science

科學。研究自然界與其組成，透過不斷的觀察、測量和實驗去建立、檢驗或校正一般規律來解釋自然界的本質和行為。


abomination

源自中古英語 abominacioun，源自中古法語 abomination (“恐怖，厌恶”)，源自晚期拉丁語 abōminātiō, abōminātiōnem。abominatio的同源對似詞。

abhorrence

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

aversion

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

detestation

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

disgust

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

loathing

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

loathsomeness

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

odiousness

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

perversion

令人深恶痛绝的事物，令人发指的事物 （常有宗教色彩） （自约1350-1470年）

骇人听闻的暴行，罪行；招人鄙夷的习惯 （自约1150-1350年）

Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long，頁號 160:

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

惹人厌恶，令人发指 （约1350-1470年至15世纪末叶）

Antony, most large in his abominations.

1606, Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, III-vi:


duck

（Main不可數） 鴨肉


helium

借自新拉丁語 helium，源自古希臘語 ἥλιος (hḗlios, “太陽”)（因其存在最初是在太陽大氣層中被理論化的） + -ium。

It was an enormous balloon filled with helium, that elemental gas forged from hydrogen in the nuclear furnace of the stars.

1997, Ian McEwan, Enduring Love, Vintage (1998)，頁號 3:


light

(繪畫中的)明亮部分[U][C]

(對事物的)見解,觀點[S]


liver

正體: 現場報導[電子計算機]


abaca

源自西班牙語 abacá，源自他加祿語的这个植物的叫法，abaká。

Manila Hemp

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manilla hemp

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

textile banana

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manila hemp

马尼拉麻 （18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manilla hemp

马尼拉麻 （18世纪中叶首次出现。）

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

马尼拉麻 （18世纪中叶首次出现。）


meat

可食用的動物肉。尤其是與魚類和堅果相對應的哺乳動物的肉。如：beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey


swell

(聲音的)增強，(音量的)增大

《音樂》漸強到漸弱(符號)

(波浪的)洶湧，(土地的)隆起


heart

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


girl

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (“任何性别的年轻人”)，之后的来源不详。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一个指小词形式（比较北弗里斯蘭語 gör (“女孩”)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (“任何性别的孩子”)、德語 Göre (“孩童”)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (“小孩”)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (“短的”)（对比古愛爾蘭語 gair (“短的”)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, “需要”)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “需要”)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, “短的，小的”)）。

女服务员，女仆（见用法说明）

（爱称）姑娘（见用法说明）

'Now, girls,' continued Healey, 'you're very high-spirited and that's as it should be but I won't have you getting out of hand...' Setting a spatted foot on the bench that ran down the middle of the changing-room with elegant distain, Adrian began to flip through the pile of Y-fronts and rugger shorts with his cane.

There isn't any guy going to steal my girl!

1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Girl from Hollywood

I took my girl to the cinema to watch your American movies.

1996, Elizabeth Wong, Kimchee and Chitlins: A Serious Comedy about Getting Along，頁號 74:

Your girl turned up on our doorstep.

你女儿突然出现在我们的门阶那。

（尤指粉末状的）可卡因，古柯碱

She had taught me to snort girl, and almost always when I came to her pad, there would be thin sparkling rows of crystal cocaine on the glass top of the cocktail table.

1969, Iceberg Slim, Pimp: The Story of My Life, Cash Money Content (2011), ISBN 9781451617139, page 43:

Elijah nodded congenially to the early evening regulars in the Afro Lounge, headed straight for the telephone hung midway between the mens and womens, his nose smarting from a couple thick lines of recently snorted girl.

1977, Odie Hawkins, Chicago Hustle, Holloway House (1987), ISBN 0870673661, page 175:

After about an hour or two of half-ass sex and snorting girl, Honey was zoned out. :Template:… She flexed her still numb fingers, trying to find a warmth that didn't seem to come. Cocaine always made her numb.

2005, K'wan, Hoodlum, St. Martin's Press (2005), ISBN 0312333080, page 185:

Are there “boy” trees and “girl” trees? Yes. A number of species, among them the yew, holly and date-bearing palm, have their male and female flowers on different trees. The male holly, for instance, must be planted fairly close to the female ...

Of the 100 percent total, 25 will have two girl genes, 50 will have one boy and one girl gene, and 25 will have two boy genes.

1970 [earlier 1963], Helen V. Wilson, Helen Van Pelt, Helen Van Pelt's African Violets, Dutton Adult (ISBN 9780801538582):

When there are two "girl" genes the plant is a girl dwarf.

1972, GSN Gesneriad Saintpaulia News: African Violets, Gloxinias, Other Gesneriads and Exotic Plants:

Don't be such a girl!


algorithm

繼承自中古英語 algorisme, augrym，派生自盎格魯-諾曼語 algorisme, augrim，派生自中世紀拉丁語 algorismus，派生自阿拉伯語 الخُوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵuwārizmiyy)，源自波斯數學家 Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī，該詞的意思是「來自花剌子模的人」。因為受到了無關的 古希臘語 ἀριθμός (arithmós)（同英語 arithmo-）影響，發音產生了變化（-s- > -th-）。

/ˈælɡəɹɪðəm/

/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/

/ˈælɡəˌɹɪðəm/

/ˈælɡəˌɹɪðm̩/

Informally, an algorithm is any well-defined computational procedure that takes some value, or set of values, as input and produces some value, or set of values, as output. An algorithm is thus a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into the output.

1990, Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest, Introduction to Algorithms: page 1. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1999 (23rd printing)

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 7，頁號 26:

It’s a computer – an algorithm – and if you’ve been in Iran lately, they take you out of the system.

2018 June 25, Sam Jones, “Ex-Nato chief refused visa waiver to US because of Iran trips”, 出自 The Guardian:

使用阿拉伯數字的計算；算法


soap

源自中古英語 sope、sape，源自古英語 sāpe (“肥皂，药膏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *saipā，源自原始日耳曼語 *saipǭ，源自原始印歐語 *seyb-、*seyp- (“倒出，滴，流，滤”)。
与下列词同源：低地蘇格蘭語 saip、sape (“肥皂”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Seepe (“肥皂”)、西弗里斯蘭語 sjippe (“肥皂”)、荷蘭語 zeep (“肥皂”)、德國低地德語 Seep (“肥皂”)、德語 Seife (“肥皂”)、丹麥語 sæbe (“肥皂”)、瑞典語 såpa (“肥皂”)、書面挪威語 såpe (“肥皂”)、新挪威語 såpe (“肥皂”)、法羅語 sápa (“肥皂”)、冰島語 sápa (“肥皂”)。亦与古英語 sāp (“琥珀，树脂，发油，药膏”)、拉丁語 sēbum (“油脂”)有关。参见seep。拉丁語 sāpō (“肥皂”)乃借自日耳曼语族。

I tried washing my hands with soap, but the stain wouldn't go away.

我试了用肥皂洗手，但是污渍洗不掉。

His comments were just a lot of soft soap to flatter me.

他的话就是一堆奉承我的马屁。


歷史

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵/

/lit̚⁵ ˈsz̩²¹³/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻³³ sy³³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹/

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁵³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

國際音標 (廈門, 臺北

/lek̚³⁻³² su⁵³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 漳州, 長泰, 臺灣話（常用）

/liak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

泉漳話: 晉江, 菲律賓

泉漳話: 晉江, 菲律賓

泉漳話: 晉江, 菲律賓

/liak̚²⁴⁻² si⁵⁵⁴/

泉漳話: 晉江, 菲律賓

國際音標 (晉江, 菲律賓

/leʔ⁴⁻² sɯ⁵²/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/

היסטוריה

הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה

這便是野雞道臺的歷史了。

《二十年目睹之怪現狀》第三回

这便是野鸡道台的历史了。

《二十年目睹之怪現狀》第三回

其文乃雄奇變化，隨其一生之歷史而自為風氣。

Qí wén nǎi xióngqí biànhuà, suí qí yīshēng zhī lìshǐ ér zì wéi fēngqì.

其文乃雄奇变化，随其一生之历史而自为风气。


orange

源自中古英語 orenge, orange ← 古法語 pome orenge (“波斯橙”)，字面意思“橘子蘋果”，受古奧克語 auranja影響，轉譯自古意大利語 melarancio, melarancia，mela (“蘋果”)和(n)arancia (“橙子”)的複合 ← 阿拉伯語 نَارَنْج (nāranj) ← 波斯語 نارنگ (nârang) ← 梵語 नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “橙樹”) ← 達羅毗荼語系（對比泰米爾語 நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy)，நரந்தம் (narantam, “香氣”)和காய் (kāy, “水果”)的複合；也見泰盧固語 నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), 馬拉雅拉姆語 നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), 卡納達語 ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ (kittaḷe)）。
顏色一義則是代替了古英語 ġeolurēad (字面意思是“黃-紅”)；對比英語 blue-green。

/ˈɔɹ(ɪ)nd͡ʒ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-orange.wav

yellowred

橙色，近似成熟後橙子的顏色，色調介於紅色與黃色之間

橙色，近似成熟後橙子的顏色，色調介於紅色與黃色之間

orange：


jargon

源自中古英語 jargoun、jargon，源自古法語 jargon，gargon、gargun (“談話，對話”)的變體。

They [the Normans] abandoned their native speech, and adopted the French tongue, in which Latin was the predominant element. They speedily raised their new language to a dignity and importance which it had never before possessed. They found it a barbarous jargon; they fixed it in writing; and they employed it in legislation, in poetry, and in romance.

1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 I, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James II, 卷 I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，頁號 11:

In fact all the competing theories have developed their own specialized jargons and have a tendency to be difficult to penetrate.

2014, Ian Hodder, Archaeological Theory Today:


jargon

jargoon (“黃鋯石”)的另一種寫法


Spanish

來自中古英語 Spainish, Spanish，等同於Spain + -ish。

"If he speaks Spanish, my daughter can converse with him ; she has but shortly arrived from Spain."

1873, Frederick Marryat, Mr. Midshipman Easy，頁號 163:

Therefore in Novial, as well as in Esp-Ido, we simplify the spelling in all words containing double letters in the national languages, from which the words are taken: pasa (E pass, F passer), efekte, komun (F commun, E common), etc. In this we follow the beautiful example of Spanish, which writes pasar, efecto, común, etc., and even extend it to cases in which Spanish makes a distinction in sound and spelling, as with ll and rr: bel S bello, F belle, koresponda, S corresponder, etc.

1928, Otto Jespersen, An International Language，頁號 48:

In contrast with the creole languages discussed above, the article systems of Rumanian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese are more complex, since neutralization fails to occur to a large extent.

1995, The Development of Morphological Systematicity，頁號 146:

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Spanish。


Spanish

The Spanish are not the only ones selling their goods along the wharves and the inner streets.

1976, Robert Rézette, The Spanish Enclaves in Morocco，頁號 62:

Sixty-four percent more Spanish are functionally illiterate compared to Anglos in Lubbock (only 15 percent more of nonwhites than Anglos).

1970, Henry Sioux Johnson, William J. Hernández-Martinez, Educating the Mexican American，頁號 87:


電報

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɔ²¹³/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ po²¹/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² po⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ po²¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ po¹¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ pɤ²¹/

/tieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ po²¹³/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

使用電報業務發送的訊息 (分類詞：封)


rök

派生自古諾爾斯語 reykr，派生自原始日耳曼語 *raukiz。 另請參見the related ryka。

Jaja, får ta mig en liten cigarett. Ta mig en liten rök.

好吧，那我就給自己弄支小煙。給自己弄點煙。

1977, 片头起6:52, 出自 Betalas omgående [Paid immediately] (Albert & Herbert), 季数 3, 集数 1, 角色 Albert Karlsson（Sten-Åke Cederhök）, Gothenburg, Sweden:


Fisch

繼承自中古高地德語 visch，繼承自古高地德語 fisk、fisc，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *fisk。

Fisches
Fischs
Fische (plural)
Fischchen (neuter diminutive)
Fischlein (neuter)
Fischin (feminine)

魚，魚類（一類生活在水中的冷血脊椎動物）

Wir haben jeder einen Fisch gefangen.

我們每個人都釣到了一條魚。

任何只生活在水中的動物或脊椎動物

Ob ein Wal ein Fisch ist, hängt von der Definition ab.

在這裡，此詞可能是指「生活在水中的冷血脊椎動物」或「任何只生活在水中的動物或脊椎動物」。

鯨魚是否是魚取決於定義。


Tamil

借自泰米爾語 தமிழ் (tamiḻ)。

泰米爾語/淡米爾語/坦米爾語


latin

繼承自中古法語 latin，來自古法語 latin，源自拉丁語 latīnus。

出生南美洲和地中海的男性


Chinese

（中国人，特指）［贬］Chinaman（指男性）；［古］Chinee；［贬］chink（中国人

Chinese finger cuffs, Chinese finger prison, Chinese finger trap

Chinese five spice, Chinese five-spice powder

Chinese red head, Chinese red-headed centipede

Chinese takeaway, Chinese take-away, Chinese take-out

官话、普通话、国语、华语

［复数，前加定冠词 the 或其他限定词］（泛指）中国人


dick

源自Dick，名字Richard的暱稱。最初意思是“普通人”、“凡夫俗子”，后来衍生出其他的含义。

He wore a condom over his dick.

他在阴茎上套了个避孕套。

THINGS YOU NEVER HEAR: "Please stop sucking my dick or I'll call the police."

你一定沒有聽過的話：“別嗦我的屌了，不然我要叫警察。”

1997, George Carlin, Brain Droppings, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁號 83:

That person is such a dick.


apricot

pickled apricots

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


Persian

來自中古英語 percynne，來自中古法語 persien，來自意大利語 persiano，來自中世紀拉丁語 Persiānus，來自拉丁語 Persia，來自古希臘語 Περσίς (Persís)，來自古波斯語 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “波斯”) (對照現代伊朗波斯語 فارس (fârs)或早期的古典波斯語 پارس (pārs))。

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

加拿大桑德贝的一種糕點，通常與肉桂麵包和甜甜圈做比較，上面灑粉色糖粉

一種薄紗織物，以前用在襯裡

There is of those Persians several lengths.

