equate

源自中古英語 equaten，源自拉丁語 aequātus，aequō的過去分詞。

Mr. Hoyle, who does not believe many multiple-unit diesel services on secondary routes will resist for ever the road transport challenge, would forgo passenger traffic altogether on a little-used route in order to improve the quality of the freight working and reduce its costs by equating the average speed of all trains on the line concerned.

1960 February, “Talking of Trains”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，頁號 67:


bâcler

可能源自不可考的中古法語和古法語 *bâcler、*bacler (“固定，撑开窗户”)。源自通俗拉丁語 *bacculare，源自拉丁語 baculum (“支撑用的棒子”)，源自原始印歐語 *bak-。间接可考作古法語 desbacler (“卸下船只货物来把港口留给满载的入港船”)。
有假说称其源自中古荷蘭語 bakkelen (“强行固定”)，源自bakken (“粘起来”)，但因bakkelen在中古荷蘭語内不可考，且只有在荷蘭語中有“强行固定”的意思，而缺乏说服力。


boire

繼承自中古法語 boire，源自古法語 boivre、beivre，源自拉丁語 bibere，源自原始意大利語 *pibō，源自原始印歐語 *píph₃eti。
简单过去时的重音词干（一单，三单和三复）源自通俗拉丁语完成时词干*būb-（简单过去时古法語 bui），而无重音的简单过去时词干（即除上文外剩下的），虚拟式未完成时和过去分词从-i-发展为了-ū-（*bibūstus → 古法語 beüs、*bibūtum → 古法語 beü）。上面的变位形式后互相合并，但bui被中古法语bus取代了（-s是类比产生的）。
未完成时，现在时（包括虚拟式）的一单、二复，复数命令式和现在分词词干源自古法语无重音词干bev-，其进化为beuv-，然后buv-。

Je rêve de boire à tes mots


find

简体: 查找，搜索[信息科技]

正體: 尋找[自由軟體]

简体: 查找[自由软体]

正體: 尋找[電子計算機]


plight

源自中古英語 plight (“风险，危险”)，源自古英語 pliht (“风险，危险，损坏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *plihti (“照料，责任，职责，使命”)。其一个带后缀形式出现于古英语pleoh (“风险，危险，伤害”，亦“责任”)和plēon (“使...危险，让...冒风险”)。与古英語 plihtan (“使...有风险”)有关。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 plicht (“责任”)、荷蘭語 plicht、低地德語 plicht (“使命”)、德語 Pflicht (“责任，使命”)、丹麥語 pligt (“使命”)、意第緒語 פֿליכט (flikht)。详见pledge。


give up

He was surrounded, so gave himself up.

他被包圍了，所以投降了。

They gave him up to the police.

They gave up the search when it got dark.

天黑了，他們停止了搜索。

He gave up his seat to an old man.

"Dear Miss Woodhouse, I would not give up the pleasure and honour of being intimate with you for any thing in the world."

“親愛的伍德豪斯小姐，跟你在一起又快樂又榮幸，我說什麽也不能離開你。”

They gave him up for dead.

〈喻〉他們認爲他不會出現或到來了。

I gave up my faith years ago.

幾年前我放棄了我的信仰。

代表另一個經紀人執行交易


pun

繼承自中古英語 ponnen、ponen、punen，來自古英語 punian、pūnian (“重擊，毆打，咆哮，輾壓，研磨”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *punōną (“打碎，粉碎”)。參見pound。作為一種文字遊戲，來自"beating"字到位的概念。


abdiquer

借自拉丁語 abdicāre。

Beatrix des Pays-Bas a abdiqué en 2013.

荷蘭的碧翠絲女王於2013年退位。


drink

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷɪŋk]


encore

借自法語 encore (“再次”)，亦曾使用过该词义。

to encore a performer

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

to encore a song

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


give

將﹝sth某物﹞给(sb某人﹞


rain

源自中古英語 reyn、rein，源自古英語 reġn，源自原始西日耳曼語 *regn，源自原始日耳曼語 *regną（对比西弗里斯蘭語 rein、荷蘭語 regen、德語 Regen、丹麥語以及挪威語 regn），之后词源不详。可能源自先日耳曼语言 *Hréǵ-no-，源自原始印歐語 *Hreǵ- (“流”)（对比拉丁語 rigō (“湿的”)、立陶宛語 rõki (“毛毛雨”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 rrjedh (“流，滴”)），但辅音重建无法匹配。

The boxer rained punches on his opponent's head.

拳击手反复密集地拳击对手的头部。


girl

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (“任何性别的年轻人”)，之后的来源不详。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一个指小词形式（比较北弗里斯蘭語 gör (“女孩”)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (“任何性别的孩子”)、德語 Göre (“孩童”)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (“小孩”)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (“短的”)（对比古愛爾蘭語 gair (“短的”)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, “需要”)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “需要”)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, “短的，小的”)）。

女性化，将...当作女孩或女性

Quite different is the way in which the tomboy girled the rebel narrative. In recent years, queer theorists have taken a deep interest in the tomboy as a prefigure for the butch dyke.

2005, Leerom Medovoi, Rebels: Youth and the Cold War Origins of Identity，頁號 293:

One can argue that the genre “yuppified” the popular romance novel or perhaps “girled” the not especially gender-specific concept of the young urban professional.

2011, Stephanie Harzewski, Chick Lit and Postfeminism:


stumble

源自原始日耳曼語 *stam- (“摔跤；结巴，口吃”)，从而与德語 stumm (“哑的”)、荷蘭語 stom (“笨的”)有关。stammer的同源對似詞。


mother

:< 中古英語 moder < 古英語 mōdor < 原始日耳曼语 *mōđēr（对比古弗里斯兰语 mōder、荷兰语 moeder、德语 Mutter） < 原始印欧语 *méh₂tēr（对比爱尔兰语 máthair、吐火罗语A mācar、吐火罗语B mācer、立陶宛语 mótė）。


voler

來自古法語，來自拉丁語 volāre，volō的現在主動不定式。

Quel mec a volé mon pantalon?


soap

源自中古英語 sope、sape，源自古英語 sāpe (“肥皂，药膏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *saipā，源自原始日耳曼語 *saipǭ，源自原始印歐語 *seyb-、*seyp- (“倒出，滴，流，滤”)。
与下列词同源：低地蘇格蘭語 saip、sape (“肥皂”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Seepe (“肥皂”)、西弗里斯蘭語 sjippe (“肥皂”)、荷蘭語 zeep (“肥皂”)、德國低地德語 Seep (“肥皂”)、德語 Seife (“肥皂”)、丹麥語 sæbe (“肥皂”)、瑞典語 såpa (“肥皂”)、書面挪威語 såpe (“肥皂”)、新挪威語 såpe (“肥皂”)、法羅語 sápa (“肥皂”)、冰島語 sápa (“肥皂”)。亦与古英語 sāp (“琥珀，树脂，发油，药膏”)、拉丁語 sēbum (“油脂”)有关。参见seep。拉丁語 sāpō (“肥皂”)乃借自日耳曼语族。

Be sure to soap yourself well before rinsing.

Those kids soaped my windows!

那帮小孩把肥皂液弄到我窗上了！


ver

vt. 看见，查看，拜访，观看，了解，察觉，理解，论及


manger

繼承自中古法語 manger，來自古法語 mengier，來自晚期拉丁語 manducāre (“嚼；吞食”)。
參見同源詞：意大利語 mangiare、諾曼語 maungier和mougier、加羅語 mangier、皮卡第語 minger、勃艮第語 maingé、法蘭克-普羅旺斯語 mengiér、奧克語 manjar、科西嘉語 manghjà、羅馬尼亞語 mânca。

波旁克里奧爾語：
** 毛里求斯克里奧爾語: manze
** 塞舌爾克里奧爾語: manze

J’ai mangé de la viande pour le souper.


hello

Hello（最早可考于1826年），源自holla、hollo（可考于1588年）。人们常认为这一hallo的变体是由托马斯·爱迪生为电话中使用造出的，但其在电话发明的几十年前就已经有书面使用。
最终源自古英语ēalā的变体，如hēlā，其类似于现在使用的hey和hi。因此等价于hey和lo构成的复合词。用来唤起别人的注意。
可能受到了古撒克遜語 halo!的影响，其为halōn (“喊，抓”)的命令式，为渡船船夫呼喊时使用，与古高地德語 hala、hola!有关，其为halōn、holōn (“抓取”)的命令式。详见hallo。

I had to traipse around somewhat, helloing people and being helloed, before I spotted my mother and my father, sharing shade and a spread blanket with Pete and Marie Reese and Toussaint Rennie near the back of the park.


craindre

繼承自中古法語，繼承自古法語 criembre、criendre（晚期作 creindre），繼承自古典拉丁語 tremere，源自原始印歐語 *trem- (“顫抖”)。轉變自高盧-羅曼地區通俗拉丁語方言詞形 *cremere，詞首的 c- 受凱爾特語詞根 *krit-（布列塔尼語 kridien、蘇格蘭蓋爾語 crith）影響，最終源自原始印歐語 *krey-。對照類似的奧克語 crénher。


解決

解決する (canonical)
kaiketsu suru (romanization)
解決し
解決した
解決し
解決し
解決する
解決する
解決すれ
解決される
解決できる
解決しよう
解決しない
解決せず
解決します
解決した
解決して
解決すれば

彼らはその問題を一日で解決した。

他們一天之內就解決了問題。

Karera wa sono mondai o ichinichi de kaiketsu shita.


riechen

源自中古高地德語 [具體何詞?]，源自古高地德語 riohhan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *reukan，源自原始日耳曼語 *reukaną.。
对比英語 reek、荷蘭語 rieken、丹麥語 ryge、瑞典語 ryka。另见Rauch。

riecht
roch
gerochen
röche
haben (auxiliary)

Ich kann ihn nicht riechen.


bere

bévo
bévvi
bevétti
bevètti
bevùto
bevévo
berrò
avére (auxiliary)


gonfler

源自拉丁語 conflāre，conflō的现在主动不定式。对比意大利語 gonfiare。

Ça me gonfle.


tenere

tèngo
ténni
tènni
tenùto
terrò
avére (auxiliary)


colpire

colpìsco
colpìi
colpìto
avére (auxiliary)


annusare

annasare 的異體，可能受 muso (“口鼻；吻部”) 的影響。

annùso
annusài
annusàto
avére (auxiliary)


dividere

:< 拉丁語 dīvidere——dīvidō 的现在主动不定式。


uccidere

源自古意大利語 occidere，繼承自拉丁語 occīdō (“殺死，殺害”)。

il fumo uccide


pousser

繼承自古法語，继承自拉丁語 pulsāre，源自pulsus (“推”)（及pellō的反复态）。对比带前缀的expulser，其借自拉丁语。

pousser quelqu’un à faire quelque chose


nuotare

早期作 notare，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *notāre，繼承自拉丁語 natāre。對照科西嘉語 nutà。
原本的詞形 notare 不定式沒有雙元音，但存在 nuota 等有雙元音的變位形式，這一現象體現了拉丁語 /ŏ/ 在重讀開音節當中的雙元音化。後來這一現象擴散到該詞的所有變位形式和不定式當中。
natare的同源對似詞。


orange

源自中古英語 orenge, orange ← 古法語 pome orenge (“波斯橙”)，字面意思“橘子蘋果”，受古奧克語 auranja影響，轉譯自古意大利語 melarancio, melarancia，mela (“蘋果”)和(n)arancia (“橙子”)的複合 ← 阿拉伯語 نَارَنْج (nāranj) ← 波斯語 نارنگ (nârang) ← 梵語 नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “橙樹”) ← 達羅毗荼語系（對比泰米爾語 நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy)，நரந்தம் (narantam, “香氣”)和காய் (kāy, “水果”)的複合；也見泰盧固語 నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), 馬拉雅拉姆語 നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), 卡納達語 ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ (kittaḷe)）。
顏色一義則是代替了古英語 ġeolurēad (字面意思是“黃-紅”)；對比英語 blue-green。


werfen

源自中古高地德語 wërfen，源自古高地德語 werfan，源自原始日耳曼語 *werpaną。与古撒克遜語 werpan、荷蘭語 werpen、英語 warp。

wirft
warf
geworfen
würfe
haben (auxiliary)

Der Konstruktor mit dem einen Parameter wirft in diesem Falle eine Ausnahme.

