See þū in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þū meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þū\nOld English: þū, ðū\nMiddle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha; thow, thu, du\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'\nOld Frisian: thū\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: dü\nHalligen: du\nHeligoland: di\nSaterland Frisian: du\nWest Frisian: do, dû\nOld Saxon: thū\nMiddle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)\nLow German: du, diu (Westphalian)\nOld Dutch: thū, tu\nMiddle Dutch: du\nDutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw\nLimburgish: doe\nOld High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ (du)\nMiddle High German: du\nAlemannic German: du\nSwabian: dau, d\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: du\nMòcheno: du\nCentral Franconian: du, dou\nHunsrik: du\nKölsch: do\nGerman: du\nLuxembourgish: du\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: du\nPennsylvania German: du\nYiddish: דו (du)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þū\nOld English: þū, ðū\nMiddle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha; thow, thu, du\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'\nOld Frisian: thū\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: dü\nHalligen: du\nHeligoland: di\nSaterland Frisian: du\nWest Frisian: do, dû\nOld Saxon: thū\nMiddle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)\nLow German: du, diu (Westphalian)\nOld Dutch: thū, tu\nMiddle Dutch: du\nDutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw\nLimburgish: doe\nOld High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ (du)\nMiddle High German: du\nAlemannic German: du\nSwabian: dau, d\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: du\nMòcheno: du\nCentral Franconian: du, dou\nHunsrik: du\nKölsch: do\nGerman: du\nLuxembourgish: du\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: du\nPennsylvania German: du\nYiddish: דו (du)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þú"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nIcelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nFaroese: tú\nNorwegian Nynorsk: du\nNorwegian Bokmål: du\nJamtish: dú\nElfdalian: du\nOld Swedish: þū\nSwedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)\nOld Danish: thu\nDanish: du",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nIcelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nFaroese: tú\nNorwegian Nynorsk: du\nNorwegian Bokmål: du\nJamtish: dú\nElfdalian: du\nOld Swedish: þū\nSwedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)\nOld Danish: thu\nDanish: du"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "tzo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: tzo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: tzo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-ppron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ek (unstr. *ik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mek (unstr. *mik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þek (unstr. *þik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wet (unstr. *wit)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unkeraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkweraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "wīz (unstr. *wiz)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jūz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "uns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unsiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unseraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izweraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-ppron"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þū",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you (singular), thou"
],
"id": "en-þū-gem-pro-pron-0Bli-kj2",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/"
}
],
"word": "þū"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þū\nOld English: þū, ðū\nMiddle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha; thow, thu, du\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'\nOld Frisian: thū\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: dü\nHalligen: du\nHeligoland: di\nSaterland Frisian: du\nWest Frisian: do, dû\nOld Saxon: thū\nMiddle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)\nLow German: du, diu (Westphalian)\nOld Dutch: thū, tu\nMiddle Dutch: du\nDutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw\nLimburgish: doe\nOld High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ (du)\nMiddle High German: du\nAlemannic German: du\nSwabian: dau, d\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: du\nMòcheno: du\nCentral Franconian: du, dou\nHunsrik: du\nKölsch: do\nGerman: du\nLuxembourgish: du\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: du\nPennsylvania German: du\nYiddish: דו (du)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þū\nOld English: þū, ðū\nMiddle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha; thow, thu, du\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'\nOld Frisian: thū\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: dü\nHalligen: du\nHeligoland: di\nSaterland Frisian: du\nWest Frisian: do, dû\nOld Saxon: thū\nMiddle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)\nLow German: du, diu (Westphalian)\nOld Dutch: thū, tu\nMiddle Dutch: du\nDutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw\nLimburgish: doe\nOld High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ (du)\nMiddle High German: du\nAlemannic German: du\nSwabian: dau, d\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: du\nMòcheno: du\nCentral Franconian: du, dou\nHunsrik: du\nKölsch: do\nGerman: du\nLuxembourgish: du\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: du\nPennsylvania German: du\nYiddish: דו (du)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þú"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nIcelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nFaroese: tú\nNorwegian Nynorsk: du\nNorwegian Bokmål: du\nJamtish: dú\nElfdalian: du\nOld Swedish: þū\nSwedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)\nOld Danish: thu\nDanish: du",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nIcelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu\nFaroese: tú\nNorwegian Nynorsk: du\nNorwegian Bokmål: du\nJamtish: dú\nElfdalian: du\nOld Swedish: þū\nSwedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)\nOld Danish: thu\nDanish: du"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "tzo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: tzo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: tzo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-ppron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ek (unstr. *ik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mek (unstr. *mik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þek (unstr. *þik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wet (unstr. *wit)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unkeraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "inkweraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "wīz (unstr. *wiz)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jūz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*se-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "uns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sek (unstr. *sik)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unsiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"instrumental",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "unseraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "izweraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-ppron"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þū",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic personal pronouns",
"Proto-Germanic pronouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"you (singular), thou"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/"
}
],
"word": "þū"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.