1696, J. F. Merchant?, The merchant's ware-house laid open:

用來代替柱子支撐內飾的男性雕像的其中一個


change

新任CEO接手後，公司經歷了許多變化。

The company went through a lot of changes after the new CEO took over.

你能給我一些零錢用來買自動售貨機的東西嗎？

Can you give me some change for the vending machine?

收銀員找錯了零錢，所以我把多餘的錢退回去了。

The cashier gave me too much change, so I returned the extra money.


watermelon

/ˈwɔːtəˌmɛlən/

/ˈwɔtəɹˌmɛlən/

:Template:貶 有社會主義思想的環保主義者（源自西瓜皮綠【環保主義】肉紅【共產主義】）。

西瓜色，一種介於粉-紅的顏色，類似西瓜果肉的顏色。

watermelon：


Czech

借自波蘭語 Czech，源自捷克語 Čech，源自原始斯拉夫語 *čelověkъ (“人，人類”) 的變體及縮約形。

By 1963, almost 130,000 Czechs had migrated to this country. They tended to gravitate to the farming communities.

到1963年，已有将近13万名捷克人移居到本国。他们倾向于生活在农业社区。

1964, John F. Kennedy, “Immigration Policy [移民政策]”, 出自 A Nation of Immigrants [移民之国], Revised and Enlarged版, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁號 61:


head

源自中古英語 hed, heed, heved, heaved ← 古英語 hēafod (“頭部；頂部；來源，起源；首領；首都”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *haubudą (“頭”) ← 原始印歐語 *káput-，*kapōlo- (“頭；碗”)的變體。
同源詞
與低地蘇格蘭語 heid, hede, hevid, heved (“頭”), 古英語 hafola (“頭”), 北弗里斯蘭語 hood (“頭”), 荷蘭語 hoofd (“頭”), 德語 Haupt (“頭”), 瑞典語 huvud (“頭”), 冰島語 höfuð (“頭”), 拉丁語 caput (“頭”), 梵語 कपाल (kapāla, “顱”), 印地語 कपाल (kapāl, “顱”)同源。

caput〈解〉; patenoggin〈俚〉, loaf〈俚〉, nut〈俚〉, noodle〈俚〉noggin

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（人）與頭腦有關的：
頭腦，（心理、情感方面的）技能

Be careful when you pet that dog on the head; it may bite.

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

The company is looking for people with good heads for business.

公司正在尋找有商業頭腦的人。

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（人）與頭腦有關的：
腦海，思想

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

This song keeps going through my head.

這首歌一直在我腦海中迴盪。

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（人）與頭腦有關的：
（尤指中毒造成的）頭痛

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（人）與頭腦有關的：
頭飾

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（人）與頭腦有關的：
個人

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

Admission is three dollars a head.

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（動物）與頭腦有關的：
:Template:不可數（作量詞，表示牲畜等）一頭；一隻

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

200 head of cattle and 50 head of horses

12 head of big cattle and 14 head of branded calves

12頭大牛和14頭烙過印的小牛

at five years of age this head of cattle is worth perhaps $40

這頭五歲的牛大概值40美元

a reduction in the assessment per head of sheep

they shot 20 head of quail

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（動物）與頭腦有關的：
獵物的數量

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

planting the hedges increased the head of quail and doves

建樹籬增加了鵪鶉和鴿子的數量

:Template:可數 頭，人和動物身體的一部分。
（動物）與頭腦有關的：
鹿角

摸那隻狗的頭的時候得小心，它會咬人。

一端（前端、上端等）： 桌子的一端： 上座，桌子離房門最遠的一端，重要的座位

During meetings, the supervisor usually sits at the head of the table.

會議中主管者一般坐在桌子的上座。

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
（斧頭、錘子等）用來敲打的一頭

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
（釘子等）鈍的一頭；釘頭

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
（箭、矛、指針等）尖的一頭

The head of the compass needle is pointing due north.

指南針的指針指向正北方。

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
(曲棍球) 曲棍球棒用來控球的一端

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
:Template:音樂 鼓皮，敲打鼓使其發聲的部位

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
磁頭

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:可數 機器、工具等的主要操作部分：
氣缸蓋

一端（前端、上端等）： 啤酒或碳酸飲料的泡沫；酒頭

Pour me a fresh beer; this one has no head.

給我倒一杯新鮮的啤酒，這杯的沒有沫兒。

一端（前端、上端等）：
:Template:醫 膿頭

一端（前端、上端等）： 岬

(社會):Template:可數 領導者；專業人士：
領頭位置

(社會):Template:可數 領導者；專業人士：
領導者；首領；主謀

I'd like to speak to the head of the department.

Police arrested the head of the gang in a raid last night.

警方昨晚在一次突襲中逮捕了那個團伙的頭目。

(社會):Template:可數 領導者；專業人士：
校長

I was called into the head's office to discuss my behaviour.

我被叫去校長辦公室談談我的行爲。

(社會):Template:可數 領導者；專業人士：
:Template:音樂 對嘻哈樂有廣泛瞭解的人。

重要/必要的部分： 首；尾；突出的部分： 河源；河流入湖處

The expedition followed the river all the way to the head.

探險隊沿河一直走到河流的源頭。

重要/必要的部分： 首；尾；突出的部分： 葉球；頭狀花序 （麥等穀物的）穗

重要/必要的部分： 首；尾；突出的部分： 葉球；頭狀花序 樹多葉的一端

重要/必要的部分： 首；尾；突出的部分： （骨的）小頭

重要/必要的部分： 首；尾；突出的部分： 船上的廁所

重要/必要的部分：
首；尾；突出的部分：
:Template:複 貼在屋檐上的瓷磚

重要/必要的部分： 組成部分： （爵士樂樂曲的）主旋律，主題

重要/必要的部分：
組成部分：
(語言學) （短語、複合詞的）中心成分，中心詞

We are having a difficult time making head against this wind.

我們在逆風前進時遇到了困難。

:Template:可數 大量非法濫用藥物的人

高差；揚程；水頭；水位差；高差


large

源自中古英語 large，源自古法語 large，源自拉丁語 larga，largus (“富余的，大量的，大的，多的”)的阴性形式，最终词源不详。很大程度上取代了中古英語 stoor, stour (“大的”)（源自古英語 stōr）和muchel (“大的”)（源自古英語 myċel）。

一个弃用音符，等于2个长音符，4个二全音符，或8个全音符

Getting a car tricked out like that will cost you 50 large.

把车装饰成那样得花你五千块钱。

"We'll call you anything we want," Dave said. "You owe us eighty-five large, Ace, and what we've got for collateral on that money so far is a shitload of Arm & Hammer baking soda worth about a buck-fifty. We'll call you Hubert J. Motherfucker if we want to."

So send my sister a hundred large, and next time you come down to Jessup it won't be my grill talking at you. My word on that.

2008 January 13, David Simon, “Unconfirmed Reports” (片头起30:16), 出自 The Wire, 季数 2, 集数 2, 角色 Avon Barksdale:

One small coffee and two larges, please.


Russian

中世紀拉丁語 (11世紀) Russiānus，Russia的形容詞，為古東斯拉夫語 Русь (Rusĭ)的拉丁化。16世紀開始出現在英語中 (作為名詞和形容詞)。

俄羅斯人；俄羅斯族，俄族

The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.¹⁹⁶

2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, 出自 International Law Studies, US Naval War College, 卷 91, 期 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law，頁號 393:

一種有堅硬外殼的雜耍球，裡頭裝滿鹽、沙子或其他物質

Ok, I do think I am starting to get used to it, but you have to admit, if youve:Template:SIC been juggling bags and then start juggling Russians, they feel sooo lopsided to juggle at first!

2011, jamescoutry24, “Beanbags > Russian”, 出自 rec.juggling (Usenet):

一種槍 (由於黑幫成員對俄羅斯武器有所偏愛)


Canada

借自法語 Canada，源自勞倫特語 kanata (“村莊、聚落”)。比較奧農達加語 ganataa (村莊)。

加拿大（國家名，位於北美洲）。

Father narrated the story of how Canada developed over a short period to surpass other countries, including Britain，from which it had emerged.

父親講述了加拿大如何在短時間內發展超越包括英國在內的其他國家的故事。

2015, Chigozie Obioma, The Fishermen, ONE，頁號 219:


factice

硫化非饱和植物或动物油（用于橡胶中）

Although factice is, strictly speaking, not a plasticizer, being added to mixes for a whole range of reasons including the improvement of dimensional stability and rigidity of unsupported articles in hot air cures, the improvement of surface finish and electrical insulation, it does nevertheless act as a softener, improving filler dispersion and decreasing the energy requirements of mixing.

1999, M.J. Loadman, Analysis of Rubber and Rubber-like Polymers，頁號 56:


grammar

/ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/

简体: 语法[信息科技]

正體: 文法[電子計算機]


osteoarthritis

osteoarthritides (plural)
osteoarthritises (plural)


quality

中古英語 qualite < 古法語 qualité < 拉丁語 quālitātem

正體: 音品；音色；性質；品質[電機工程]

正體: 品質[通訊工程]

正體: 品質[電子計算機]


grape

正體: 葡萄色[電子計算機]


rock

岩石。所有組成部分地殼的礦物聚集體。它可以是組織鬆散的砂、黏土或泥，也可以是實體堅固的花崗岩、石灰岩或煤。 (來源：CED)


Greek

繼承自古英語 Grēcas (“希臘人”)，Crēcas的變體，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Krēkō，來自拉丁語 Graecus，源頭不明，可能衍生自地名Γραῖα (Graîa)或來自部落名Graii的其他古巴爾幹語族形式，參見英語維基百科條目Griko、Names of the Greeks。希臘語中有個同源詞Γραικός (Graikós)，是從神話時代的祖先Γραίοι (Graíoi, “格瑞西安族”)而來。日爾曼語族同源詞包括荷蘭語 Griek、德語 Grieche。英語和日爾曼語族同源詞中的⟨g⟩，是受到法語 grec和古典拉丁語 Graecus的影響下恢復的。
該形容詞可追溯到14世紀的中古英語，取代了古英語 Grēċisċ (“希臘式的”)和早期中古英語 Gregeis。指兄弟會跟姐妹會，來自早期希臘字母的截斷。


Greek

Was Joe a Greek in college?

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

She is absolutely a total GFE, no limits, except no Greek. (Well...I say “no Greek” - - if she is really hot for you, and if she is really turned on in a long session, she might beg for a finger in her anus while you suck her clit, but she is just too tiny and tight for any “real meat” in the backdoor.)

2001, "ASP: 'Julie' of Oral-Land-Oh", alt.sex.prostitution, Usenet:

“What's within reason?” “Hand-job, blow-job, full sex — straight, full service. Greek, maybe, if you're not too big. Golden shower, if you like, but not reverse. No hardsports. And absolutely nothing without.”

2012, Maxim Jakubowski, The Best British Crime Omnibus:

其中之一的希臘字母，用來表示投資風險的變數


red

源自中古英語 red，源自古英語 rēad，源自原始西日耳曼語 *raud，源自原始日耳曼語 *raudaz（對比西弗里斯蘭語 read、低地德語 root、rod、荷蘭語 rood、德語 rot、丹麥語、書面挪威語 rød、新挪威語 raud），源自原始印歐語 *h₁rowdʰós，來自詞根*h₁rewdʰ-（對比威爾士語 rhudd、拉丁語 ruber、rufus、吐火羅語A rtär、吐火羅語B ratre、古希臘語 ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)、阿爾巴尼亞語 pruth (“紅髮人”)、教會斯拉夫語 рудъ (rudŭ)、捷克語 rudý、立陶宛語 raúdas、阿維斯陀語 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita)、梵語 रुधिर (rudhirá, “紅色的，血腥的”)）。

red：

His face turned red in embarrassment.

社會主義者或共產主義者；(首字母常大寫) 布爾什維克

同類詞： pinko

A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / in our Italian restaurant.

1977 September, Billy Joel （作曲作詞）, “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, 出自 The Stranger:

He produced a wine key from his jacket pocket and effortlessly removed the cork from the bottle of red.

2005, Jeffrey P. Landry, Temptation Mango:

59 sneak in some red Smuggle a bottle of wine, two glasses, and a corkscrew into a long matinee. Red wine is rich in life-extending antioxidants, and the caper will add zest even to a bad movie.

2008 January–February, “70 Ways to Improve Every Day of the Week”, 出自 Men's Health, 卷 23, 期 1, →ISSN，頁號 135:

What in the world ever became of sweet Jane? / She lost her sparkle, you know she isn't the same / Livin' on reds, vitamin C, and cocaine

1970, “Truckin'”, 出自 American Beauty, 演出者 Grateful Dead:

The big market, these days, is in Downers. Reds and smack—Seconal and heroin—and a hellbroth of bad domestic grass sprayed with everything from arsenic to horse tranquillizers.

1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2005，頁號 202:

Stopping on the red, you're going on the green / Cause tonight will be like nothing you've ever seen / And you're barreling down the boulevard / You're looking for the heart of Saturday night

1974, Tom Waits （作曲作詞）, “(Looking for) The Heart of Saturday Night”, 出自 The Heart of Saturday Night:

辣豆醬（一般用在短語“bowl of red”中）

Houston visited a home in an early pioneer settlement where he was offered a bowl of red. Houston eagerly took his first large spoonful. His eyes watering, he spat out his bite […]

1982, The Rotarian (volume 140, number 1, page 39)

The species Sciaenops ocellatus certainly isn’t lacking for nicknames.[…] Clear water also favors sightcasting. Against the dark background of marsh mud, a red will appear like a pumpkin — big, orange and round.

2013 November, Catch Cormier, “Sightcasting for redfish”, 出自 Louisiana Sportsman:


CAI

=Computer-aided instruction 或 Computer-Assisted Instruction，计算机辅助教学

=Confederation of Aerial Industries，航空工业联盟


ginseng

源自泉漳話 人參／人参 (jîn-som)。

genseng, gingseng, ginsing, jinseng, jin-seng

When the Afghan princes find it necessary to employ Chob-Chini, (the Jin-seng, or China root so celebrated as a purifier, tonic, and aphrodisiac) they choose the spring season.

