poverty, need"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "běda"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bědica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "bědъka"
    },
    {
      "english": "poor",
      "word": "bědьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "calamity",
      "word": "bědьstvьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "wretch",
      "word": "bědunъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "бѣда"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "бѣда́",
            "3": "бида́"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "бяда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "біда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "беда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: беда́ (bedá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: беда́ (bedá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "бѣда",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰱⱑⰴⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "беда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "бе́да"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: бе́да (béda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: бе́да (béda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бе́да",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: бе́да",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: бе́да, бије́да"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "béda",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: béda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: béda, bijéda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bẹ́da",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bẹ́da",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bẹ́da"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "bída",
            "3": "běda",
            "t": "poverty, misery",
            "t2": "woe!"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "biéda"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: biéda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: biéda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "biada"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: biada",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: biada"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "bieda",
            "3": "biada",
            "t": "poverty",
            "t2": "woe"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "bieda",
            "3": "beda"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: bieda, beda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: bieda, beda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "běda"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: běda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: běda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "běda"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: běda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: běda"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "be"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian be",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeydʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cajole, force, compel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oath",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian be f (“oath”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "foedus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "treaty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin foedus (“treaty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "baĩdas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bojati",
        "3": "*-da",
        "pos2": "locative suffix",
        "t1": "to fear"
      },
      "expansion": "*bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bėdà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "misfortune, guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bēda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "misfortune, guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰedʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bãdas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bads",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bads (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "बाधा",
        "t": "hardship, suffering"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Opinions alternate between:\n* Meyer (in context to Albanian be): Via earlier *báidāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”), cognate with Albanian be f (“oath”), Latin foedus (“treaty”). Probably also akin to Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”) (per Martynov). Lyapunov (ИОРЯС XXXI) further interprets the etymon as *bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix). In contrast, Milleit views it as a deverbial from *běditi (“to compel, to coerce”) (doubted by Trubačev).\n* Derksen, Smoczyński: Cognate with Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”), Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”), presumably from *bḗdāˀ, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”). Further akin to Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”), Latvian bads (“hunger”), possibly Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”).\nConvergence of the two sources cannot be excluded either.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bě̄dà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dǫ̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dòjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dàxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̃dě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bě̄dỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bě̄dà",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běda",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to compel, to coerce, to defeat; to persuade, to slander, to cuss",
      "word": "běditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "unfairness; not certain",
      "word": "obida"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "trouble, misery, misfortune"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "adversity, calamity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adversity",
          "adversity"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "poverty, need"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) poverty, need"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "běda"
}