See gʷéru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʷéru meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*beru",
"t": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *beru (“spit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *beru (“spit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kweru",
"t": "sharp stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kweru (“sharp stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kweru (“sharp stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 (qairu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 (qairu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gráw",
"3": "*gáru",
"t2": "stick, hollow reed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gráw, *gáru (“stick, hollow reed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gráw, *gáru (“stick, hollow reed”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀",
"t": "staff"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀 (grava, “staff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀 (grava, “staff”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇",
"t": "cane, reed"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇 (grww, “cane, reed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇 (grww, “cane, reed”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غرو",
"tr": "ğarv"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غرو (ğarv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غرو (ğarv)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷeru",
"t": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷeru (“spit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷeru (“spit”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷéru n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷéru",
"2": "gʷréw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷéru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"id": "en-gʷéru-ine-pro-noun-Y~ThWaK-",
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"spear, throwing spear"
],
"id": "en-gʷéru-ine-pro-noun-xEfjdTmS",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"throwing",
"throwing"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʷéru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*beru",
"t": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *beru (“spit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *beru (“spit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kweru",
"t": "sharp stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kweru (“sharp stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kweru (“sharp stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 (qairu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 (qairu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gráw",
"3": "*gáru",
"t2": "stick, hollow reed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gráw, *gáru (“stick, hollow reed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gráw, *gáru (“stick, hollow reed”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀",
"t": "staff"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀 (grava, “staff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀 (grava, “staff”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇",
"t": "cane, reed"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇 (grww, “cane, reed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇 (grww, “cane, reed”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غرو",
"tr": "ğarv"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غرو (ğarv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غرو (ğarv)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷeru",
"t": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷeru (“spit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷeru (“spit”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷéru n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷéru",
"2": "gʷréw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷéru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Spears"
],
"glosses": [
"spear, throwing spear"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"throwing",
"throwing"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʷéru"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.