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Dover, 出版於 1964，頁號s 56–7:

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013 March 30, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, 出自 American Scientist, 卷 101, 期 2，於2013-05-16歸檔自原頁面，頁號 134:


cerise

借自法語 cerise（19世纪中叶），其本身源自通俗拉丁語 ceresia，源自拉丁語 cerasium。cherry的同源异形词。

樱桃：

His bold patterns in vivid colours predated the arrival in Paris of the Ballets Russes, though his later designs reflect the canary yellows, bright blues, jades, cerises […]


語言

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/ᵑɡui²¹ ᵑɡun²²/

/ɲi²⁴ ɲi̯en¹¹/

/ɲi²⁴ ɲi̯an¹¹/

/ɲi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɲian¹¹/

/ŋy²¹ ŋyiŋ³³/

/ŋy³³⁻²¹ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/

國際音標 (廈門, 臺北

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan¹³/

泉漳話: 高雄, 晉江, 菲律賓

泉漳話: 高雄, 晉江, 菲律賓

泉漳話: 高雄, 晉江, 菲律賓

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²³/

泉漳話: 高雄, 晉江, 菲律賓

/ɡi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/

泉漳話: 高雄, 晉江, 菲律賓

國際音標 (晉江, 菲律賓

/ɡɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/n̠ʲy²² ɦi⁴⁴/

бызшва

人類思維和表達思想的手段

абызшәа

人類思維和表達思想的手段

бызшәа

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahsa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

бзэ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

taal

人類思維和表達思想的手段

イタㇰ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𒅴

人類思維和表達思想的手段

gjuhë

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زووان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ቋንቋ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ልሳን

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mizaa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

biyáti

人類思維和表達思想的手段

لُغَة

人類思維和表達思想的手段

لِسَان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

لغة

人類思維和表達思想的手段

لُغَة

人類思維和表達思想的手段

لُغَة

人類思維和表達思想的手段

luenga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ܠܫܢܐ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

לִשָּׁנָא

人類思維和表達思想的手段

чӏат

人類思維和表達思想的手段

լեզու

人類思維和表達思想的手段

limbã

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ভাষা

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

llingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мацӏ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁

人類思維和表達思想的手段

aru

人類思維和表達思想的手段

dil

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lisan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zəban

人類思維和表達思想的手段

பாஷை

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᬩᬲ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زوان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

basa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тел

人類思維和表達思想的手段

hizkuntza

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мо́ва

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ভাষা

人類思維和表達思想的手段

জবান

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tataramon

人類思維和表達思想的手段

yezh

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мез

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ези́к

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ဘာသာစကား

人類思維和表達思想的手段

စကား

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ဘာသာ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

စာ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

хэлэн

人類思維和表達思想的手段

chipí

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

llengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

boros

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мотт

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

anompa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

йиԓииԓ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

йиԓыйиԓ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

чӗлхе

人類思維和表達思想的手段

바하사

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ⲗⲁⲥ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

yeth

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

til

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jazyk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

řeč

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

sprog

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tunge

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мез

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ބަސް

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тыл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

nandwort

人類思維和表達思想的手段

taal

人類思維和表達思想的手段

spraak

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tong

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ཁ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𐎍𐎌𐎐

人類思維和表達思想的手段

language

人類思維和表達思想的手段

кель

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingvo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

keel

人類思維和表達思想的手段

төрэн

人類思維和表達思想的手段

турэн

人類思維和表達思想的手段

хэңкэ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tɔgʋm

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tɔɣʋm

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mál

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tungumál

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bhasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

vosa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kieli

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langue

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langue

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langue

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lenghe

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ɗemŋgal

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤽𞤺𞤢𞤤

人類思維和表達思想的手段

dil

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

fala

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाख

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ልሳን

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ენა

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sprache

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Einzelsprache

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Språch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sproch/Sprooch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sproch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sproch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زوان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

taetae

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰

人類思維和表達思想的手段

γλώσσα

人類思維和表達思想的手段

γλῶσσα

人類思維和表達思想的手段

γλῶττα

人類思維和表達思想的手段

oqaatsit

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ñe'ẽ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ભાષા

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زوان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

harshe

人類思維和表達思想的手段

‘ōlelo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lang

人類思維和表達思想的手段

לָשׁוֹן

人類思維和表達思想的手段

שָׂפָה

人類思維和表達思想的手段

inikagiyan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाषा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ज़बान

人類思維和表達思想的手段

बोली

人類思維和表達思想的手段

लिसान

人類思維和表達思想的手段

लुगत

人類思維和表達思想的手段

जुबान

人類思維和表達思想的手段

जबान

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाखा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भासा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाष

人類思維和表達思想的手段

वाणी

人類思維和表達思想的手段

nyelv

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jaku

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mál

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tungumál

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tunga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

linguo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

keel

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мотт

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

linguage

人類思維和表達思想的手段

teanga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ภาษา

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lèngua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

laèngua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

limbĕ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

言語

人類思維和表達思想的手段

言葉

人類思維和表達思想的手段

basa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

бзэ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tutlayt

人類思維和表達思想的手段

келн

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ಭಾಷೆ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tǝlam

人類思維和表達思想的手段

amanu

人類思維和表達思想的手段

pamiyalita

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

til

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kieli

人類思維和表達思想的手段

hih

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زَبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jãzëk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тіл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ӄаʼ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тіл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

няԓәм ҷӓв

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ясӑӈ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ясаӈ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ភាសា

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мец

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᨽᩣᩈᩣ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

кыв

人類思維和表達思想的手段

кыв

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भास

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bhas

人類思維和表達思想的手段

언어(言語)

人類思維和表達思想的手段

말

人類思維和表達思想的手段

йилыйил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

iasg

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زمان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ziman

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingaz

人類思維和表達思想的手段

rujneda

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lashon

人類思維和表達思想的手段

לינגוה

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زوان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

iyapi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ພາສາ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

volūda

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

valoda

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ნენა

人類思維和表達思想的手段

чӏал

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

taol

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lokóta

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kalba

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ddar

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Spraoke

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Spraake

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sprak

人類思維和表達思想的手段

giella

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sprooch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᦘᦱᦉᦱ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

јазик

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasah

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᨅᨔ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ഭാഷ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingwa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lsien

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

çhengey

人類思維和表達思想的手段

reo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

basa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाषा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

chuukwer

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زوون

人類思維和表達思想的手段

speche

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tonge

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langage

人類思維和表達思想的手段

sprāche

人類思維和表達思想的手段

uzvān

人類思維和表達思想的手段

baso

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ნინა

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lhéngua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ṭawng

人類思維和表達思想的手段

кяль

人類思維和表達思想的手段

хэл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᠬᠡᠯᠡ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

thiểng

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tlahtōlli

人類思維和表達思想的手段

хэсэ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

langue

人類思維和表達思想的手段

edorer

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ekakairũ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

saad

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाषा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lugha

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тиф

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

spriik

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Spraak

人類思維和表達思想的手段

giella

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᨽᩣᩇᩣ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

språk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

talemål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tunge

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tungemål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

språk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

talemål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tunge

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tungemål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ñiok

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lenga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idiòma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

inwewin

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ѩзꙑкъ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ⱗⰸⱏⰹⰽⱏ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ꙗзꙑкъ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мова

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ġeþēode

人類思維和表達思想的手段

sprāhha

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mál

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tunga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengaje

人類思維和表達思想的手段

sprāka

人類思維和表達思想的手段

nheenga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ଭାଷା

人類思維和表達思想的手段

afaan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ӕвзаг

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ژبه

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Schprooch

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lenga

人類思維和表達思想的手段

laenghwij

人類思維和表達思想的手段

Sproak

人類思維和表達思想的手段

język

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mowa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

língua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ਬੋੱਲੀ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ਜ਼ਬਾਨ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ਭਾਸ਼ਾ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

rimay

人類思維和表達思想的手段

shimi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

rimay

人類思維和表達思想的手段

simi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

reo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

reo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengva

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ćhib

人類思維和表達思想的手段

limbă

人類思維和表達思想的手段

linguatg

人類思維和表達思想的手段

язы́к

人類思維和表達思想的手段

речь

人類思維和表達思想的手段

бесї́да

人類思維和表達思想的手段

язы́к

人類思維和表達思想的手段

беше́да

人類思維和表達思想的手段

чӏел

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ururimi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𐩡𐩪𐩬

人類思維和表達思想的手段

gagana

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kalba

人類思維和表達思想的手段

sarä

人類思維和表達思想的手段

mëngä

人類思維和表達思想的手段

yângâködörö

人類思維和表達思想的手段

भाषा

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᱨᱳᱲ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

limbàlzu

人類思維和表達思想的手段

leid

人類思維和表達思想的手段

cànan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

cainnt

人類思維和表達思想的手段

јѐзик

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jèzik

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ၽႃႇသႃႇ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ꉙ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

godka

人類思維和表達思想的手段

gŏdka

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ڀاشا

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ٻولي

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

භාෂාව

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ǩiõll

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jazyk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

jêzik

人類思維和表達思想的手段

af

人類思維和表達思想的手段

مَاتَڸ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

rěc

人類思維和表達思想的手段

rěč

人類思維和表達思想的手段

puo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тил

人類思維和表達思想的手段

gïele

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lengua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

idioma

人類思維和表達思想的手段

basa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ნინ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lugha

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ki-

人類思維和表達思想的手段

språk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tungomål

人類思維和表達思想的手段

чӏал

人類思維和表達思想的手段

wika

人類思維和表達思想的手段

reo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ꪁꪫꪱꪣ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ᥑᥣᥛᥰ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

забон

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zıvon

人類思維和表達思想的手段

மொழி

人類思維和表達思想的手段

பாசை

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zuhun

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тел

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

భాష

人類思維和表達思想的手段

língua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ภาษา

人類思維和表達思想的手段

སྐད

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ልሳን

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ልሳን

人類思維和表達思想的手段

käntu

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kantwo

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lea faka

人類思維和表達思想的手段

dil

人類思維和表達思想的手段

til

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lisan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

dil

人類思維和表達思想的手段

дыл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tiểng

人類思維和表達思想的手段

uab

人類思維和表達思想的手段

кыл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

𐎍𐎌𐎐

人類思維和表達思想的手段

мо́ва

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

بھاشا

人類思維和表達思想的手段

بولی

人類思維和表達思想的手段

تىل

人類思維和表達思想的手段

til

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zabon

人類思維和表達思想的手段

łéngua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kel’

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tiếng

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ngôn ngữ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tiếng nói

人類思維和表達思想的手段

pük

人類思維和表達思想的手段

tšeeli

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kiil

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lingaedje

人類思維和表達思想的手段

iaith

人類思維和表達思想的手段

taal

人類思維和表達思想的手段

بولی

人類思維和表達思想的手段

زبان

人類思維和表達思想的手段

بھاشا

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lus

人類思維和表達思想的手段

hom lus

人類思維和表達思想的手段

làkk

人類思維和表達思想的手段

kàllaama

人類思維和表達思想的手段

lammiñ

人類思維和表達思想的手段

yegai

人類思維和表達思想的手段

hua

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ulwimi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

物言

人類思維和表達思想的手段

bahasa

人類思維和表達思想的手段

тыл

人類思維和表達思想的手段

לשון

人類思維和表達思想的手段

שפּראַך

人類思維和表達思想的手段

物言

人類思維和表達思想的手段

èdè

人類思維和表達思想的手段

qaneryaraq

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zon

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zowan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zewan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

zıwan

人類思維和表達思想的手段

vah

人類思維和表達思想的手段

yijyenz

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ulimi

人類思維和表達思想的手段

ǂàã

人類思維和表達思想的手段

腔

人類思維和表達思想的手段

言語

人類思維和表達思想的手段

言语

人類思維和表達思想的手段

話

人類思維和表達思想的手段

话

人類思維和表達思想的手段

話語

人類思維和表達思想的手段

话语

人類思維和表達思想的手段

表示拼寫語言用文字 (wénzì)。

人類最重要的交際工具。是人類思維和表達思想的手段，也是人類社會最基本的信息載體。是人區別於其他動物的本質特徵之一。它是以語音為物質外殼，以語詞為建築材料，以語法為結構規律而構成的符號體系。(分類詞：種／种; 門／门 官)

羅曼語言

罗曼语言

少數族群語言

少数族群语言

授課語言

授课语言

瀕危語言

濒危语言

語言慣例

语言惯例

語言能力很強

语言能力很强

你會說哪些語言？

你会说哪些语言？

法語是一門美麗的語言。

法语是一门美丽的语言。


Apple

紐約市的綽號，通常用“the Big Apple”。

如果指公司，則代表蘋果公司，曾稱「Apple Computer」，生產電腦和其他數碼設備，並銷售和生產多媒體事物。

如果指多媒體機構，則代表由披頭四樂團創立的（蘋果總公司）和唱片公司（蘋果唱片）。

Listen, Apple’s not perfect. You need proof? We made the Newton. We made that one Mac that looks like a toaster. We actually thought the Apple Watch was cool.

We put a YouTube album on your phones. You know, the one you’ve been struggling to delete. That thing keeps coming back, huh? And we can’t even make out battery last more than, like, a day!

2016 March 13, “Encryption”, 出自 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, 季数 3, 集数 5, 經由 HBO:


facies

借自拉丁語 faciēs (“形式，構造，形象；面孔，面容，容貌”)。face的同源對似詞。

The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, 卷 V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN，頁號 6:

costive facies

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


dun

未知；可能是din的變體。多個來源認為源自 Joe Dun，一名因逮捕追債者而出名的執達吏之名，不過這個說法有爭議。

Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun or other.

1889 [1712], John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull, London: Cassell & Co., →OCLC，頁號 71:

Melancholy duns came looking for him at all hours.

1933, George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, Ch. 18:

‘Frank's worried about duns,’ she said as the butler went away.

1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York 2007, p. 102:


dun

不確定；可能來自其顏色。

Also, duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.

1966, John Harris, An Angler's Entomology, New York: Barnes, →OCLC，頁號 16:

一種類似蜉蝣亞成蟲的擬餌

We have besides for this Month a little Dun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.

