flabbergast

不详，可能是一方言词（萨福克郡），源自flabby或flap (“打击”) + aghast。该词可能与苏格兰英語 flabrigast (“夸口”)或flabrigastit (“筋疲力竭”)有关。
名词派生自动词。

When I saw my house on fire, the flabbergast overcame me and I just stood and stared, too shocked to comprehend what I was seeing.

我看到我房子着火的时候，惊讶得呆呆地站在那看着，吃惊得无法理解我看到的景象。

His flabbergast was so great he couldn’t even come up with a plausible answer.

他惊讶得没法组织出合理的回答。

Her foibles were flattery, fine feeling, and flabergast; and if not old enough to be his mother, sufficiently so to be a young aunt.

1852 October, “Adventures of Tom Honeycomb—No. I”, 出自 Yankee Notions, 卷 2, 期 10, New York, N.Y.: Published by T. W. Strong, […], →OCLC，頁號 297:

Then quit your flabbergast, and talk in plain English.

1868 February 22, Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], “Freaks of Fortune; or, Half Round the World”, 出自 Oliver Optic 編, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, 卷 III, 期 60, Boston, Mass.: Published by Lee and Shepard, […], →OCLC, chapter XVI (Pistols for Two)，頁號 117，列號 2:

Bob's big-eyed flabbergast struck him as comic and he laughed and said, "Lying sack, hey?"

1998, James Carlos Blake, Red Grass River: A Legend, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN; 1st Perennial版, New York, N.Y.: Harper Perennial, 2000, →ISBN，頁號 52:


guff

“… That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh.[…]If she had her way, she’d ruin the company inside a year with her hare-brained schemes ; love of the people, and that sort of guff.”

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 4, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


feed

繼承自中古英語 fede、fed，源自詞源1。

同類詞： fodder

They sell feed, riding helmets, and everything else for horses.

他们出售饲料、马用头盔和其他马用物品。

a satellite feed

同類詞： feeder、feedbin、hopper

the paper feed of a printer

同類詞： speed、speeds and feeds

One proposed going to Hungerford-market to do a feed on decayed shrimps or other offal laying about the market; another proposed going to Covent-garden to do a 'tightener' of rotten oranges, to which I was humorously invited; […]

184?, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor

"There won't be any more blessed concerts for a million years or so; there won't be any Royal Academy of Arts, and no nice little feeds at restaurants."

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann，頁號 257:

They held a crab feed on the beach.

他们在海滩上举行了螃蟹盛宴。

I've subscribed to the feeds of my favourite blogs, so I can find out when new posts are added without having to visit those sites.

我已经订阅了我最喜欢的博客的提要，这样我就可以知道何时添加了新帖子，而无需访问这些网站。

Refresh the top of your various “feeds” — the running column of content on some versions of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram — and you will see the latest news at the top. The further back you scroll, the older the material gets.

2016 March 15, Mike Isaac, “Instagram May Change Your Feed, Personalizing It With an Algorithm”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

Despite spending years studying these toxic dynamics and the better part of a month watching them up close in strangers’ feeds, I was still, like so many, surprised to see it all reflected at the ballot box. We shouldn’t have been surprised; our divisions have been in front of our faces and inside our feeds this whole time.

2020 November 24, Charlie Warzel, “What Facebook Fed the Baby Boomers”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


handball

European handball, Olympic handball, team handball

American handball, Gaelic handball, Irish handball

It was a dramatic finish to an absorbing, fast-paced game but Blackburn will be deeply unhappy with referee Anthony Taylor as Nzonzi's handball was harsh.

2011 October 29, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3 - 3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:

一種各人用手交替將球排向牆的運動

一手持球，一手傳球的動作

一種校園遊戲，用手將網球打向地面（臨時的瀝青或石板場地）


homeopathy

/ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθi/

/ˌhɒmɪˈɒpəθi/

I am sure that if doctors (for instance) were first taught how to use some of the other methods of homeopathy effectively, particularly the therapeutics and organ-based methods, they would be much more able to incorporate these into their practices […]

2004, Ian Watson, A Guide to the Methodologies of Homeopathy, Cutting Edge Publications (ISBN 9780951765760), page 20:


hurl

繼承自中古英語 hurlen，原为拟声词。对比hurry、hurtle。

He managed a hurl of 50.3 metres.

The Gods, with horror and amaze, look’d down,

With threatening hurl, that shook th’ aethereal [var.: aerial] firmament!

1695, William Congreve, “To the King, on the Taking of Namure. Irregular Ode.”, 出自 Poems Upon Several Occasions, Glasgow, 出版於 1752，頁號 16:

I laid down this law with all the girls and expected to receive a hurl of abuse back.

Benjamin W. Evans, Tales 源自The Kerb (page 25)

Open the window! I've gotta take a hurl.

WAYNE: What I'd really like to do is something extraordinary. Something big. […] But I'll probably end up working at Great America, mopping up hurl and lung butter.

Maybe you can give me a hurl in the Bentley one day, when you're in the vicinity.

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic，頁號 413:


invocation

简体: 启用[信息科技]

正體: 調用[電子計算機]


gloria

The glorias, canticles, and some translations of popular hymns are admirably sung; I do not know that I ever heard congregational singing more effective.

1855, The Colonial Church chronicle, and missionary journal


infection

正體: 傳染[電子計算機]


ideography

正體: 表意文字[電子計算機]


hexadecimal

源自1952年，由 hexadeca- + decimal 組成；更多訊息請見英語維基百科條目。

以十六進位／十六進制表達的數


integration

/ɪntəˈɡɹeɪʃən/


hurtle

动词派生自中古英語 hurtelen、hurtlen (“掷，投；冲向；垮塌；伤害；击倒；推动；冲刺；跌倒”) [以及其他形式]，源自hurten (“伤害（肉体或比喻义）；损害；羞辱，伤害...的情感；受伤；撞上；推动；跌倒”)（还见英語 hurt (动词)） + -el-、-elen (反复态后缀)。英语词可作hurt (“（弃用）敲打，击打”) + -le (反复态后缀)分析。
名词派生自动词。

[T]he war woke me up, I began to move left, and recent events have accelerated that move until it is now a hurtle.

1975, William Howard Gass（被引）, “GASS, WILLIAM H(OWARD)”, 出自 John Wakeman 編, World Authors 1950–1970 […] (Authors Series), New York, N.Y.: The H[alsey] W[illiam] Wilson Company, →ISBN，頁號 538，列號 1:

Jamba has removed from [Christopher] Marlowe's Doctor Faustus all but the barest of essentials – even half its title, leaving us with an 80-minute hurtle through Faustus's four and twenty borrowed years on earth.

2005 June 20, “(請註明文章標題)”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, 衛報, 倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC:

There came a hurtle of wings, a flash of bright feathers, and a great pigeon with slate-grey plumage and a neck bright as an opal, lit on a swaying finial.

1913, Eden Phillpotts, 章號 IV, 出自 Widecombe Fair, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC，頁號 26:


implosion

正體: 內爆[電子計算機]


initiation

正體: 啟動[電子計算機]


inflection

源自早期形式inflexion，借自中古法語 inflexion，借自拉丁語 inflexiōnem (“变化”, 字面意思是“弯曲”)。英语词形中的⟨ct⟩是受到了inflect或相关词correction等的影响导致的。

In English, word order often does the work that inflection did in Latin

英语中，语序常代替拉丁语中的屈折。

an inflection for gender, number, or tense

English's regular inflection for number in plural nouns is the suffix -s.

英语复数名词的规则屈折变化词缀是后缀-s。

屈折变化形式，屈折变化词形

Recite every inflection for each of these words.

把这些单词的所有屈折词形都背出来。

If he's lying, his inflection changes.

他说谎时他的语调会变化。

inflection point

inflection from the rules


immaturity

/ɪməˈtʃʊɹɪti/


ineptitude

The curse has been Spanish ineptitude feeding Gibraltarian intransigence. Border hold-ups are counterproductive to winning hearts and minds, as were blundering Argentinian landings on the outer Falklands.

2013, Simon Jenkins, Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history (in The Guardian, 14 August 2013)http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/14/gibraltar-falklands-deny-logic-history

He droned on with platitudes and ineptitudes while Malone whispered to Enid that if Alasha was a fair specimen of the population it was just as well that his native land was safely engulfed in the Atlantic Ocean.

1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist:


intolerance

Religious intolerance is a serious problem in Brazil.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


intent

自中古英語 entente起即出现，源自古法語 entent或entente，最终源自拉丁語 intentus。后拼写被调整来向拉丁语词形靠拢。对比intention。


invar

正體: 因鋼[電機工程]


intricacy

the intricacy of a knot

the intricacy of accounts

the intricacy of a cause in controversy

There are many intricacies in the plot of this novel.

这篇小说的情节十分错综复杂。


inauguration

/ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/


hyperthyroidism

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/


impression

His head made an impression on the pillow.

他的頭在枕頭上留下痕跡。

He tried to make a good impression on his parents.

他試圖給父母留下好印象。

Their empires, triumphs, conquests, and projects, have left little impression behind them, notwithstanding the attention they once attracted, and the violent convulsions which they caused in the state of the world.

1805, Henry Kett, “Conclusion”, 出自 Elements of General Knowledge, Introductory to Useful Books in the Principal Branches of Literature and Science. […], 卷 I, Philadelphia, Pa.: […] [T]he Press of H. Maxwell, for F. Nichols, […], and J. A. Cummings, […]，頁號s 387–388:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 1, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, 出自 Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN，頁號 x:

I have the impression that he's already left for Paris.

我印象中他已經動身去巴黎了。

關鍵績效指標，代表廣告的曝光次數

Publishers are paid for each ad impression their site generates.

2010, Dusty Reagan, Twitter Application Development For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁號 329:

第一層顏色，例如房屋油漆的底漆

Let us, therefore, use a little freedom, and call them Impressions; employing that word in a sense somewhat different from the usual. By the term impression, then, I mean all our more lively perceptions, when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will. And impressions are distinguished from ideas, which are the less lively perceptions, of which we are conscious, when we reflect on any of those sensations or movements above mentioned.

1748, David Hume, “Of the Origin of Ideas”, 出自 An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding:


hoodwink

动词派生自hood (“兜帽，风帽”) + wink (“闭眼”)。
名词派生自动词。


immolation

源自中古英語 immolacion，源自中古法語 immolation，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 immolatio。

Mary heard with sorrow, and fear also, of the projected journey; but the altered expression of Isabella's countenance was a great palliative—dreadful as it was that her husband should love another (and of that distressing fact it was impossible to doubt), his confidence was consoling; and her power to prove the firmness of her character, her right to his esteem, and the immolation of her happiness to further his desires, had, in itself, the sustainment which belongs to great sacrifice.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 XXVIII, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁號 66:


juju

源自某西非语言，可能最终源自法語 joujou。

（西非人认为有魔力或超自然力量的）护符，物神

（上述物品的）超自然力量，魔力

（非正式）（通常指负面的）报应

That's some bad juju.


hyperbole

源自拉丁語 hyperbolē，源自古希臘語 ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ, “超过，夸张”)，源自ὑπέρ (hupér, “上”) + βάλλω (bállō, “丢，抛”)。hyperbola的同源對似詞。

The great staircase, however, may be termed, without much hyperbole, a feature of grandeur and magnificence.

1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Legends of the Province House

Of course the hymn has come to us from somewhere else, but I do not know from where; and the average native of our village firmly believes that it is indigenous to our own soil—which it can not be, unless it deals in hyperbole, for the nearest approach to a river in our neighborhood is the village pond.

c. 1910, Theodore Roosevelt, Productive Scholarship

The final key to the way I promote is bravado. I play to people's fantasies. ..People want to believe that something is the biggest and the greatest and the most spectacular. I call it truthful hyperbole. It's an innocent form of exaggeration—and a very effective form of promotion.

