See кум in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for кум meaning in Eastern Mari (6.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kŭm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kŭm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kolme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kolme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "кым"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari кым (kym)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Eastern Mari cardinal numbers",
"parents": [
"Cardinal numbers",
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three days",
"roman": "kum sutka",
"text": "кум сутка",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-num-i1udsME9",
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumyt",
"word": "кумыт"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Russian кум (kum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влак",
"roman": "kum-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумым",
"roman": "kumym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакым",
"roman": "kum-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумын",
"roman": "kumyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакын",
"roman": "kum-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумлан",
"roman": "kumlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влаклан",
"roman": "kum-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумге",
"roman": "kumge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакге",
"roman": "kum-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумла",
"roman": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакла",
"roman": "kum-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышто",
"roman": "kumyšto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыште",
"roman": "kum-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумыш",
"roman": "kumyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыш",
"roman": "kum-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышко",
"roman": "kumyško",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакышке",
"roman": "kum-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумеш",
"roman": "kumeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакеш",
"roman": "kum-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кумем",
"roman": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумна",
"roman": "kumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумет",
"roman": "kumet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумжо",
"roman": "kumžo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышт",
"roman": "kumyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "кум-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "о",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кум-влакге",
"11": "кумла",
"12": "кум-влакла",
"13": "кумышто",
"14": "кум-влакыште",
"15": "кумыш",
"16": "кум-влакыш",
"17": "кумышко",
"18": "кум-влакышке",
"19": "кумеш",
"2": "кум-влак",
"20": "кум-влакеш",
"3": "кумым",
"4": "кум-влакым",
"5": "кумын",
"6": "кум-влакын",
"7": "кумлан",
"8": "кум-влаклан",
"9": "кумге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father (of one's godchild)"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-S0Y4RZhF",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 28 53 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you shouldn't show favoritism in work",
"roman": "pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl",
"text": "пашаште кум лийшаш огыл",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-vFRBiL3m",
"links": [
[
"nepotism",
"nepotism"
],
[
"favoritism",
"favoritism"
],
[
"favouritism",
"favouritism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mari lemmas",
"Eastern Mari nouns",
"Eastern Mari numerals",
"Eastern Mari terms borrowed from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Mari",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Mari",
"Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um/1 syllable",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kŭm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kŭm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kolme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kolme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "кым"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari кым (kym)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari cardinal numbers",
"Eastern Mari terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three days",
"roman": "kum sutka",
"text": "кум сутка",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumyt",
"word": "кумыт"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mari lemmas",
"Eastern Mari nouns",
"Eastern Mari terms borrowed from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um/1 syllable",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Russian кум (kum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влак",
"roman": "kum-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумым",
"roman": "kumym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакым",
"roman": "kum-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумын",
"roman": "kumyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакын",
"roman": "kum-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумлан",
"roman": "kumlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влаклан",
"roman": "kum-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумге",
"roman": "kumge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакге",
"roman": "kum-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумла",
"roman": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакла",
"roman": "kum-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышто",
"roman": "kumyšto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыште",
"roman": "kum-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумыш",
"roman": "kumyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыш",
"roman": "kum-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышко",
"roman": "kumyško",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакышке",
"roman": "kum-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумеш",
"roman": "kumeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакеш",
"roman": "kum-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кумем",
"roman": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумна",
"roman": "kumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумет",
"roman": "kumet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумжо",
"roman": "kumžo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышт",
"roman": "kumyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "кум-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "о",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кум-влакге",
"11": "кумла",
"12": "кум-влакла",
"13": "кумышто",
"14": "кум-влакыште",
"15": "кумыш",
"16": "кум-влакыш",
"17": "кумышко",
"18": "кум-влакышке",
"19": "кумеш",
"2": "кум-влак",
"20": "кум-влакеш",
"3": "кумым",
"4": "кум-влакым",
"5": "кумын",
"6": "кум-влакын",
"7": "кумлан",
"8": "кум-влаклан",
"9": "кумге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father (of one's godchild)"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you shouldn't show favoritism in work",
"roman": "pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl",
"text": "пашаште кум лийшаш огыл",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"links": [
[
"nepotism",
"nepotism"
],
[
"favoritism",
"favoritism"
],
[
"favouritism",
"favouritism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"кум"
],
"section": "Eastern Mari",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кум",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"кум"
],
"section": "Eastern Mari",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кум",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Eastern Mari dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.