1676, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome, →OCLC, March，頁號 59:


Africa

繼承自中古英語 Affrike，來自古法語 Affrique, Affrike，來自拉丁語 Āfrica，來自Āfrī，Āfer的單數 (迦太基國的人民)又源自於：
* 布匿語或腓尼基語中的𐤏𐤐𐤓 (ʿpr /ʿafar/, “灰塵”)，在其他閃語族語言也有同義詞。
* 柏柏爾語族中的ifri (“洞穴”)，ifran的複數，指突尼斯的洞穴居民 (參見泰塔溫)。
民間詞源包括：
* 古希臘語 ἀ- (a-) + φρίκη f (phríkē)，意思為不冷
* 拉丁語 aprica (“陽光”)。

the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa

馬格里布和撒哈拉以南非洲

The Sahara stood as an important marker between the Maghreb and Africa, not only in modern times but in times immemorial.

撒哈拉是馬格里布和黑非洲之間的一個重要標誌地，不僅在現代，在遠古時期亦是如此。

2021 June 10, Abdelmajid Hannoum, The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁號 205:

阿非利加（行省名，位於羅馬帝國）


abduction

正體: 最佳推導[電子計算機]


aikido

借自日語 合(あい)気(き)道(どう) (aikidō)。hapkido的同源對似詞。


cola

來自尼日爾-剛果語系語言，對照提姆語 kola、曼丁哥語 kola。因飲料「Coca-Cola」讓這個詞廣為人知，也讓「c」代替「k」的拼寫深入人心。


agitation

来自法語 agitation，来自拉丁語 agitātiō (“運動，激動”)。

/æ.d͡ʒɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

emotion, commotion, excitement, trepidation, tremor, perturbation


milk

源自中古英語 milk、mylk、melk、mulc，源自古英語 meolc、meoluc (“奶”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *meluks，源自原始印歐語 *h₂melǵ-。
同源词
与西弗里斯蘭語 molke、荷蘭語 melk、下薩克森荷蘭語 melk、德語 Milch、德國低地德語 Melk、意第緒語 מילך (milkh)、丹麥語 mælk、書面挪威語 mjølk、melk、新挪威語 mjølk、瑞典語 mjölk、冰島語 mjólk、法羅語 mjólk、阿爾巴尼亞語 mjel (“挤奶”)、波蘭語 mleko、俄語 молоко́ (molokó)、威爾士語 blith、吐火羅語A malke、立陶宛語 malkas和拉脫維亞語 malks同源。也可能和古希臘語 μέλκιον (mélkion)同源。

m*lk

植物乳，（植物的）白色乳汁

mylk

植物乳，（植物的）白色乳汁

non-dairy milk

植物乳，（植物的）白色乳汁

plant milk

植物乳，（植物的）白色乳汁

Skyr is a product made of curdled milk.

[…] there's going to be that much less milk available to cover any other uses. Which means whether it's liquid milk or whether it's [milk that's been turned into] cheese or yogurt, the price gets pulled up right across the board.

2007 September 24, Chris Horseman (interviewee), Emily Harris (reporter), “Global Dairy Demand Drives Up Prices”, Morning Edition, National Public Radio

In the West it's' fairly normal to drink milk in various forms into adulthood.

2017, Adam Rutherford, A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived, The Experiment, →ISBN，頁號 75:

植物乳，（植物的）白色乳汁

Where it does fall down, however, is its nutritional value. While oats are largely a healthy grain to include in your diet, the milk is highly diluted with water, giving it little nutritional value.

2018 September 16, Alexandra Spring, “'Milk' mania: why most alternatives aren't great – but camel milk just might be”, 出自 The Guardian:

For environmentally minded consumers, the news is hard to swallow: almond milk is not healthy for the planet and the popular milk substitute is especially hard on bees.

2020 January 29, Annette McGivney, “Almonds are out. Dairy is a disaster. So what milk should we drink?”, 出自 The Guardian:

The guests at table three ordered three glasses of milk.

（加到茶、咖啡等的一份）奶

I take my tea with two milk(s) and two sugar.

我给我的茶配两份奶两份糖。

She just sat there drinking cup after cup of strong coffee, with two milks and two sugars.

2014, Don Eggspuehler, Teachings 源自Pop, Author House (ISBN 9781496907202), page 459:

Five minutes later, he returned with Justin's large coffee with two milk and two sweeteners and a black coffee for himself.

2015, Carolyn Arnold, City of Gold: (Mathew Connor Adventure Series Book 1), Hibbert & Stiles Publishing Inc. (ISBN 9781988353043)

Mrs. Dale huffed up to the counter and fired her battle-axe stare at the attendant. “One medium tea. ... Two double-doubles, and one with two milk and two sweeteners.”

2019, Maggie Blackbird, Redeemed: The Matawapit Family Series, #1, eXtasy Books (ISBN 9781487424558), page 349:

She placed on her desk a brown paper bag; it held her breakfast, cream cheese on a toasted bagel and coffee with two milks and one sugar.

2020, John Mitton, Tedmund and the Murdered Heiress, Page Publishing, Inc (ISBN 9781645846505)


Thai

借自泰語 ไทย (tai)。Tai和Dai的同源對似詞。

The Bangkok government indicated real concern over the developments in Communist China’s Yunnan province. Thai officials were afraid that Sibsongpanna would be a center where pro-Communist Thai in Southeast Asia would go and where subversive agitation could be directed against outside legitimate governments.

1958, Russell H. Fifield, The Diplomacy of Southeast Asia: 1945-1958, New York: Harper & Brothers, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁號 263:


constipation

來自拉丁語 constīpātiō，來自cōnstīpō。

將東西塞進較小空間的行為


Japanese

:Template:U:en:-ese然而在東亞它卻經常被翻譯成漢語 日本人 (rìběnrén)或日語 日本人 (Nihonjin)。

A Japanese will typically have black hair, brown eyes, and pale skin.

日本人一般長著黑髮、褐眼睛，皮膚白皙。

Motoyuki Shibata isn’t a typical Japanese.
柴田元幸不是一名典型的日本人。

2007 October 16, Madeleine Brand, “Japan Struggles to Meet Its CO2 Emissions Limits”, Day to Day, National Public Radio,

How courteous is the Japanese;

他總是開口說道“不好意思”。

Let’s go out to eat. I’m in the mood for Japanese.

咱們出去吃吧。我想吃日餐。


abstraction

來自中古英語 abstraccyone；來自中古法語 abstraction或來自中世紀拉丁語 abstrāctiō (“分開”)，來自拉丁語 abstrahō (“離開，移開”)。等同於abstract + -ion。


Wassen

源自日耳曼語族：
* 源自荷蘭語 Wassen；
* 源自瑞典語 Wassén；
* 源自德語 Waßen。

瓦森，市鎮名，位於瑞士烏里 州

源自日耳曼語族的姓氏（來自日耳曼語族）： 源自瑞典語的姓氏（來自瑞典語）

源自日耳曼語族的姓氏（來自日耳曼語族）： 源自德語的姓氏（來自德語）

源自日耳曼語族的姓氏（來自日耳曼語族）： 源自荷蘭語的姓氏（來自荷蘭語）


accommodation

借自法語 accommodation，派生自拉丁語 accommodātiō (“調整、適應”)，源自accommodō (“適應，整理”)。表面上由 accommodate + -ion組成。


English

源自中古英語 Englisch、English、Inglis，來自古英語 Englisċ (“盎格魯人的；英格蘭的”)，來自Engle (“盎格魯人，日耳曼部落”) + -isċ；等同於Angle + -ish。對比荷蘭語 Engels、丹麥語 engelsk、古法語 Englesche（法語 anglais的來源）, 德語 englisch、西班牙語 inglés，最初來源為原始印歐語 *h₂enǵʰ- (“窄的”)（對比梵語 अंहु (aṃhu, “窄的”)、अंहस् (aṃhas, “緊張；罪惡”)、拉丁語 angustus (“窄的”)、教會斯拉夫語 ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “窄的”)）。

The Scottish and the English have a history of conflict.

蘇格蘭人和英格蘭人之間的恩怨由來已久。

熟練掌握、使用英語的能力

My coworkers have pretty good English for non-native speakers.

我的同事雖然母語不是英語，但他的英語說得很好。

英語中的表達 英語中的特定用語、用詞

What's the English for ‘à peu près’?

英語中怎麼表達“à peu près”？

The technical details are correct, but much of the English is not very clear.

技術信息都是正確的，但是用詞上有些模糊。

介於派卡（12点）與大普赖默体（18点）的字體，一般標準為14點。

You are trying to put too much English on the ball.


meningitis

源自古希臘語 μῆνῐγξ (mêninx) + -itis，等价于meninge + -itis。


chloramphenicol

源自chlor- + am(ide) + phen- + ni(tro)- + (gly)col。

/ˌklɔɹˌæmˈfɛn.ɪˌkɔl/


Uzbek

來自俄語 узбек (uzbek)，來自烏茲別克語 oʻzbek。進一步的詞源不確定；可能來自突厥語族 öz (“真誠的，真正的”) + 粟特語 βγ (/beġ/, “大師”)；後者來自原始印度-雅利安語 *bʰagás，來自原始印度-伊朗語 *bʰagás。第一個音素常被認為可能與英語 Oghuz相等。


hemorrhage

源自拉丁語 haemorrhagia，源自古希臘語 αἱμορραγία (haimorrhagía, “大量出血”)，源自αἱμορραγής (haimorrhagḗs, “大量出血”)，源自αἷμα (haîma, “血”) + -ραγία (-ragía)，源自ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai, “喷出”)。

/ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

We got news that he died of a hemorrhage.

我们得知了他失血过多而死的消息。

the fiscal hemorrhage that has resulted from financial globalization

由金融全球化导致的大量财政损失


anxiety

來自拉丁語 anxietās，來自anxius (“焦慮，掛念，痛苦，動亂”)，來自angō (“悲痛，麻煩”)，與古希臘語 ἄγχω (ánkhō, “窒息”)同族。等同於anxious + -ety。參見anger；angst。

care, solicitude, foreboding, uneasiness, perplexity, disquietude, disquiet, trouble, apprehension, restlessness, distress

The inquest on keeper Davidson was duly held, and at the commencement seemed likely to cause Tony Palliser less anxiety than he had expected.

1907, Harold Bindloss, 章號 4, 出自 The Dust of Conflict:

But the other, because he's been immersed in arguments, gives the appearance of harbouring considerable anxiety and suspicion that he's ignorant of those matters he presents himself to others as an expert on.

2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 268a.

對某事物的一種不安或苦惱的慾望

焦躁不安的狀態，有胸口悶和胃不舒服的感覺


surgery

來自中古英語 surgerie，來自古法語 surgerie，來自拉丁語 chirurgia，來自古希臘語 χειρουργία (kheirourgía)，來自χείρ (kheír, “手”) + ἔργον (érgon, “工作”)。chirurgy的同源對似詞。

operating room, operating theatre, theatre, bright lights and cold steel

Surgery is often necessary to prevent cancer from spreading.

为防止癌症扩散，手术通常是必需的。

The physician's proper place was in the library, not in the surgery.

医生应该在图书馆里，而不是在手术室里。

2006, Philip Ball, The Devil's Doctor, Arrow, 出版於 2007，頁號 51:

I dropped in on the surgery as I was passing to show the doctor my hemorrhoids.

我经过医生办公室时，顺便给他看了我的痔疮。


exception

简体: 异常[信息科技]

正體: 異常，例外[計算機]

正體: 異常；例外[自由軟體]

简体: 异常：例外[自由软体]

正體: 異常，例外[電子計算機]


paste

來自中古英語 paste，來自古法語 paste (現代pâte)，來自晚期拉丁語 pasta，來自古希臘語 πάστα (pásta)。pasta和patty的同源對似詞。


Wasser

源自 中古高地德語 wazzer，源自 古高地德語 wazzar，源自 原始日耳曼语 *watar /源自 原始日耳曼語 *watōr，最終源自 原始印歐語 *wódr̥。比較 低地德語 Water，荷蘭語與英語 water，丹麥語 vand。

Wassers
Wasser (plural)
Wässer (plural)
Wässerchen (neuter diminutive)
Wässerlein (neuter)

含水液体，如泪、汗、尿等


rumour

rumor的另一種拼寫法


ibuprofen

來自i(so)bu(tyl) + pro(pionic acid) + phen(yl)。


eminence

源自古法語 eminence，源自拉丁語 ēminēntia (“卓越，显赫”)。

From the summit of an eminence I had already had a distant view of Osbaldistone Hall, a large and antiquated edifice, peeping out from a Druidical grove of huge oaks [...].

We stopped for a moment at the golf course to chat with members of the Consular staff, and then drove on to the Consulate, which was set upon an eminence, above evidences of landscape-gardening; a sweep of lawns, with coarse, whitened grass; flower-beds in which larkspur and nasturtiums fought against desperate odds.

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:eminence。

eminence：


German

來自拉丁語 Germānus、Germānī (“來自Germānia的民族”)，不同於Gauls (在凱撒和塔西佗的著作中)，最初源頭不明 (可能是凱爾特語族/高盧語)。
與german (“關係密切的”)或germane無關 (來自拉丁語形容詞germānus，經由古法語)。
至少在1520年開始出現。取代了英語中較早的術語Almain和Dutch (來自原始日耳曼語 *þiudiskaz)。除了德語、日耳曼語、荷蘭語的同源詞外，其他語言中表示德國人的兩類詞源一個是Saxon的同源詞和原始斯拉夫語 *němьcь的派生詞；更多資訊參閱這些條目。

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

日耳曼民族成員；日耳曼後裔

Rome was sacked by Germans and the Western Roman Empire collapsed.

羅馬被日耳曼人大肆劫掠，西羅馬帝國就此滅亡。

[…] tie them tightly in a thickly floured cloth, and boil them for three hours and a half. We can recommend this as a remarkably light small rich pudding : it may be served with German, wine, or punch sauce.