这个带一个参数的构造器在这个情况下会抛出一个异常。

einen Schatten werfen

ein Bild an/auf die Wand werfen

Die Sau wirft ihre Jungen.


graben

源自古高地德語 graban，源自原始日耳曼語 *grabaną，源自原始印歐語 *gʰrābʰ- (“挖，刨”)。与英語 grave (“挖”)同源。
对比塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 grȍb和groblje (“坟墓”)、德語 Grab (“坟墓”)、捷克語和斯洛伐克語 hrob (“坟墓”)、波蘭語 grób (“坟墓”)。

gräbt
grub
gegraben
grübe
haben (auxiliary)

Sie gräbt ihr Frühstück aus dem Rucksack.

Er gräbt seine Hände in sein Haar.

将...镌刻（进），将...雕刻（进）

Er grub seine Initialen in die Rinde des Baumes.

他把自己名字的首字母刻到树皮上。

Dieses Wort hat sich mir tief ins Gedächtnis gegraben.

这一席话深深印在了我的心里。


you

源自中古英語 you、yow、ȝow (ye的賓語)，源自古英語 ēow、īow (ġē的與格)，源自原始日耳曼語 *iwwiz (*jīz的與格)，*izwiz (*jūz的與格)的西部方言，源自原始印歐語 *yūs (“你們”)、*yū́。
與低地蘇格蘭語 you (“你”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 jou (“你”)、西弗里斯蘭語 jo (“你”)、低地德語 jo、joe、oe (“你”)、荷蘭語 jou、u (“你”)、中古高地德語 eu、iu (“你”, 賓格代詞)、拉丁語 vōs (“你”)、阿維斯陀語 𐬬𐬋 (vō, “你”)、阿什昆語 iã (“你”)、卡姆卡塔-維利語 šo (“你”)、梵語 यूयम् (yūyám, “你”)同源。
參見使用注意章節。Ye、you 和 your分別與荷蘭語 jij/je、jou、jouw；低地德語 ji、jo/ju、jug，以及德語 ihr、euch、euer同源。ye也與瑞典語 I〈古〉同源。

以代詞 you 來稱呼某人（如過去用 you 而不用 thou 稱呼，因為當時認為 you 更正式）

Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.

1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:

Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard her youing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.

1992, Barbara Anderson, Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page 272:

But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up when you are getting all youed up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dad you'''ing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.

2004, Ellen Miller, Brooklyn Noir, Akashic Books, "Practicing":


cucire

源自通俗拉丁語詞根 *cōsīre，源自 *cōsere，繼承自拉丁語 cōnsuere。


puer

:< 古法语 puir < 通俗拉丁语 *putire < 古典拉丁語 putere。

发出…的臭味；发出…强烈气味


schlagen

更原始的形式为schlah(e)n，源自中古高地德語 slahen。现代不定式和现在时中的 -g- 是类比了过去式形式和相关名词Schlag而加入的（参见en:Grammatischer Wechsel）。
与低地德語和荷蘭語 slaan、古英語 slēan (“撞，打，击”)（现代英语slay、slog）以及丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 slå。

schlägt
schlug
geschlagen
schlüge
haben (auxiliary)


jeter

繼承自古法語 jeter，來自晚期拉丁語 iectāre，來自拉丁語 iactāre。

Et s’il me prend l’envie d’ m’en aller, enferme-moi et jette la clé

要是我想要離開了，就把我鎖起來，把鑰匙丟掉


brennen

古高地德語 brennan（源自原始日耳曼語 *brannijaną）和古高地德語 brinnan（源自原始日耳曼語 *brinnaną）的合并。与荷蘭語 branden、瑞典語 brinna、古英語 birnan（而由此英語 burn）同源。

brennt
brannte
gebrannt
brennte
haben (auxiliary)

Dachziegel werden im Brennofen gebrannt.

Nach drei Tagen kann die Vase gebrannt werden.

Keramikwaren müssen gebrannt werden, bevor sie genutzt werden können.

陶制品必须烧制过后才能使用。

Kannst du mir 'Das weiße Album' von den Beatles brennen?

你可以帮我刻录披头士的“The White Album”吗？


brennen

源自中古高地德語 brinnen，源自古高地德語 brinnan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *brinnan。


frieren

源自中古高地德語 vrieren、vriesen，源自古高地德語 friosan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *freusan，源自原始日耳曼語 *freusaną，源自原始印歐語 *prews-。-r-被从中古高地德语的过去式形式中推广到该词（如verlieren）。同源词包括德國低地德語 freren、fresen、荷蘭語 vriezen、英語 freeze、丹麥語 fryse。

friert
fror
gefroren
fröre
haben (auxiliary)
sein (auxiliary)

kalt sein

冷，感到冷 [助词 haben] (不像英語 freeze表示非常寒冷)

gefrieren

冻住，冻起来 [助词 sein]

指身体部位或者无人称指生物

Friert es dich?

Die Hände frieren mich.


blovi

借自英語 blow，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *blēaną (“吹”)。對照低地蘇格蘭語 blaw、德語 blähen、北弗里斯蘭語 blä、荷蘭語 blaaien (棄用)。


aŭdi

借自拉丁語 audiō。對照法語 ouïr、意大利語 udire、西班牙語 oír。aŭdio的同源對似詞。


separare

sepàro
separài
separàto
avére (auxiliary)

Nessuno, ti giuro, nessuno / Nemmeno il destino / Ci può separare

1959, “Nessuno”, A. De Simone 作詞, E. CapotostiandV. Mascheroni 作曲, 演出者 Mina Mazzini:


döda

繼承自古諾爾斯語 deyða，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *daudijaną。

殺時間、打發時間、消磨時間

Nu har vi lite tid att döda.

現在我們有一些時間可以打發。


apuñalar

源自 a- + puñal + -ar。對照葡萄牙語 apunhalar、加泰羅尼亞語 apunyalar、意大利語 pugnalare。

用尖銳工具或武器（尤其是刀或匕首）刺穿或刺傷


jugar

玩(牌)，下(棋)，赛(球)，使用，操纵


hold

源自中古英語 holden ← 古英語 healdan ← 原始日耳曼語 *haldaną (“照料（牲口），放牧”)，可能源自原始印歐語 *kel- (“驅趕”)（對比拉丁語 celer (“快”), 吐火羅語B kälts (“刺激，驅趕”), 古希臘語 κέλλω (kéllō, “驅趕”), 梵語 कलयति (kalayati, “他促使”)）。與西弗里斯蘭語 hâlde, 低地德語 holden, holen, 荷蘭語 houden, 德語 halten, 丹麥語、書面挪威語 holde, 新挪威語 halda同源。

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

Hold the pencil like this.

The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

1918, W. B. Maxwell, 章號 23, 出自 The Mirror and the Lamp:

This package holds six bottles.

Hold my coat for me.  The general ordered the colonel to hold his position at all costs.

幫我拿著外套。  將軍要上校不惜一切代價保住他的位置。

保持某種狀態。 預約，預訂

Hold a table for us at 7:00.

幫我們訂一張7點的桌子。

Hold the elevator.

保持某種狀態。 拘留，扣押

Hold the suspect in this cell.

把嫌疑犯關進這間牢房裡。


empujar

继承自晚期拉丁語 impulsāre，源自拉丁語 in + pulsāre，pulsō的现在主动不定式，或impellō、impellere的反复动词。impulsar的同源對似詞，其是之后借来的。


dar

vt. 给，赠送，交给，授予，赐予，(钟)打点，产生，引起，发表，上演，献出，提供，涂，分牌


ĵeti

借自法語 jeter，派生自通俗拉丁語 *iectō。對照意大利語 gettare、葡萄牙語 jeitar、西班牙語 echar、英語 jut。

Ĵetu al mi la pilkon!


arañar

不详。可能派生自arar (“犁”)，源自拉丁語 arāre，当前义项可能来自犁地时挖出的浅沟。另可能与araña (“蜘蛛”)相关联，其源自拉丁語 arānea，但词义联系难以解释：可能与蜘蛛的好斗性格有关，从“好斗”派生出了次要词义“抓挠”（对比古法語 hargner (“打斗”)和现代法語 hargneux (“好斗的，挑衅的，进攻性的”)，其可能源自日耳曼语系语言，亦参见古意大利語 aragnarsi (“打架”)）。又或者可能与羅馬尼亞語 râie (“疥疮，瘙痒”)中的语义发展有关，其派生自同一个拉丁语词arānea（亦对比西班牙語 roña和意大利語 rogna (“疥疮，兽疥癣”)，其可能源自一个变体词形*aronea，对比arañar的变体aruñar，其可能受到了uña (“指甲”)的影响）。这一理论中，本词原意应为“挠痒”，但这一义项无从考证。但也可能是因为其与arānea的关系没有那么直接。


lavi

派生自法語 laver，派生自拉丁語 lavāre。


quemar

源自中世紀西班牙語 quemar，源自拉丁語 cremāre，cremō的现在主动不定式（可能经由一个通俗拉丁語中间形式*caimāre（对比加利西亞語和葡萄牙語 queimar、阿斯圖里亞斯語 quemar），可能是受到了希腊语的影响）。最终源自原始印歐語 *ker (“烧”)。亦对比加泰羅尼亞語 cremar。cremar的同源對似詞。


steken

繼承自中古荷蘭語 stēken，繼承自古荷蘭語 *stecan，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *stekan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *stikaną，原本是1類強動詞。

扎（用尖銳的工具，如匕首）

Ik hoorde hoe een sleutel in het slot werd gestoken.

我聽到鑰匙插入鑰匙孔的聲音。


steken

源自古撒克遜語 stekan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *stekan，源自原始日耳曼語 *stikaną。

steek
stook
steken
staken
hebben (auxiliary)


geven

繼承自中古荷蘭語 gēven，繼承自古荷蘭語 gevan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *gebaną。

Ik gaf hem een nieuw boek.


dick

源自Dick，名字Richard的暱稱。最初意思是“普通人”、“凡夫俗子”，后来衍生出其他的含义。

Dude, don't let them dick you around like that!

老弟，別讓他們那麼捉弄你！

Listen, this old gal we going to see probably don't like liquor and drinking, so be cool. I'm just gon borrow a few bucks off her. I ain't never dicked her or nothing.


tenir

源自中古法語 tenir，源自古法語 tenir，源自通俗拉丁語 *tenīre，源自拉丁語 tenēre，teneō (“拿着，保留”)的现在主动不定式，源自原始意大利語 *tenēō，原始印歐語 *ten- (“伸，拉”)的状态动词。

Peut-être devons-nous tenir compte de plusieurs problèmes.

可能我们必须考虑到多个问题。


vliegen

繼承自中古荷蘭語 vliegen，繼承自古荷蘭語 fliegan，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *fleugan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *fleuganą，源自原始印歐語 *plewk-。


follow

正體: 跟隨[電子計算機]


drive

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

正體: 傳動；驅動；驅動組[電機工程]

正體: 驅動，驅動機[電子計算機]


améliorer

繼承自古法語 ameillorer，源自晚期拉丁語 meliōrāre 帶前綴的形式，該動詞基於拉丁語 meliārī (“更好”) 而造。現代法語詞受到拉丁語的影響而進行了修改，因此出現了不按規則演化的 /lj/（規則演化應為 /j/ < /ʎ/）。


volar

源自拉丁語 volāre，volō (“飛”)的現在主動不定式。


head

源自中古英語 hed, heed, heved, heaved ← 古英語 hēafod (“頭部；頂部；來源，起源；首領；首都”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *haubudą (“頭”) ← 原始印歐語 *káput-，*kapōlo- (“頭；碗”)的變體。
同源詞
與低地蘇格蘭語 heid, hede, hevid, heved (“頭”), 古英語 hafola (“頭”), 北弗里斯蘭語 hood (“頭”), 荷蘭語 hoofd (“頭”), 德語 Haupt (“頭”), 瑞典語 huvud (“頭”), 冰島語 höfuð (“頭”), 拉丁語 caput (“頭”), 梵語 कपाल (kapāla, “顱”), 印地語 कपाल (kapāl, “顱”)同源。

領導，主管（參見head up）

Who heads the board of trustees?

to head an army, an expedition, or a riot

領導軍隊；領導探險隊；領導暴動

用頭擊打（如足球中用頭頂球：head the ball）


aprovechar

Aprovecha el tiempo.


brother

:< 古英語 brōþor < 原始日耳曼语 *brōþēr（对比西弗里斯兰语 broer、荷兰语 broeder、德语 Bruder） < 原始印欧语 *bʰréh₂tēr（对比爱尔兰语 bráthair、吐火罗语A pracar、吐火罗语B procer、立陶宛语 brolis）。


han

:haven 的缩写不定式与复数现在时形。


fignoler

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


fonctionnariser

成為公僕，成為公務員，成為官員


changer

繼承自古法語 changier。同源詞包括諾曼語 changi、瓦隆語 candjî。


abrazar

源自a- + brazo (“手臂”) + -ar。另可源自通俗拉丁語 *adbracchiāre，*adbracchiō的现在主动不定式，源自拉丁語 ad- + bracchium + -o。


fouiller

源自古法語，源自通俗拉丁語 *fodiclāre < *fodiculāre，源自拉丁語 fodicāre，源自fodere。对比fouir。


route

來自中古英語 route，源自古法語 route、rote (“道，路，徑”)（對比現代法語 route），來自拉丁語 (via) rupta (“用強力打開的（道路）”)，源自rumpere viam（“開闢道路”）。中國古代行政區劃的義項是意譯自漢語 路 (lù)。

All incoming mail was routed through a single office.

