"ruka" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See ruka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: table Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ (whence Icelandic hrúga). Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|haycock}} table, {{bor|urj-fin-pro|gem-pro|*hrūgǭ}} Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ, {{cog|is|hrúga}} Icelandic hrúga Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|ruka}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ruka [nominative, singular], rugat [nominative, plural], rugan [accusative, singular], rugat [accusative, plural], rugan [genitive, singular], rukadën [genitive, plural], rukëidën [genitive, plural], rukada [partitive, singular], rukëida [partitive, plural], rugassa [inessive, singular], rugahna [inessive, singular], rugëissa [inessive, plural], rugëihna [inessive, plural], rugasta [elative, singular], rugëista [elative, plural], rukahën [illative, singular], rukëihën [illative, plural], rugalla [adessive, singular], rugëilla [adessive, plural], rugalta [ablative, singular], rugëilta [ablative, plural], rukalën [allative, singular], rukalëk [allative, singular], rukëilën [allative, plural], rukëilëk [allative, plural], rukana [essive, singular], rukëina [essive, plural], rugaksi [singular, translative], rugëiksi [plural, translative], rugan [instructive, singular], rugëin [instructive, plural], rukanëk [comitative, singular], rukëinëk [comitative, plural], rugatta [abessive, singular], rugëitta [abessive, plural]
  1. haycock Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *saatto
    Sense id: en-ruka-urj-fin-pro-noun-SnRfPx69 Categories (other): Northern Proto-Finnic, Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei Disambiguation of Northern Proto-Finnic: 71 29 Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header: 75 25 Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei: 90 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Etymology: table Unknown. Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|resin}} table, {{unk|urj-fin-pro}} Unknown Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|ruka}} Forms: Finnic [Northern], no-table-tags [table-tags], ruka [nominative, singular], rugat [nominative, plural], rugan [accusative, singular], rugat [accusative, plural], rugan [genitive, singular], rukadën [genitive, plural], rukëidën [genitive, plural], rukada [partitive, singular], rukëida [partitive, plural], rugassa [inessive, singular], rugahna [inessive, singular], rugëissa [inessive, plural], rugëihna [inessive, plural], rugasta [elative, singular], rugëista [elative, plural], rukahën [illative, singular], rukëihën [illative, plural], rugalla [adessive, singular], rugëilla [adessive, plural], rugalta [ablative, singular], rugëilta [ablative, plural], rukalën [allative, singular], rukalëk [allative, singular], rukëilën [allative, plural], rukëilëk [allative, plural], rukana [essive, singular], rukëina [essive, plural], rugaksi [singular, translative], rugëiksi [plural, translative], rugan [instructive, singular], rugëin [instructive, plural], rukanëk [comitative, singular], rukëinëk [comitative, plural], rugatta [abessive, singular], rugëitta [abessive, plural]
  1. hardened resin Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-ruka-urj-fin-pro-noun-JSdiOKx8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for ruka meaning in Proto-Finnic (9.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "qual"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: (dialectal) ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruko"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: ruko",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: ruko"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "se",
            "2": "ruhku",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ruhku",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Sami: ruhku"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "ruko"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: ruko",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: ruko"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "haycock"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrūgǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrúga"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrúga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nBorrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ (whence Icelandic hrúga).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruka"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Proto-Finnic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "haycock"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruka-urj-fin-pro-noun-SnRfPx69",
      "links": [
        [
          "haycock",
          "haycock"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*saatto"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruka"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruka",
            "q": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: (dialectal) ruka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: (dialectal) ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "ruka"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: ruka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: ruga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "resin"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nUnknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Finnic",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruka"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hardened resin"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruka-urj-fin-pro-noun-JSdiOKx8",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardened",
          "hardened"
        ],
        [
          "resin",
          "resin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruka"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Northern Proto-Finnic",
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
    "Proto-Finnic nouns",
    "Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "qual"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: (dialectal) ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruko"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: ruko",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: ruko"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "se",
            "2": "ruhku",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ruhku",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Sami: ruhku"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "ruko"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: ruko",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: ruko"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "haycock"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrūgǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrúga"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrúga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nBorrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ (whence Icelandic hrúga).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruka"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "haycock"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "haycock",
          "haycock"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*saatto"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruka"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Northern Proto-Finnic",
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
    "Proto-Finnic nouns",
    "Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruka",
            "q": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: (dialectal) ruka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: (dialectal) ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "ruka"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: ruka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: ruka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: ruga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "ruga"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: ruga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: ruga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "resin"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nUnknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Finnic",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukëinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugëitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruka"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hardened resin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardened",
          "hardened"
        ],
        [
          "resin",
          "resin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruka"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.