1987, Donald Trump, Tony Schwartz, The Art of the Deal, p. 58.

In these circumstances, hyperbole is called for, the rhetorical figure that raises its objects up, excessively, way above their actual merit : it is not to deceive by exaggeration that one overshoots the mark, but to allow the true value, the truth of what is insufficiently valued, to appear.

1995, Richard Klein, “Introduction”, 出自 Cigarettes are sublime, Paperback版, Durham: Duke University Press, 出版於 1993, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁號 17:

The perennial problem, especially for the BBC, has been to reconcile the hyperbole-driven agenda of newspapers with the requirement of balance, which is crucial to the public service remit.

2001, Tom Bentley, Daniel Stedman Jones, The Moral Universe

The honourable gentleman forces us to hear a good deal of this detestable rhetoric; and then he asks why, if the secretaries of the Nizam and the King of Oude use all these tropes and hyperboles, Lord Ellenborough should not indulge in the same sort of eloquence?

1843, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The Gates of Somnauth


lavender

源自中古英語 lavendre，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 lavendre（法語 lavande），源自中世紀拉丁語 lavendula，可能源自拉丁語 lividus (“浅蓝的”)，但因薰衣草常用于洗衣，而受到了lavō (“洗”)的影响。

lavender：

web lavender：


lumbago

名词借自晚期拉丁語 lumbāgō (“腰部疼痛”)，源自晚期拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部的”)、拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lendʰ- (“腰部”)） + -āgō (构成描述物体、动物和植物的名词的后缀)。
动词直接衍生自名词。

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lumbago.wav

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935, Francis Beeding [笔名，原名John Palmer], 章號 VII, 出自 The Norwich Victims, London: Arcturus Publishing, 出版於 2013, →ISBN, →OL, section 2:

We may imagine an athletics coach with a scientific training researching into the physiology and the psychology of runners. [...] He finds out the effects of fatigue, of alcohol, of tobacco, of lumbago and of depression upon their performances.

1953, 吉尔伯特·赖尔, “Dilemma VII: Perception”, 出自 Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 出版於 1954 (1987 printing), →ISBN，頁號 105:


lithography

源自德語 Lithographie，源自λίθος (líthos, “石头”) + γράφειν (gráphein, “写”)。原来的印刷平面是一块平的石灰石，其上抹了一层油脂来形成一个可以选择性将墨转移到纸上的平面，现在一般使用金属板来代替石灰石。

offset printing

石板印刷术 （自1813年）

photolithography

石板印刷术 （自1813年）

planography

石板印刷术 （自1813年）

石板印刷术 （自1813年）


torque

借自拉丁語 torqueō (“扭轉”)。


upholstery

首个记录见于1597年，源自upholster (名词)或upholster(er) + -(er)y或-y。


necromancy

约1300年，源自中古英語 nigromancye，源自古法語 nigromancie，源自中世紀拉丁語 nigromantia，源自拉丁語 necromantia，源自古希臘語 νεκρομαντεία (nekromanteía)、νεκρός (nekrós, “死亡的”) + μαντεία (manteía, “占卜”)。中古拉丁语拼写，套用了niger (“黑色的”)一词，受到了巫术（英語 black art）概念的影响。现代拼写取得于16世纪中叶。

And for to make this treatise the more pleasaunt and facill, I have put it in forme of a Dialogue, which I have diuided into three bookes: The first speaking of Magie in general, and Necromancie in special.

And in one word for all, Nagomancy, or Necromancy; by inspecting, consulting, and divining by, with，或源自the dead.

the Devil did often tempt me to study necromancy and nigromancy and to make use of magic, and to make a league with him...

1867 E. Rogers, quoted in K. Thomas Relig. & Decline of Magic

There is no doubt..that necromancy is the touch-stone of occultism...

招魂术 （任何与死亡或死者有关的法术，尤指召唤或复活死者的）


nihility

源自文藝復興拉丁語 nihilitas，源自拉丁語 nihil (“没有东西”)。

无，虚无，空洞 （自17世纪）

Paeans and even poems have been written to the esoteric nature of the smallest building blocks of matter: how they manifest as everywhere and nowhere, seem to have come out of emptiness, and at the ultimate level seem to be distilled from pure nihility.

2000, Gregg Easterbrook, “Review: The Quest for Quarks”, 出自 The Wilson Quarterly, 卷 24, 期 1，頁號 110:

不存在的事物 （18-19世纪）

Della Crusca says all past Actions are Nihilities; & that the immediate Instant is the whole of human Existence—A bad Accᵗ of it surely!

1788, Hester Thrale Piozzi, Thraliana, 26 December:


noncommittal

As a result of cowardly noncommittals during the immediate postelection period, there was so much strain on several black-white Democratic relationships that they approached open ruptures.

1997, Dennis Sven Nordin, The New Deal's Black Congressman，頁號 42:

还没作出决定的人 （如选举人等）

Where they occur, in the Liberal increases in Quebec and Ontario for instance, they are offset by declines in the number of undecideds or noncommittals.

1981, Howard Rae Penniman, Canada at the Polls, 1979 and 1980，頁號 372:


massacre

村莊的大屠殺讓許多家庭陷入了絕望之中。

The massacre at the village left many families devastated.


lurch

源自中古英語 *lurche（由lurching推测出），源自古法語 lourche (“被骗的；尴尬的；一种游戏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *lort (“左；左撇子的；扭曲的；弯曲的；变形的；狡诈的；跛脚的”)。与英語 lirt同源。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

Lady Blandford has cried her eyes out on losing a lurch.

August 14, 1784, Horace Walpole, letter to the Hon. H. S. Conway


karma

借自梵語 कर्मन् (kárman, “行为，表现”)，英语中的最早引文见于1827年。

That means everything from lighting to the vibes, the karma of the room.

How many times when you have been in a bar have you felt that a confrontation was building up, even without extensive verbal exchanges? Sometimes you can feel the karma or energy of a place change, and you should not ignore that

2006, Chase Sargent, From Buddy to Boss, page 219:

On the way to Lancaster, which was about an hour and a half from Philly, John felt the karma.

Reddit网站上的一个代表用户获得的赞踩数的积分系统


nasalization

eclipsis

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音


nescience

无知，无学（尤指没有正统的信念）

Better to have honest nescience than to have militant ignorance.

诚实的无知比激进的无知好。

To lapse from knowledge into nescience is always possible—there is no law of God or man forbidding it.

1911, Ralph Barton Perry, "Notes on the Philosophy of Henri Bergson," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, vol. 8, no. 26, p. 720,

Algernon, in a condition of masculine nescience, lets himself become engaged to a woman of whom he knows nothing.

The theory of nescience is but the obverse of the fact of science.

1895, J. G. Schurman, "Agnosticism," The Philosophical Review, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 244,


lobster

繼承自中古英語 loppestere、lopster，來自古英語 loppestre (“龍蝦，像蜘蛛的生物”)，源頭不確定。有些人認為是拉丁語 lō̆custa (“蚱蜢，蝗蟲”)訛變 + 古英語陰性代理後綴-estre。在拉丁語短語lō̆custa marīna（字面意思為「海蚱蜢」）用來表示一種甲殼動物（蝦子或龍蝦）。
或者是來自古英語 lobbe、loppe (“蜘蛛”) + 古英語陰性代理後綴-estre，等同於lop + -ster。

cray, langouste, spiny lobster, rock lobster

Some get shit and some get lobster
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1991, Markus Grosskopf, "Shit and Lobster", Helloween, Pink Bubbles Go Ape.

澳大利亞的二十元紙幣，其顏色為橘紅色


normalization

[ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩]


nihil

无答辩 （被告人拒绝辩护或回答）

I shall no longer believe all the visions of my youth:
They have dissolved into nihil.

1996, David Tibet, “The Starres Are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal)” (lyrics):

All tales about the beginning are apt to eliminate the nothing and make being overall. […] Without Nihil the whirlpool of the beginning settles down and becomes a stagnant puddle of pure being. Nihil disappears.

2008, Arvydas Šliogeris, Names of Nihil，頁號 13:

That is, in the sovereign act of creation, whereby YHWH orders chaos, YHWH provisionally defeated the power of the Nihil but did not destroy or eliminate the threat of chaos.

2009, Walter Brueggemann, An Unsettling God: The Heart of the Hebrew Bible，頁號 143:


mugwort

來自中古英語 mugwort、mugwyrt、mucgwurt，來自古英語 mucgwyrt、mucwyrt等，來自原始日耳曼語；可能對應midge + wort。與地域性的低地德語 muggart、mugwurz同源。

蒿屬，原產於歐洲和亞洲的幾種芳香植物中的任一屬（Artemisia）

Mugwort is with good success put among other herbs that are boiled, for women to sit over the hot decoction to draw down their courses, to help the delivery of the birth and expel the afterbirth, as also for the obstructions and inflammations of the mother.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society 2007, p. 197:


notation

正體: 記號；記法[電機工程]

正體: 記法[自由軟體]

简体: 记法[自由软体]

正體: 記法；表示法；記號；記數法；符號[電子計算機]


maintainability

可修護性；可維持性；可堅持性


nirvana

借自梵語 निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “熄灭的”)，源自निस् (nis, “出，灭”) + वा (vā, “吹”)。

/nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/


maidenhood

來自中古英語 maydenhode、meidenhod、maȝdenhad，來自古英語 mæġdenhād (“處女時代”)，等同於maiden + -hood。


madder

來自中古英語 mader、madere、mædere，來自古英語 mædere、mæddre、mædre，來自原始日耳曼語 *madarǭ（對照瑞典語 madra、古諾爾斯語 / 冰島語 maðra），來自原始印歐語 *modʰro-，與原始斯拉夫語 *modrъ (“藍色”)同源，和對照愛爾蘭語 madar (“茜草”)、拉脫維亞語 madara (“茜草”)。

茜草的根，可藥用或染色用

madder：

Her big head has coloured to a dim and dreadful madder.


maidenhead

Put in but little Silver or Gold, for if you do, you quite spoil the Compoſition ; but inſtead thereof, add of Tradeſmens Bills for Cloaths, to the Value of 100 l. [¶] Laſtly, Take away the Girl's Maidenhead, and then the Compoſition is fit for Uſe.

1713, Sir John Willes, The Speech that was Intended to Have Been Spoken by the Terræ-Filius: In the Theatre at O----d, July 13, 1713, Had Not His Mouth Been Stopp'd by the V. Ch------r:

Gallants, a bashful poet bids me say,

And ne'er, till now, debauch'd upon the stage.

1760, John Dryden, The Miscellaneous Works: Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations，頁號 367:

My lord,[…]/ I brought you nothing else it may be said / But faith and nakedness and maidenhead.

1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, Nevill Coghill, transl., The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, 出版於 1977，頁號 363:

She prayed to Pallas, and by her help escaped from him in the form of a crow, rejoicing more to keep her maidenhead white under the blackness of the feathers than to lose it and be adorned with the fairest pearls.

1900, John Gower, The English Works of John Gower:

So the reference to the plucking of the ginger flower is again an indirect allusion to the taking of the girl's maidenhead .

1995, Ruth H. Finnegan, Margaret Orbell, Reader in Maori Head of Department of Maori Margaret Orbell, South Pacific Oral Traditions, Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁號 70:

The gender reversals that pervade this play continue mischievously in the man's maidenhead being the undisclosed secret.