所有收到的郵件都通過一個辦公室轉送。

Google Glass has come under fire from privacy advocates because it can record video without subjects being aware of it, and that any video will be routed through Google's servers.

2014 June 24, “Google Glass go on sale in the UK for £1,000”, 出自 The Guardian:


acompañar

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


acompañar

Así que si quieren saber qué están haciendo los elefantes de la india en este preciso momento, acompáñennos.

因此，如果您想知道印度大象此時此刻在做什麼，請跟著我們。

2017 July 8, “'Earth Live': Una cita con el planeta”, 出自 La Nacion:


foncer

foncer un puits


fondre

繼承自拉丁語 fundere，繼承自原始意大利語 *hundō，源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰewd-。


fondre

繼承自古法語 fondre，繼承自拉丁語 fundere (“融化”)，繼承自原始意大利語 *hundō，源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰewd-。


verdienen

源自中古荷蘭語 verdienen，源自古荷蘭語 farthienon。等价于ver- + dienen。


verdienen

源自中古高地德語 verdienen，源自古高地德語 firdionon。等价于ver- + dienen，仿譯自拉丁語 deservio。

verdient
verdiente
verdient
haben (auxiliary)

Wie viel verdienst du in der Stunde, Woche, im Monat?

你每小时，每周，每个月挣多少钱？

In dieser Familie verdienen zwei Personen.

这个家庭有两个人有收入。

Er verdient kein Vertrauen.

Diese Tatsache verdient, hervorgehoben zu werden.

Sein Verhalten verdient eine Strafe.

他应该为他的行为受到惩罚。

Es war ein verdienter Sieg dieser Fußballmannschaft.

这是这支足球队理所当然的胜利。


lavar

繼承自拉丁語 lavāre (“洗”)，源自原始印歐語 *lewh₃- (“洗”)。

洗清，清除（恥辱、懷疑等）


dull

源自中古英語 dull、dul（亦作dyll、dill、dwal），源自古英語 dol (“乏味的，愚蠢的，错误的，谬误的，自以为是的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *dol，源自原始日耳曼語 *dulaz，源自早期形式*dwulaz，*dwalaz (“震惊的，疯狂的，愚蠢的，被误导的”)的一个变体，源自原始印歐語 *dʰwel-、*dʰewel- (“使...暗淡，遮蔽，隐晦”)。
同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 dull、doll (“迟钝的，聋的”)、北弗里斯蘭語 dol (“鲁莽的，草率的，晕眩的，轻率的”)、荷蘭語 dol (“疯狂的，失智的”)、低地德語 dul、dol (“疯狂的，愚蠢的，愚昧的”)、德語 toll (“疯狂的，鲁莽的，荒诞的”)、丹麥語 dval (“荒唐的，愚蠢的”)、冰島語 dulur (“遮掩的，守口如瓶的”)，西弗拉芒方言 dul (“生气的”)。

Years of misuse have dulled the tools.

常年的错误使用让工具变钝了。

使...变弱，缓解；使...变迟钝，使...变愚蠢

He drinks to dull the pain.

Use and custom have so dulled our eyes.

1850, Richard Chenevix Trench, Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord:


aceptar

借自世界語 akcepti、英語 accept、法語 accepter、德語 akzeptieren、意大利語 accettare、俄語 акцептова́ть (akceptovátʹ)、西班牙語 aceptar。


aceptar

源自中世紀西班牙語 acetar 的重新拉丁化，源自拉丁語 acceptāre，acceptō 的現在主動不定式。同源詞包括英語 accept 等。

Aceptan donativos.

La compañía española recibió por la mañana la comunicación oficial de la medida y fue advertida de que dispone de 15 días para aceptarla.

這家西班牙公司在早上收到了該措施的正式通知，並被警告公司有15天的時間接受它。

2009 January 10, C. De Carlos, “Kirchner comienza el proceso de expropiación de Aerolíneas a Marsans”, 出自 ABC.es:


apagar

源自 a- + pagar，或可能源自通俗拉丁語 *appācāre，繼承自拉丁語 ad- + pācāre。


apagar

最早見於18世紀。可能源自加泰羅尼亞語 apagar，可能源自通俗拉丁語 *appācāre，繼承自拉丁語 ad- + pācāre。


apagar

繼承自古葡萄牙語，源自通俗拉丁語 *appācāre，繼承自拉丁語 ad- + pācāre。


apagar

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *appācāre，繼承自拉丁語 ad- + pācāre。對照英語 apay。


bonjour

來自法語 bonjour (“你好；早安”)。

He went on down the boulevard, bonjouring right and left, lifting his hat, bowing. He moved very slowly.

1938, Donald Barr Chidsey, Each one was alone:

Connaughton entered the simple but cheery restaurant, checked his coat, bonjoured the maître d'...

1988, Gary Hart, The Strategies of Zeus:

They bonjoured back and stood there awkwardly. Finally, Flood broke the silence.

2005, James H Irwin, Mokanshan: A Tale of Wallis Simpson's Naughty Shanghai Postcards:


pana

最终源自原始馬來-波利尼西亞語 *panaq。

tapana me


cantar

繼承自古葡萄牙語 cantar，繼承自拉丁語 cantāre。

Ela cantou a sua melhor música.

Enquanto tomava minhas medidas, ele cantava baixinho para si mesmo os números.

當我測量時，他一邊有節奏地輕聲念著數字。

As únicas coisas que ele faz o dia todo são comer, dormir, e cantar meninas.

他整天唯一做的事就是吃飯、睡覺和勾引女孩。


cantar

繼承自拉丁語 cantāre，canere 的反覆體。同源詞包括英語 chant。

Voy a cantarme una canción


abrir

來自古加利西亞語和古葡萄牙語 abrir，來自拉丁語 aperīre，aperiō (“我打開”)的現在主動不定詞。

abro
abrín
aberto
abro
abrim
abri
aberto


abrir

來自古葡萄牙語 abrir，來自拉丁語 aperīre，aperiō的現在主動不定詞，來自原始印歐語 *h₂epo (“來自”) + *wer-iō (“開”)。


abrir

來自中世紀西班牙語，來自拉丁語 aperīre，aperiō的現在主動不定詞。對照英語 apricate。

Por favor abre la ventana, Jorge.

Abro la cerradura.

Abrió la llave.

創立，建立，開辦 （事業、商店等）

開啟 （保險箱、瓶子等）；切開 （椰子等）

開啟 （遊戲；香檳等）；開墾 （土地）；開闢，建造 （道路等）


verki

verko

“（文學、藝術、科學）作品”

Mi volus por vi verki la muzikon por poemo ke mi verkis.

我希望你為我創作的一首詩作曲。


nehmen

源自中古高地德語 nemen, nëmen，源自古高地德語 neman，源自原始西日耳曼語 *neman，源自原始日耳曼語 *nemaną，源自原始印歐語 *nem- (“给予或拿取”).
与低地德語 nehmen (“拿”)、荷蘭語 nemen (“拿”)、英語 nim (“拿，偷”)、丹麥語 nemme (“习得”)、瑞典語 förnimma (“意识到”)同源。

nimmt
nahm
genommen
nähme
haben (auxiliary)

Wer hat meinen Hut genommen?

Hier, nimm meine Hand.

（以某种方式）考虑，对待，看待

Die Polizei nimmt die Angriffe ernst.

警察们严肃对待这次袭击。

Ich nehme diese Bemerkung übel.

Das ist eine Redewendung, also sollte man sie nicht wörtlich nehmen.

这是一种不应当真的比喻。

Die Verbrecher wurden in Gewahrsam genommen.

Nimm etwas Aspirin, wenn du Kopfschmerzen hast.

如果你头痛的话就服用一些阿司匹林。

Meine Damen und Herren, bitte nehmen Sie Ihre Plätze.

（表示使某事物发生，让语气更加被动而间接）

Abschied nehmen

Abstand nehmen

seinen Anfang nehmen

Anstoß nehmen

ein Beispiel nehmen

Einfluss nehmen

ein Ende nehmen

seinen Lauf nehmen

das Leben nehmen

Maß nehmen

Notiz nehmen

Rücksicht nehmen

Stellung nehmen

sich Zeit nehmen


nehmen

源自古撒克遜語 neman、niman，源自原始日耳曼語 *nemaną.


dun

未知；可能是din的變體。多個來源認為源自 Joe Dun，一名因逮捕追債者而出名的執達吏之名，不過這個說法有爭議。

And hath she sent so soon to dun?

1768, Jonathan Swift, The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, London: C. Bathurst, →OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse，頁號 309:

Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had been dunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Folio Society 1973, p. 577:

不停重複（要求等）來騷擾

Rich bitches who had to be dunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:


dun

可能源自處理過後魚的顏色。

醃製好鱈魚等魚類後將其堆放在不被光線直射到的地方, 並用碱茅等覆蓋來保存

Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.

1832, James Thacher, History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, →OCLC，頁號 317:


acabar

源自古加利西亚语和古葡萄牙語 acabar，源自拉丁語 ad (“to”) + caput (“头”)，或经由一个通俗拉丁語词干*accapāre。对比英语achieve。


acabar

源自古葡萄牙語 acabar，源自拉丁語 ad (“to”) + caput (“head”), or through a 通俗拉丁語 root *accapāre. 对比法語 achever, whence also English achieve.

terminar, completar, finalizar, concluir

Acabe suas tarefas antes de sair.


acabar

源自名词cabo (“边缘”)，源自拉丁語 caput，或经由一个通俗拉丁語词干*accapāre。对比英語 achieve。


saber

源自古葡萄牙語 saber，源自通俗拉丁語 *sapēre，源自拉丁語 sapere，sapiō (“品嘗；有智慧”)的現在主動不定式，源自原始印歐語 *seh₁p- (“嘗試；搜尋”)。

知道 認識到某項信息或事物的價值

Olho-Tonto, você sabe que isso é nojento, não sabe?
##*:: 瘋眼，你也知道這很惡心吧？

2003年，J·K·羅琳，Lia Wyler 翻譯，Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix（《哈利·波特與鳳凰社》），Rocco，第46頁：

Eu sei qual é a capital da Assíria.

我知道亞述的首都在哪裡。

Ele sabe duzentos algarismos do número neperiano.

他知道歐拉數的200位小數。


harp

繼承自中古英語 harpe，繼承自古英語 hearpe (“豎琴”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *harpā，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *harpǭ (“豎琴”)。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 hairp (“豎琴”)、西弗里斯蘭語 harpe、harp (“豎琴”)、低地德語 Harp (“豎琴”)、荷蘭語 harp (“豎琴”)、德語 Harfe (“豎琴”)、丹麥語 harpe (“豎琴”)、瑞典語 harpa (“豎琴”)。

以技巧和藝術來發展或表達；像豎琴一樣發出聲音

Thou harped my fear aright.

你正確地表達了我的恐懼。

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:


cola

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


milk

源自中古英語 milken，源自古英語 melcan，源自原始日耳曼語 *melkaną，最终源自原始印歐語 *h₂melǵ-，和上方名词相同的词干。对比荷蘭語和德語 melken、丹麥語 malke、挪威語 mjølke，以及拉丁語 mulgeō (“挤奶”)、古希臘語 ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “挤奶”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 mjel (“挤奶”)、俄語 молоко́ (molokó)、立陶宛語 mélžti、吐火羅語A mālk-。

masturbate

榨精，尤指仅为自己的快感给男性行手淫

The farmer milked his cows.