1858, Eliza Acton, Modern Cookery in All Its Branches: Reduced to a System of Easy Practice, for the Use of Private Families : in a Series of Receipts, which Have Been Strictly Tested, and are Given with the Most Minute Exactness : to which are Added Directions for Carving, Garnishing, and Setting Out the Table, with a Table of Weights and Measures，頁號 279:

The wine list harbours some great bottles, mature clarets and Burgundies as well as a clutch of fine Germans (gold-dust these days in restaurants) […]

1996, Jim Ainsworth, Passport's Guide to Britain's Best Restaurants:

介於美式和撒克遜式的字體大小，約1+¹⁄₂點式

In my German, they calling me a baller (skrr)

2021 May 21, “Plugged In Freestyle”, Big Tobz in Big Tobz & Blittz 作詞, Fumez The Engineer 作曲，0:13–0:16:

There are some 32 different terms for prison officers, from the humorously affectionate kanga(rhyming slang:kangaroo = screw) and the variants Scooby-Doo and Dr. Who via the mildly confrontational German (as if still the enemy over 50 years after World War II!) to the outright abuse of shit-parcel.

1996, Angela Devlin, Prison Patter, Waterside Press, →ISBN:


demonstration

正體: 表演[電機工程]

正體: 示範[電子計算機]


operation

/ˌɒpəˈɹeɪʃən/

/ˌɑpəˈɹeɪʃən/

正體: 作業；操作；運算[自由軟體]

简体: 操作[自由软体]

正體: 運算；作業 ； 操作[電機工程]

正體: 作業；操作；運算[電子計算機]


Asia

繼承自中古英語 Asia、Asie，來自古法語 Asie和拉丁語 Asia，來自古希臘語 Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Asíā)，來自邁錫尼希臘語 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/)，也可能來自赫梯語 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/, “西北安納托力亞”)，起源未知。可能愛琴語系為基底或阿卡德語。可能是Assuwa的同源對似詞。

轉變自地名的女性人名，用於現代

And Scott Haskell started going out with this sophomore girl called Asia, who was this rich girl from Weston Heights.

1994, Blake Nelson, Girl: A Novel, Simon&Schuster, →ISBN，頁號 81:

亞細亞（羅馬帝國的舊省份，位於現今土耳其西部）


violence

强暴;暴力;暴行;激烈;猛烈


publication

正體: 出版品；發行物[自由軟體]

简体: 出版物[自由软体]

正體: 出版；出版品[電子計算機]


hypertext

We do not read hypertext the same way we read a novel, and browsing the Web is a different experience from reading a book or newspaper.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2009, Christian Vandendorpe, Phyllis Aronoff, and Howard Scott (Phyllis Aronoff, Howard Scott, transl.), 源自Papyrus to Hypertext: Toward the Universal Digital Library, University of Illinois Press, ISBN 0252076257, p 1:

Further, hypertext systems, because of their ease of construction, are very rich in text, graphics and visual illustrations.

1999, Ray McAleese, Hypertext: Theory into Practice, Intellect Books, →ISBN，頁號 2:

Did Nelson realize at the time that he had met Xanadu's second parent? Probably not. The inventor scattered his ideas as widely as possible, with little care about where they landed. But as the decades passed, it would be Gregory who oversaw the attempt to transform Xanadu into a real product. He never received much public notice, but through all the project's painful deaths and rebirths, Gregory's commitment to Nelson's dream of a universal hypertext library never waned. If Ted Nelson is Xanadu's profligate father, Roger Gregory is Xanadu's devoted mother, and in retrospect, his role appears to have been intertwined with a terrible element of sacrifice.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1995, Gary Wolf, "The Curse of Xanadu", WIRED

A hypertext system, then, is a memex-like device for creating and manipulating hypertexts, both for on-line browsing, and for reducing selected portions of such texts to.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1969, S. Carmody, W. Gross, T. Nelson, D. Rice, and A. van Dam, “A Hypertext Editing System for the /360”, in Michael Faiman and Jurg Nievergelt, Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics: Proceedings, University of Illinois Press, p 296:


prescription

/pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/

消滅時效，法令限制，訴訟時效


hypothermia

新拉丁語，源自古希臘語 ὑπο- (hupo-, “在...之下，低于”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “热量”) + -ία (-ía, 阴性后缀)

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/

Hypothermia is the systemic cold injury.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


gangrene

來自法語 gangrène，來自拉丁語 gangraena，來自古希臘語 γάγγραινα (gángraina, “壞疽”)。

/ˈɡaŋˌɡɹiːn/

If gangrene sets in, we may have to amputate the foot.

如果坏疽发生，我们可能不得不截肢。

Women should earn equal wages with men for equal work done. Child marriages and polygamy are a gangrene on society.
女性应该与男性同工同酬。童婚和一夫多妻制是社会的毒瘤。

1960, Cora Vreede-de Stuers, The Indonesian woman: struggles and achievements


debug

It may appear odd in the example that the no debug all command was entered before and after the debug was done. The first command is unnecessary, but getting into this habit can save you!

2009, Dale Liu, Cisco CCNA/CCENT Exam 640-802, 640-822, 640-816 Preparation Kit:

What should be the next steps following a test failure during debug?

2019, James K. Peckol, Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool (page 539)


resolution

最早記錄於1412年，作中古英語 resolucioun (“解除；解散”)，可能源自盎格魯-諾曼語 resolucion 或直接源自拉丁語 resolūtiō (“鬆開；解決”)，源自 resolvō (“鬆開”)，源自延伸前綴 re- + solvō (“鬆開”)。

/ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/


labour

源自中古英語 labouren ← 古法語 laborer ← 拉丁語 laborare (“(intransitive) to labor, strive, exert oneself, suffer, be in distress, (transitive) to work out, elaborate”) ← labor (“labor, toil, work, exertion”)；参见robur (“力量”)。


adventure

源自中古英語 aventure, aunter, anter，借自古法語 aventure，源自晚期拉丁語 adventurus ← 拉丁語 advenire, adventum (“到达”)，羅曼語族表示“发生，遭遇”（见advene）。

/ədˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/

/ædˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/

/ədˈvɛnt͡ʃə/

遭遇困难；危险，打击性的事业；在遭遇危险下面对未知事件进行的赌注行为，需要胆量的任务；大胆的举措。

伟大的举措；瞩目的事件。

有风险的商业或投机性事业；冒险。


abandon

:< 古法语 abandoner——à + bandon（管辖，控制） < 中古拉丁语 bannum（宣告）< （日耳曼语源）—— 法兰克语 *ban < 原始日耳曼语 *bannan（宣告，命令）（对比现代英语 ban） < 原始印欧语 *bha-（说）。 法语借词替换了中古英语固有词 forleten（放弃）（ < 古英语 forlǣtan, anforlǣtan）与中古英语词 forleven（抛弃）（ < 古英语 forlǣfan）。


firmament

The firmament (sense 1) or sky.
One version of the Ptolemaic system of celestial spheres, with the firmament (indicated in Latin as Firmamentu[m]; sense 3) shown as the eighth heaven
源自中古英語 firmament、furmament (“天空”)，源自古法語 firmament (“天空”)，或源自其词源拉丁語 firmāmentum (“支撑；天空”)，源自firmāre (“增强，强化”) + -mentum (表示手段、媒介，或某个动作的结果的后缀)。firmāre是firmō (“使...稳固，固化”)的现在主动不定式，源自firmus (“稳固的，稳定的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *dʰer- (“支撑”)。
拉丁语词用于《圣经》的武加大译本中，用于翻译七十士译本（希腊语的《旧约圣经》）中的古希臘語 στερέωμα (steréōma, “框架，基础；天空”)一词，该希腊语词又用于翻译希伯來語 רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “天穹”)，源自词根ר־ק־ע (r-q-`)，在古典叙利亚语中的相似词根ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ)（与“压紧”有关）派生出ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “固实的，稳固的；天空，天穹”)。

Now to ye all, be firmaments to ſtars, / Be ſtars to Firmaments, and as you are / Splendent, ſo be fixed, not wandring, nor / Irregular, both keeping courſe together, [...]

1609, Everie VVoman in Her Humor, London: […] E[dward] A[llde] for Thomas Archer, […], →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer 編, Every Woman in Her Humor (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), [Amersham, Buckinghamshire]: [John S. Farmer] […], 1913, →OCLC:

And God ſaid, Let there be a firmament in the midſt of the waters: and let it diuide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament; and diuided the waters, which were under the firmament, from the waters, which were aboue the firmament: and it was ſo. And God called the firmament, Heauen: and the euening and the morning were the ſecond day.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:6–8:

[W]hat if all / Her ſtores were op'n'd, and this Firmament / Of Hell ſhould ſpout her Cataracts of Fire, [...]

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 174–175:

And far above the gentle moon sails on / Through the blue firmament. It is a scene / That gives that spot of earth the air of Heav'n!

1825 January, H. G. B., “The Bride of Parma”, 出自 The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany; […], 卷 XVI, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC，頁號 68，列號 2:

Some of his [Confucius's] philosophical principles are, [...] that the cause or principle of things must have had a co-existence with the things themselves; [...] and that the central point of influence，源自which this cause chiefly acts, is the blue firmament (tien), whence its emanations are spread over the universe; [...] the sun, moon, stars, and elements, are considered also as composing the firmament, or Teen, as the immediate agents of the Deity, and as the productive powers in creation.

1831, James Bell, “[Chinese Empire.] Chapter IV.”, 出自 A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific, […], 卷 V, Glasgow: Archibald Fullarton and Co. and Blackie and Son; […], →OCLC，頁號 34:

On its far side, on the very horizon of the world, stood purple mountains, so tall and sharp that they bridged the firmaments.

2001 December, J. Robert King, “Who are We?”, 出自 Brian Thomsen 編, Lancelot du Lethe, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, →ISBN，頁號 229:

The feeling I dread the most is not fear but despair—the dim, oppressive sense that the more things change, the more they stay the same; that each of us with a frozen heart "like an old-stone savage armed" will continue to move in darkness, lifting boulders, patrolling the firmaments of divisive anger.

2002, Barbara Kingsolver, “Small Wonder”, 出自 Small Wonder: Essays, New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, 出版於 2009, →ISBN:

[...] 'The Morning Star' and 'The Evening Star' have the same celestial object as Bedeutung, but present that object in different ways, perhaps in one case as the object that appears in such and such a place in the morning firmament and in the other as the object that appears in such and such a place in the evening firmament.

2013, Alexander Miller, “The Development of Theories of Meaning: From Frege to McDowell and Beyond”, 出自 Michael Beaney 編, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Development of Analytic Philosophy)，頁號 658:

界，圈 （某个活动或利益的圈子）

the international fashion firmament

Europe dominated foreign policy concerns, followed by the Near East and China, where General George C[atlett] Marshall tried, in vain, to mediate a civil war. Japan glowed dimly in the foreign policy firmament.

1997, Michael Schaller, “Japan: From Enemy to Ally, 1945–50”, 出自 Altered States: The United States and Japan since the Occupation, New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁號 7:

By this time, Seaford was a town of 2,000 people, and, in the next decade, the poultry industry became a rising star in the firmament of economic growth as new housing and feeding techniques were introduced.

1999, Shannon Wiley, “Introduction”, 出自 Seaford, Delaware (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 出版於 2001, →ISBN，頁號 8:

She [Anna Pavlova] provided articulate, well-thought-out and educational interviews and articles from her first appearances in which she would lay out her life story, the course of her training, the place of ballet in the European and Russian artistic firmaments.

2008, Adrienne L. McLean, “A Channel for Progress: Theatrical Dance, Popular Culture, and (The) American Ballet”, 出自 Dying Swans and Madmen: Ballet, the Body, and Narrative Cinema, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN，頁號 40:

[B]etweene the ſphere of Saturne and the Firmament, there is ſuch an incredible and vaſt ſpace or diſtance (7000000. ſemidiameters of the earth, as Tycho [Brahe] calculates) void of ſtarres: [...]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Ayre Rectified. With a Digression of the Ayre.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed [by Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 3，頁號 254:

The World Cœlestial. Containing 11 Sphæres or Heavens, ſay the Theologians and Aſtronomers. [...] Theſe are called the Primum Mobile, the Chriſtaline Heaven, the Firmament adorned with the Fixed Stars, and the Heavens of the Seven Planets.

1715, H[enry] Curson, “A Cosmographical Introduction to the Geographical Description of the World”, 出自 A New Description of the World. […], 2nd版, […] Benj[amin] Barker, […], →OCLC:

Praiſe ye the Lord。Praiſe God in his Sanctuarie: Praiſe him in the firmament of his power.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalm 150:1，列號 1:

Pins tipt with Diamond Point, and head, / By which the Curls are faſtened, / In radiant Firmament ſet out, / And all over the Hood ſur-tout: [...]

1690, [Mary Evelyn], “A Voyage to Marryland; or, The Ladies Dressing-room”, 出自 [John Evelyn] 編, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, →ISBN，頁號 7:

Firmament. Diamonds, or other precious Stones heading the Pins which they stick into the Tour, and Hair, like Stars.

（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）]

[1690, [Mary Evelyn], “The Fop-dictionary. […]”, 出自 [John Evelyn] 編, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, →ISBN，頁號 18:

Ten years ago, the Wall Street wirehouse brokerage firm seemed unassailable – part of the very firmament underpinning the entire investment industry from coast to coast.

2012 January 25, Josh Brown, “Perhaps I’ve Been a Bit too Harsh …”, 出自 Wealth Manager Blog, The Wall Street Journal，於2013-12-08歸檔自原頁面:


pokój

繼承自古波蘭語 pokój，來自原始斯拉夫語 *pokojь。

pokoik (diminutive)
pokojowy
p. (abbreviation)
pok. (abbreviation)


French

繼承自中古英語 Frenche、Frensch、Frensc、Frenshe、Frenk、Franche，來自古英語 Frenċisċ (“法語”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Frankisk (“法蘭克”)，等同於Frank + -ish (對照Frankish)。與西佛蘭德語 Fransch (“法語”)、荷蘭語 Frans (“法語”)、中古低地德語 vranksch、frenkisch、vrenkesch、vrenksch (“法語”)、中古高地德語 frenkisch、frensch （“法蘭克的，法蘭西的”；> 德語 fränkisch (“法蘭克尼亞”)）、丹麥語 fransk (“法語”)、瑞典語 fransk、fransysk (“法語”)、冰島語 franska (“法語”)同源。
用作粗俗語言的義項，其通常指早期19世紀上層階級實際使用的法語表達 (但通常輕微無禮)，後來被下層階級用作罵人的話，因為他們認為聽者不會熟悉這些用語。
用來指苦艾酒的義項，是French vermouth的簡稱。

She speaks French.