2004, Yu Jin Ko, Mutability and Division on Shakespeare's Stage，頁號 70:

“[…] He said that Katheryn told him he should have her maidenhead, though it be painful to her. I told him to be gone with his empty promises of marriage. But I doubt not that Mr. Mannox has known her intimately.”

2004, Margaret Doner, Merlin's Handbook for Seekers and Starseeds, iUniverse, →ISBN，頁號 94:

[…] a young virgin makes an even trade of her maidenhead for a hat that she desires. She negotiates with the haberdasher, who originally stipulated for her maidenhead plus a crown […]

2006, C. Harol, Enlightened Virginity in Eighteenth-Century Literature, Springer, →ISBN，頁號 87:

The penis imagery becomes apparent: the nails are 'blunt' and 'large', designed to push through the fair skin in body parts (feet, hands) that had earlier been described in erotically-charged language. As if losing his maidenhead, Christ's body 'bursts' when entered, bringing forth a gush of blood that mars his white (womanly) skin.

2009, The Milieu and Context of the Wooing Group，頁號 141:

Almost immediately afterwards, Scanlan discovered that the marriage was legal; Ellie was his wife. He began to feel that he had paid an exceptionally high price for his maidenhead.

2015, Colin Wilson, A Casebook of Murder:


numeration

正體: 記數法；記數；命數法[電子計算機]


numerology

/ˌnuməˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/


mycoplasma

mycoplasmas (plural)
mycoplasmata (plural)


nougat

源自法語 nougat，源自奧克語 nogat，源自noga (“堅果”)，源自拉丁語 nux (“堅果”)。對比西班牙語 nuégado。


migraine

1777年进行了词形调整（在法語的影响下），源自14世纪晚期的中古英語 megrim，源自13世纪的古法語 migraigne，源自通俗拉丁語中拉丁語 hemicrania (“半边头痛”)的发音，源自古希臘語 ἡμικρανία (hēmikranía)，源自ἡμι- (hēmi-, “半”) + κρανίον (kraníon, “颅”)（亦派生出cranium）其仿译自埃及語 gs-tp (“头痛”)，源自gs (“半”) + tp (“头”)，但是埃及纸莎草内的记录和希腊语内的ἡμικρανία (hēmikranía)也可能纯属碰巧相似。
同源词有megrim、hemicrania。

megrim, migraine headache, sick headache

He had a headache so bad that he wished he was dead, but it was the sort of migraine that promised him he would continue to suffer but not die.

他头痛痛得想死，但是那是那种不会致死而一直折磨你的偏头痛。

After consuming too much coffee every day for six weeks, she got severe migraines that would last up until 47 minutes after her first cup of coffee.

天天过量喝咖啡六周后，她得了一种喝第一杯咖啡后会持续最多47分钟的偏头痛。

It was in 1976, during our first family holiday to Disneyland, California, that my family learned the difference between a headache and a migraine.

2006, Dian Caouette, Migraine Rewritten: A Journey from Debilitating Headache Pain to Regained Health，頁號 6:

A team of international researchers has recently identified the first—ever genetic link to common migraine (common migraine refers to migraine without aura, and it is the most common type of migraine that occurs).

2013, Susan Hutchinson, The Woman's Guide to Managing Migraine，頁號 18:

Migraine headaches are fortunately suffered by a relatively small percentage of people, but for those who do suffer, migraines can literally take over their life.

2013, Health Press Publishing, Natural Therapies and Prevention for Headaches and Migraines, unnumbered page,

Syncope is estimated to occur in bouts of headache in approximately 5% of adult patients with migraine.

1995, Robert A. Davidoff, Migraine: Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Management，頁號 60:

Migraine is characterized by recurrent unilateral, often pulsating, headaches, worsened by physical activity and associated with nausea, photophobia and phonophobia.

2005, Michael H. Silber, “Chapter 28: Headaches and sleep disorders”, 出自 Christian Guilleminault 編, Clinical Neurophysiology of Sleep Disorders，頁號 337:

Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder with substantial variation in the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches (Goadsby, Lipton, & Ferrari, 2002).

2006, Joshua W. Devine, Daily Migraine Prevention and Its Influence on Resource Utilization in the Military Health System, PhD Thesis, page 1,


miscellany

借自法語 miscellanées，源自拉丁語 miscellanea，源自miscellus (“混杂的”)，源自misceō (“混”)。

a monthly miscellany of literature


shape

正體: 形狀[自由軟體]

简体: 形状[自由软体]

正體: 形狀[電子計算機]


trigonometry

正體: 三角學[電子計算機]


melancholia

來自晚期拉丁語 melancholia，源自古希臘語醫學術語μελαγχολία (melankholía, “膽汁的黑色”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-, “黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ, “膽汁”)。


euphoria

借自新拉丁語 euphoria，來自古希臘語 εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā)，來自εὔφορος (eúphoros, “承重牆的”)，來自εὐ- (eu-, “出色地”) + φέρω (phérō, “承擔”)。

The runner was in (a state of) absolute euphoria after winning his first marathon.

这位跑手在第一次赢得马拉松比赛后，处于绝对的兴奋状态。


reproduction

/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/

Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, 出自 American Scientist, 卷 101, 期 3:

Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

未经许可严禁转载本文章。

Jim was proud of the Rembrandt reproduction he owned.

Jim有一个伦勃朗的复制品，他很引以为豪。


學校

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕyo²¹ ɕiau²¹³/

/ɕyə²⁴ ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/hɔːk̚² haːu̯²²/

/hɔk̚³² hau³²/, /hɔk̚³² hau³²⁻³²⁵/

/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴⁻² ɕiau⁴⁵/

/houʔ⁵⁻²¹ hɑu²⁴²/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hau²²/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/ɦiaʔ¹¹ ɦiɔ²³/

/ɕɪ̯o²⁴ t͡ɕɪ̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

教書學習的場所 (分類詞：所 官; 間／间 粵)

上不了好學校

上不了好学校

去學校當實習老師

去学校当实习老师

他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。

Tā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà.

他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。

我喺一間學校做嘢。

ngo⁵ hai² jat¹ gaan¹ hok⁶ haau⁶ zou⁶ je⁵.

我喺一间学校做嘢。

他的兒子在一所私立學校就學。

Tā de érzi zài yī suǒ sīlì xuéxiào jiùxué.

他的儿子在一所私立学校就学。

去學校怎樣行？

Kó̤ hŏk-hâu cuōng-iông giàng? / [kʰɔ²¹³ houʔ⁵⁻²¹ hɑu²⁴² t͡suoŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyɔŋ²⁴² kiaŋ⁵³]

去学校怎样行？

國有學校，侯有泮宮。

C.E.1世紀，揚雄，《百官箴》

国有学校，侯有泮宫。

C.E.1世紀，揚雄，《百官箴》


prase

源自拉丁語 prasius，源自古希臘語 πράσιος (prásios, “綠色的”)，源自古希臘語 πράσον (práson, “韭蔥”)。


algebra

出自中世紀拉丁語 algebrāica，出自阿拉伯語 الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “拆分与合并”)


murder

源自中古英語 murder、murdre、mourdre，变化自早期形式murthre (“谋杀”)（参见murther），源自古英語 morþor (“暗杀，非法杀害”)和古英語 myrþra (“谋杀，他杀”)，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *murþrą (“死，杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mr̥tro- (“杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mer-、*mor-、*mr̥- (“死”)。与哥特語 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “谋杀”)、古高地德語 mord (“谋杀”)、古諾爾斯語 morð (“谋杀”)、古英語 myrþrian (“谋杀”)和morþ有关。
中古英語词形内的-d-可能部分受到盎格魯-諾曼語 murdre的影响，后者源自古法語 murdre，源自中世紀拉丁語 murdrum（亦派生出同源对似词murdrum），源自古法蘭克語 *morþr、*murþr (“谋杀”)，源自同样的日耳曼語族词根，虽然也有可能是完全内部发展的结果（对比burden，其源自burthen）。

The defendant was charged with murder.

Reggie Clemons has one last chance to save his life. After 19 years on death row in Missouri for the murder of two young women, he has been granted a final opportunity to persuade a judge that he should be spared execution by lethal injection.

2012 August 21, Ed Pilkington, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, 出自 The Guardian:

Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine.[…]One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates have fallen over the centuries, as policing has spread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished. Modern society may not have done anything about war. But peace is a lot more peaceful.

2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8845:

There have been ten unsolved murders this year alone.

单单今年以来就有10起谋杀悬案。

The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff.

1927, F. E. Penny, 章號 4, 出自 Pulling the Strings:

It may be guessed, indeed, that this was the original form of the story, the fairy being the addition of those who considered Jack's thefts from (and murder of) the giant to be scarcely justified without her.

1984, Humphrey Carpenter, Mari Prichard, The Oxford companion to children's literature, page 275:

Captain Sulu, who served under the legendary James T. Kirk for many years, disobeys Starfleet orders in order to try and help Kirk and another old shipmate, Dr. McCoy, who have been imprisoned for the murder of the Klingon chancellor.

2003, Paul Ruditis, Star Trek Voyager: Companion, →ISBN，頁號 131:

Dr. Herrera also knew Hemingway had held Batista's army personally responsible for the brutal murders of his dogs, Blackie (Black Dog) and Machakos.

2011, Carlene Brennen, Hemingway's Cats, →ISBN，頁號 161:

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

在使用重罪谋杀罪的司法地区

This headache is murder.

For his part, Melchior was growing unhappy with the murder of crows. They had been patiently following Arthur for hours, trailing him from town to country.

1995, Deepak Chopra, The Return of Merlin: A Novel, →ISBN，頁號 108:

Without the murder of crows roosting in its branches, Nevermore Tree looked as bare as a skeleton.

2001, Daniel Handler, The Vile Village, →ISBN，頁號 76:


ouija

Ouija (“通靈板”)的另一種寫法

Mediums — tipping tables — ouijas — all that sort of thing.
#*:: 灵媒——桌灵转——通靈板——诸如此类的东西。

2005, Stephen Vincent Benet, The Beginning of Wisdom (p. 268)


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-, “黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ, “膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:

"The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 VI, 出自 Romance and Reality. […], 卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁號 111:

As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:


progeny

Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

(Can we date this quote?), John Milton, Areopagitica:


providence

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 providence、中古法語 providence，及两者词源拉丁語 prōvidentia (“远虑”)，源自prōvidēre (“提供”)的现在分词。取代了本土词古英語 foresċēawung。

预先准备，深谋远虑，远见 （自14世纪）

神的旨意，神的引导 （自14世纪）

天佑，天意，神意的显现 （自16世纪）

The idea was that a complete list of fully documented providences should be compiled as a cooperative venture which would cross denominational barriers.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, p. 91:

对资源的合理安排，节约，节俭 （自17世纪）

His providence in saving for his old age is exemplary.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


pneumoconiosis

借自新拉丁語 pneumoconiōsis，來自古希臘語 πνεῦμα (pneûma, “風，氣息，精神”) + κόνις (kónis, “灰塵”) + -osis。

Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

張志超28歲就得了塵肺病。在新密一家磨料工廠上班之前，他的身體很好很健康，那裡距離他的老家、河南省省會鄭州不遠。工作中他每天都會吸入大量的粉塵。在2007年下半年，他開始咳嗽、感覺呼吸困難，

2012, Hsiao-Hung Pai, Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants [散沙：中國農民工的故事], Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁號 86:


oxytocin

源自oxytocic ← 古希腊语ὀξύς (oxús, “快速”) + τόκος (tókos, “生产”) ← τίκτω (tíktō, “生产”)。

催产素，脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种


工廠

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

kang-chhiúⁿ / kang-chhióⁿ / kang-chhiáuⁿ

гунчан (gunčan)

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kuŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ³¹/

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

/kaŋ³³ t͡sʰiũ⁵⁵⁴/

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁵³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ⁵³/

泉漳話: 廈門, 泉州, 臺灣話（常用）

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔ̃⁵³/

/kaŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiãu⁴⁴⁵/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiaŋ⁵²/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰã²¹/

由機器、工人將原料或半成品，製造成成品的工作場所(分類詞：家 官; 間／间 官; 座 官; 個／个 官)

工廠女工

工厂女工

這個條款只適用於中國國內工廠。

Zhège tiáokuǎn zhǐ shìyòng yú Zhōngguó guónèi gōngchǎng.