I haue giuen Sucke, and know / How tender 'tis to loue the Babe that milkes me[…]

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vii]，頁號 135，列號 2:

to milk wholesome milk from healthy cows

从...（任何生物）挤出（任何液体）

过度使用；压榨，榨取；趁机榨取

When the audience began laughing, the comedian milked the joke for more laughs.

观众开始笑时，喜剧演员想从笑话中强行获得更多笑声。

They [the lawyers] milk an unfortunate estate as regularly as a dairyman does his stock.

July 21, 1877, "The Block in the Courts" in The Spectator

If nothing else, José Mourinho can be grateful there was no mutiny. He still heard his name being sung and at the final whistle Old Trafford was not too unkind on the manager or his players. He milked it, too, marching over to the Stretford End to thank them for their generosity.

2018 August 27, Daniel Taylor, “Lucas Moura double for Spurs deepens gloom at Manchester United”, 出自 The Guardian (London):

榨精，尤指仅为自己的快感给男性行手淫

Controlled milking can actually establish and consolidate a mistress’ dominance over her sub rather than diminish it.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

:Template:rfquote-sense


courir

拉丁語 cŭrrĕre (“跑”)

近义词：cavaler, filer, foncer, galoper, se dépêcher, se hâter, se presser, parcourir, sillonner, fréquenter

派生词：accourir, coureur, coureuse, courre, chasse à courre, courrier, courriel, cours, course, coursier, couru, main-courante, parcourir, parcours, parkour, recourir, recours

下义词：cavaler, escarpiner, galoper, jogger, sprinter, trotter

（courir qqn）［民］使某人厌烦


hemorrhage

源自拉丁語 haemorrhagia，源自古希臘語 αἱμορραγία (haimorrhagía, “大量出血”)，源自αἱμορραγής (haimorrhagḗs, “大量出血”)，源自αἷμα (haîma, “血”) + -ραγία (-ragía)，源自ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai, “喷出”)。

The company hemorrhaged money until eventually it went bankrupt.

公司损失了大量的钱，最终破产。


deklinacii

deklinacias
deklinaciis
deklinacios
deklinacius
deklinaciu


condemn

遣责、定罪 例句： For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. 因為神差祂的兒子降世，不是要定世人的罪，乃是要叫世人因祂得救。


accuse

accuse sb of (doing) something 指控某人（做了）某事


deny

正體: 拒絕[電子計算機]


wage

正體: 工資[電子計算機]


recognize

/ˈɹɛkəɡnaɪz/

正體: 辨識；識別[自由軟體]

简体: 认可[自由软体]


compare

由 com + par （平等）構成 compar，演化至拉丁語 comparare，演化至古法語 comparer，引進于晚期中古英語。

對比、比對、比較（縮寫 cf. 或 cp.）
compare A and B -- 對比 A 與 B

對比、比對、比較（縮寫 cf. 或 cp.）
compare A with/to B -- 對比 A 與 B

They always compare their situation and ours. 他們總是對比他們和我們的處境。


insult

- Marvel owns your gods!

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


oust

The protesters became so noisy that they were finally ousted from the meeting.

抗議者因為太嘈吵，最後被逐出會議。

The CEO was ousted by the board of directors.


tan

動詞來自中古英語 tannen，來自後期古英語 tannian (“鞣皮革”)，來自拉丁語 tannare。

（使其）晒成褐色，曬黑。

No matter how long I stay out in the sun, I never tan. though I do burn.

我的皮肤怎么晒也不黑，但是会晒伤。

鞣動物皮革和羽毛；製革。

"Well, go 'long and play; but mind you get back some time in a week, or I'll tan you."

1876, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, ch. 3:


détruire

繼承自中古法語 destruire，繼承自古法語 destruire，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *destrugere，源自古典拉丁語 dēstruō，源自 dē- + struō (“建造”)。

Détruisez la famille et vous détruisez le pays.

毁了家庭，也就毁了国家。 - 埃琳·派齊


reject

*源自晚期的中古英語 rejecten ← 拉丁語 rēiectus ，rēicere（“扔回”） 的過去分詞形式 ← rē- （“回”）+ iacere（“扔”）。
*該詞代替了如下近義詞：中古英語 forwerpen (“拋棄”)(源自古英語 forweorpan)； 中古英語 forcasten(“扔掉”) (源自古諾爾斯語 forkasta)；中古英語 skirpen(“使噴湧而出”)(源自古諾爾斯語 skirpa (“吐出”))；中古英語 wernen(“拒絕，回絕”) (源自古英語 wiernan (“拒絕，回絕”))；中古英語 withchosen, withchesen（“拒絕”）(源自古英語 wiþċēosan (“拒絕”))。

（拒絕接受）：decline, refuse, turn down, repudiate, disown, abnegate, abjure, deny


chase

借自盎格鲁-诺曼语 chacer → 古法语 chacier → 拉丁语 captiāre, captiō → captō, capiō。义同catch。


abject

繼承自中古英語 abjecten，派生自形容詞形式。


croire

繼承自古法語 creire、croire，來自拉丁語 crēdere，來自原始意大利語 *krezðō，來自原始印歐語 *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“將心比心，即信任、相信”)，*ḱḗr (“心”)和*dʰeh₁- (“放，放置，設置”)的斜格複合短語形式。
參見法國地區語言的同源詞：諾曼語 creire、加羅語 craire、皮卡第語 croère、勃艮第語 croire、法蘭克-普羅旺斯語 crêre、奧克語 creire或奧克語 créser、科西嘉語 credè。

Il jure qu’il dit la vérité. Je ne le crois pas.

他發誓他說的是真話。但我不相信他。

Je crois que c’est vrai.


bottleneck

The merge bottlenecked the traffic every morning.

车道合并导致每天早上交通都会拥堵。


gangrene

來自法語 gangrène，來自拉丁語 gangraena，來自古希臘語 γάγγραινα (gángraina, “壞疽”)。

Vulneration or section sometimes procures a Gangrene, when the vital Principle is so debilitated, or enormous by the would, that instead of a good suppuration and vigorous transmutation, a depraved matter is generated, which corrupts and gangrenes the part: and thus a small cut of a finger or Toe hath gangrened, and killed the person: but in greater Wounds, the danger is greater, as more frequently to happen.

1682, Pains afflicting humane bodies, their various Difference, Causes, Parts affected, Signals of Danger or Safety，頁號 204:

An intensely biting frost will gangrene the membrane ; a foggy state of the atmosphere, with low, black, stagnant exhalations, accompanied with sudden, frequent intermissions, interchanges, and oscillations of dryness and moisture, expansion and condensation, will corrupt and putrify both the membrane and the mucous discharge.

1762 December, John Chandler, “A Treatise of the Disease called a Cold”, 出自 The critical review, or annals of literature, 卷 12，頁號 423:

For where it chances to be successful, it is like the copper shot of the Mexicans, which gangrenes the wound.

1851 December, “The Wit and Wickedness of Sarcasm”, 出自 The Ladies' Repository, 卷 20，頁號 224:

That is true,” replied Almira, “nothing can be performed without labor, and where there is labor there will be discontent, and where there is no labor there will be heart-burning and jealousy about insignificant trifles, such as gangrenes the real pleasures of contemplation within these walls; walls, which would otherwise hold out an asylum, much to be prized by those who have been unfortunate, who have lost all their friends, or who are weary of the world."

1801, George Walker, The Three Spaniards:

The Stuart Restoration period was a necessary sequence of the Puritan period, and there is a similar cause for the sensualism that gangrenes the heart of our morbidly prudish Society of to-day.

1889 July, John Miller, “The Abuse of Marriage”, 出自 The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly, 卷 2, 號 12，頁號 902:

The same delusion will gangrene England within the lifetime of most men of military age unless she will realize that gold is dross ; that her poets, her artists, and her scholars are her very soul.

1930, P.R. Stephensen, The Legend of Aleister Crowley: A Study of the Facts:


schaffen

Eten wat de pot schaft.


schaffen

源自中古高地德語 schaffen，源自古高地德語 scaffan、scafan、scaphan，源自原始日耳曼語 *skapjaną。对比荷蘭語 scheppen与英語 shape。

schafft
schuf
geschaffen
schüfe
haben (auxiliary)

hervorbringen

创造，制作，生产，设立；使得

bewirken

创造，制作，生产，设立；使得

创造，制作，生产，设立；使得

Es kann aber nur Abhilfe geschaffen werden, wenn der Lehrer, der Unterrichtende, sich selbst fortwährend herausheben will aus dem Hausbackenen, Pedantischen, Philiströsen.
只有老师不停地脱离不冒险的，迂腐的，小心眼的心境，这才能够解决。

1919, Rudolf Steiner, Allgemeine Menschenkunde als Grundlage der Pädagogik, Dornach, 1992, p.143


schaffen

schafft
schaffte
geschafft
haben (auxiliary)

Kannst du es um 9 Uhr schaffen?

Du hast es geschafft

Sie hat die Prüfung geschafft.

etwas aus der Welt schaffen

摈弃某物 (字面意思是「将某物扔出世界」)


schaffen

源自中古高地德語 schaffen，源自古高地德語 scafan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *skappjan (“创造”)。与德語 schaffen、荷蘭語 scheppen、英語 shape同源。


doctor

:< 中古英語 doctor、doctour（“专家、权威”） < 盎格魯-諾曼語 doctour < 拉丁語 doctor （“教师”） < doceō （“教授”）。 取代了中古英语固有词 lerare（“教师”）（ < 中古英语 leren（“教授”） < 古英语 lǣran、lēran（“教授、指导”））。 对比古英语 lārēow（“教师、大师”）。

改变有生命物体的生长速度或行为


yani

最終源自阿拉伯語 يَعْنِي (yaʕnī, “他／她／它的意思是”)。


yani

最終派生自阿拉伯語 يَعْنِي (yaʕnī, “他／她／它的意思是”)。


adventure

源自中古英語 aventuren, auntren ← 古法語 aventurer ← aventure。


drown

源自中古英語 drownen、drounen、drunen (“溺死”)，其词源不详。
《牛津英语词典》提出一个不可考的古英语形式*drūnian。 Harper 2001指出古英语druncnian、ġedruncnian（→中古英語 drunknen、dronknen (“溺死”)），它们“可能受到了古諾爾斯語 drukkna的影响”（对比冰島語 drukkna、丹麥語 drukne (“溺死”)）。Funk & Wagnalls认为词源不详。有理论指出（如ODS）其可能直接借自古諾爾斯語 drukkna，但《牛津词典》认为在“发音和各种原因上解释不通”，除非引入不可考变体古諾爾斯語 *drunkna的可能性。

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaʊn]

The car thief fought with an officer and tried to drown a police dog before being shot while escaping.

汽车窃贼和一名警官斗殴以后，试图将一只警犬溺死，然后在逃跑时被枪打中。

He drowns his sorrows in buckets of chocolate ice cream.

他靠大桶巧克力冰淇淋来消愁。

Though most men being in sensuall pleasures drownd, / It seemes their Soules but in the Senses are.

1599, John Davies, Nosce Teipsum, London: John Standish，頁號 19:

Unluckily that worthy Officer having, in a literal Sense, taken his Fill of Liquor, had been some Time retired to his Bolster, where he was snoaring so loud, that it was not easy to convey a Noise in at his Ears capable of drowning that which issued from his Nostrils.

1749, Henry Fielding, 章號 XIV, 出自 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book VII，頁號s 71–72:

使...淹没（于其他物品中）

The answers intelligence services seek are often drowned in the flood of information they can now gather.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


starve

源自中古英語 sterven，源自古英語 steorfan (“死”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *sterbaną (“僵硬；死”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)terp- (“弱，麻”)，或原始印歐語 *sterbʰ- (“僵硬”)，源自*ster- (“僵”)，或者上述词的异文合并。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 sterve (“死，消失”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 stjerwa (“死”)、西弗里斯蘭語 stjerre (“死”)、荷蘭語 sterven (“死”)、德國低地德語 starven (“死”)、德語 sterben (“死”)、冰島語 stirfinn (“脾气差的；刚愎的”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 shterp (“贫瘠的；贫瘠的土地”)。

starves
starving
starved
starved
starven

famish

（尤指通过断粮）摧毁，使...屈服；使...饿死

（尤指通过断粮）摧毁，使...屈服；使...饿死

剥夺 （粮食或必需物品）

The uncaring parents starved the child of love.