Ne mowe we alle Latin wite...
Ne French...

c. 1390, Robert Grosseteste, translating Chateau d'Amour as The Castle of Love, ll. 25 ff.:

I... wolde also be bolde in such french as is peculiare to the lawys of this realme, to leue it wyth them in wrytynge to.

1533, Thomas More, The Debellacyon of Salem & Bizance, fol. 96:

I could speak but little French.

1720, Daniel Defoe, Memoirs of a Cavalier，頁號 13:

Thus, complementary to the French of France, the Quebecois (and in a lesser degree the Frenches of Africa, Swiss French, etc.) would constitute languages in their own right.

1991, Michael Clyne, Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN，頁號 169:

Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French.

1997, Albert Valdman, French and Creole in Louisiana，頁號 29:

Although he would spend the rest of his life in France, Picasso never mastered the language, and during those early years he was especially self-conscious about how bad his French was.

2004, Jack Flam, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship，頁號 18:

The Frenches of England remain as working languages in the different registers of various occupational communities and for particular social rituals. Beyond the fifteenth century, French is a much less substantial presence in England, though[…]

2013, Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Language and Culture in Medieval Britain: The French of England, C.1100-c.1500, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN，頁號 361:

My French is a little rusty.

[Racine's] language is the language of the times, and that of the purest sort; so that his French is reckoned a standard.

1742 April 4, R. West, letter to Thomas Gray:

作為學科的法國語言、文學

I'm taking French next semester.

Pardon my French.

The enraged headsman spares no 'bad French' in explaining his motives.

1845, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, Adventure in New Zealand, 卷 I，頁號 327:

Cameron: Pardon my French, but you're an asshole!

1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off':

The book... is a welcome change from theory-infected academic discourse, pardon my French.

2005 May 29, New York Times Book Review，頁號 12:

Dawn French.


French

複數形式Frenches的使用在早期現代英語出現過，在當代英語很少出現。和其他集體區域居民稱謂詞一樣，French在指代法國人時，會在前面加上定冠詞或定語。

主要用於集合名詞和以複數形式

The Hundred Years' War was fought between the English and the French.

百年戰爭是英國人和法國人之間的戰爭。

Under the Fourth Republic, more and more French unionized.

在第四共和國時期，越來越多的法國人加入了工會。

[…]to breake the necke of the wicked purposes & plots of the French[…]

1579, Francesco Guicciardini as, 譯者 Geoffrey Fenton, The Historie of Guicciardin，頁號 378:

Such is the nature and complexion of the frenches, that they are worth nothing, but at the first push.

1653, François Rabelais, 譯者 Thomas Urquhart, Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, 卷 I，頁號 214:

On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice.

2002, Jeremy Thornton, The French and Indian War，頁號 14:


nostalgia

源自新拉丁語 nostalgia，造自古希臘語 νόστος (nóstos, “回家”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “痛苦”)。古希臘語 *νοσταλγία (*nostalgía)一词并不可考。对比意大利語 nostalgia、西班牙語 nostalgia、葡萄牙語 nostalgia、saudade和法語 nostalgie。

I can't have been the only person, last week, to feel a rush of nostalgia upon learning that Thames Water had removed a bus-sized, 15-tonne lump of food fat ("mixed with wet wipes") from the sewers under London. The fatberg was an August news story redolent of the old-fashioned silly season.

2013 August 16, Oliver Burkeman, “This is the cutest article”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 10，頁號 20:


analysis

comparative analysis ― （請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


imagine

< 古法語 imaginer < 拉丁語 imāginor < imāginem ,imāgō (“圖像，畫像”)的賓格單數形式。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


abortion

借自拉丁語 abortiōnem，源自aborior。等價於abort + -ion。此詞取代了中古英語 abort (“abortion”)，前者和後者同樣源自同一個拉丁語詞彙。


appendicitis

appendicitises (plural)
appendicitides (plural)
appendicites (plural)


yolk

来自中古英語 yolke，yelke，ȝolke，ȝelke，来自古英語 ġeolca，ġeoloca，ġioleca (“黃色部分，蛋黃”)，来自ġeolu (“黃色”)。

To make meringue, you have to separate the white from the yolk.

要做蛋白酥皮，你必須把蛋白和蛋黃分開。


abstinence

繼承自中古英語 abstinence，派生自古法語 abstinence，派生自拉丁語 abstinentia，源自abstinēns，abstineō (“我保留”) 的現在分詞。等價於 abstain + -ence。


competition

/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/

/ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/

正體: 競爭[電子計算機,体育竞技]


association

/əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

/əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/

/əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

［通訊工程］協會，結合，組合

［電子計算機］協會；結合


commitment

正體: 承諾[電子計算機]


combustion

正體： 燃燒［電子計算機］


collocation

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 collocātiō。字面分析等同於 col- + location。

/ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃən/

正體: 連語[電子計算機]


consideration

/kənˌsɪdəˈɹeɪʃən/


ATM

ass to mouth (“從肛門拔出後直接入口”)之首字母縮略詞。

Too often California is relegated to serving as the nation’s political ATM.


contempt

鄙夷, 轻蔑, 藐视, 受辱, 丢脸


pig

源自中古英語 pigge (“小猪”)（原指小猪，年长猪是swyn），多半源自古英語 *picga（仅可考于picgbrēad (“猪饲料”)等复合词中），源自原始西日耳曼語 *piggō、*puggō (“小猪”)。对比中古荷蘭語 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (“猪崽”)、中古低地德語 pugge、pûke (“猪崽”)。本词使用于体重快速增加的动物幼崽，所以其可能是源自动词“to big”，源自中古英語 biggen、byggen，源自古諾爾斯語 byggja、byggva (“建造”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *būwijaną (“建造”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (“成为，成长为”)。Pokorny认为词根与*bū-、*bew- (“肿，胀”)有关，以解释“pig”和“big”之间的互换关系。
有时有人指出其与早期现代荷蘭語 bigge（现代big (“猪崽”)）、西弗里斯蘭語 bigge (“猪崽”)和中古低地德語的相似词有关，但是“发音难以解释”。一些文献指出这些词“多半无关”，其他人认为这一联系“有可能，但无法确定”。
指“警察”的俚语义至晚自1785年起可考。

The man kept a pen with two pigs that he fed everything from carrots to cabbage.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

猪崽 (与hog (“成年猪”))

Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.

2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission ISBN 1457819899, page I-9:

Some religions prohibit their adherents from eating pig.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

"Miss Chastene, could you fetch me out an extra plate of pig and biscuit. My partner can't do without your marvelous cooking."

2005, Ross Eddy Osborn, Thorns of a Tainted Rose, →ISBN，頁號 196:

淡粉色 （家猪皮的颜色）

pig：

So far on the streets there's been a lot of metallic pink (the kind of pink as in the shade of pig you get, and this is exactly the shade of the diary I've been writing in) […]

猪 （吃东西又快又大声的人）

You gluttonous pig! Now that you've eaten all the cupcakes, there will be none for the party!

你这头猪怎么吃那么多！你把所有纸杯蛋糕都吃完了，聚会的时候没得吃了！

She considered him a pig as he invariably stared at her bosom when they talked.

她觉得他是一个好色之徒，因为他和她说话时总是盯着她的胸部。

He was a pig and his apartment a pigpen; take-away containers and pizza boxes in a long, moldy stream lined his counter tops.

他非常邋遢，公寓里像个猪圈，里面外卖的盒子和披萨盒散在长长的长满霉的台面上。

条子，警察 （源自1785年前）

The protester shouted, “Don't give in to the pigs!” as he was arrested.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

There will be no pictures of pigs shooting down brothers on the instant replay

1971, Gil Scott-Heron （作曲作詞）, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”:

“...Sounds too easy,” Marvin was saying. “What about the pigs?”

1989, Dan Simmons, Carrion Comfort, page 359,

The bank robberies went on and each raid became more bloody, Meinhof encouraging her followers to “kill the pigs” offering the slightest resistance, referring to policemen.

1990, Jay Robert Nash, Encyclopedia of World Crime: Volume 1: A-C, page 198,

Backing 300 of the more aggressive protesters was a supporting cast of several thousand more who stared down the small line of police. Those in front resumed their taunts of “Pig, pig, fascist pig,” and “pigs eat shit, pigs eat shit.” The rest of the crowd, however, backed off and sat down on the grass when reinforcements arrived. Police did not retaliate for the name-calling, and within minutes the line of demonstrators broke apart and the incident was over without violence.¹¹³

2008, Frank Kusch, Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, page 63,

But me, I joined the party to fight the pigs. That′s why I joined. Because my experience with the police was always negative.

2011, T. J. English, The Savage City: Race, Murder and a Generation on the Edge, unnumbered page,

Got a mind for the undies

Hrm... this one's a real pig: I've been banging my head against the wall over it for hours!

嗯...这个问题真的有点严重了：我把头靠在墙上冥思苦想了好久！

The conveyor carried the pigs from the smelter to the freight cars.

传送带将铸块从锻造炉送至车皮。

After the ill-advised trade, the investor was stuck with worthless options for 10,000 tons of iron pig.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

The pig was cracked, and molten metal was oozing from the side.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

容纳放射性废料的铅制容器

Taylor also bought a pig—a radiation-shielding container made of thick lead—to stash the most radioactive materials in.

2015, Tom Clynes, The Boy Who Played with Fusion (page 36)

Forceps and a lead container (called a pig) that are routinely placed in the room are used to retrieve and contain the source.

2015, Adrianne Dill Linton, Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing (page 394)

Unfortunately, the pig sent to clear the obstruction got lodged in a tight bend, adding to the problem.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Unfortunately, the M60 is about twenty-four pounds and is very unbalanced. You try carrying the pig around the jungle and see how you feel.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


consent

正體: 插座[電子計算機]


appraisal

She hated that silent appraisal, watching someone compare her to a version that she might have been.

2020, Brit Bennett, The Vanishing Half, Dialogue Books，頁號 47:


centigrade

a temperature of 34 centigrades

角度單位，相對於四分儀的百分之一。符號為 gon。


accent

繼承自中古英語 accent，派生自中古法語 accent，派生自古法語 acent，派生自拉丁語 accentus，accinō (“對…唱歌；一起唱歌”)的過去分詞。accent在古英語時代就已借入，逐漸消失之後在中古英語時期又重新借入。


detection

派生自拉丁語 dētēctiō。

[简体]:检测，检波[电子电机工程]

[正體]:檢波[電子電機工程]

正體: 檢波[電機工程]

正體: 檢測，偵測，檢波[通訊工程]

正體: 檢測[電子計算機]


colic

借自法語 colique。最終源自古希臘語 κωλικός (kōlikós, “結腸受苦”, adj).

腹部劇烈疼痛或引起此類疼痛的疾病（由於腸道或腸道相關問題）。

嚴重煩躁和哭泣，尤其是患有某些疾病的嬰兒。

用於緩解此類症狀的藥用植物。


carrot

源自中古法語 carotte ← 拉丁語 carōta ← 古希臘語 καρῶτον (karôton)。同carotte。代替本土詞more ← 古英語 moru。
* “激勵的工具”是指carrot and stick (“胡蘿蔔加大棒”)。
* 動詞一義源自烘乾後皮毛呈橙色。

carrot：


deduction

源自中古法語 déduction，源自拉丁語 deductio。
相當於 deduct + -ion 或 deduce + -tion。


yoghurt

借自鄂圖曼土耳其語 یوغورت（現代土耳其語 yoğurt）。

yogurt的另一種拼寫法


decay

civic and moral decay ― （請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

systemic decay ― （請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

I fancied at first the stuff was paraffin wax, and smashed the jar accordingly. But the odor of camphor was unmistakable. It struck me as singularly odd, that among the universal decay, this volatile substance had chanced to survive, perhaps through many thousand years.

1895, H. G. Wells, 章號 X, 出自 The Time Machine:


ammonia

來自拉丁語 sal ammoniacus (“阿蒙的鹽，氯化銨”)，因為它在埃及的（朱庇特）阿蒙神廟附近被發現而得名。Ammon衍生自古希臘語 Ἄμμων (Ámmōn)，來自埃及語 jmn (i-mn:n-A4)。

Never use ammonia to clean metal writing pens.

千萬不要用氨水來清洗金屬筆。

Slowly we rode down to the camp - a very sorrowful party. We took "Nep" straight to the surgery, where the doctor instantly applied injections of ammonia, then the new remedy for snake bite.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，頁號 95:


caries

借自拉丁語 caries。


complacence

源自late 中古英語 complacence，源自中世紀拉丁語 complacentia，源自拉丁語 complaceō (“高兴，满足”)。

O thou, my sole complacence.

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

He told his sister, if she pleased, the new-born infant should be bred up together with little Tommy; to which she consented, though with some little reluctance: for she had truly a great complacence for her brother […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC:


hostility

敵意，敵視；敵對狀態，敵對行為


interference

[简体]:干扰[电子电机工程]

[正體]:干擾[電子電機工程]

正體: 干擾；干涉[電機工程]

正體: 干擾[通訊工程]

正體: 干擾[電子計算機]


investment

投资，投资额；覆盖;包围；授职(仪式)


interaction

/ˌɪntəɹˈækʃən/

正體: （相）互作用[電機工程]

简体: 交互作用[测绘学]

正體: 交互作用[測量學]

简体: 相互作用[大气]

正體: 交互作用[氣象]

简体: 交互[作用][信息科技]

正體: 交互作用[計算機]

正體: 互動；交互作用[自由軟體]

简体: 交互[自由软体]

正體: 交互作用[電子計算機]


zero

源自法語 zéro，源自意大利語 zero，源自中世紀拉丁語 zephirum，源自 阿拉伯語 صِفْر (ṣifr, “什么都没有, 暗号”)。

One thousand has three zeroes.

The temperature outside is ten degrees below zero.