这个条款只适用于中国国内工厂。


orphanage

/ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/


perjury

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 perjurie，源自拉丁語 perjurare (“虚假的发誓”)，源自per- + jūrāre。取代了本土词古英語 mānāþ (字面意思是“虚假的发誓”)。

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)dʒəɹi/

We declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

我们在伪证罪规定下宣誓前述事实真实无误。


prowess

源自中古英語 prowesse、prouwesse、proues、prouesce、prouesse (“战斗中的英勇；英勇行为；杰出优越；（人格的）高尚；聪慧”)，源自古法語 proeche、proesce、proeësche (“好，佳；优秀；勇敢”)，源自古法語 preu、prou、prouz、proz、pruz (“好的；优秀的；英勇的”)。对比英語 proud。

高超的技艺，技能，本领，造诣

When in liquor he would make foolish wagers. On one of these too frequent occasions he was boasting of his prowess as a pedestrian and athlete, and the outcome was a match against nature. For a stake of one sovereign he undertook to run all the way to Coventry and back, a distance of something more than forty miles.

1888 October 14, Ambrose Bierce, “An Unfinished Race”, 出自 The San Francisco Examiner, →OCLC; republished in Can Such Things Be?, Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, 1903, →OCLC，頁號 313:

There is such a sense of inferiority sometimes when it comes to facing Germany, with all their World Cups, their penalty prowess and easy sophistication, it might come as a surprise to learn that, in head-to-head encounters, England actually match their opponents.

2017 November 10, Daniel Taylor, “Youthful England earn draw with Germany but Lingard rues late miss”, 出自 The Guardian, London，於2018-03-28歸檔自原頁面:

英勇，勇敢，无畏，英雄气概 （尤指在战斗中）

[…] But, wroth because this man in full assembly, / Came and reviled thee, thou wouldst shew thy prowess, / The prowess that attends thee, that henceforth / Not e'er a man might think to scorn thy prowess, […]

1863, Homer, T[homas] S[tarling] Norgate, transl., The Odyssey; or, The Ten Years’ Wandering of Odusseus, after the Ten Years’ Siege of Troy. Reproduced in Dramatic Blank Verse, London: Williams and Norgate, […], →OCLC，頁號 158:

A beautiful great lady, past her prime, / Behold her dreaming in her easy chair; / Grey robed, and veiled, in laces old and rare, / Her smiling eyes see but the vanished time / Of splendid prowess, and of deeds sublime.

1910, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, “England, Awake!”, 出自 Poems of Experience, London: Gay & Hancock, Ltd., 12 and 13 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, 出版於 1917, →OCLC，頁號 38; 再版為 More Poems, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland & Stewart Publishers, 1919, →OCLC, stanza 1，頁號 246:

显示出上述特质的行为 熟练，高超的手法

I recollect hearing […] of his [Sir William Hamilton's] simple, independent, meditative habits, ruggedly athletic modes of exercise, fondness for his big dog, etc. etc.: […] I did not witness, much less share in, any of the swimming or other athletic prowesses.

1869 July, “Art. VI.—Memoir of Sir William Hamilton, Bart., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. By John Veitch, M.A., Professor of Logic and Rhetoric in the University of Glasgow. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1869.”, 出自 The North British Review, 卷 L, 期 C, Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas, →OCLC，頁號 493:

As the Middle Ages drew to a close and the Renaissance rose like a new sun, knowledge of philosophy and the sciences became objects of interest to a nobility that had once held only skill in battle as a prowess worth attaining.

2007, Christopher Hodapp, “From Darkness to Light”, 出自 Richard Harris 編, Solomon’s Builders: Freemasons, Founding Fathers and the Secrets of Washington, D.C., Berkeley, Calif.: Ulysses Press, →ISBN，頁號s 35–36:

显示出上述特质的行为 英勇行为

Thenne the batails approuched and ſhoue and ſhowted on bothe ſydes / many men ouerthrowen / hurte / & ſlayn and grete valyaunces / proweſſes and appertyces of werre were that day ſhewed […]

a. 1472, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum viij”, 出自 [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], 出版於 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 87, recto; 再版為 H[einrich] Oskar Sommer 編, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC，頁號 173，行號s 11–15:

If it is deemed of so much importance, why has no attention been paid to the effects of general friendship, such as certain military prowesses, in which you see a portion of a regiment sacrifice itself in support of another portion?

1851, Charles Fourier, Hugh Doherty, transl., “Ulterlogue”, 出自 The Passions of the Human Soul, and Their Influence on Society and Civilization. […] In Two Volumes, 卷 II, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […], →OCLC，頁號 88:


pareidolia

借自德語 Pareidolie，由古希臘語 παρα- (para-, “在...一边”) + εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “图像”) + -ία (-ía)构成。

This last is called by Dr. Kahlbaum, changing hallucination, partial hallucination, perception of secondary images, or pareidolia.

1868 July, John Sibbald, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 卷 13，頁號 238:

Pareidolia underlies several forms of divination.

1993, Raymond Moody, Paul Perry, Reunions: Visionary Encounters with Departed Loved Ones, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN，頁號 13:

Pareidolias aren't solely limited to images. When I was a youngster, I remember listening to The Beatles' song "Strawberry Fields" over and over to hear what seemed to be "I buried Paul."

2006, Steve W. Martin, “Choosing Your Battles”, 出自 Heavy Hitter Selling: How Successful Salespeople Use Language and Intuition to Persuade Customers to Buy, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁號 150:

Pareidolia is a state of mind where a vague or unclear image is perceived to be something recognizable, regardless of whether it's something you expect to see. The most famous example of pareidolia is the familiar face of the Man in the Moon.

2010, Rick Emmer, “Nessies of the New World”, 出自 Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction? (Creature Scene Investigation), New York, N.Y.: Chelsea House Publishers, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 81:


parlance

來自中古英語 *parlaunce，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 parlance、parlaunce，來自parler (“說話”) + -ance。

措辞，特别是谈到工作或兴趣时。

To my childish fancy, it had seemed an imaginary flag-staff, or, in rustic parlance, the "liberty pole" of some former generation […]

We approach the contest, still known in the common parlance of the country, as "the first Pennimite War."

1845, Charles Miner, History of Wyoming, Letter IX:

And without further parlance they fought, […]

1849, Lady Charlotte Guest, The Mabinogion, "Peredur the Son of Evrawc":

The tourist's impression of the country to-day is that of a transported Holland, in which the official language is Dutch and the parlance of the people is "taki-taki."

1909, William Elliot Griffis, The Story of New Netherland, Chapter 22:


paranoia

最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia, “疯狂”)，源自παράνοος (paránoos, “疯癫的，痴呆的”)，源自παρά (pará, “超越”) + νόος (nóos, “心智，心灵”)。
就词形分析为para- (“异常，超越”) + nous (“心智”) + -ia (“症候，症状”)。

/ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/

/ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/


quantum

借自晚期拉丁語 quantum。

正體: 量子[電機工程]

正體: 量子；量程；時間片（分時系統用）[電子計算機]


perversity

perverse + -ity，源自中古法語 perversité，源自拉丁語 perversitas.


purgatory

源自拉丁語 purgātōrium (“清洗的”)。与英語 purge同源。

/ˈpɝɡəˌtɔɹi/

Purgatory (“炼狱”)的大小寫替代形式

（尤指作为救赎的一部分所经历的）磨难，苦痛

[…] many Gods breedeth heathens miseries, many countries trauailers humors, many wiues mens purgatories, and many friends trustes ruine:

1605, Nicholas Breton, An Olde Mans Lesson, and a Young Mans Loue, London: Edward White,

I laid my rank and fortune at the fair one’s feet, and would have married instantly; but that Oldworth opposed my precipitancy, and insisted upon a probation of six months absence—It has been a purgatory!

1774, 约翰·伯戈因, The Maid of the Oaks, London: T. Becket, Act I, Scene 1, p. 6,

It might be […] that Ruth had worked her way through the deep purgatory of repentance up to something like purity again; God only knew!

1853, 伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔, 《露丝》，章节25，

Later came midsummer, with the stifling heat, when the dingy killing beds of Durham’s became a very purgatory; one time, in a single day, three men fell dead from sunstroke.

1904, 厄普顿·辛克莱，《屠场》，章节10，

[…] that would mean he would be irrecoverably Afrikaans and would have to spend years in the purgatory of an Afrikaans boarding-school, as all farm-children do, before he would be allowed to come back to the farm.

1997, 约翰·马克斯维尔·库切，《男孩》，Penguin, Chapter 11, p. 100,


prevarication

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 prevaricassion、中古法語 prevarication和其来源，拉丁語 praevāricātiō (“与对手串通；偏离正轨；欺瞒”)，源自praevāricor的词干。

/pɹɪˌvæɹɪˈkeɪʃən/

/pɹɪˌvæɹəˈkeɪʃən/

Prevarication became the order of the day in his government while truth was a stranger in those halls.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Mr Rajoy frustrates many with his prevarication over a fresh euro-zone bail-out, which now comes with a conditional promise from the European Central Bank (ECB) to help bring down Spain’s stifling borrowing costs.

2012 October 6, “Charlemagne: Mysterious Mariano”, 出自 The Economist:

（被告人和线人的）串通，勾结

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

If it shall appeare, that they haue forfeited their Faith, or wronged their Client by preuarication.

1628, Robert Le Grys, Argenis, translationJohn Barclay所著的原著:


reckoning

reckon的動名詞，來自reckon + -ing。對照荷蘭語 rekening、德語 Rechnung。

By that reckoning, it would take six weeks to go five miles.

按此推算，走五哩路要花上六個星期。

So saying, he called for a reckoning for the wine, and throwing down the price of the additional bottle which he had himself introduced, rose as if to take leave of us.

day of reckoning

The research presented in this paper is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reckoning of an expanding set of portmanteau terms based on the word English.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, 出自 English World-Wide，頁號 18:

帳單或支票，尤指在旅館或酒館


pestilence

源自中古英語，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 pestilentia (“瘟疫”)，源自pestilens (“感染的，不健康的，有害的”)。等价于pestilent + -ence。

Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;

1611, King James Translators, Psalms 91:5-6:

"Take it, Christian dogsǃ take the palaces, the gardens, the mosques, the abode of our fathers - take plague with them; pestilence is the enemy we fly; if she be your friend, hug her to your bosoms. The curse of Allah is on Stamboul, share ye her fateǃ"

1826, Mary Shelley, The Last Man, part 2, chapter 2

It was reserved for Christians to torture bread, the staff of life, bread for which children in whole districts wail, bread, the gift of pasture to the poor, bread, for want of which thousands of our fellow beings annually perish by famine; it was reserved for Christians to torture the material of bread by fire, to create a chemical and maddening poison, burning up the brain and brutalizing the soul, and producing evils to humanity, in comparison of which, war, pestilence, and famine, cease to be evils.