冷漠的父母剥夺了孩子应得的爱。

The patient's brain was starved of oxygen.

I was half starved waiting out in that wind.

我在那风里等人，被冻了个半死。

Wheniver he wor starved, he used to get th' seck o' coils ov his back, an' walk raand th' haase till he gat warm agean.

1869 February, John Hartley, The original illuminated clock almanack:

One i' th' morning an' me starv'd to th' death wi' waitin' up.

1886, A Queer Supper, John Heywood, section 8:

Sometimes he remarks, “ ’Tis these dreadful frostis that spiles everything. ’Tis enough to sterve anybody.”

1898, J. Arthur Gibbs, “When the May-Fly is Up”, 出自 A Cotswold village; or, Country Life & Pursuits in Gloucestershire, London: John Murray, →OCLC，頁號 164:


pożyczyć

源自原始斯拉夫語 *požitъčiti。

從……借 [+賓格 = 某事] [+ od (屬格) = 從某人]

借給 [+賓格 = 某事] [+與格 = 給某人]


certify

正體: 認證[電子計算機]


confess

（在"to"的前面）或承认，坦白，忏悔


kidnap

kidnaps
kidnapping
kidnaping
kidnapped
kidnaped

Hello, ladies. How’s the Big Apple?

Oh dear. That’s the second time this month.

2002 September 6, Michelle and Robert Lamoreaux, “Model Citizens”, 出自 Totally Spies!, 季数 1, 集数 9, 角色 Alexandra “Alex”（Jess Harnell as Jerry and Katie Leigh）, Marathon Media, 經由 Teletoon:


flee

源自古英語 flēon，源自原始日耳曼語 *fleuhaną，源自原始印歐語 *plewk-、*plew- (“飞；流；跑”)。
同源词包括荷蘭語 vlieden、德語 fliehen、冰島語 flýja、瑞典語 fly、哥特語 𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þliuhan)。英语内与fly有关，还与flow有较远的关系。

Many people fled the country as war loomed.

战争将至，很多人都逃出了国外。

Thousands of people moved northward trying to flee the drought.

几千人为了逃离干旱而北迁。

The Government, having lit the fuse, is not going to be allowed to flee the explosion.

1962 October, “Talking of Trains: Passed to you, Mr. Macmillan”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 220:


coast

源自中古英語 costeien (“在一个边界上移动；沿着...走；陪同；穿越，穿过；邻接于”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 [具體何詞?]、古法語 costoier (“靠在，与...邻接”) […]（现代法語 côtoyer (“划过，经过；擦肩”)），源自拉丁語 costicāre，源自拉丁語 costa (“肋骨；边”)，还见词源 1。


pig

源自中古英語 pigge (“小猪”)（原指小猪，年长猪是swyn），多半源自古英語 *picga（仅可考于picgbrēad (“猪饲料”)等复合词中），源自原始西日耳曼語 *piggō、*puggō (“小猪”)。对比中古荷蘭語 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (“猪崽”)、中古低地德語 pugge、pûke (“猪崽”)。本词使用于体重快速增加的动物幼崽，所以其可能是源自动词“to big”，源自中古英語 biggen、byggen，源自古諾爾斯語 byggja、byggva (“建造”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *būwijaną (“建造”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (“成为，成长为”)。Pokorny认为词根与*bū-、*bew- (“肿，胀”)有关，以解释“pig”和“big”之间的互换关系。
有时有人指出其与早期现代荷蘭語 bigge（现代big (“猪崽”)）、西弗里斯蘭語 bigge (“猪崽”)和中古低地德語的相似词有关，但是“发音难以解释”。一些文献指出这些词“多半无关”，其他人认为这一联系“有可能，但无法确定”。
指“警察”的俚语义至晚自1785年起可考。


consume

標準英音，英國，澳大利亞

To use（使用；耗費）

To eat（吃；食用）


acquaint

来自中古英語 aqueinten，acointen，来自古法語 acointier，来自晚期拉丁語 accognitāre，来自拉丁語 ad + cognitus，cognoscere (“知道”)的過去分詞，来自con- + noscere (“知道”)。见quaint、know。

I think you should acquaint him with the realities of the situation.

我認為你應該讓他了解實際情況。


accent

派生自中古法語 accenter，派生自古法語 accenter，派生自拉丁語 accentō，源自accentus。


carrot

源自中古法語 carotte ← 拉丁語 carōta ← 古希臘語 καρῶτον (karôton)。同carotte。代替本土詞more ← 古英語 moru。
* “激勵的工具”是指carrot and stick (“胡蘿蔔加大棒”)。
* 動詞一義源自烘乾後皮毛呈橙色。

（毛氈製作工藝中）給毛皮用硝酸汞處理


conquer

借自古法語 conquerre，源自晚期拉丁語 conquaerere (“擊打、搜尋、取得”)，源自拉丁語 con- + quaerere (“寻找，获得”)。


suffer

源自中古英語 suffren，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 suffrir，源自拉丁語 sufferō (“献上，支撑，承受，遭受”)，源自sub- (“下”) + ferō (“撑着”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰer- (“负，持”)。取代了原生词古英語 þrōwian。

I've been suffering your insults for years.

我忍受你的侮辱已经很多年了。

We hope you never have to suffer the same pain.

我们希望你不用吃一样的苦。

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8843，頁號 68:

Thou shalt not suffer a witch to liue.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 22:18:

But Iesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not to come vnto me: for of such is þe kingdome of heauen.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 19:14:

"Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.

1938, The U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. § 203:

[…] it shall be unlawful for any person to cause, allow, permit or suffer any vehicle to be parked […] beyond the period of time established by the duration of the parking meter […]

1978, Section 31-36 of the Code of Montgomery County, Maryland:


autopsy

源自新拉丁語 autopsia，源自古希臘語 αὐτοψῐ́ᾱ (autopsíā, “亲眼看”)。

对...进行事故原因分析

The user may define his own errors, and use DUMPAL to autopsy the system for him.

1977, National Science Foundation (U.S.), Washington State University. Computer Science Dept, Proceedings of Conference on Computers in the Undergraduate Curricula (issue 8)


destitute

源自中古英語 destituten，源自前文的形容词。

剥夺...的财产，资源等，使...一贫如洗


zero

源自法語 zéro，源自意大利語 zero，源自中世紀拉丁語 zephirum，源自 阿拉伯語 صِفْر (ṣifr, “什么都没有, 暗号”)。


walu

來自原始波利尼西亞語 *walu，來自原始大洋洲語 *walu，來自原始馬來-波利尼西亞語 *walu，來自原始南島語 *walu。


sum

來自中古英語 summe，來自古法語 summe，來自拉丁語 summa，summus (“高的”)陰性。

add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up

when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.

2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.


admonish

源自中古英語 admonesten、admonissen，源自古法語 amonester（现代法语admonester），源自一不可考的晚期拉丁語或通俗拉丁語词*admonestrāre，源自拉丁語 admoneō (“提醒，警告”)，源自ad + moneō (“警告，忠告”)。见premonition。

reprimand

告诫，训诫；（不严重地）呵责

chide

告诫，训诫；（不严重地）呵责

告诫，训诫；（不严重地）呵责

Better is a poore and a wise child, then an old and foolish king who will no more be admonished.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 4:13:

And further, by these, my sonne, be admonished: of making many bookes there is no end, and much studie is a wearinesse of the flesh.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 12:12:

[…] But then things take a turn, the men starting to keel over as Walder seems to admonish them for leaving certain threads hanging. […]

2017 July 16, Brandon Nowalk, “Chickens and dragons come home to roost on Game Of Thrones (newbies)”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:


cajole

借自法語 cajoler，可能是中古法語 cageoler (“松鸦鸣叫”)（源自gajole，geai (“松鸦”)的方言指小词） + 古法語 gaioler (“诱至笼中”)的混成词，后者源自中世紀拉丁語 gabiola，源自晚期拉丁語 caveola（其衍生出英語 caveola），拉丁語 cavea (“笼子，畜栏”)的指小词。详见cage、cave、cavum和cavus。

Then he cajoled with his brother, and persuaded him what service he had done him.

1722, Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders, ch. 12:

If you are cajoled by the cunning arguments of a trumpeter of heresy, or the praises of a puritanic old woman, is not that womanish?

1820, Sir Walter Scott, The Abbot, ch. 27:

He had tried bullying, and without success. He would try cajoling and temptation.

1894, Horatio Alger, Only An Irish Boy, ch. 19:

[W]ith eloquent arts he had cajoled a young girl into a secret marriage.

1898, Gilbert Parker, The Battle Of The Strong, ch. 37:

Schulman, general manager of the "G. F. C.," had been sending out messengers to hunt for him, and finally had got him in his office, arguing and pleading, cajoling and denouncing him by turns.

For weeks, the White House, the Pentagon and Senate Democrats have been working overtime to cajole, convince and placate Republicans.

2010 August 4, Michael Scherer, "NonSTARTer? Obama's Troubled Nuclear Treaty," Time:

But the wife was visibly unimpressed by Ms. Baskin’s half-furnished home (they had just moved in) and thrown-together spaghetti dinner. “It was basically clear that his wife had been cajoled into attending,” said Ms. Baskin, 33. “She settled on to our rickety Ikea kitchen chairs like she was lowering herself into a coal mine.”

2012 July 13, Alex Williams, “Why Is It Hard to Make Friends Over 30?”, 出自 New York Times:


escalate

Violence escalated during the election.

The shooting escalated the existing hostility.

槍擊事件使現有的敵意升級。

"Operating the WCML at this intensity makes it challenging to maintain acceptable performance levels, resulting in a frustratingly unreliable service for passengers. Minor disruption can escalate into significant delays because a train running only a few minutes late can miss its slot across a junction, resulting in a snowballing effect across the network."

2020 May 6, Philip Haigh, “Just one more stop on the long journey to HS2 fulfillment [sic]”, 出自 Rail，頁號 65:

在技術支援中，將客戶或問題等移交給上一級主管部門。

The tech 1 escalated the caller to a tech 2.

技術員1將來電者轉移給技術員2。


errand

源自中古英語 erande、erende，源自古英語 ǣrende，源自原始西日耳曼語 *ārundī (“消息，口信”)。

All the servants were on holiday or erranded out of the house.

所有佣人要不是在休假，要不是被派去办事情不在家里。


fare

fàccio
féci
fàtto
facévo
fài
fà'
avére (auxiliary)


panna

:借自某日耳曼语言。对比：瑞典语 bann。

（支配属格-宾格）放，放置

（支配属格-宾格）存（钱）

（支配部分格）肏，与…性交，做爱


nipper

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


dilute

源自拉丁語 dīlūtus，源自dīluere (“冲掉，溶解，使...融化，冲淡”)，源自dī-、dis- (“离，走”) + luere (“洗”)。参见lave，对比deluge。

Mix their watery store / With the chyle's current, and dilute it more.

1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem:

冲淡，淡化；（通过添加异物）削弱

发行股票而使股票价格贬值


mentir

vt. 使误信，不履行(诺言)


epoch

源自中世紀拉丁語 epocha，源自古希臘語 ἐποχή (epokhḗ, “停止，中止，暂停；行星达到最高点时的停顿；历史的时期”)，源自ἐπέχω (epékhō, “压抑，停止”)，源自ἐπι- (epi-, “之上”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “有，拿着”)。

根据时间将...划分为小段

The continuous data were epoched into segments of 1500 ms (starting 500 ms before visual stimulus onset), time-locked to stimulus onset (0 ms) and sorted according to experimental conditions.

2015 July 6, “Stronger Neural Modulation by Visual Motion Intensity in Autism Spectrum Disorders”, 出自 PLOS ONE, →DOI:


зима

來自原始斯拉夫語 *zima，來自原始印歐語 *ǵʰéyōm。


expound

源自中古英語 expounden，源自古法語 espondre，源自拉丁語 exponere。expose的同源對似詞。

spell out

详细解释，阐释，阐述，详述

详细解释，阐释，阐述，详述


coward

源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。

The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]

1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus:


collapse

使...倒塌，使...坍塌；折叠

Hurry up and collapse the tent so we can get moving.

