"bruir" meaning in Old French

See bruir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Borrowed from Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”). Etymology templates: {{bor|fro|frk|*brōan|*brōjan|t=to boil, burn}} Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”) Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} bruir Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-iii|fut=bruir|ier=yes|pastp=broï,bruï|pres=brui|pret=bro|pret2=bru|prettype=weak-i|prettype2=weak-i}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bruir [infinitive], avoir broï [infinitive, multiword-construction], bruï [infinitive, multiword-construction], en bruiant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], bruiant [participle, present], broï [participle, past], bruï [participle, past], brui [first-person, indicative, present, singular], bruis [indicative, present, second-person, singular], bruit [indicative, present, singular, third-person], bruions [first-person, indicative, plural, present], bruiiez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], bruient [indicative, plural, present, third-person], bruioie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], bruieie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], bruioies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], bruieies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], bruioit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], bruieit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], bruiiiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], bruiiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], bruiiiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], bruiiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], bruioient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], bruieient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], broï [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], bruï [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], broïs [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], bruïs [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], broï [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], bruï [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], broïmes [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], bruïmes [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], broïstes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], bruïstes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], broïrent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], bruïrent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], bruirai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], bruiras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], bruira [future, indicative, singular, third-person], bruirons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], bruiroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], bruireiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], bruirez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], bruiront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], bruiroie [conditional, first-person, singular], bruireie [conditional, first-person, singular], bruiroies [conditional, second-person, singular], bruireies [conditional, second-person, singular], bruiroit [conditional, singular, third-person], bruireit [conditional, singular, third-person], bruiriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], bruiriens [conditional, first-person, plural], bruiriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], bruiriez [conditional, plural, second-person], bruiroient [conditional, plural, third-person], bruireient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], bruie [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], bruies [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bruie [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bruiiens [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], bruions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], bruiiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], bruient [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], broïsse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], bruïsse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], broïsses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bruïsses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], broïst [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bruïst [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], broïssons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], broïssiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], bruïssons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], bruïssiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], broïssoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], broïssez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], broïssiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bruïssoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bruïssez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bruïssiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], broïssent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], bruïssent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], brui [imperative, second-person, singular], bruions [first-person, imperative, plural], bruiiez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to burn
    Sense id: en-bruir-fro-verb-rR54mkCl Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -ir, Old French verbs with weak-i preterite

Download JSON data for bruir meaning in Old French (13.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "bruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: bruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: bruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "brouir"
          },
          "expansion": "French: brouir",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: brouir (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "brusler",
            "3": "bruller",
            "4": "bruler",
            "5": "bruiller",
            "6": "broiller",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old French: brusler, bruller, bruler, bruiller, broiller",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō"
          },
          "expansion": "(merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old French: brusler, bruller, bruler, bruiller, broiller (merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "brusler"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: brusler\nFrench: brûler",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: brusler\nFrench: brûler"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcd",
            "2": "bruleu"
          },
          "expansion": "Picard: bruleu",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Athois"
          },
          "expansion": "(Athois)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Picard: bruleu (Athois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "brûler"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: brûler",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Charleroi"
          },
          "expansion": "(Charleroi)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Forrières"
          },
          "expansion": "(Forrières)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Liégeois"
          },
          "expansion": "(Liégeois)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: brûler (Charleroi), brûlè (Forrières), broûler (Liégeois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "broilen",
            "3": "broillen",
            "4": "broylen",
            "5": "broyllen",
            "6": "brulen",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: broilen, broillen, broylen, broyllen, brulen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: broilen, broillen, broylen, broyllen, brulen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "broil"
          },
          "expansion": "English: broil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: broil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "brule",
            "3": "brole",
            "4": "brulye",
            "5": "bruilye",
            "6": "brulyie",
            "7": "bruilyie",
            "8": "bryle",
            "9": "broolie"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: brule, brole, brulye, bruilye, brulyie, bruilyie, bryle, broolie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: brule, brole, brulye, bruilye, brulyie, bruilyie, bryle, broolie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to boil, burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-iii",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en bruiant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïstes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïstes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïsses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïsses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruir",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "fut": "bruir",
        "ier": "yes",
        "pastp": "broï,bruï",
        "pres": "brui",
        "pret": "bro",
        "pret2": "bru",
        "prettype": "weak-i",
        "prettype2": "weak-i"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -ir",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-i preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruir-fro-verb-rR54mkCl",
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruir"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "bruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: bruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: bruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "brouir"
          },
          "expansion": "French: brouir",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: brouir (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "brusler",
            "3": "bruller",
            "4": "bruler",
            "5": "bruiller",
            "6": "broiller",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old French: brusler, bruller, bruler, bruiller, broiller",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō"
          },
          "expansion": "(merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old French: brusler, bruller, bruler, bruiller, broiller (merger with Old French usler, from Latin ustulō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "brusler"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: brusler\nFrench: brûler",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: brusler\nFrench: brûler"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcd",
            "2": "bruleu"
          },
          "expansion": "Picard: bruleu",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Athois"
          },
          "expansion": "(Athois)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Picard: bruleu (Athois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "brûler"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: brûler",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Charleroi"
          },
          "expansion": "(Charleroi)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Forrières"
          },
          "expansion": "(Forrières)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Liégeois"
          },
          "expansion": "(Liégeois)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: brûler (Charleroi), brûlè (Forrières), broûler (Liégeois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "broilen",
            "3": "broillen",
            "4": "broylen",
            "5": "broyllen",
            "6": "brulen",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: broilen, broillen, broylen, broyllen, brulen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: broilen, broillen, broylen, broyllen, brulen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "broil"
          },
          "expansion": "English: broil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: broil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "brule",
            "3": "brole",
            "4": "brulye",
            "5": "bruilye",
            "6": "brulyie",
            "7": "bruilyie",
            "8": "bryle",
            "9": "broolie"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: brule, brole, brulye, bruilye, brulyie, bruilyie, bryle, broolie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: brule, brole, brulye, bruilye, brulyie, bruilyie, bryle, broolie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to boil, burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-iii",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en bruiant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruioient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruieient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruï",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïstes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïstes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruirez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruireient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïsses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïsses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "broïssent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruïssent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruir",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "fut": "bruir",
        "ier": "yes",
        "pastp": "broï,bruï",
        "pres": "brui",
        "pret": "bro",
        "pret2": "bru",
        "prettype": "weak-i",
        "prettype2": "weak-i"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French irregular verbs",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
        "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
        "Old French third group verbs",
        "Old French verbs",
        "Old French verbs ending in -ir",
        "Old French verbs with weak-i preterite"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruir"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.