1831 July 15, “Of the Blood”, 出自 Western Journal of Health, 卷 4, 期 1, L. B. Lincoln，頁號 38:

The snowshoe-rabbits build up through the years until they reach a climax when they seem to be everywhere; then with dramatic suddenness their pestilence falls upon them.

1949 - Bruce Kiskaddon, George R. Stewart, Earth Abides

道德败坏的东西，扰乱社会公序良俗的东西


regulation

/ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

/ˌɹɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/

正體: 規則；調節；調整；調整率[電機工程]

正體: 調整；調整率[電子計算機]


pandemonium

在《失乐园》一書中由约翰·弥尔顿造出 Pandæmonium 一詞，源自古希臘語 πᾶν (pân, “全”)（等价于英語 pan-） + 晚期拉丁語 daemonium (“恶魂，恶魔”)，源自古希臘語 δαιμόνιον (daimónion, “神祇”)。

pandemoniums (plural)
pandemonia (plural)

/ˌpændɪˈməʊnɪəm/

outburst

(尤指人群的) 激愤，混乱

uproar

(尤指人群的) 激愤，混乱

Whenever you have violent pandemonium, there's the overwhelming possibility for panic and tragedy.

每當發生暴力騷動時，極有可能會造成恐慌和不幸。

(尤指人群的) 激愤，混乱


rodomontade

/ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈtɑd/


resentment

“I Love Lisa” opens with one of my favorite underappreciated running jokes from The Simpsons: the passive-aggressive, quietly contentious relationship of radio jocks Bill and Marty, whose mindless happy talk regularly gives way to charged exchanges that betray the simmering resentment and disappointment perpetually lingering just under the surface of their relationship.

2102 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, 出自 AV Club:

It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little resentment of their danger.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr. John Milton […] have thought fit to declare their resentment and good acceptance of the same.


printout

正體: 列印成品[自由軟體]

简体: 打印[自由软体]


baleen

來自中古英語 baleyne，來自古法語 baleine (“鯨、鯨鬚”)，來自拉丁語 balaena (“鯨”)，來自古希臘語 φάλαινα (phálaina, “鯨”)。

“You have probably never seen anything like this before, Mr. Toler. It is baleen, or if you prefer it, whalebone, taken from the mouth of the bowhead whale. It is used by the whale to filter its food.”

1954, Alexander Alderson, 章號 5, 出自 The Subtle Minotaur:

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007, Lance E. Davis, In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:

The Balene is a fishe great and huge, much like to the Whale, and is so called, because of his outcasting and shedding of water, for they throwe water higher then other great fishes of the sea.

1572, John Bossewell, Workes of Armorie:


pantomime

约17世纪，源自拉丁語 pantomīmus，源自古希臘語 παντόμιμος (pantómimos)，源自πᾶς (pâs, “全”) + μιμέομαι (miméomai, “模仿”)。

滑稽哑剧演员 （自17世纪）

[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone.

1865, Edward Burnett Tylor, Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization

一种面向儿童的童话剧 （自18世纪）

With the Stoke supporters jeering Ziv's every subsequent touch, the pantomime atmosphere created by the home crowd reached a crescendo when Ziv was shown a straight red shortly after the break in extraordinary circumstances.

2011 October 20, Michael da Silva, “Stoke 3 - 0 Macc Tel-Aviv”, 出自 BBC Sport:

滑稽哑剧 （自18世纪）

A staid, steadfast man, whose life for the most part was a telling pantomime of action, and not a tame chapter of sounds.

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, chapter 26

In pantomime, Chief Joyi would fling his spear and creep along the veld as he narrated the victories and defeats.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 26:


populace

common people, hoi polloi, masses, people, rabble, riff-raff

The populace despised their ignorant leader.

民眾鄙視他們愚昧的領導者。

Throughout the 1500s, the populace roiled over a constellation of grievances of which the forest emerged as a key focal point. The popular late Middle Ages fictional character Robin Hood, dressed in green to symbolize the forest, dodged fines for forest offenses and stole from the rich to give to the poor. But his appeal was painfully real and embodied the struggle over wood.

2006, Edwin Black, 章號 2, 出自 Internal Combustion:

Thomas Brassey (1805-70) should be equally famous, yet he is unknown to swathes of the greater populace. His plaque is at Chester.

2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Chester (1848)”, 出自 RAIL, 期 947，頁號 57:


bubbly

We're getting married–this calls for a bottle of bubbly!

我们要结婚啦！开一瓶香槟庆祝一下！

“[…] Maybe some bubbly for the ladies, since we just bought the house of life, and break camp . . . since they are very appreciative that things got wrapped up so fast.”

2007, L. A. Banks, The Cursed, St. Martin's Griffin, →ISBN:


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía, “褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō, “誹謗”)。

cursing, cussing, execration, imprecation, profanity, swearing

profanation, desecration, sacrilege, violation

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920, John Rougier Cohu, The Bible and Modern Thought，頁號 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979, Monty Python's Life of Brian, 角色 Matthias（John Young）:

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?

Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC，PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009, Francis, Business Ethics, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁號 139:

對不可侵犯事物的不敬行為

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999, American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers:

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004, Touring Club of Italy, The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting, Touring Editore, →ISBN，頁號 149:

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015, Benjamin V. Root, Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁號 89:


piety

源自中古英語 piete，借自中古法語 pieté，源自拉丁語 pietās。参见同源对似词pietà和pity。

Colleen's piety led her to make sacrifices that most people would not have made.

Colleen的虔诚使她做出了大部分人不会做出的牺牲。

(对父母的) 孝顺；顾家；(对国家的) 忠诚

不假思索而产生的虔诚的观念


bureaucracy

bureau + -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

2021 December 29, Philip Haigh, “Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, 出自 RAIL, 期 947，頁號 25:

At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.

当时，政府用官僚制取代了公务员队伍中的赞助制。

The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)

官僚机构正在扩大，以满足不断扩大的官僚体制的需要。

The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, 出自 Rail，頁號 35:


relish

变换自reles (“气味，味道，回味”)，源自古法語 relais、reles (“残留物”)，源自relaisser (“残留”)。

A Laplander or Negro has no notion of the relish of wine.

1748. David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 12.

Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained / From this delightful fruit, nor known till now / True relish, tasting.

每当我们有意避开这令人愉快的果子的时候，我们就在失去这样的享乐，如果不品尝，直到现在也不会知道真正的滋味。

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

One of the first acts which he was under the necessity of performing must have been painful to a man of so generous a nature, and of so keen a relish for whatever was excellent in arts and letters.

1849, Thomas Macaulay, History of England, Chapter 11:

I have a relish for moderate praise, because it bids fair to be judicious.

1785, William Cowper, letter to the Rev. John Newton (dated December 10, 1785)

Jews and Israel are not synonymous; nor is support for Palestine synonymous with anti-Semitism; nor is questioning the orthodoxy of the Republican party, which the majority of us do with relish, an insult to Jewry.

2019 July 17, Talia Lavin, “When Non-Jews Wield Anti-Semitism as Political Shield”, 出自 GQ:

（用蔬菜或水果制作的）佐料

Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosher dogs and spiced dogs – topped with every imaginable condiment – hot mustard, sweet mustard, jalapenos, spaghetti sauce, regular relish, corn relish, maple syrup salsa and the secret sauce of Rep. Jack Kingston (R-Ga.). ("If I told you the recipe," an aide explained, "I'd have to shoot you.")

1994 July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, 出自 Los Angeles Times:

在木制框架中，榫頭側面或周圍的凸起或肩部，位於榫頭上。


reparation

/ˌɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/


retribution

源自拉丁語 retribuō (“偿还”)。

/ˌɹɛtɹɪˈbjuʃən/

（出于道德或报复的）惩罚，惩处

Whereas retribution focuses on the offender's wrong, retaliation focuses on the impulse of the victim (or of those who sympathize with him) to strike back at the offender.

1983, Richard A. Posner, The economics of justicem p.208:

1. Revenge is for an injury; retribution is for a wrong.

1999, Barbara Hanawalt, Medieval crime and social control, p.73:


paradox

源自中古法語 paradoxe，源自拉丁語 paradoxum，源自古希臘語 παράδοξος (parádoxos, “意外的，奇怪的”)。

"This sentence is false" is a paradox.

“这句话是假的”是悖论。

According to one version of an ancient paradox, an Athenian is supposed to say "I am a liar." It is then argued that if the statement is true, then he is telling the truth, and is therefore not a liar […]

1962, Abraham Wolf, Textbook of Logic，頁號 255:

反常结果，意外结果，似非而是的事实

It is an interesting paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.

喝很多水会意外地让你很渴。

The most fundamental paradox is that if we're never to use force, we must be prepared to use it and to use it successfully.

1983 May 21, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address:

Not having a fashion is a fashion; that's a paradox.

不随时尚就是一种时尚，真是矛盾。

How quaint the ways of Paradox! / At common sense she gaily mocks! / Though counting in the usual way years twenty-one I've been alive, / Yet reck'ning by my natal day, / Yet reck'ning by my natal day, / I am a little boy of five!

1879, W. S. Gilbert, “The Pirates of Penzance”, 出自 The Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan, 出版於 1941:

He is a paradox; you would not expect him in that political party.

他这个人真是矛盾，怎么就进了那个政党。

You are a paradox of bitch and angel.

1999, Virginia Henley, A Year and a Day, →ISBN，頁號 315:

And only by dismantling our preconceptions of age can we be free to understand the paradox: How young are the old?

1994, James Joseph Pirkl, Transgenerational Design, →ISBN，頁號 3:

Ay, truly; for the power of beauty will sooner / transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the / force of honesty can translate beauty into his / likeness: this was sometime a paradox, but now the / time gives it proof.

1594, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act III:

they contended to make that Maxim, that there is no faith to be held with Infidels, a meere and absurd Paradox [...].

1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia, Richmond, 出版於 1957，頁號 3:

The need for paradox is no doubt rooted deep in the very nature of the use we make of language.

1906, Richard Holt Hutton, Brief Literary Criticisms，頁號 40:

Thus, like modern disputants, they aimed either to confute the respondent or to land him in paradox.

1866, Edward Poste, Aristotle on Fallacies, Or, The Sophistici Elenchi, translationAristotle所著的原著，頁號 43:

逆反心理指示 （心理治疗师给出的希望患者不遵从或无法遵从的指示）

Defiance-based paradox is employed so that the family will actively oppose and deliberately sabotage the prescription.

1988, Martin Lakin, Ethical Issues in the Psychotherapies, →ISBN，頁號 103:


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986, R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner, Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:

塗奶油的動作 滑雪者在特技飛行中做出塗抹奶油的動作 僅用滑雪板或單板的尖端（尾部或頭部）轉彎的動作


braille

正體： 盲人點字法［電子計算機］


bouillon

首次可考于1656年，源自法語 bouillon，源自动词bouillir (“煮沸”)，源自古法語 boillir，源自拉丁語 bullīre，bulliō (“煮沸”)的现在主动不定式，源自bulla (“气泡”)。


bullion

源自中古英語 bulloin、bullioun，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 bullion，其词源不详，可能源自法語 bouillon，自“熔化”一意引申而来。中古荷蘭語 boelioen (“贱金属”)可能源自无关的法語 billon。

（肩章等上面的，贵金属制的）弯曲边缘

The hair was plaited with bullion and red riband, and then wound round the head, something after the fashion of a turban, save that it entirely displayed the forehead.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXII, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁號 257:


blossom

源自中古英語 blosme，源自古英語 blostm、blostma，源自原始日耳曼語 *blōsmaz（对比西弗里斯蘭語 blossem、荷蘭語 bloesem），*blōstaz（对比德語 Blust）的加长形式，源自原始印歐語 *bʰleh₃-s- (“花”)，源自*bʰleh₃- (“绽，盛开”)。同源词有阿爾巴尼亞語 bleron (“绽放，繁盛”)、拉丁語 flōs (“花”)、Flōra (“植物之神”)。详见blow的词源4。

花 （尤指果树结果前盛开的花）； （这种花的）花簇

The blossom has come early this year.