快把帐篷收了我们好出发。


impart

繼承自中古英語 imparten、借自中古法語 impartir、empartir，源自晚期拉丁語 impartiō、impertiō，源自 im- + 拉丁語 partiō (“分割”)。

disclose

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

tell

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

賦予，給予（品質或財產）

The sun imparts warmth.

to impart food to the poor

Expressing well the spirit within thee [Adam] free, / My [God's] image, not imparted to the brute.

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號 440:

Did not Mazzini impart his spirit to divided Italy, and make her one?

1907, Charles Henry Vine, The Old Faith and the New Theology:

Cary Grant imparts his ineffable charm, Kennedy (with metal hand) provides comic brutality, while Hepburn is elegantly fraught.

2002, John Pym, Time Out Film Guide，頁號 202:

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

Well may he then to you his cares impart.

1662, John Dryden, letter to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon:

The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 5, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:

Sweet Cossen, what we may not now impart, heere let vs bury it, closely in our hart

c. 1587 Anthony Munday, John a Kent and John a Cumber


paralyse

使麻痺，使癱瘓；使氣餒；使驚呆

The transport strike paralysed the city.

交通罷工使這座城市陷入癱瘓。


broadcast

Japanese simultaneous interpreter and translator Eriko Sekiya in an NHK Radio studio, from which she broadcasts (verb sense 3) a programme on introductory business English
日本同聲傳譯家、翻譯家関谷英里子正在NHK演播室，她在此作客介紹商務英語初級課程的節目
Paddy being broadcast (verb sense 4) or sown by hand in Chaudwar, Odisha, India
印度奧里薩邦喬烏德瓦爾的手工播撒稻種
broad + cast。

broadcasts
broadcasting
broadcast
broadcasted

過去式和過去分詞可用 broadcast 或 broadcasted，但 broadcast 更常用。截止2019年，Google Books 給出326,000個有關 "was broadcast"的結果，而"was broadcasted"的結果為12,900個。

When the boys reached the business section of Bayport they found that Jackley's confession had already become known. The local radio station had broadcast it in the afternoon news program and people everywhere were discussing it.

1927 June 1, Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym: Leslie McFarlane], “A Surprise”, 出自 The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; no. 1), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

Practicing vocational service to the limit of one's vision makes a difference whether an employer regards his employees as "robots or human beings"; it makes a difference in the kind of advertisements he publishes or broadcasts; it makes a difference how he reacts under pressure from a competitor; it makes a difference in the quality of his service.

1967 January, “Four Avenues of Service”, 出自 Adventure in Service (Pamphlet [Rotary International]; 52), Evanston, Ill., Zurich: Rotary International, →OCLC，頁號 69:

The TV is broadcasting a FUZZY PICTURE that shows the weatherman from WVII, the Bango ABC affiliate.

1999 February, Stephen King, “Act 3”, 出自 Storm of the Century, trade paperback版, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN，頁號 175:

The state of Rhode Island was the scene, on October 30, 1974, of yet another scare involving an adaptation of The War of the Worlds. Broadcast on radio station WPRO, Providence, the drama frightened listeners across the state. The play began with reporters covering a "meteor crash" near Jamestown, the purported Martian landing site. […] City fire stations and other radio and TV outlets reported being inundated with inquiries from anxious callers, as was WPRO, which received more than a hundred calls.

2005, Robert E. Bartholomew, “Introduction”, 出自 H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The War of the Worlds, New York, N.Y.: Cosimo Books, →ISBN，頁號 8:

The Royal Shakespeare Company will today become the first theatre in the UK to broadcast Shakespeare direct into schools. A production of Richard II, starring David Tennant in the title role, is going to be streamed free of charge into classrooms up and down the country.

2013 November 15, “Shakespeare broadcast direct into schools for first time”, 出自 ITV News，於2017-06-13歸檔自原頁面:

將訊息傳播到廣大地區；（尤指）一次性將同一封電郵發給許多人

The break with imperialism and the liberation of Russia from the predatory war, the publication of the secret treaties and the solemn abrogation of the policy of seizing foreign soil, the proclamation of national freedom and the recognition of the independence of Finland, the declaration of Russia as a "Federation of Soviet National Republics" and the militant battle-cry of a resolute struggle against imperialism broadcast all over the world by the Soviet government in millions of pamphlets, newspapers, and leaflets in the mother tongues of the peoples of the East and West—all this could not fail to have its effect on the enslaved East and the bleeding West.

[1934], Joseph Stalin, “The October Revolution and the National Question”, 出自 The October Revolution: A Collection of Articles & Speeches (Marxist Library), London: Martin Lawrence, →OCLC, section III (The International Importance of the October Revolution)，頁號s 15–16:

However, truth and lies can usually be confirmed or denied by speaking with eyewitnesses of events in order to verify what took place. The amount of time separating the event in question from when it was broadcasted also makes a difference.

2014, Greg[ory J.] Monette, The Wrong Jesus: Fact, Belief, Legend, Truth … Making Sense of What You’ve Heard, Colorado Springs, Colo.: NavPress in alliance with Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 178:

Urban legend has it that someone is monitoring all those e-mails broadcast from your work address. Hard to imagine a more boring job but the truth is, and I shouldn't have to tell people this, the record of those e-mails is in a server somewhere and it can be monitored.

2016, Richard A. Moran, “That Permanent Record”, 出自 The Thing about Work: Showing Up and Other Important Matters: A Worker’s Manual, Brookline, Mass.: Bibliomotion, →ISBN:

I ſhall content myſelf, […] to ſay that the ſeed ſhoud be ſown in the garden, or very good ground, in rows, or broadcaſt, and as ſoon as the plants are of the ſize of a gooſe-quill, to be tranſplanted in rows of eighteen inches diſtance, and eighteen inches apart, one plant from the other: […]

1789, Thomas Boothby Parkyns, “Some Account of the Racine de Disette, or Root of Scarcity, of Its Utility, and the Mode of Treating It; from a Letter of Thomas Boothby Parkyns, Esq., Addressed to the Secretary of the above-mentioned Society [the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce].—From the Same Work [vol. 5 of the Transactions of the Society].”, 出自 The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, →OCLC，頁號 80，列號 1:

I wanted to grow my own cut flowers for the big day so three months earlier I broadcasted an annual seed mix across a few recently cleared borders.

2013 November 9, Sarah Price, “Breathing new life into an old garden [print edition: New life, old garden]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), London，於2016-05-15歸檔自原頁面，頁號 G1:


complexion

源自中古英語 complexion (“气质，性格”)，源自古法語 complexion（法語 complexion），源自中世紀拉丁語 complexiō (“气质，性格”)，源自complector，complexus (“缠绕，围绕”)的过去分词。

给...某种颜色，给...上色

源自the pale refinement of her genteel heroine to the sallow complexioning of poor white trash, Stowe colors her narrative with the hues of the body.

2003, Leland Krauth, Mark Twain & Company: Six Literary Relations，頁號 118:


consensus

源自拉丁語 cōnsēnsus (“同意，一致”)，來自cōnsentiō (“共感；同意”)；參見consent。

尋求共識；進行討論，以達成共同協議

I think we a strongly consensused society. There was a consensus during the 1950's, the Eisenhower years, in our society. Then in the 1960's came a period of division.

1975, United States. Bureau of the Census, The Census Bureau (page 168)

None of this consensusing was done with the Manual. There were no national workshops, forums, etc.

1992, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment, The Science of Wetland Definition and Delineation: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, November 12, 1991 (page 185)


graze

源自古英語 grasian (“吃草”)，源自græs (“草”)。

Although it is perfectly good meadowland, none of the villagers has ever grazed animals on the meadow on the other side of the wall.

Cattle graze in the meadows.

The bird [Canada goose] is more often found on land than other waterfowl because of its love for seeds and grains. The long neck is well adapted for grazing.

1993, John Montroll, Origami Inside-Out，頁號 41:

the bullet grazed the wall

to graze one's knee


куда

可能和名詞相關，有可能是名詞或形容詞派生出來的。根據Georgiev (БЕР)的說法，第二個意思“注意，防護”，因早期“和……交朋友”的意思而來。

ку́тя

kútja, “注意，照看小孩”


dwa

繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *dōn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *dōną，最终源自原始印歐語 *dʰeh₁-。同源詞包括古英語 dōn、古撒克遜語 dōn 和古荷蘭語 duon。


ecstasy

源自古法語 estaise (“狂喜”)，源自拉丁語 ecstasis，源自古希臘語 ἔκστασις (ékstasis)，源自ἐξίστημι (exístēmi, “取代”)，源自ἐκ (ek, “出，外”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “站”)。

Ali Agha jumped up, seized the visitor by the shoulder, compelled him to sit down, and, ecstasied by the old man's horror at the scene, filled a tumbler, and with the usual grotesque grimaces insisted upon his drinking it.

2011, Richard Francis Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, →ISBN:


правда

繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *pravьda，來自*pravъ (“正確，對的”)。

pravda (romanization)
оправда (perfective)


macular

借自拉丁語 maculāre。


macular

源自拉丁語 maculāre。


incense

源自中古英語 encens，源自古法語 encens (“气味香甜的物质”)，源自晚期拉丁語 incensum (“熏香”, 字面意思是“焚烧的东西”)，incendō (“将...点燃”)的中性过去分词。对比incendiary。同源词包括西班牙語 encender和incienso。

I think it would incense him to learn the truth.

我觉得他知道真相以后会勃然大怒。

使...变香 （尤指熏香的香）

Neither, for the future, shall any man or woman, self-styled noble, be incensed,—foolishly fumigated with incense, in Church; as the wont has been.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], 卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):


rear

来自中古英語 reren (“抬升、提升”)，古英語 rǣran (“抬升、竖立、促进、提升、创立、激发、唤醒、唤起、煽动”)，原始日耳曼語 *raizijaną、*raisijaną (“使上升”)，原始印歐語 *h₁rey- (“抬起某物本身、上升”)。
与低地蘇格蘭語 rere (“构建、建设”)，冰島語 reisa (“使提升”)，哥特語 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raisjan, “使上升、抬起、建立”)，德語 reisen (“旅行”, 字面意思是“起身离开”)同源，且是raise的同源對似詞。另请参见rise。
与rise（上升）和raise（提升）有关，两个词曾用于rear现在的几个古老或过时的意义，以及用于rear目前在英语其他方言中更常见的一些意义。

抚养成熟某物，如后代；教育；指导；培养。

He wants a father to protect his youth, and rear him up to virtue.
#*:: 他希望有一个父亲来保护他的青春，培养他的美德。

1694, Thomas Southerne, Isabella: Or The Fatal Marriage

The family has been rearing cattle for 200 years.

这家人在200年中一直饲养牛。

物理上或比喻上升高；抬出；使上升，抬升。

贫困露出了它的丑陋面目。

Poverty reared its ugly head. （出现了，开始了，开始有效果了）

怪物慢慢地抬起头来。

建造防御或房子。

在一个政府的废墟上建立另一个政府。

to rear one government on the ruins of another.


suture

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


procession

源自中古英語 processioun，借自古法語 pourciession，源自拉丁語 prōcessiō (“行进，前进；（晚期拉丁语）宗教队伍”)，源自prōcēdere，prōcessus (“前行，前进”)的过去分词，详见proceed。

To procession the lands of such persons as desire it.

1856, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary, PROCESSIONING:


ejaculate

借自拉丁語 ēiaculātus，ēiaculor (“投掷，射出”)的完成时被动过去分词，源自ē (“出”) + iaculor (“扔，抛”)，源自iaculum (“投射物”)，源自iaciō (“丢出，掷出”)。

The mighty Magnet from the Center darts / This ſtrong, tho' ſubtile Force, thro' all the Parts: / Its active Rays ejaculated thence, / Irradiate all the wide Circumference.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1712年，Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem. Demonstrating the Existence and Providence of a God. In Seven Books, book I, London: Printed for S. Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's Head over-against Catherine-Street in the Strand, OCLC 731619916; 5th edition, Dublin: Printed by S. Powell, for G. Risk, G. Ewing, and W. Smith, in Dame's-street, 1727, OCLC 728300884, page 7:

The spermatophores begin to ejaculate immediately after leaving the penis and the whole process is completed in a very few seconds. Pulling the filament attached to the ejaculatory end of a spermatophore is all that is needed to start its ejaculation.

