"իշխան" meaning in Old Armenian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "իշխան"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*xšaH-",
        "t": "to rule, be lord of"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "ʾγšʾwʾn",
        "ts": "(ə)xšāwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "prince",
        "ts": "axšēnd"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), [script needed] (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), [script needed] (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանք",
      "roman": "išxankʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանէ",
      "roman": "išxanē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւ",
      "roman": "išxanaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանաց",
        "13": "իշխան",
        "15": "իշխանս",
        "17": "իշխանէ",
        "19": "իշխանաց",
        "21": "իշխանաւ",
        "23": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք",
        "25": "իշխանի",
        "27": "իշխանս",
        "3": "իշխանք",
        "5": "իշխանի",
        "7": "իշխանաց",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Nobility",
          "orig": "xcl:Nobility",
          "parents": [
            "High society",
            "People",
            "Society",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "xcl:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "azatišxanakan",
          "word": "ազատիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "amenišxan",
          "word": "ամենիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "amēnišxan",
          "word": "ամէնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxan",
          "word": "անիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxananam",
          "word": "անիշխանանամ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "անիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxan",
          "word": "անձնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanabar",
          "word": "անձնիշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanakamutʻiwn",
          "word": "անձնիշխանակամութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanakan",
          "word": "անձնիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanapēs",
          "word": "անձնիշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "անձնիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bazmišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "բազմիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gerišxanakan",
          "word": "գերիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxan",
          "word": "ինքնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanabar",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanakan",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanapēs",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanabar",
          "word": "իշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanagoyn",
          "word": "իշխանագոյն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanagorc",
          "word": "իշխանագործ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanazn",
          "word": "իշխանազն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakalutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանակալութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakan",
          "word": "իշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanabar",
          "word": "իշխանականաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanagoyn",
          "word": "իշխանականագոյն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanagorc",
          "word": "իշխանականագործ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանականութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakin",
          "word": "իշխանակին"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakir",
          "word": "իշխանակիր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakicʻ",
          "word": "իշխանակից"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakcʻutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանակցութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanaykʻ",
          "word": "իշխանայք"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxananam",
          "word": "իշխանանամ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxananist",
          "word": "իշխանանիստ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapanc",
          "word": "իշխանապանծ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapet",
          "word": "իշխանապետ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanaperč",
          "word": "իշխանապերճ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapēs",
          "word": "իշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasast",
          "word": "իշխանասաստ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasēr",
          "word": "իշխանասէր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasirutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանասիրութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanatun",
          "word": "իշխանատուն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanarar",
          "word": "իշխանարար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanawēt",
          "word": "իշխանաւէտ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanawor",
          "word": "իշխանաւոր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapʻox",
          "word": "իշխանափոխ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanik",
          "word": "իշխանիկ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanordi",
          "word": "իշխանորդի"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanuhi",
          "word": "իշխանուհի"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxansirakan",
          "word": "իշխանսիրական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxansirutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանսիրութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanōrēn",
          "word": "իշխանօրէն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "homišxan",
          "word": "հոմիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "menišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "մենիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "miišxanakan",
          "word": "միիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "miišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "միիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "naxišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "նախիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nerišxanakan",
          "word": "ներիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sakawišxanakan",
          "word": "սակաւիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxan",
          "word": "Իշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxanak",
          "word": "Իշխանակ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxanik",
          "word": "Իշխանիկ"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent",
          "roman": "išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi",
          "text": "իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "master of the choir",
          "roman": "išxan ergocʻ",
          "text": "իշխան երգոց",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend",
          "roman": "išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean",
          "text": "իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the authorities",
          "roman": "išxankʻ",
          "text": "իշխանք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority",
          "roman": "išxan linel",
          "text": "իշխան լինել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give power to someone",
          "roman": "išxan aṙnel zokʻ",
          "text": "իշխան առնել զոք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he was master of himself, or his own master",
          "roman": "išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ",
          "text": "իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you are not lord of your own life",
          "roman": "kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan",
          "text": "քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he cannot, he is not authorized to",
          "roman": "čʻē išxan",
          "text": "չէ իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it",
          "roman": "zišxani tʻekn acel",
          "text": "զիշխանի թեկն ածել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Claude E. Cox\nHe pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Job 12.21",
          "roman": "Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.",
          "text": "Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.",
          "ref": "5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʿ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] 6",
          "roman": "Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.",
          "text": "Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։"
        },
        {
          "english": "1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, [appointed] by royal command.",
          "ref": "7th century, Sebēos, Patmutʿiwnʿ [History] 28",
          "roman": "Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.",
          "text": "Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan; master"
      ],
      "id": "en-իշխան-xcl-noun-8rbvDgGj",
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ],
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "išxem",
          "word": "իշխեմ"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ehsan Yarshater"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "azatišxanakan",