Foppiſh and fantaſtick Ornaments are only Indications of Vice, not criminal in themſelves. Extinguiſh Vanity in the Mind, and you naturally retrench the little Superfluities of Garniture and Equipage. The Bloſſoms will fall of themſelves, when the Root that nouriſhes them is deſtroyed.

1711 March 16, The Spectator, 卷 I, 期 16, London: Printed for S[amuel] Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC，頁號 89:

The orchard is in blossom.

This beauty, in the blossom of my youth, / When my first fire knew no adulterate incense, / Nor I no way to flatter, but my fondness; / [...] long did I love this lady, / Long was my travail, long my trade to win her; / With all the duty of my soul, I served her.

c. 1619–1622, Philip Massinger, “A Very Woman”, 出自 Three New Playes: viz. The Bashful Lover, Guardian, Very Woman. As They have been Often Acted at the Private-house in Black-Friers, by His Late Majesties Servants, with Great Applause, London: Printed for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Prince's Arms in St. Pauls Church-yard, 出版於 1655, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii; 再版為 W[illiam] Gifford 編, The Plays of Philip Massinger, in Four Volumes. With Notes Critical and Explanatory, 卷 IV, London: Printed for G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol [et al.] by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1805, →OCLC，頁號 317:

混杂有栗色或棕色的白色 （指马的毛色）

For colour he [Nobs, a horse] was neither black-bay, brown-bay, dapple-bay, black-grey, iron-grey, sad-grey, branded-grey, sandy-grey, dapple-grey, silver-grey, dun, mouse-dun, flea-backed, flea-bitten, rount, blossom, roan, pye-bald, rubican, sorrel, cow-coloured sorrel, bright sorrel, burnt sorrel, starling-colour, tyger-colour, wolf-colour, deer-colour, cream-colour, white, grey, or black. Neither was he green, like the horse which the Emperor [Septimus] Severus took from the Parthians, [...]

1834–1847, Robert Southey, “A Feeble Attempt to Describe the Physical and Moral Qualities of Nobs”, 出自 John Wood Warter 編, The Doctor, &c., London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, →OCLC; new版, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1862, →OCLC，頁號 358，列號 2:


bravado

源自法語 bravade (“自夸”)，源自意大利語 bravata，源自动词bravare (“自夸”)，源自bravo。

/bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/

The angry customer stood in the middle of the showroom and voiced his complaints with loud bravado.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

For a bravado he had the organ taken down and conveyed to his father's house, where he had it put up in the chamber where it now stands. It was also for a bravado that he played on it every day. But, by−and−by, the amount of time which he spent at it daily began to increase rapidly.

1891, Rosa Mulholland, The Haunted Organist of Hurly Burly，頁號 12:

Songs like "Hey Bobby", and "Do Ya" drip with innuendo and sexual bravado.

1990 Amy Longsdorf, K.T. Oslin: Personality, Wit and Style To Spare", The Morning Callhttp://articles.mcall.com/1990-08-11/entertainment/2758085_1_oslin-country-music-kt

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019 May 12, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:

The rise of SOS devices – satellite-synched gadgets that send a signal to rescue agencies when activated – give people bravado, Estrada says. “A lot of people carry these SOS devices and they think they can get into any trouble and they can get help,” he says, adding that he has seen more requests for assistance recently.

2023 February 11, Katharine Gammon, “A mountain of trouble? The draw – and danger – of California’s Mount Baldy”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:

No doubt there is fear despite the bravado, but there is also no significant loss of Ukrainian military cohesion.

2023 April 2, Dan Sabbagh, Ed Ram, “Surrounded and outgunned, Ukraine’s tank crews prepare for battle of Bakhmut”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


penitence

首次可考于约13世纪，源自中古英語 penitence，源自古法語 penitence，源自拉丁語 paenitentia (“忏悔”)，源自paenitēns (“忏悔的”)，paeniteō (“后悔，忏悔”)的现在主动分词。等价于penitent + -ence。penance的同源對似詞。


penchant

借自法語 penchant，pencher (“偏，倾向”)的现在分词，源自中古法語，源自古法語 pengier (“偏倚”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *pendicāre，派生自拉丁語 pendere (“挂”)。

He has a penchant for fine wine.

Marie even then began the course which, in after-years, secured her so vast an influence in the court,—alternately taking up and laying down her claim to the youthful monarch's penchant; administering to his amusement, and ready to encourage his passing fancies.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXII, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁號 264:

THE LONDON & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. By O. S. Nock. Ian Allan. 30s.

[...] One scarcely imagined, for example, that the great steel works at Crewe owed its existence to Sir Richard Moon's penchant for the principle of "Do it yourself", a principle born of a methodical, economical and far-seeing mind.

1960 October, “New reading on railways”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，頁號 640:

I said I've got a penchant for smokes and kicking douches in the mouth / Sadly for you my last cigarette's gone out
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2019, Idles, "Never Fight a Man With a Perm", Joy as an Act of Resistance.

Just like Marple, there's a plaque at the London terminus [Paddington] commemorating a fictional character - a polite, friendly little bear from darkest Peru who has a penchant for marmalade sarnies.

2021 September 22, Stephen Roberts, “The writings on the wall...”, 出自 RAIL, 期 940，頁號 74:


brume

借自法語 brume，源自拉丁語 brūma (“冬至；冬天；冬天的寒冷”)。brūma派生自brevima、brevissima (“最短的”)，brevis (“短暂的”)的最高级（因为每年的冬至日白天最短），最终源自原始印歐語 *mréǵʰus (“短暂的”)。

For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.

1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, 出自 Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart（譯者）, The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , 卷 2, Navarre Society, 出版於 1921，頁號 438:

All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.

1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch，頁號 77:


potation

源自中古英語 potacion，源自古法語 potacion，源自拉丁語 pōtātiō。

[…] perhaps his nocturnal potations, prevented him from recognizing accents which were tolerably familiar to him—[…]

1820, 沃尔特·司各特, 章號 VI, 出自 艾凡赫, 卷 II, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，頁號 90:

For as this is the Liquor of modern Hiſtorians, nay, perhaps their Muſe, if we may believe the Opinion of Butler, who attributes Inſpiration to Ale, it ought likewiſe to be the Potation of their Readers; ſince every Book ought to be read with the ſame Spirit, and in the ſame Manner, as it is writ.

1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing five Pages of Paper”, 出自 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book IV，頁號 2:


pitching

wild pitching in baseball

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones

c. 1874, Henry Mayhew, London Characters:

鋪設在岸上的石頭飾面，以防止潮汐或水流的磨損


predilection

The young King looked tenderly at Mademoiselle Mancini, who gave him a glance quite as tender in return—not, however, unobserved. His mother had been for some time past a displeased spectator of a predilection which might become dangerous.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁號 219:

American operating practice aims at the minimum wastage of time by locomotives at water columns and coal stages, and this predilection for shunters with high capacity tenders is thereby explained.

1941 November, “Notes and News: American Tank Locomotives”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 523:

It was an illusion, of course, generated by Clevinger's predilection for staring fixedly at one side of a question and never seeing the other side at all.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Lieutenant Scheisskopf”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁號 66:

The appointment as Member of the B.T.C. with "special responsibility for railway workshops" of Sir Steuart Mitchell is in accordance with Mr. Marples' predilection for non-railwaymen in the highest posts.

1962 April, “Talking of Trains: 源自guided weapons to the B.T.C.”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 221:

A row of houses he regards as a row of necessary evils. The softening and degeneration of the human race he attributes to its progressive predilection for interiors and waning interest in the art of going out and staying there.

1967, Flann O’Brien, The Third Policeman, ch. 2,

But for him the first rule of judging was to set aside personal predilection and vote the law and the facts.

1987, Edwin M. Yoder Jr., "Lewis Powell a Fine Sense of Balance," Washington Post, 29 Jun.,

... youth’s predilection for revolt.

2000, Terry McCarthy, "Lost Generation," Time Asia, 23 Oct.,

Wilson doesn’t see any inconsistency between his socialism and his predilection for the high life.

2001, Marina Cantacuzino, "On deadly ground," The Guardian, 13 Mar.,


platitude

源自法語 platitude，源自plat (“平的”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *plattus，源自古希臘語 πλᾰτῠ́ς (platús)。

Beauty, I suppose, opens the heart, extends the consciousness. It is a platitude, of course.

1918, Algernon Blackwood, 章號 XI, 出自 The Garden of Survival:

Semiramis was the first woman to invent eunuchs and women have had sympathy for them ever since; […] and women can tell them what they can't tell other men. And Ivor, suddenly cheered by laughing at his absurd platitudes, and finding himself by the door, was going from the room.

1922, Michael Arlen, “2/1/2”, 出自 “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

For most of the past three decades, the natural world was treated almost as an afterthought by world leaders. If discussed at all, it was with platitudes about the need to save polar bears and tigers.

2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, 出自 The Guardian:

显而易见的事，不言自明的事 （过于显然而无趣的事）

The synthesis which he helped to effect was so successful that this aspect of his work escaped notice in the last century: all that Britomart stands for was platitude to our fathers. It is platitude no longer.

1963, James R. Kreuzer, Lee Cogan, Modern Writings on Major English Authors, Ardent Media，頁號 109:

After explaining myself sufficiently, I now offer my own platitude: I believe that the institution of the cabaret has the right to exist only so long as it bears the character of dilettantism and improvisation.

1993, Harold B. Segel, The Vienna Coffeehouse Wits, 1890-1938, Purdue University Press, →ISBN，頁號 210:

Indeed, in the ownership scenario the idealization is supported in a much thinner manner: we start with a platitude that characterizes individuals as coowners (that they are de facto seen as either property holders themselves or otherwise as […]

2012 September 16, Mathias Risse, On Global Justice, Princeton University Press, →ISBN，頁號 149:

The former figures the typical prairie landscape-poet who who stops at the correction line (which itself literally denies the platitude of flatness) to notice the ever-present wind.

1992, Ed Jewinski, Andrew Stubbs, The Politics of Art: Eli Mandel's Poetry and Criticism，頁號 31:

With the photograph, we enter into flat death. One day, leaving one of my classes, someone said to me with disdain, "You talk about death very flatly." — As if the horror of Death were not precisely its platitude!

2001, Elissa Marder, Dead Time: Temporal Disorders in the Wake of Modernity，頁號 87:

Though we do not have a traditional correspondence theory, which sets up a structural similarity relation between statements and facts, we have the truth of sentences determined by word-to-world relations, in particular, relations between linguistic items and objects. This reflects the platitude behind correspondence, but the Tarskian appartatus gives the platitude more substance.

2013, Ernest Lepore, Kirk Ludwig, A Companion to Donald Davidson:

seemly platitude, flat-footed ordinariness, and well-enacted upper working class respectability cancel out any turpitude, exhilarating tension or satanic glamour a casino might be expected to have.

After a passage of what we feel to be true poetry, there follows, inevitably, a passage of platitude which no critical pre-judgment can force us to admire;

1984, Library of America, Edgar Allan Poe, Gary Richard Thompson, Essays and Reviews，頁號 71:

Of the true steady-going German nature the bane is, as I remarked, flat commonness; there seems no end to its capacity for platitude; it has neither the quick perception of the Celt to save it from platitude, nor the strenuousness of the Norman;

2001, Daniel R. Davis, Matthew Arnold, On the study of celtic literature，頁號 127:

More damning, this 'flat-pack kit' causes us to decline into platitude and predictablity, denies us from real political intellectual purchase and, as result, standard theoretical ideas become our ideological comforters.