1910 June 20, Gilman A. Drew, “Sexual Activities of the Squid, Loligo pealii (Les.). I. Copulation, Egg-laying and Fertilization”, 出自 Journal of Morphology, 卷 22, 期 2, Philadelphia, Pa.: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 出版於 1911，頁號 334:


stall

古英语的steall, "standing place", "position"。参阅荷兰文的stal, "cattle shed", 德文的Stall, "cattle shed", 古挪威语的Old Norse stallr。与"stand"同源。

使用拖延策略来抵抗某人；


brim

源自中古英語 brim、brem、brimme (“河边，岸边，湖边，海边”)，可能源自中古英語 brim (“海，海浪，海滨”)。见上文。同源词包括荷蘭語 berm (“岸，河岸”)、巴伐利亞語 Bräm (“边界”)、德語 Bräme、Brame (“边界”)、丹麥語 bræmme (“边界，边缘”)、瑞典語 bräm (“边界”)、冰島語 barmur (“边界，边缘”)。与berm有关。


stethoscope

借自法語 stéthoscope，由听诊器发明者，雷奈克医生所造，等价于stetho- + -scope。

you wish me to submit to be stethoscoped; if so, you shall be gratified, although the prospect of undergoing that, or any other operation at Mr. Pigwidgeon's hands, is not the most agreeable

1852, Marmion Wilme Savage, Reuben Medlicott; or, the Coming Man


germinate

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 5, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


vinegar

本詞語需要釋義。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


тут

來自原始突厥語 *tut- (“抓牢”)，對照土耳其語 tutmak。

эргимтэтэ тут

квадратта тут


prejudice

來自中古英語 prejudice，來自古法語 prejudice，來自拉丁語 praeiūdicium (“前例，前判；傷害，損害”)，來自prae- (“之前”) + iūdicium (“審判”)。

對（某人的地位、機會等）產生負面影響

引起偏見；使人的思想產生偏差


fret

源自中古英語 frēten (“吃，侵蝕，摧毀，煩擾”)，源自古英語 fretan (“吃掉，吞噬；破裂，爆裂”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *fraetan，源自原始日耳曼語 *fraetaną (“消耗，吞食，吃掉”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *fra- (“完全，完整”)（源自原始印歐語 *pro- (“朝著，向前”)）+ *etaną (“吃”)（源自原始印歐語 *h₁ed- (“吃”)）。
與荷蘭語 vreten、fretten (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、低地德語 freten (“吃掉”)、德語 fressen (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、哥特語 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “吞食”)、瑞典語 fräta (“吃掉，侵蝕，腐蝕”)同源；亦與丹麥語 fråse (“狼吞虎嚥”)有關。
“摩擦”之義可能是因與盎格魯-諾曼語 *freiter（現代法語 fretter (方言)）的音近而混同，其源自通俗拉丁語 *frictāre，是拉丁語 fricāre的反覆體，源自fricō (“摩擦”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰreyH- (“切割”)；對比古法語 froter（現代法語 frotter）。來源推測的主要阻礙是缺少古法語詞彙的證明。

frets
fretting
fretted
fret
frate
fretted
fretten

Their hearts alreadie fretted and cankered at the very roote, for the last disgrace received.

1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, Philemon Holland, transl., 章號 XIV, 出自 The Roman Historie, containing Such Acts and Occurrents as Passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, Emperours, book IX, London: Printed by Adam Islip, →OCLC，頁號 322:

And could we let a Light into their Bosoms, we should see them generally fretted and cankered with this secret and corroding Venom.

1727–1728, Mather Byles [et al.], 編者Bruce [Ingham] Granger, Proteus Echo (1727–28): A Series of Essays and Poems [...] that Appeared in the New-England Weekly Journal [...] (History of Psychology Series; 420), Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 出版於 1986, →ISBN，頁號 75:

A Perſon of Honour, of a full Body abounding with ſharp Humours, was ſeized with an Herpes on his right Leg. [...] [I]t inflamed and ſwelled very much, many Wheals aroſe, and fretted one into another, with great Excoriation.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “[A Treatise of Tumors.] Of an Herpes”, 出自 Severall Chirurgical Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston bookseller to His Most Sacred Majesty, and B[enjamin] Took at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，頁號 80:

We sometimes perform an operation on the under lip [...] in consequence of / Cancer Labii [cancer of the lips], / Which disease generally arises from the use of a pipe, and the manner in which it happens is this:—the adhesive nature of the clay of which the pipe is made, causes it to adhere to the lip; at length the cuticle becomes torn off, and the continued irritation frets the sore into true cancerous disease.

1823–1824, A[stley Paston] Cooper, “Lecture LII”, 出自 The Lancet. [...] In Two Volumes, 3rd版, 卷 II, London: Knight and Lacey, Paternoster-Row; and G. L. Hutchinson, the Lancet office, Strand, 出版於 1826, →OCLC，頁號s 100–101:

使躁動，使不平靜，激起漣漪

to fret the surface of water

Yorke hereupon conſults with his ſpeciall friends; [...] how Yorke might get the Crowne of England, and for that cauſe how to ruine or fret out the Duke of Sommerſet; who ſtanding, they were to looke for ſtrong oppoſition.

1611, John Speed, “Henrie the Sixth, King of England, and France, Lord of Ireland: The Three and Fiftieth Monarch of England, His Raigne, Actes, and Issve”, 出自 The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. [...], Imprinted at London: [By William Hall and John Beale] [...] and are to be solde by Iohn Sudbury & Georg Humble, in Popes-head alley at ye signe of ye white Horse, →OCLC; 再版 London: Printed by Iohn Beale, for George Hvmble, and are to be sold in Popes-head Pallace, at the signe of the White Horse, 1614, →OCLC, book 9, paragraph 55，頁號 665，列號 1:

We are all hurrying down the one common stream to the great ocean of eternity: but are we performing our social duties, as citizens of the world, in sculking away into holes and corners, to fret out time and life, because God has judged fit to withdraw the favourite toy he lent us—not making us destitute—but graciously leaving in our keeping, ten thousand toys beside.

1835, Louisa Sidney Stanhope, “Conclusion”, 出自 Sydney Beresford. A Tale of the Day. [...] In Three Volumes, 卷 III, London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，頁號 274:

The Mines are cold where the outward Air comes in; but where not, warm. The greateſt trouble they have is by duſt, which ſpoileth their Lungs and Stomachs, and frets their Skins.

1677, Edward Browne, “A Journey from Vienna in Austria to Hamburg”, 出自 An Account of Several Travels through a Great Part of Germany: In Four Journeys. [...], London: Printed for Benj[amin] Tooke, and are to be sold at the sign of the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，頁號 136:

You may see the surges wear and fret away the basement of the cliff against which they dash themselves, and the mass of broken rock falls into the depth and disappears, and then it is carried away by the tide as it retires.

1881, Frederick W[illiam] Robertson, “The Peace of God”, 出自 “The Human Race” and Other Sermons Preached at Cheltenham, Oxford, and Brighton, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁號 233:

In all the present cases it is the aortic valves that are the source of the mischief. Vegetations, massive, tough, and often calcareous have formed upon these valves, and as they were drive to and fro by the blood-stream have fretted the parts with which they came into contact, and aneurysm at these spots has been the frequent result.

1886 January 5, Samuel West, “Some Aneurysms of the Heart, Many of the Cases Exhibiting the Effects of Erosion”, 出自 Transactions of the Pathological Society of London, 卷s XXXVII (Comprising the Report of the Proceedings for the Session 1885–86), London: Smith, Elder & Co., 15, Waterloo Place, →OCLC，頁號 159:

Fret not thy ſelfe becauſe of euill doers, neither bee thou enuious againſt the workers of iniquitie.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 37:1:


fret

來自中古英語 frēten (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 freté、freter、fretter (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 fret（來自fraindre (“打破”)，來自拉丁語 frangō (“破壞，粉碎”)，來自原始意大利語 *frangō，源頭來自原始印歐語 *bʰreg- (“破壞”)）+ 古法語 -er (動詞形後綴)（來自拉丁語 -āre，源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₃enh₂- (“重壓”)）。

（尤指用交錯或交織的圖案）裝飾； 用雕刻或浮雕裝飾

The sun shone brilliantly through the trembling leaves, birds of many colors flitted from spray to spray, butterflies and bright insects crossed the fretted work of light and shade.

1882 July 29, J. Henry Shorthouse, “The Marquis Jeanne Hyacinth De St. Palaye [from Macmillan’s Magazine]”, 出自 Littel’s Living Age, 卷 XXXIX (Fifth Series; volume CLIV overall), 期 1988, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Co., →OCLC, section V，頁號 228，列號 1:


fret

來自中古英語 freten (“捆”)，來自古法語 freter，來自frete (“金屬包頭”)（現代法語 frette）。用來表示音樂意思的源頭未知；可能來自 frete 或來自 fret（摩擦）。

音樂方面的意思： 在（樂器）上裝上品

to fret a guitar

音樂方面的意思： 將琴弦壓在品的後面


lament

源自法語 lamenter，源自拉丁語 lāmentor (“哀嚎，恸哭”)，源自lāmenta (“哀嚎，恸哭”)，带构词要素-mentum，源自词根*la-，可能最终是拟声词。参见latrare。

Euston is so traditionally a part of the London scene that many will lament the passing of the old station when rebuilding is complete in readiness for the new electric service, which will probably be by multiple-units between Euston and Wolverhampton.

1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，頁號 99:

By the end, Sunderland were lucky to lose by the same scoreline Northampton Town suffered against Southampton, in 1921. The Sunderland manager, Gus Poyet, lamented that it was “the most embarrassed I’ve ever been on a football pitch, without a doubt”.

2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, 出自 The Guardian:


pox

源自中古英語 pocke的复数形式。见pock。

Jack had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded Peg that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, †Signiora Bubonia. “As for his brother Lord Peter, the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the corona. […]”

[1750?], Dr. [John] Arbuthnot, “The History of John Bull: Part II, Chapter III”, 出自 The History of John Bull [by Dr. Arbuthnot]. And Poems on ſeveral Occasions by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miſcellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. Pope, London: D. Midwinter, A. Tonson，頁號 60:


heed

源自中古英語 hēden，源自古英語 hēdan (“注意，关心，观察，负责，占有，接受”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hōdijan (“注意，保卫”)，源自原始印歐語 *kadʰ- (“注意，保护”)。与西弗里斯蘭語 hoedje (“留心，注意”)、荷蘭語 hoeden (“留心，注意”)、德語 hüten (“留心，注意”)同源。

With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.

1567, John Dryden translating Ovid, Metamorphoses Book 1

"It comes back to me that I wanted to say something to the driver and that I couldn't make him heed me."

1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt:

Tolokonnikova not only tried to adjust to life in the penal colony but she even tried to heed the criticism levied at her by colony representatives during a parole hearing.

2013 September 23, Masha Gessen, "Life in a Russian Prison," New York Times （获取于2013年9月24日）:

Barker's proposal to try out new equipment before mass introduction should also have been heeded, because traction components bought without trialling for the Glasgow and Great Eastern schemes gave trouble.

2020 July 29, David Clough, “AC/DC: the big switch in power supply”, 出自 Rail，頁號 65:


congee

源自晚期中古英語 congie，源自古法語 congié、congiet（现代法語 congé），源自拉丁語 commeātus (“通行许可，批准离开”)，源自commeō (“来和去”)，源自con- + meō (“走，通过”)。比喻义借自法語 congé中的词义演化。

给...前文名词词义代表的事物 (尤指：)

给...前文名词词义代表的事物 (尤指：)
批准，许可


waħħal

繼承自阿拉伯語 وَحَّلَ (waḥḥala)。

Waħħalt il-kartolina mal-ħajt.

Waħħluh sentejn ħabs.


fulminate

源自拉丁語 fulminātus，fulminō (“照亮，（雷电）劈”)的过去分词，源自fulmen (“引起着火的雷电”)，源自早期形式*fulgmen、*fulgimen，源自fulgeō、fulgō (“闪，照亮”)。fulmine的同源對似詞。详见fulgent。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fulminate.wav

以...斥责，以...责备，以...批评，以...谴责

In short, the criticism which the great lexicographer fulminated against an unfortunate author, seems to have been adopted by the profession as applicable to everything under the sun […]

1855, William Neilson, Mesmerism in its relation to health and disease (page 46)

the present owners couldn't afford the electric bills anymore, several amateur gaffers, sad to say, having already been fulminated trying to bootleg power in off the municipal lines.

