See pī́ts in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pī́ts meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits-ko-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*piHtú",
"t": "fat, tallow; food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒊭𒂵𒀭",
"t": "(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin",
"tr": "ša-ga-an"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”), compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”). Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pī́ts m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pī́ts",
"2": "pits",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Albanian: pisë"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "peshgve"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pɨg"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pik"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"id": "en-pī́ts-ine-pro-noun-FnBj0yi-",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʷétu"
},
{
"word": "*sokʷós"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "→ Baltic",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "piķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "→ Baltic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "pìkis"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"word": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pьkъlъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pьkъlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"word": "pьcьlъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "pítus",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πίτῠς"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"english": "resin tree",
"roman": "pī́tudāru",
"sense": "Sanskrit: *pī́tu",
"word": "⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *pīnos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "pīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"english": "pine tree",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *pitšā; Albanian",
"word": "píshë"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"english": "pitch, resin",
"roman": "píssa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "Ancient Greek: πίσσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"english": "pitch, tar",
"roman": "pesa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "πίτταGreek: πίσσαPontic Greek: πίσσα→ Ge'ez: ፔሳ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"roman": "pʻis",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "ፒሳ→? Laz: ფისა→? Mingrelian: ფირსა→? Old Georgian: ფისიGeorgian: ფისი→ Armenian: փիս"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"roman": "pisi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "փիսի→ Bats: ფის→ Ossetian: писи"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"roman": "pise",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "песи→? Svan: ფისე→ Turkish: pise"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pusa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püse"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "bise"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pis"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püs"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pus"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "piz"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püz"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "pürz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"id": "en-pī́ts-ine-pro-noun-VlUbTPel",
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pī́ts"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Albanian: pisë"
},
{
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "peshgve"
},
{
"sense": "→ Baltic",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "piķis"
},
{
"sense": "→ Baltic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "pìkis"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pɨg"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pik"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"word": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pьkъlъ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pьkъlo"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "⇒ Late Latin: picula",
"word": "pьcьlъ"
},
{
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "pítus",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πίτῠς"
},
{
"english": "resin tree",
"roman": "pī́tudāru",
"sense": "Sanskrit: *pī́tu",
"word": "⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु"
},
{
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *pīnos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "pīnus"
},
{
"english": "pine tree",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *pitšā; Albanian",
"word": "píshë"
},
{
"english": "pitch, resin",
"roman": "píssa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "Ancient Greek: πίσσα"
},
{
"english": "pitch, tar",
"roman": "pesa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "πίτταGreek: πίσσαPontic Greek: πίσσα→ Ge'ez: ፔሳ"
},
{
"roman": "pʻis",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "ፒሳ→? Laz: ფისა→? Mingrelian: ფირსა→? Old Georgian: ფისიGeorgian: ფისი→ Armenian: փիս"
},
{
"roman": "pisi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "փիսի→ Bats: ფის→ Ossetian: писи"
},
{
"roman": "pise",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "песи→? Svan: ფისე→ Turkish: pise"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pusa"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püse"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "bise"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pis"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püs"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "pus"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "piz"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"word": "püz"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "pürz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits-ko-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*piHtú",
"t": "fat, tallow; food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒊭𒂵𒀭",
"t": "(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin",
"tr": "ša-ga-an"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”), compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”). Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pī́ts m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pī́ts",
"2": "pits",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʷétu"
},
{
"word": "*sokʷós"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pī́ts"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.