2014, Hester du Plessis, Jeffrey Sehume, Leonard Martin, Concept and Application of Transdisciplinarity in Intellectual Discourse and Research，頁號 29:


air space

At that point there was little if anything that could have been done to save the six miners—drilling ultimately determined that the tunnel where the men were presumed trapped had only a half-foot of air space left.

2005, Paul Foy, "Year after Utah mine collapse, many failures clear," FOXnew.com (retrieved 30 July 2010):


paparazzi

paparazzo的复数形式的重新解读，它才是意大利語的标准单数形。

The job of a paparazzi is, roughly, to ‘reveal the truth’ about the rich and the famous.

1997, Eeva Joniken, Soile Veijola, “The Disoriented Tourist: The Figuration of the Tourist in Contemporary Cultural Critique”, 出自 Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory, Routledge, →ISBN，頁號 46:

A paparazzi is investigating the lives of a Royal couple.

2000, David Naccache, Michael Tunstall, “How to Explain Side-Channel Leakage to Your Kids”, 出自 Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems — CHES 2000, Springer, →ISBN，頁號 229:

What if someone I know sees me? Or what if a paparazzi is lurking somewhere?

2005, Jude Idada, “Ouch!”, 出自 A Box of Chocolates, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 221:

“Tell Page that PAPARAZZI is here, in my apartment. And then tell her that their offices are right across from us …”

1989, Carol Muske-Dukes, Dear Digby, Viking, →ISBN，頁號 148:

Rather, the business paparazzi is armoring itself for a backlash campaign against the entrepreneurial big mouths.

2001, Geert Lovink, “The Rise and Fall of Dotcom Mania”, 出自 Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture, MIT Press, 出版於 2002, →ISBN，頁號 354:

Nelishia—You are a special lady with an enormous heart with skills that are off the chains!!! You go girl!!! A definite multi-tasking Diva!! Get your Chanel shades paparazzi is lurking…lol

2006, Kisha Green, And Even If I Did, iUniverse, →ISBN，頁號 vi:


power

源自中古英語 power、poer，源自古法語 poeir，源自通俗拉丁語 *potēre，源自拉丁語 possum、posse (“能够”)，见potent。对比法語 pouvoir。取代了古英語原生词汇anweald。

If it is spirits who have power to suffer, it seems they would also have active powers to think and will.

2018, Marilyn McCord Adams, Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God (page 74)

影响力，势力 影响力，控制力

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 III, London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book iii:

“[…] That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. […]”

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 4, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Past and future obviously have no reality of their own. Just as the moon has no light of its own, but can only reflect the light of the sun, so are past and future only pale reflections of the light, power, and reality of the eternal present.

影响力，势力 权力，势力

The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. … We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.

1949, Eric Blair, aka George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four

In the face of expanding federal power, California in particular struggled to maintain control over its Chinese population.

It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8848:

影响力，势力 政权，当局

影响力，势力 影响力巨大的集体，如强国，大型企业等

Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.

2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 10，頁號 8:

He needed a lot of power to hit the ball out of the stadium.

他需要很大力量才能将球打出体育馆。

After the pylons collapsed, this town was without power for a few days.

输电塔塌了以后，这个镇子已经停电好几天了。

“My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year. […]”

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8845:

效率，效果 （电的）功率

We need a microscope with higher power.

我们需要一个倍数更高的显微镜。

Don't you mind my snuffling a little—becuz we're in a power of trouble.


郵票

/joʊ̯³⁵ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ pʰiːu̯³³/

/iu³⁵ pʰiɛu²¹³/

/i̯u¹¹ pʰi̯au̯⁵⁵/

/iu²⁴⁻²² pʰio²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² pʰio⁴¹/

/iu¹³⁻²² pʰio²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰio¹¹/

/iu²³⁻³³ pʰiɤ²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰie²¹³/, /iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰio²¹³/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/ɦiɤ²² pʰiɔ⁴⁴/

黏貼在信件上面的印花紙片，作為已繳納郵費的憑證。(分類詞：枚 官)


simplification

正體: 簡化[電子計算機]


atresia

借自拉丁語 atresia，源自古希臘語 ἀ- (a-, “不，無”) + τρῆσις (trêsis, “貫穿，貫通”)。

閉鎖（身體通道異常關閉或缺失）


Linux

Linus + Unix組成的混成詞，以開發者Linus Torvalds的名字來命名。

開源類Unix電腦操作系統內核

使用Linux作為內核的操作系統


apoptosis

來自古希臘語 ἀπόπτωσις (apóptōsis, “脫落”)，來自ἀπό (apó, “遠離”) + πτῶσις (ptôsis, “脫落”)。

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.

1972, J. F. R. Kerr, A. H. Wyllie, A. R. Currie, “Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics”, 出自 British journal of cancer, 卷 26, →DOI:

Indeed, so important is apoptosis that it is gradually becoming clear that almost all therapeutic cancer treatment works only because it induces apoptosis by alerting p53 and its colleagues.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 238:

Apoptosis is routine in developmental processes such as the removal of webbing between fingers in humans, the loss of tadpole tails in amphibians, and insect metamorphosis.

2011, Terence Allen and Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 74:


skunk

來自skunkweed (“氣味濃烈的大麻”)。

大麻和印度大麻的一個雜交品種，其四氫大麻酚的含量可能超過一般大麻的含量。


fucking

性交 （尤指没有感情的性交）

I got a good fucking out of her, but I doubt we'll have another date.

我幹她幹得很爽，但是估计以后约都不会再约了。

Like the French fool, that wanders up and down

c 1674, John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, A Satyr on Charles II

I took a real fucking on the interest rate for that loan.

那个贷款的利率真是要把我搞死了。


ROM

模擬時使用唯讀記憶體（如遊戲卡帶）的軟體影像


idle time

同類詞： downtime、unproductive time


pagination

/ˌpædʒəˈneɪʃən/

正體: 編頁[電子計算機]


路徑

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯²² kɪŋ³³/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ¹¹/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/lou¹¹ kẽ²¹³/

往來的道路；途徑 (分類詞：條／条 官)


bioavailability

生物利用度 食物與營養補充品中所含營養素的吸收程度

poor/low oral bioavailability

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


color temperature

The typical color temperature of a standard incandescent lamp is about 2400 K.

标准白炽灯的典型色温约为2400K。


annealing

Without annealing, the quality of our metal products will diminish.

如果不进行退火，我们的金属产品质量就会下降。


depolarization

降低極性的行為或結果： 去極化

降低極性的行為或結果： 減少政治兩極化

同類詞： deradicalization


rise time

同類詞： fall time


read-only memory

mask read-only memory, masked read-only memory


鞋子

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/haːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/ɦa²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

鞋

北海（僑港 — 姑蘇群島）

北海（僑港 — 吉婆島）

鞋；鞋類 (分類詞：隻／只 官; 雙／双 官)


百褶裙

ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ, ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

байчжэцюнь (bajčžɛcjunʹ)

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵/

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

байчжэцюнь (bajčžɛcjunʹ)

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵/

現代標準漢語, 台灣標準

/paːk̚³ t͡siːp̚³ kʷʰɐn²¹/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ t͡siʔ²⁻⁴ kuŋ⁵⁵/

裙體打了很多垂直方向褶子的裙子(分類詞：條／条 官)


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

勝利 （在電子游戲中擊敗對手后發出的感嘆。）


研究

調查(分類詞：項／项 官)

做一項研究

做一项研究

可行性研究


slosh

一些（液体，比splash多）

Shoes and socks, soaked and frozen in the mud and icy slosh, did little to protect their feet.

2012, Cathy Gohlke, Promise Me This (page 299)

In the Midi, Grenache dominates most of the traditional appellations. Corbières, Minervois, Fitou, Faugères — these were once bywords for rough-and-ready red slosh.

2005, Stuart Walton, Understanding, Choosing, and Enjoying Wine (page 86)

Finally they retired, did you not? said Tetty.
We did indeed, said Goff, we retired to the billiard-room, for a game of slosh.


Faraday

法拉第， 源自愛爾蘭語的姓氏。

麥可·法拉第（Michael Faraday），英國化學家、物理學家


sampling error

抽樣誤差，取樣誤差，采样误差


bulk cargo

bulk cargoes (plural)
bulk cargos (plural)

Almost all modern cranes are electrically operated and a quick-acting type of 30 cwt. capacity is suitable for general cargo, but not powerful enough to operate grabs for discharge of bulk cargoes.

1945 January and February, T. F. Cameron, “Dock Working”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 11:


blow-by

從引擎洩漏至汽缸的未完全/完全燃燒的氣體


boiling point

/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

Although the encounter was bathed in sunshine, the match failed to reach boiling point but that will be of little concern to Gerard Houllier's team, who took a huge step forward before they face crucial matches against their relegation rivals.

2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, 出自 BBC Sport:


cast steel

同類詞： cast iron、cast aluminum、cast bronze、cast brass

同類詞： blister steel

CAST STEEL / A search for metals of lighter, and more durable qualities than iron led to a new process in producing steel. In 1740 Benjamin Huntsman, a watchmaker, searching for a lighter, and less brittle metal than the old blister steel, hit upon melting steel in a crucible, or in a pot, lined with clay and graphite. The crucible could withstand the high temperatures necessary to melt metals in a container. To the product of the crucible was given the name "cast steel." [because it was poured (cast) from a melted state, unlike blister steel] / A DISTINCTION OF TERMS / Readers are cautioned at this point to understand that the terms "cast steel" and "steel castings" are not interchangeable, and, in fact, bear very little relationship to each other. It is true that steel castings must be made of "cast steel," but not all "cast steel" goes into the manufacture of steel castings. "Cast steel" merely describes the mass of metal which, after being melted, is poured into a mold of one sort or another, whether steel ingot molds or castings. Steel castings are objects which are given their final form in sand-filled molds. "Cast steel" may be poured into molds to form steel castings but it may also find its way, eventually, into structural steel, rolled steel or forgings; steel castings are the products of the steel foundry.

1949, History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, 編者AD Graeff AD, A History of Steel Casting, District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁號s 5–6:

Several journals make a note of the fact that the William Butcher Steel Works supplied 3000 tons of cast steel for the building of the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, and the content of the statements may lead readers to assume that these were steel castings. In the opinion of Mr. John N. Mudd, historian of the Midvale Steel Company, the materials furnished the bridge builders in St. Louis were cast steel and not steel castings.

1949, History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, 編者AD Graeff, A History of Steel Casting, District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁號s 8–9:


tarpaulin

/ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/


starboard

源自中古英語 sterbord、stere-bourd、stere-burd，源自古英語 stēorbord，源自原始西日耳曼語 *steurubord，等价于steer + board (“船的一侧”)，指古时船只舵桨放在右侧（来方便右撇子船员），此时船只需要以左侧靠岸，否则会被右侧的舵桨挡住，这也是现在左侧被称为port的原因。

right

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

port

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

backboard

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

larboard

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

leeboard

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

left

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

（船舶、航空器等的）右侧，右舷

I see another vessel off the starboard side.

我从右舷看到了另一艘船。

We're on starboard tack, so the other boat has to give way.