He knows zero about coronavirus.


fraternity

原始印歐語詞
 *bʰréh₂tēr
繼承自中古英語 fraternite，來自古法語 fraternité，來自拉丁語 frāternitās。


identity

源自中古法語 identité ,源自 拉丁語 idem (“相同的”)。對比identical和idem。


narration

/ˌnəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

[ˌnəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩]

/ˌnɛɚˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

[ˌnɛɚˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩]


merit

正體: 優點；指標；考績[電子計算機]


oppression

壓迫，壓制；壓制物;沉悶；壓抑


emphysema

多个词源。部分源自后古典拉丁語 emphȳsēma (“肿胀”)，源自古希臘語 ἐμφῡ́σημα (emphū́sēma)，源自ἐμφῡσάω (emphūsáō, “胀起来”)。还借自中古法語 emphysema，源自源自同一个拉丁语词，派生出法語 emphysème。16世纪末叶起可考。

emphysemas (plural)
emphysemata (plural)


hypnosis

派生自hypn(otic) + -osis (“状态”，“条件”, 名词化后缀)。


observation

/ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃən/

正體: 觀察[電子計算機]


ginger

来自中古英語 gingere，gingivere 的变体，来自古英語 gingifer、gingiber（受古法語 gingembre 的影響），來自中世紀拉丁語 gingiber、zingiber，源自拉丁語 zingiberi，源自晚期古希臘語 ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis)，源自首羅犀那語 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera)，源自梵語 शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera)（受 शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “角”) 的影響），源自原始達羅毗荼語 *cinki-wēr，最终源自原始漢藏語 *kjaŋ (“薑”)。

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

薑（Zingiber officinale），一种亚洲热带草本植物的辛辣芳香根茎，用作香料和化肉剂

ginger：


proclamation

/ˌpɹɑkləˈmeɪʃən/

/ˌpɹɒkləˈmeɪʃən/

宣布,公布,声明,公告;宣告


metabolism

源自古希臘語 μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “改变”) + -ism，源自μεταβάλλω (metabállō, “改变，更改”) + -η (-ē, “动作名词后缀”)。

代谢，维持某种动态系统的过程

The results of this generalized speedup of the corporate metabolism are multiple: shorter product life cycles, more leasing and renting, more frequent buying and selling, more ephemeral consumption patterns, […]

1980, Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (page 230)


participation

源自中古英語 participacioun，源自中古法語 [具體何詞?]，源自古法語 participacion，源自晚期拉丁語 participatiō。字面分析等同於 participate + -ion。

/pɑɹˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

/pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/


longevity

借自拉丁語 longaevitās，來自longaevus (“古舊的，老年的”) + -itās。

[lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi]

Grandpa had incredible longevity: he lived to be 105 years old!

爺爺很長壽：他活到105歲！

This 142-year-old tiny ex-LNWR SB [signal box, at Batley] is an amazing survivor, probably owing its longevity to its location alongside a level crossing. Indeed it started life as a gate box with the delightful name of Lady Ann's Crossing.

2020 July 1, David Allen, “Signalling from Leeds along the S&C”, 出自 Rail，頁號 74:

A ‘postdating’ is an example of the use of a lexical item at a later date than currently recorded and these are important in establishing the longevity of use of a term and whether or not it has become obsolete.

2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, 出自 World Englishes, 卷 37，頁號 255:


insomnia

源自拉丁語 in- (“没有，无”) + somnus (“睡眠”, 名词) + -ia。

My mother suffers from insomnia.


pharmacy

來自中古英語 pharmacy，源自中古法語 pharmacie，來自古法語 farmacie，來自中世紀拉丁語 pharmacia，來自古希臘語 φαρμακεία (pharmakeía, “藥物使用”)，來自φάρμακον (phármakon, “痲痹，護符, 魅力”)，不確定但原型似乎是前希臘語。
自十四世紀晚期被證實。


medication

來自中古法語 médication，來自拉丁語 medicatio，來自medicari (“治療，治愈”)，來自medicus (“醫生”)，來自mederi (“治療”)。

Have you been taking your medication(s)?

Are you going to be be like this all day? It’s like I’ve not took^([sic，意為taken]) my medication.

2019 March 19, The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off, 季数 2, 集数 3, Michael Pennington（演員）, 經由 Channel 4:

Such behavior, if it doesn't abate, will necessitate medication and supervision.

上述行為如果沒有减轻，将需要進行药物治疗和监督。


collapse

She suffered a terrible collapse after slipping on the wet floor.

她在湿地板上滑倒后昏迷不醒。

The top six are assured of continental competition and after making a statement of intent against Stoke, it would take a dramatic collapse for Newcastle to surrender their place.

2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, 出自 BBC Sport:

However the collapse in demand for rail and air travel caused by the pandemic has had a knock-on effect for the project's funding.

2021 May 5, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Heathrow Western Rail Access scheme 'on hold'”, 出自 RAIL, 期 930，頁號 26:


recommendation

/ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

/ˌɹɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən/

正體: 推薦；建議；推薦標準[自由軟體]

简体: 推荐[自由软体]

正體: 推薦；建議[電子計算機]


innovation

借自中古法語 innovation，來自古法語 innovacion，來自晚期拉丁語 innovatio, innovationem，來自拉丁語 innovo, innovatus。
詞法分析為innovate + -ion。

/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 2，頁號 10:

Innovation is more than a new method. It is a new view of the universe, as one of risk rather than of chance or of certainty. It is a new view of man's role in the universe; he creates order by taking risks. And this means that innovation, rather than being an assertion of human power, is an acceptance of human responsibility.

1954, Peter Drucker, The Landmarks of Tomorrow:


leukemia

源自德語 Leukämie，源自古希臘語 λευκός (leukós, “白色的”) + αἷμα (haîma, “血”)。等同於leuk- + -emia。

leucæmia, leuchaemia, leuchemia, leukæmia, leuchæmia, leukhæmia〈古〉

In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

2012 January 30, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, 出自 American Scientist, 卷 100, 期 1，頁號 87:

發生於血液形成組織的癌症種類

The subjects suffered from lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias.

試驗者患有成淋巴細胞及骨髓性白血病。


consensus

源自拉丁語 cōnsēnsus (“同意，一致”)，來自cōnsentiō (“共感；同意”)；參見consent。

After years of debate over the best wine to serve at Thanksgiving, no real consensus has emerged.

多年以来，人们持续谈及、争论“哪款葡萄酒是感恩节期间最佳之品”之一问题，但依然没有形成真正的共识。

a financial consensus forecast


petroleum

源自中世紀拉丁語 petroleum，源自petra (“石头”) + oleum (“油”)。

petroleum-based products

Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin，頁號 7:


hiatus

借自拉丁語 hiātus (“缺口，开口”)（16世纪中叶），源自hiō (“开着，打哈欠”)。

The band decided to go on hiatus, citing creative differences.

乐队决定暂停活动，据称是因为创作上的分歧。

Berserk's hiatus is never going to end now...

《烙印勇士》的漫画看来永远不会恢复连载了...

Hiatus aorticus is an opening in the diaphragm through which aorta and thoracic duct pass.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Words like reality and naïve contain vowels in hiatus.

“reality”和“naïve”等单词中存在元音间隙。


ecstasy

源自古法語 estaise (“狂喜”)，源自拉丁語 ecstasis，源自古希臘語 ἔκστασις (ékstasis)，源自ἐξίστημι (exístēmi, “取代”)，源自ἐκ (ek, “出，外”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “站”)。

ecstacy, exstacy, exstasy, extacy, extasy

They were thrown into ecstasies of suspicion by finding that we possessed a French translation of Hitler's Mein Kampf.

1938 四月, George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair], 章號 XIV, 出自 Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:

The instant I drew out my case of instruments, the lady roused herself from her ecstasy, and has never had a similar attack.

1822 April, John Ware, “Dr. Reid's Essays on Hypochondriasis”, 出自 The New-England Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 卷 11, 號 2，頁號 185:

Ecstasy bears a strong resemblance to catalepsy: in both cases the patients, during the paroxysm, lose all connexion with the physical world, being deprived of sense and voluntary motion; but in ecstasy, associations of the most pleasing and enchanting nature are established with an ideal existence in an unknown region, which might perhaps be poetically designated the fairy land of an undescried Elysium.

1835 May 2, Andrew Ellis, “Clinical Lecture on a case of Catalepsy, Occurring in the Jervis-Street Hospital, Dublin”, 出自 The Lancet, 卷 2，頁號 130:

In ecstasy the mind is absorbed with some fixed idea, generally of a religious character, and the patient becomes oblivious of surrounding events and objects.

1885, James Ross, Handbook of the Diseases of the Nervous System，頁號 344:


obstacle

任何事物妨礙、耽誤或影響進程的。


melon

来自中古英語 meloun，melon，来自古法語 melon，来自晚期拉丁語 melonem，来自拉丁語 melopeponem (“一种南瓜”)，来自古希臘語 μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn)，来自μῆλον (mêlon, “苹果”) + πέπων (pépōn, “成熟的”)。


strategy

借自古希臘語 στρατηγία (stratēgía)。

Oftentimes, the very simple strategies pay very great dividends.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

简体: 策略[信息科技]

正體: 策略[電子計算機]


spinach

來自中古英語 spinach，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 spinache，來自古法語 espinoche，來自古奧克語 espinarc，來自阿拉伯語 إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ)，來自波斯語 اسپناخ (espanâx)。


garlic

早期寫法garlick、garlicke，來自中古英語 garlek、garlik，來自古英語 gārlēac (“大蒜”, 字面意思是“矛-韭蔥”)，來自gār (“矛”, 指蒜瓣) + lēac (“韭蔥”)。與低地蘇格蘭語 garlic (“大蒜”)同源。

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013 March 30, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, 出自 American Scientist, 卷 101, 期 2，頁號 134:


ejaculate

借自拉丁語 ēiaculātus，ēiaculor (“投掷，射出”)的完成时被动过去分词，源自ē (“出”) + iaculor (“扔，抛”)，源自iaculum (“投射物”)，源自iaciō (“丢出，掷出”)。

射出的液体；（尤指）精液，阴道分泌物

If semen from two ejaculates obtained from one bull is mixed, and the conception rate for the mixed sample is compared with that obtained by the use of the two ejaculates independently, any tendency for the mixed sample's conception rate to be closer to that of either of the two individual ejaculates could be used as a sensitive measure of the relationship between the semen characteristics of the two ejaculates and conception rate.

1971 August, K. L. Macmillan with J. D. Watson, “The Effect on Conception Rate of Mixing Semen from First and Second Ejaculates”, 出自 New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 卷 14, 期 3, Wellington: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research，頁號 703:

The ejaculate usually spurts out as the prostate gland and surrounding muscles, as well as those at the base of the penis, contract at orgasm. In young males, the force of the spurt can be strong enough for the ejaculate to hit the upper chest; in older males, it may roll out or go an inch or two up the abdomen.

1994, Vern L. Bullough with Bonnie Bullough, Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia [Garland Reference Library of Social Science; 685], New York, N.Y., London: Garland Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 181:

Female ejaculate is a clear liquid. Its consistency is akin to that of very light lubricant, but it is watery rather than slick. […] [B]oth women's and men's ejaculate is prostatic fluid (that is, both are created by the prostate).

2003, Deborah Sundahl, Female Ejaculation and the G-spot, Alameda, Calif.: Hunter House Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 34:

A smaller mammal such as a dog has a sperm concentration of 300 000 000 per millilitre in an ejaculate of 8 ml in volume. Thus, each ejaculate will contain only 2 400 000 000 (24 × 10⁸).

2012, Tim Glover, Mating Males: An Evolutionary Perspective on Mammalian Reproduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁號 79:

Ejaculates are costly to produce for human males. Frequent ejaculation, especially more frequent than every other day, results in decreased sperm counts […], suggesting limits to sperm production. Men hardly seem limited by sperm production, however, given the apparent wastage of sperm. Sperm are continuously lost in the urine, and entire ejaculates are lost during nocturnal emissions and masturbation, although masturbatory ejaculates contain fewer sperm than do copulatory ejaculates […]。

2016, Todd K. Shackelford [et al.], “Human Sperm Competition”, 出自 David M. Buss 編, The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology. Volume 2. Application, 2nd版, 卷 II, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁號 431:


preponderance

preponderancy

（数量上的）优势；大量，很多，众多

preponderancy

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

preponderation

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

大的重量，沉重 本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

（数量上的）优势；大量，很多，众多

[S]trong proofs are at hand to shew, that in the Irish people there is a large admixture, if not an overwhelming praeponderance, of Iberian elements.

1857, R[obert] Harries Jones, “Part the Second”, 出自 The Japhetic Races. A Historical and Ethnological Inquiry into the Consanguinity of Various European Races. […], Göttingen: Printed at the University Press by W. Fr. Kaestner, →OCLC, section II，頁號 36:

Is there a preponderance of female protagonists in commercial fiction, and if so, what does it mean?

1997 August 17, Patricia Holt, “Just add sand; trash fiction for end-of-the summer beach reading”, 出自 San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, Calif.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 1:

Subtle, institutional discrimination was evident in the preponderance of blacks and underprivileged whites fighting the war.

2000 April 17, Paul Van Slambrouck, “California’s brightest star is, well, gray”, 出自 The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

In a few weeks he [William III of England] had changed the relative position of all the states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the preponderance of one power had destroyed.

1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 卷 III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，頁號 49:

But even less disgruntled observers have insisted that pain and unpleasure are more common in dreams than pleasure: for instance, Scholz (1893, 57), Volkelt (1875, 80), and others. Indeed two ladies, Florence Hallam and Sarah Weed (1896, 499), have actually given statistical expression, based on a study of their own dreams, to the preponderance of unpleasure in dreaming.

1953, Sigmund Freud, “Distortion in Dreams”, 出自 James Strachey（譯者）, The Interpretation of Dreams (First Part) (The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud), 卷 IV, London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 出版於 1971, →ISBN，頁號 134:


nylon

随机选择的字母 + -on（为了仿cotton）。广泛流传的缩略自New York和London的说法是错误的。另有一说法称这一用于制作长筒袜的材料的早期名字为“no-run”，后来为了避免暗示长袜是用不能动的材料制作的而变换为现在的形式。

I tore a hole in my nylons while walking home through the woods.

