"leiðangr" meaning in Old Norse

See leiðangr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”). For the sense development of leiðangr, compare English press, press-gang (“the forcing of men into the navy”). See also Old Norse árangr (“produce of the earth brought forth in a year”), einangr (“narrow passage”), and farangr (“baggage”) and Icelandic berangur (“open space”, literally “bare narrowness”). Etymology templates: {{compound|non|leiða|angr|t1=to lead|t2=narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress}} leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”) Head templates: {{head|non|nouns|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=|tr=}} leiðangr m, {{non-noun|m|leiðangrs}} leiðangr m (genitive leiðangrs) Inflection templates: {{non-decl-m-a|leiðangr|leiðǫngr|ns=leiðangr}}, {{non-decl-blank-full|apd=leiðangrana|api=leiðangra|asd=leiðangrinn|asi=leiðangr|dpd=leiðǫngrunum|dpi=leiðǫngrum|dsd=leiðangrinum|dsi=leiðangri|g=masculine|gpd=leiðangranna|gpi=leiðangra|gsd=leiðangrsins|gsi=leiðangrs|notes=|npd=leiðangrarnir|npi=leiðangrar|nsd=leiðangrinn|nsi=leiðangr|stem=strong a-stem|title=leiðangr}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangr|nsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrinn|nsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrar|npi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrarnir|npd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangr|asi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrinn|asd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangra|api}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrana|apd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangri|dsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrinum|dsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðǫngrum|dpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðǫngrunum|dpd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrs|gsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangrsins|gsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangra|gpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|leiðangranna|gpd}} Forms: leiðangrs [genitive], strong [table-tags], leiðangr [indefinite, nominative, singular], leiðangrinn [definite, nominative, singular], leiðangrar [indefinite, nominative, plural], leiðangrarnir [definite, nominative, plural], leiðangr [accusative, indefinite, singular], leiðangrinn [accusative, definite, singular], leiðangra [accusative, indefinite, plural], leiðangrana [accusative, definite, plural], leiðangri [dative, indefinite, singular], leiðangrinum [dative, definite, singular], leiðǫngrum [dative, indefinite, plural], leiðǫngrunum [dative, definite, plural], leiðangrs [genitive, indefinite, singular], leiðangrsins [definite, genitive, singular], leiðangra [genitive, indefinite, plural], leiðangranna [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. lething; a levy, especially by sea (including men, ships and money) Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Military
    Sense id: en-leiðangr-non-noun-BGNa-hWz Disambiguation of Military: 100 0 Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header, Old Norse entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 97 3 Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with topic categories using raw markup: 97 3
  2. war contribution, war tax Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-leiðangr-non-noun-9A66EUFz

Download JSON data for leiðangr meaning in Old Norse (6.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "leiðangur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: leiðangur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: leiðangur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "leidang"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: leidang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: leidang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "leidang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: leidang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: leidang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ledung"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: ledung",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: ledung"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "leding"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: leding",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: leding"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "leding"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: leding",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: leding"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lething",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: lething",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: lething"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "лейданг",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: лейданг (lejdang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: лейданг (lejdang)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "leiða",
        "3": "angr",
        "t1": "to lead",
        "t2": "narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress"
      },
      "expansion": "leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”). For the sense development of leiðangr, compare English press, press-gang (“the forcing of men into the navy”). See also Old Norse árangr (“produce of the earth brought forth in a year”), einangr (“narrow passage”), and farangr (“baggage”) and Icelandic berangur (“open space”, literally “bare narrowness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "leiðangrs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-m-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrarnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðǫngrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðǫngrunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangranna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "leiðangr m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "leiðangrs"
      },
      "expansion": "leiðangr m (genitive leiðangrs)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "leiðǫngr",
        "ns": "leiðangr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-m-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "leiðangrana",
        "api": "leiðangra",
        "asd": "leiðangrinn",
        "asi": "leiðangr",
        "dpd": "leiðǫngrunum",
        "dpi": "leiðǫngrum",
        "dsd": "leiðangrinum",
        "dsi": "leiðangri",
        "g": "masculine",
        "gpd": "leiðangranna",
        "gpi": "leiðangra",
        "gsd": "leiðangrsins",
        "gsi": "leiðangrs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "leiðangrarnir",
        "npi": "leiðangrar",
        "nsd": "leiðangrinn",
        "nsi": "leiðangr",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "leiðangr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinn",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrar",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrarnir",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinn",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangra",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrana",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangri",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinum",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðǫngrum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðǫngrunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangra",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangranna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "non",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "non:Military",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lething; a levy, especially by sea (including men, ships and money)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leiðangr-non-noun-BGNa-hWz",
      "links": [
        [
          "lething",
          "lething#English"
        ],
        [
          "levy",
          "levy#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "war contribution, war tax"
      ],
      "id": "en-leiðangr-non-noun-9A66EUFz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "leiðangr"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Norse compound terms",
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Old Norse masculine nouns",
    "Old Norse nouns",
    "non:Military"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "leiðangur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: leiðangur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: leiðangur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "leidang"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: leidang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: leidang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "leidang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: leidang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: leidang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ledung"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: ledung",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: ledung"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "leding"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: leding",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: leding"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "leding"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: leding",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: leding"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lething",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: lething",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: lething"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "лейданг",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: лейданг (lejdang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: лейданг (lejdang)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "leiða",
        "3": "angr",
        "t1": "to lead",
        "t2": "narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress"
      },
      "expansion": "leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From leiða (“to lead”) + angr (“narrowing, tightening, squeezing”, the literal sense behind “affliction, distress”). For the sense development of leiðangr, compare English press, press-gang (“the forcing of men into the navy”). See also Old Norse árangr (“produce of the earth brought forth in a year”), einangr (“narrow passage”), and farangr (“baggage”) and Icelandic berangur (“open space”, literally “bare narrowness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "leiðangrs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-m-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrarnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrinum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðǫngrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðǫngrunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangrsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiðangranna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "leiðangr m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "leiðangrs"
      },
      "expansion": "leiðangr m (genitive leiðangrs)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "leiðǫngr",
        "ns": "leiðangr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-m-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "leiðangrana",
        "api": "leiðangra",
        "asd": "leiðangrinn",
        "asi": "leiðangr",
        "dpd": "leiðǫngrunum",
        "dpi": "leiðǫngrum",
        "dsd": "leiðangrinum",
        "dsi": "leiðangri",
        "g": "masculine",
        "gpd": "leiðangranna",
        "gpi": "leiðangra",
        "gsd": "leiðangrsins",
        "gsi": "leiðangrs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "leiðangrarnir",
        "npi": "leiðangrar",
        "nsd": "leiðangrinn",
        "nsi": "leiðangr",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "leiðangr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinn",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrar",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrarnir",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangr",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinn",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangra",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrana",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangri",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrinum",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðǫngrum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðǫngrunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangrsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangra",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "leiðangranna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lething; a levy, especially by sea (including men, ships and money)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lething",
          "lething#English"
        ],
        [
          "levy",
          "levy#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "war contribution, war tax"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "leiðangr"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.