我们现在右舷受风，所以另外那艘船得让路。


algal bloom

藻華，藻類與其他水生植物因污染所造成之快速過量的生長。


von Neumann architecture

同類詞： Harvard architecture


heavy metal

重金屬（比重接近或高於5.0的金屬）


stormwater

Community groups have collected 12,000 signatures demanding that New York City permanently lower the levels of the Cannonsville, Pepacton and Neversink Reservoirs to 80 percent of capacity so that stormwater runoff can have a place to go rather than charging down the river in flash floods.

2007 October 2, Anthony Depalma, “City Agrees to Help Regulate Delaware River by Releasing Water From Reservoirs”, 出自 New York Times:


toner

調色劑，用於調整染髮後的髮色


cryptomaterial

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

正體: 密碼材料[電子計算機]


anticipation

源自中古英語 anticipacioun，源自拉丁語 anticipātiō, anticipātiōnem。


ARM

availability, reliability, maintainability (“可用性，可靠性和可維護性”)的合稱。


hyphenation

（尤指正確地）使用連字號，用連字號連接

Print the article without hyphenation if you're not sure where to put them.

若您不確定應在何處使用連字號，請在不使用之的情況下打印文章。


computus

借自拉丁語 computus。conto的同源對似詞。

An elaborate bundle of techniques called computus therefore developed around Easter calculations. Computus formed the centerpiece of “scientific” education in the monasteries.

2008, Ian F. McNeely, Lisa Wolverton, Reinventing Knowledge: From Alexandria to the Internet，頁號 68:

Bede's work, which remained in active use for half a millennium, stood at the very center of the university curriculum, because the mastery of computus included many different essential subjects such as astronomy, mathematics, geography, theology, and law; its applications, too, included medicine and agriculture.

2011, Elisheva Carlbach, Palaces of Time，頁號 11:

The technical problems faced by Western computists when it came to dating the day of Christ's Passion and the year of the world's creation were so persistent and perplexing that only a radical solution could restore the lost coherence of computus and chronography.

2011, C. Philipp E. Nothaft, Dating the Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200-1600)，頁號 103:

一本用於計算天文事件和可移動節日日期的表格

This computus also contains only one completed Plinian diagram, that for the planetary harmonic intervals.

1987, Bruce Eastwood, 5: Plinian astronomical diagrams in the early Middle Ages, Edward Grant, John Emery Murdoch, Mathematics and Its Applications to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages, page 149,

Prognostics have thus been discovered in computi, in volumes on science or medicine, and in miscellanies which present a host of different text genres.

2007, László Sándor Chardonnens, Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts，頁號 25:


triangulation

People determining the width of a river by triangulation (sense 1):Template:refn
A triangulation (sense 4) of the surface of a torus
源自中世紀拉丁語 triangulātiōnem (“三角化”)，來自triangulāre (“分成三角形”) + -tiōnem (後綴，形成某些行為或行為結果有關的名詞)。Triangulāre源自triangulāris (“三角形的”)，來自triangulus (“三角形的；三角形”)，來自trēs (“三”) + angulus (“角；角落”)。英語單詞可分析為triangulate + -ion，與法語 triangulation同源。

/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/

/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/

三角測量； 使用這種技術的實例

The season of 1835–36 was employed in carrying on the triangulation; in which Colonel [George] Everest was much impeded by a long continuance of hazy and cloudy weather. It appears, however, that the principal triangulation was brought down to the line from Juktipura to Pagara; […]

1839 June 14, T. B. Jervis, “IV. Some Account of the Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey Now Carrying On in India. Extracted from the Correspondence of Colonel Everest, and Communicated by Major T. B. Jervis.”, 出自 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, […], 卷 IV, 期 24, London: Printed by Moyes and Barclay, […], →OCLC，頁號 208:

Russia began under Catherine II, and has since constantly either taken up at different points or extended the triangulations successively made, with always more perfection of men of science. Now, these triangulations form a fully connected series from north of the arctic circle to south of Dorpat.

1843 February 9, John B. Aycrigg, “Notes”, 出自 Report of John B. Aycrigg, (Made to the House of Representatives on the 9th February, 1843,) Submitted as an Individual Member of the Committee on the Coast Survey, […] (Report No. 170), Washington, D.C.: Printed at the National Intelligencer Office, 出版於 19 February 1843, →OCLC, note 19，頁號s 32–33:

The original base lines, which form the starting points of the survey, require to be measured by apparatus of the most delicate nature, since any error, committed in the early part of this work, will necessarily be multiplied throughout the series of triangulations which rest upon it. […] Nor is less precision necessary in the measurement of the angles of the primary and secondary triangulations, which serve as checks upon each other, since the position of any point in the former is determined by each of these series.

1849 January–March, “Stated Meeting, January 19”, 出自 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, […], 卷 V, 期 42, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the [American Philosophical] Society, [b]y John C. Clark, […], 出版於 1854, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號s 57–58:

使用三角測量得到的網狀圖，是航圖或地圖的基礎

[…] I have placed myself in communication with the Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of considering the steps necessary to be taken to effect the connexion required, between the triangulation of Great Britain and that of Belgium. […] I have also placed myself in communication with General Nerenburger, Director of the Dêpot de la Guerre at Brussels, and have received from him the diagram of the Belgian triangulation, with descriptions of the stations with which it is necessary to connect our triangulation, and we possess a copy of the triangulation of France.

1860 November 29, Henry James, “Appendix. [Official Correspondence, Letter C.]”, 出自 Extension of the Triangulation of the Ordnance Survey into France and Belgium […], London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 出版於 1863, →OCLC, paragraphs 1–2，頁號s 57–58:

[page 76] At this point, it may be useful to refer to a word that has been used in connection with earlier examples. The King has been said to indulge in a process called Triangulation. The word is harder than the idea. The basic fact is that the King can move to an adjacent square in one move, two moves or three moves, without returning to its point of origin. […] [page 77] This diagram […] shows a position where the triangulation is vital.

1961, Gerald Abrahams, “Kings and Ascending Pawns”, 出自 Technique in Chess, London: G[eorge] Bell and Sons, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1973, →ISBN，頁號s 76 and 77:

將平面物體細分為三角形，進而使更高維度的幾何物體變為單體

Regular triangulations are a class in-between lifting and lexicographic triangulations. Their main draw-back in the context of this paper is that regularity depends on the specific realization and not only on the oriented matroid.

2002 March, Francisco Santos, “Triangulations of Oriented Matroids”, 出自 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 卷 156, 期 741, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, chapter 5 (Lifting Triangulations)，頁號 59:

A triangulation of a point configuration #x5C;mathbf#x7B;A#x7D;#x5C;in#x5C;mathbb#x7B;R#x7D;ᵈ is a collection of d-simplices all of whose vertices are points in #x5C;mathbf#x7B;A#x7D; that satisfies the following two properties: 1. The union of all these simplices equals conv(#x5C;mathbf#x7B;A#x7D;). (Union Property) 2. Any pair of these simplices intersects in a common face (possibly empty). (Intersection Property)

2010, Jésus A[ntonio] De Loera, Jörg Rambau, Francisco Santos, “Triangulations in Mathematics”, 出自 Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics; 25), Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, definition 1.0.1，頁號 1:

利用已知地點的三個已知距離找到未知地點的過程

A special advantage of radar is that it works during darkness and other periods of low visibility, which prevent visual triangulation and aircraft techniques for measuring nuclear clouds.

1958 November–December, “News Notes: Army Weather Radar Tracks Nuclear Clouds”, 出自 William H. Zierdt Jr. 編, Armor: The Magazine of Mobile Warfare, 卷 LXVII, 期 6, Washington, D.C.: United States Armor Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 58，列號 2:

在政治光譜上重新定位自己或自己的團隊，試圖抓住中心的做法

Triangulation was a presidential leadership strategy that presented the president as having borrowed elements of both the right and the left to develop some form of center policy amalgam.

2004, Stanley A[llen] Renshon, “The Politics of Transformation”, 出自 In His Father’s Shadow: The Transformations of George W. Bush, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN; paperback版, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, November 2005, →ISBN, section V (A Transforming President in Perspective)，頁號 197:

Increased security for women's health clinics was part of [Bill] Clinton's "third way," a politics of triangulation that moved the Democratic Party closer to the right and embraced neoliberal economic policies while offering comparatively moderate social positions.

2015, Tamar W. Carroll, “It Saved My Life: Creating Queer Politics”, 出自 Mobilizing New York: AIDS, Antipoverty, and Feminist Activism, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN，頁號 181:

One recent attempt to combine both forms of data collection […] was based on a parallel methods approach, in which the results of two similar but separately located studies were triangulated. Triangulation entails overlapping the results at several points to enhance reliability. […] Other documented research has attempted to gain a broader view through the triangulation of two sets of data (quantitative and qualitative) on the same question, taken from the same respondents in a single study.

1999, Carol Grbich, “Qualitative Research: An Introduction”, 出自 Qualitative Research in Health: An Introduction, Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, part 1 (Theory and Design)，頁號s 17–18:

Even though triangulation is used in quantitative paradigm for confirmation and generalization of a research, Barbour (1998) does not disregard the notion of triangulation in qualitative paradigm and she states the need to define triangulation from a qualitative research's perspective in each paradigm. For example, in using triangulation of several data sources in quantitative research, any exception may lead to a disconfirmation of the hypothesis where exceptions in qualitative research are dealt to modify the theories and are fruitful.

2003 December 1, Nahid Golafshani, “Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, 出自 The Qualitative Report, 卷 8, 號 4，頁號 603:

Multiple sources of data were used to create a triangulation of evidence: books, documentation, archival records and relevant publications by key actors, particularly in the development field, open ended interviews, participant-observation conducted during field work and a case study. […] Triangulation was initially conceptualized as a strategy to validating results achieved with individual research methods. The focus of this research strategy, however, has increasingly shifted towards enriching and complementing knowledge and towards expanding and furthering the potential of individual methods.

2014, Alexander Cárdenas, “Introduction”, 出自 Football: Origins, Paths and New Dimensions: Master’s Thesis, [Munich]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, section 1.2 (Research Methods)，頁號 4:


karaoke

/ˈkæ.ɹəˌəʊ.ki/

/kɑːɹɑːˌokeɪ/

/kɑːɹɑːˌokɛ/


discrete time

同類詞： continuous time


lead time

It's an excellent device, but it has a 10-week lead time, so be sure to order it in advance.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

With long lead times in timetable planning WMT [West Midlands Trains] has stated that the earliest it can recast the timetable will be May 2020.

2019 October, “Chase Line service to be split next May”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 17:


Prince of Darkness

仿譯自拉丁語 prīnceps tenebrārum，見於《失樂園》。


serendipity

源自Serendip (“锡兰，斯里兰卡”, Serendib的变体) + -ity。由英国的作家及政治家Horace Walpole在1754造出，基于波斯故事锡兰三王子。据Walpole在给朋友写的信，故事中的王子“总是因偶然和卓识发现新的东西，而这些东西并不是他们一开始所探求的。”

Murphy's law

机缘巧合 （一系列偶然最终带来好的结果）

perfect storm

机缘巧合 （一系列偶然最终带来好的结果）

机缘巧合 （一系列偶然最终带来好的结果）

The most random serendipity brought the two of us together, and now, we are happily married! If I was just 15 seconds slower, I'd have never met her!

1754, Horace Walpole, The Letters of Horace Walpole, vol. 2, Letter 90, To Sir Horace Mann, Arlington Street, Jan. 28, 1754. The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 2

After I got here, in the first lockdown, my mum suddenly passed. It was the week of my final interview with the Mayor. It is serendipity that I am here when my dad really needs me.

2020 December 2, Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton, “I enjoy really big challenges...”, 出自 Rail，頁號 54:

Serendipity is when you find things you weren't looking for because finding what you are looking for is so damn difficult.