See -ь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ь meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -is",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ь f Forms nouns:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjǫ",
"roman": "-jǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)"
},
{
"text": "golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)"
},
{
"text": "bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)"
},
{
"text": "glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)"
},
{
"text": "moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)"
},
{
"text": "četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-6F7s4AvY",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ota"
},
{
"word": "*-yni"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 50 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)"
},
{
"text": "oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)"
},
{
"text": "dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)"
},
{
"text": "opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti"
},
{
"text": "orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From participles"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-Jp2NO5un",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ica"
},
{
"word": "*-ъka"
},
{
"word": "*-ъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)"
},
{
"text": "blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)"
},
{
"text": "gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)"
},
{
"text": "rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)"
},
{
"text": "mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-ne5D7GaP",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -is",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ь f Forms nouns:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjǫ",
"roman": "-jǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)"
},
{
"text": "golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)"
},
{
"text": "bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)"
},
{
"text": "glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)"
},
{
"text": "moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)"
},
{
"text": "četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ota"
},
{
"word": "*-yni"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)"
},
{
"text": "oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)"
},
{
"text": "dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)"
},
{
"text": "opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti"
},
{
"text": "orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From participles"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ica"
},
{
"word": "*-ъka"
},
{
"word": "*-ъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)"
},
{
"text": "blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)"
},
{
"text": "gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)"
},
{
"text": "rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)"
},
{
"text": "mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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