See squalus on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for squalus meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "escualu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: escualu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: escualu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "esqual"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: esqual",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: esqual"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "squale"
},
"expansion": "French: squale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: squale"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "escalo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: escalo, escallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: escalo, escallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "squalo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: squalo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: squalo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "squæo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: squæo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: squæo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "esqualo",
"3": "escalo",
"4": "escalho",
"5": "escalheiro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: scal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "escualo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: escualo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: escualo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kʷálos",
"t": "sheatfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄσπαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kalis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kalis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwæl",
"3": "",
"4": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwæl (“whale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squalī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squalus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"expansion": "squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "la:Fish",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark"
],
"id": "en-squalus-la-noun-oZLz~UpV",
"links": [
[
"sea fish",
"sea fish"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squatus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskʷaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskwäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squālus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squālus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "squālus"
},
"expansion": "squālus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squālus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "squālor"
},
{
"word": "squāleō"
},
{
"word": "squālidus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unkempt, dirty"
],
"id": "en-squalus-la-adj-Uz0palxx",
"links": [
[
"unkempt",
"unkempt"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskʷaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskwäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Fish"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "escualu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: escualu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: escualu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "esqual"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: esqual",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: esqual"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "squale"
},
"expansion": "French: squale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: squale"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "escalo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: escalo, escallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: escalo, escallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "squalo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: squalo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: squalo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "squæo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: squæo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: squæo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "esqualo",
"3": "escalo",
"4": "escalho",
"5": "escalheiro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: scal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "escualo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: escualo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: escualo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kʷálos",
"t": "sheatfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄσπαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kalis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kalis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwæl",
"3": "",
"4": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwæl (“whale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squalī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squalus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"expansion": "squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark"
],
"links": [
[
"sea fish",
"sea fish"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskʷaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskwäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squatus"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "squālor"
},
{
"word": "squāleō"
},
{
"word": "squālidus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squālus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squālus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "squālus"
},
"expansion": "squālus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squālus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"unkempt, dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"unkempt",
"unkempt"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskʷaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskwäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: squalus/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"squalus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "squalus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.