      "word": "ազատիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "amenišxan",
      "word": "ամենիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "amēnišxan",
      "word": "ամէնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxan",
      "word": "անիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxananam",
      "word": "անիշխանանամ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "անիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxan",
      "word": "անձնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanabar",
      "word": "անձնիշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanakamutʻiwn",
      "word": "անձնիշխանակամութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanakan",
      "word": "անձնիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanapēs",
      "word": "անձնիշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "անձնիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bazmišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "բազմիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gerišxanakan",
      "word": "գերիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxan",
      "word": "ինքնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanabar",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanakan",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanapēs",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanabar",
      "word": "իշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanagoyn",
      "word": "իշխանագոյն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanagorc",
      "word": "իշխանագործ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanazn",
      "word": "իշխանազն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakalutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանակալութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakan",
      "word": "իշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanabar",
      "word": "իշխանականաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanagoyn",
      "word": "իշխանականագոյն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanagorc",
      "word": "իշխանականագործ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանականութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakin",
      "word": "իշխանակին"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakir",
      "word": "իշխանակիր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakicʻ",
      "word": "իշխանակից"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakcʻutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանակցութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanaykʻ",
      "word": "իշխանայք"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxananam",
      "word": "իշխանանամ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxananist",
      "word": "իշխանանիստ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapanc",
      "word": "իշխանապանծ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapet",
      "word": "իշխանապետ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanaperč",
      "word": "իշխանապերճ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapēs",
      "word": "իշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasast",
      "word": "իշխանասաստ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasēr",
      "word": "իշխանասէր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasirutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանասիրութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanatun",
      "word": "իշխանատուն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanarar",
      "word": "իշխանարար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanawēt",
      "word": "իշխանաւէտ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanawor",
      "word": "իշխանաւոր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapʻox",
      "word": "իշխանափոխ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanik",
      "word": "իշխանիկ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanordi",
      "word": "իշխանորդի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanuhi",
      "word": "իշխանուհի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxansirakan",
      "word": "իշխանսիրական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxansirutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանսիրութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanōrēn",
      "word": "իշխանօրէն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "homišxan",
      "word": "հոմիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "menišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "մենիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "miišxanakan",
      "word": "միիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "miišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "միիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "naxišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "նախիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nerišxanakan",
      "word": "ներիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sakawišxanakan",
      "word": "սակաւիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxan",
      "word": "Իշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxanak",
      "word": "Իշխանակ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxanik",
      "word": "Իշխանիկ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "իշխան"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*xšaH-",
        "t": "to rule, be lord of"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "ʾγšʾwʾn",
        "ts": "(ə)xšāwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "prince",
        "ts": "axšēnd"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), [script needed] (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), [script needed] (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանք",
      "roman": "išxankʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանէ",
      "roman": "išxanē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւ",
      "roman": "išxanaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանաց",
        "13": "իշխան",
        "15": "իշխանս",
        "17": "իշխանէ",
        "19": "իշխանաց",
        "21": "իշխանաւ",
        "23": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք",
        "25": "իշխանի",
        "27": "իշխանս",
        "3": "իշխանք",
        "5": "իշխանի",
        "7": "իշխանաց",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "išxem",
      "word": "իշխեմ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Armenian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Old Armenian lemmas",
        "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Old Armenian nouns",
        "Old Armenian terms borrowed from Middle Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms with quotations",
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for native script for Sogdian terms",
        "Undetermined language links",
        "xcl:Nobility",
        "xcl:Titles"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent",
          "roman": "išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi",
          "text": "իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "master of the choir",
          "roman": "išxan ergocʻ",
          "text": "իշխան երգոց",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend",
          "roman": "išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean",
          "text": "իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the authorities",
          "roman": "išxankʻ",
          "text": "իշխանք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority",
          "roman": "išxan linel",
          "text": "իշխան լինել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give power to someone",
          "roman": "išxan aṙnel zokʻ",
          "text": "իշխան առնել զոք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he was master of himself, or his own master",
          "roman": "išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ",
          "text": "իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you are not lord of your own life",
          "roman": "kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan",
          "text": "քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he cannot, he is not authorized to",
          "roman": "čʻē išxan",
          "text": "չէ իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it",
          "roman": "zišxani tʻekn acel",
          "text": "զիշխանի թեկն ածել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Claude E. Cox\nHe pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Job 12.21",
          "roman": "Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.",
          "text": "Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.",
          "ref": "5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʿ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] 6",
          "roman": "Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.",
          "text": "Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։"
        },
        {
          "english": "1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, [appointed] by royal command.",
          "ref": "7th century, Sebēos, Patmutʿiwnʿ [History] 28",
          "roman": "Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.",
          "text": "Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan; master"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ],
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ehsan Yarshater"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}