我从树林里走回家时尼龙袜破了个洞。


turbulence

借自拉丁語 turbulentia，或源自 turbulent + -ence。

這個國家目前正經歷政治動盪。

The country is currently experiencing political turbulence.

飛機在飛行過程中經歷了嚴重的氣流湍流。

The airplane experienced severe turbulence during the flight.

足球比賽在球迷中間演變成了暴力和騷亂。

The football match ended in violence and turbulence among the fans.


slander

源自中古英語 slaundre、sclaundre，源自古法語 esclandre，源自教會拉丁語 scandalum (“绊脚物，诱惑”)，源自古希臘語 σκάνδαλον (skándalon, “丑闻”)。scandal的同源對似詞。


quartz

借自德語 Quarz，源自中古高地德語 quarz、twarc，源自某種西斯拉夫語支的語言（比較波蘭語 twardy (“硬的”)、捷克語 tvrdý (“硬的”)），源自原始斯拉夫語 *tvьrdъ。

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

望遠鏡和準直器各有一個物鏡，由直徑1.5英寸的石英單透鏡組成，鈉黃光的焦距為18.5英寸，但測量的最高光線的焦距不超過16英寸。

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, 出自 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 卷 174, Barrison and Sons, part I，頁號 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892 April 30, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, 出自 Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave) 編, The Gentleman's Magazine, 卷 272，頁號 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, 出自 The Lost Son and Other Poems:


sclerosis

From 古希臘語 σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “an induration”), from *σκληροῦν (sklēroûn, “硬化”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”)

Suppressing dissent dooms the society to sclerosis, decline and collapse.

2019 December 6, Charles Hugh Smith, Suppressing Dissent Guarantees Disorder and Collapse:


prejudice

來自中古英語 prejudice，來自古法語 prejudice，來自拉丁語 praeiūdicium (“前例，前判；傷害，損害”)，來自prae- (“之前”) + iūdicium (“審判”)。

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 7, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 卷 (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

I am free of all prejudices. I hate everyone equally.

我不帶任何歧視。我平等地恨每一個人。

[…] the first did in the forepart sit, / That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize: / He had a sharpe foresight, and working wit […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto IX”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

We both of us happen’d to know, as well as the Stationer, that Riddlesden the Attorney, was a very Knave. He had half ruin’d Miss Read’s Father by drawing him in to be bound for him. By his Letter it appear’d, there was a secret Scheme on foot to the Prejudice of Hamilton, (Suppos’d to be then coming over with us,) and that Keith was concern’d in it with Riddlesden. [...]

1793, Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, §20:

for no injury is thereby done to any one, no prejudice to another man's goods

1702, W. Popple (translator), John Locke, A Letter concerning Toleration […]


philosophy

源自中古英語 philosophie、古法語 philosophie以及两者词源拉丁語 philosophia，源自古希臘語 φιλοσοφία (philosophía)，源自φίλος (phílos, “爱...的”) + σοφία (sophía, “智慧”)。可作philo- + -sophy分析。取代英语本土词古英語 ūþwitegung。

Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

哲学常划分为五个主要分支：逻辑、形而上学、认知论、伦理学和美学。

During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

哲學 （某领域基本概念的看法、观念）

a philosophy of government; a philosophy of education

一般规则 （一般指道德）

As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom.

2012, Francesca Valensise, From Building Fabric to City Form: Reconstruction in Calabria at end of Eighteenth Century, Gangemi Editore spa, →ISBN，頁號 8:

更广义的非应用科学分支。


potassium

由英國的化學家漢弗里·戴維在1807年造出，來自potassa + -ium。


union

源自中古英語 unyoun，源自古法語 union，源自晚期拉丁語 ūniō, ūniōnem (“合一，結合”)，源自拉丁語 ūnus (“一”)。


pox

源自中古英語 pocke的复数形式。见pock。


schizophrenia

首次可考于1908年，源自新拉丁語 schizophrenia，源自德語 Schizophrenie，尤金·布鲁勒所造，源自古希臘語 σχίζω (skhízō, “分开，分裂”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “心智”) + 英語 -ia。

[…] one can understand how the cultural disorientation which beset the African Continent has confused Africa's political behaviour, creating a political schizophrenia that made nation-building impossible.

2006, Bertus Praeg, Ethiopia and Political Renaissance in Africa，頁號 213:

Nevertheless, a certain amount of schizophrenia pertains to the study of World Englishes as New Englishes, for while new Englishes are regarded as valid varieties in their own right, the description and delineation of them in linguistic terms is conducted through the gaze of native-speaker norms.

2012, James Lambert, “Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, 出自 World Englishes，頁號 305:


congee

源自晚期中古英語 congie，源自古法語 congié、congiet（现代法語 congé），源自拉丁語 commeātus (“通行许可，批准离开”)，源自commeō (“来和去”)，源自con- + meō (“走，通过”)。比喻义借自法語 congé中的词义演化。

正式免职； 免职；(原意且尤其幽默讽刺地指) 突然离职

So courteous conge both did giue and take,

With right hands plighted, pledges of good will.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto I”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

遣散费，散伙费，打发某人离开的钱； 施舍给乞丐的钱

屈膝礼，鞠躬等礼貌动作 （原指在离开时做的动作，但后来也指问候、表示服从或尊敬时做的）

“My daughter Rebecca, so please your Grace,” answered Isaac, with a low congee, nothing embarrassed by the Prince’s salutation, in which, however, there was at least as much mockery as courtesy.

1820, 沃尔特·司各特, 艾凡赫, 卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

His speech thus spake the Moor, and took his leave,

1880, Richard Francis Burton, Os Lusíadas, 卷 I，頁號 23:


yeast

引起騷動（或激動）的因素


vaccine

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 vaccīnus (“屬於或衍生自牛的”) + -ine。最初用于防制牛痘。


zinc

来自德語 Zink，与Zinke有关，来自中古高地德語 zinke，来自古高地德語 zinko，与zint有关，来自原始日耳曼語 *tindaz，来自原始印歐語 *(e)dont-。与古英語 tind、中古低地德語 tinde、冰島語 tindur (“尖刺，耙齒，尖峰，尖顶，城垛”)同源。另见荷蘭語 tinne (“城垛”)、德語 Zinne (“尖顶，城垛”)、丹麥語 tinde (“尖顶，城垛”)、瑞典語 tinne (“耙齒”)，更多词语可见tine。zincum的同源對似詞。

锌（化學元素，原子序為30，化學符號為Zn）


peel

源自中古英語 pelen，源自古英語 pilian、古法語 peler、pellier，源自拉丁語 pilō, pilāre (“剝皮，去除……的毛髮”)，源自pilus (“頭髮，毛髮”)。pill的同源對似詞。

一種去除死皮的化妝工具。

一種鏟形工具，用來從烤箱中取出麵包或披薩。


patrol

源自法語 patrouille，源自古法語 patrouille、patouille (“守夜”, 字面意思是“四处走”)，源自patrouiller、patouiller、patoiller (“蹚水；弄脏”)，源自patte、pate (“蹄”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *patta (“爪，脚”)，源自古法蘭克語 *patta (“爪子，脚底”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *paþjaną、*paþōną (“走，踏”)，可能源自原始印歐語 *(s)pent-、*(s)pat- (“径；走”)，原始印歐語 *pent-、*pat- (“径；走”)的变体。见find。同源词包括荷蘭語 pad、patte (“爪”)、低地德語 pedden (“走，踏”)、德語 patschen (“泼溅，蹚水；摇晃着走”)、德語 Patsche (“拍子；爪；水洼”)。与pad、path有关。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-patrol.wav

Four members of the squadron were on patrol.

The watch consisted of twelve convicts—men selected for their good behaviour. Immediately after tattoo had beat they began their patrol. 'No complaint was ever made of them,' remarks Phillip, and they were expressly cautioned to avoid disputes with soldiers or seamen ( many of whom were as great thieves as the convicts themselves).

1899, Louis Becke and Walter Jeffery, Admiral Phillip Chapter 7

After cordial good-bye to our hospitable hostess we motored back to Chaumont where we dined with Colonel Mitchell; and then with another long drive we finally reached home tired but happy at 3.30 in the morning. There staring me in the face was an order directing me to lead my patrol over the lines in the morning at five o'clock, sharp! An hour and a half sleep for an utterly worn out aviator!

1919, Eddie Rickenbacker, “Chapter 7”, 出自 Fighting the Flying Circus:

a customs patrol

a fire patrol

In France there is an army of patrols […] to secure her fiscal regulations.

1787-1788, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers

Philadelphia’s foot-patrol strategy was developed after a study in 2009 by criminologists from Temple University, which is in the 22nd district. A randomised trial overturned the conventional view that foot patrols make locals like the police more and fear crime less, but do not actually reduce crime. In targeted areas, violent crime decreased by 23%.

2013 August 24, “Boots on the street”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8850:

小队 （童子军中队的一个单位，一般由6到8人组成）

On a makeshift bed in the corner was an old woman looking very sick. Then a patrol of "Missioner" Scouts appeared on the scene: one seized a broom and swept out the room; the next made up the fire with some fuel he had procured and made her a cup of tea; another mended the rickety table, bed and chair, making them at any rate serviceable, while a fourth straightened out the bedclothes, propped the old lady up, and did his best to cheer her until the tea was ready.

1913, anonymous author, Boy Scouts and What They Do/Object of Scouting:

The formation of the boys into Patrols of from six to eight and training them as separate units each under its own responsible leader is the key to a good Troop.

1920, Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell, Aids To Scoutmastership，頁號 24:


tuberculosis

結核，肺結核（自1839年）

With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

随着天花的消失，肺结核成为当今地球上最致命的传染病。

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020)，頁號 380:


uremia

源自古希臘語 οὖρον (oûron, “尿”) + αἷμα (haîma, “血”)。


historia

historyjka (diminutive)
historyczny
hist. (abbreviation)

opowieść

故事（真實或虛構事件的描述）

歷史系（大學的教學行政部門）

故事（真實或虛構事件的描述）

歷史，故事（特殊而令人興奮的事件）

，歷程（特別是瀏覽器中訪問的網頁的用戶事件記錄）


abiogenesis

/ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/


absorption

首见于1597年。来自拉丁語 absorptiō (“吸入”)，来自absorbeō (“吸收”)。

专心致志，全神贯注，着迷


ablation

繼承自晚期中古英語 ablacioun (“移除”)，借自晚期拉丁語 ablātiō (“帶走”)，源自auferō (“帶走，撤回，除去”) + -tiō (名詞後綴)；等價於ablate + -ion。ablatio的同源對似詞。對照法語 ablation。


acidification

/əˌsɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


aberration

源自拉丁語 aberrātiō，首見於1594年，源自aberrō，源自ab (“遠離”) + errō (“漫遊、徘徊”)。對兆法語 aberration。等價於aberrate + -ion。

/ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

[简体]:象差[电子电机工程]

[正體]:象差[電子電機工程]

正體: 像差；光行差[電機工程]

正體: 像差；脫離常軌[電子計算機]


dip

源自中古英語 dippen，源自古英語 dyppan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *duppjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *dupjaną，见*daupijaną。与deep有关。

There is a dip in the road ahead.

They were all doomed to be disappointed, however, for the errant engine decided at Stanley junction to spend the remainder of its crowded hour of freedom on the Aberdeen line, and finally came to rest, short of breath, in the dip between Ballathie and Cargill, near the bridge over the Tay.

1941 October, “Notes and News: A Highland Runaway”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 469:

After a signal check at Darley Dale, on the third run, the Pacific mounted the long 1 in 100 at a steady 53-54 m.p.h. and attained a brief 60 m.p.h. in the short dip before Monsal Dale.

1960 March, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，頁號s 177–178:

（消杀家畜寄生虫用的）药浴坑

I’m going for a dip before breakfast.

The Moocher was a "dip" in a dilettante sort of way, and his particular graft was boarding street-cars with his papers and grabbing women's pocket-books.

1906, Fred L. Boalt, "The Snitcher", McClure's Magazine v.26, p.633

To steal a housewife's purse might mean that her children would have to go hungry; but what of that, if the flash young “dip” could gain admiration from his mates by boasting that he had “frisked a judy's cly and lifted a skinful of bunce”?

1959, Frank Clune, Murders on Maunga-tapu，頁號 10:

This onion dip is just scrumptious.

跟舞者身体重心倾斜由领舞者支撑的动作

Packed a lip full of beluga caviar after mistaking a tin for a can of dip and then spat the juice into an urn that I thought was a sombre spittoon.

2018 October 13, Alex Watt, “Everything I've Done That Made a Rich Old Lady with Opera Glasses Faint or a Monocle Fall Out of a Rich Guy's Eye”, 出自 The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-12-18歸檔自原頁面:

I'd missed them by a couple of hours. This dip did not bode well for the Hudwit.

2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin，頁號 124:

My Dad, God bless him, rarely cooked anything, but if he ever did he would make himself an egg banjo! Fried bread? Or ‘dip’?

2020 May 29, Bocca della Verita (@BocaVerite), Twitter:

buy the dips


albedo

借自拉丁語 albēdō。

leucosis

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

同類詞： nigredo、citrinitas、rubedo

正體: 反照率[電機工程]


apatite

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-apatite.wav


anisotropy

Velvet exhibits anisotropy when rotated about its geometric normal.

围绕其几何法线旋转时，天鹅绒表现出各向异性。


astatine

來自古希臘語 ἄστατος (ástatos, “不穩定”) + -ine。

Astatine, for instance, is practically unstudied. It has a name and a place on the periodic table (next to Marie Curie's polonium), but almost nothing else.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, p. 221:


pyramid

正體: 角錐；稜錐[電機工程]

正體: 錐形；角錐體[電子計算機]


bitumen

借自拉丁語 bitūmen。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav


antagonism

源自古希臘語 ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs, “对手”)，源自ἀνταγωνίζεσθαι (antagōnízesthai, “使...对立”)，源自ἀγών (agṓn, “对抗”)（英語 agon）。

/ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

Their longstanding antagonism is manifested in frequent scuffles and shouting matches.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）