2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage 2010, p. 235:


plump

源自中古英語 plump、plompe，借自中古荷蘭語 plomp或中古低地德語 plump。

使...变胖，使...变圆，充满；常与up连用

to plump oysters or scallops by placing them in fresh or brackish water

将牡蛎或扇贝放到淡水或咸水里使其变大

to plump a stone into water


папа

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)

papa (romanization)
се напапа (perfective)
испапа (perfective)


shriek

源自弃用词shrick（1567年）、shreke，早期形式screak、skricke的变体（1500年代前），源自中古英語 scrycke，源自某北日耳曼語支/斯堪的纳维亚语言（对比瑞典語 skrika、丹麥語 skrige、冰島語 skríkja），源自原始日耳曼語 *skrīkijaną、*skrik-（对比英語 screech）。还见screech。

The ghostly owl, shrieking his baleful note.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto IX”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 33:

She shrieked his name to the dark woods.


seep

sipe的变体，其源自中古英語 *sipen，源自古英語 sipian，源自原始日耳曼語 *sipōną，派生自*sīpaną（对比中古荷蘭語 sīpen (“滴”)、德國低地德語 siepern (“渗透”)，古旧德語 seifen (“滴血”)），源自原始印歐語 *seyb-、*sib- (“倒出，滴”)（对比拉丁語 sēbum (“板油”)、古希臘語 εἴβω (eíbō, “滴”)。参见soap。

The crack is seeping water.

If the crack is seeping water, the foam totally stops the leakage.

Just when I thought I was done checking it over, I smelled coolant....remove the engine cover and bam! 1 inch crack is seeping coolant!


suffocate

源自拉丁語 suffōcāre，源自sub- (“在...之下”) + fōx (“喉咙”)

to suffocate fire


ċaqċaq

/ˈt͡ʃaʔ.t͡ʃaʔ/


peel

源自中古英語 pelen，源自古英語 pilian、古法語 peler、pellier，源自拉丁語 pilō, pilāre (“剝皮，去除……的毛髮”)，源自pilus (“頭髮，毛髮”)。pill的同源對似詞。

I sat by my sister's bed, peeling oranges for her.

我坐在姊/妹的床上，給她削橙子吃。

I peeled (the skin from) a banana and ate it hungrily.

我剝開香蕉皮，狼吞虎嚥地吃起香蕉來。

We peeled the old wallpaper off in strips where it was hanging loose.

我們把鬆垮的舊墻紙扯下來。


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]

1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, 出自 ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd版, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC，頁號 189:


convince

源自拉丁語 convincō (“說服，駁斥”)，來自con- + vincō (“攻佔，征服”)。convict的同源對似詞。替代本土古英語 oferreċċan。

[…]his two Chamberlaines / Will I with Wine, and Waſſell, ſo conuince, / That Memorie, the Warder of the Braine, / Shall be a Fume,[…]

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vii]，頁號 135:

And therfore, God neuer wrought Miracle, to conuince Atheiſme, becauſe his Ordinary Works conuince it.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Atheisme. XVI.”, 出自 The Essayes […], 3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC，頁號 90:

Which of you conuinceth mee of ſinne?

你們中間誰能指證我有罪呢？

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 8:46，列號 1:


abbanduna

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


patrol

源自法語 patrouiller，源自古法語 patrouiller (“蹚水；四处走；巡逻”)，源自patte (“爪子”)。

to patrol a frontier

to patrol a beat

Whether attempting to keep the peace in Bosnia, evacuating American citizens from Albania, or patrolling the world's seas and skies, our service men and women risk capture by unfriendly foreign forces.

April 8 1997, Bill Clinton, Proclamation 6983


throng

源自中古英語 throng、thrang，源自古英語 þrang、ġeþrang (“挤压，人群，吵嚷”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *þrangwą、*þrangwō (“人群”)，源自*þrangwaz (“挤压”)，源自原始印歐語 *trenkʷ- (“殴打，击打；砍劈；按压”)。与荷蘭語 drang、德語 Drang同源。亦对比德語 Gedränge (“人群”)。

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935, George Goodchild, 章號 5, 出自 Death on the Centre Court:

有一大群人跟隨耶穌，並擁擠他。

Much people followed him, and thronged him.


surname

部分转借法语 surnom ← 古法语 surnum, surnoun（“别名；绰号”）（中古英语 sournoun之源） ← 晚期拉丁语 supernōmen, suprānōmen ← super-（“超过，在……之上”） + nōmen（“名字”）。


diet

源自中古英語 dieten、dyeten、diȝeten，源自古法語 dïeter以及中世紀拉丁語 diētāre。

When all signs of effusion, dulness, pain, œgophony, and cough had disappeared he was dieted, stimulated, and tonicked.

1887, Medical Press and Circular, 卷 94，頁號 461:

As illustrating the belief that the Baptism by Blood was accompanied by a real regeneration of the devotee, Frazer quotes an ancient writer who says that for some time after the ceremony the fiction of a new birth was kept up by dieting the devotee on milk, like a new-born babe.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 出版於 1921，頁號 45:

But partly led to diet my revenge :Template:…。

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, (请用大写罗马数字指定剧本幕号，并用小写罗马数字指定剧本场号):


vendre

繼承自拉丁語 vēndere，vēndō (“賣”) 的現在主動不定式。


vendre

繼承自古法語 vendre，繼承自拉丁語 vēndere。同源詞包括意大利語 vendere、西班牙語 vender


dip

源自中古英語 dippen，源自古英語 dyppan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *duppjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *dupjaną，见*daupijaną。与deep有关。

Dip your biscuit into your tea.

He dipped the end of a towel in cold water and with it began to flick him on the face, his wife all the while holding her face between her hands and sobbing in a way that was heart breaking to hear.

1897, Bram Stoker, 章號 21, 出自 Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

Dip your lights as you meet an oncoming car.

有来车时要把远光灯换成近光灯。

将...降至一半高度 （旗帜，尤指国旗，来表示投降或还礼，称为点旗礼）

The sailor rushed to the flag hoist to dip the flag in return.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

The farmer is going to dip the cattle today.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

new dipt Sectaries

(Can we date this quote?), Thomas Fuller, The Appeal of Iniured Innocence:

[…] during the reigns of King James and King Charles I, there were but very few children dipped in the font.

c. 1722, Charles Wheatly, A rational illustration of the Book of Common Prayer:

A cold shuddering dew / Dips me all o'er.

1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “Comus”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:

to dip water from a boiler; to dip out water

做跟舞者身体重心倾斜由领舞者支撑的动作（一般领舞者做主语）

（短暂）弯腿 （尤指唱歌跳舞时的动作）


estate

繼承自中古英語 estat，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 estat和古法語 estat（法語：état），來自拉丁語 status。state和status的同源對似詞。


stifle

动词派生自晚期中古英語 stuflen (“因炎热而难以呼吸；淹水，因呛水窒息”) [以及其他形式]，之后词源不详，可能源自stuffen (“通过窒息杀死；因闷热窒息；压制，灭杀；剥夺植物的生长条件”) + -el- (动词的衍生性中缀，可能意指指小，程度增强或反复性动作和事件)。 stuffen派生自古法語 estofer、estouffer (“使...窒息，勒死；（比喻义）压制，抑制”) [以及其他形式]（现代法語 étouffer），变换自estoper、estuper (“阻塞；绷紧，使...变厚”)（现代法語 étouper (“填补”)），受到了estofer (“给...装垫子”)（现代法語 étoffer）的影响。estoper派生自通俗拉丁語 *stuppāre，源自拉丁語 stuppa (“粗亚麻”)（作为填塞材料，源自古希臘語 στύπη (stúpē)、στύππη (stúppē)（对比στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)），可能源自前希臘語 ）+ -āre。据《牛津英语词典》，其派生自古諾爾斯語 stífla (“筑坝；阻塞”)的说法“在词形和词义方面难有说服力”。
名词派生自动词。

smother

使...窒息；将...闷死

suffocate

使...窒息；将...闷死

使...窒息；将...闷死

I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.

1708, Jonathan Swift, Accomplishment of the First Prediction:

The heat was stifling the children.

The army stifled the rebellion.

I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled.

1723, Daniel Waterland, A Second Vindication of Christ's Divinity:

In fact, there was no suggestion of that, although Wolves deployed men behind the ball to stifle the league leaders in a first-half that proved very frustrating for City.

2011 October 29, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3-3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:


stifle

The stifle (sense 1) is indicated as number 27 in this drawing of a horse.
A dog’s stifle (sense 1) is indicated as number 12 in the above illustration.
名词派生自中古英語 stifle (“四足动物的股骨和胫骨之间的关节”) [以及其他形式]，之后词源不详，可能派生自盎格魯-諾曼語 estive (“腿”)及古法語 estive (“腿”)（对比古法語 estival (“靴，鞋”)）。
动词派生自名词。

使...的后腿膝关节挫伤，脱臼等 （动物）


entdecken

entdeckt
entdeckte
entdeckt
haben (auxiliary)

[ɛnˈd̥ɛ.kŋ̍]

Wir haben einen Bären im Wald entdeckt.

我们在树林里发现了一只熊。

Ich habe entdeckt, dass sie eine Invasion planen.

我发现他们在谋划一场侵略。


endow

源自晚期中古英語 endowen、endouen、enduen、indouen、indw (“给...钱财，生计或特权；授予；（比喻义）有利于；赋予”)，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 endouer，源自古法語 en- (“进入”之意的后缀) + douer (“授予”)（源自拉丁語 dōtāre（dōtō (“授予”)的现在主动不定式），现代法語 douer）。 dōtō又源自dōs (“彩礼；捐赠，赠礼”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *deh₃- (“给”)） + -ō (构成规则第一类变位动词的后缀)。

Men began to build Churches on their own Grounds, at their own Charges, and to endow theſe; and they were naturally the Maſters, and in the true Signification of the Roman word, the Patrons of them.

1713, Gilbert Lord Bishop of Sarum [i.e., Gilbert Burnet], “The Additional Chapter. Chap. X. Of Presentations to Benefices, and Simony”, 出自 The New Preface and Additional Chapter to the Third Edition of the Pastoral Care. […], London: Printed for D. Midwinter […], and B. Cowse […]; [a]nd sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC，頁號s 27–28:

Finding her quite incorrigible in this respect, Emma suffered her to depart; but not before she had confided to her that important and never-sufficiently-to-be-taken-care-of answer, and endowed her moreover with a pretty little bracelet as a keepsake.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, 出自 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 卷 III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 20，頁號 46:

The blessing of private initiative for public affairs is destined to be appreciated more deeply. Empty government coffers and a regular exchange of views with experts from all over the world add impetus, even if concepts developed indigenously sometimes still lack a realistic approach to the vital issue of endowing and funding new foundations.

1999, Rupert Graf Strachwitz, “Foundations in Germany and Their Revival in East Germany after 1989”, 出自 Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective (Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies), New York, N.Y.: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 232:

Wherby we bith lerned þat it shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed; ffor ellis the patriarke wolde not haue made such a trety.

Whereby we have learned that it shall not only be good to our prince, but also to ourselves, that he be well endowed; for else the patriarch would not have made such a treaty.]

[c. 1471, John Fortescue, “Here is Shewid, What off the Kynges Livelod Geven awey, mey Beste be Taken a Geyn”, 出自 Charles Plummer 編, The Governance of England: Otherwise Called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy […] (in 中古英語), London: Oxford University Press; Humphrey Milford, 出版於 1885 (1926 printing), →OCLC，頁號 135:

Vpon her eyelids many Graces ſate, / Vnder the ſhadow of her euen browes, / VVorking belgardes [beautiful looks], and amorous retrate [portrait], / And euerie one her with a grace endowes: […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto III”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 25，頁號 225:

Father Omnipotent, our Lord and only Redeemer, / […] with thy grace my ſpirit endow: […]

1599, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. when He was but Earle of Richmond, Grandfather to the Queenes Maiesty: […], imprinted at London: By R. B. […], →OCLC; 再版為 J[ohn] P[ayne] C[ollier] 編, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. […] (Illustrations of Old English Literature; no. 11), [London?: s.n.], 1866, →OCLC，頁號 31:

Firſt, it is needfull that we be indowed with humility of ſpirit, that denying our owne ſelves and carnall reaſon, wee may ſubmit to take ſuch ſence and meaning of the Scripture, as it of it ſelfe affords, with the aſſiſtance of the helps of the Church; and not to impoſe upon it any ſenſe of our owne making; […]

1637, John Sym, “The Self-murderers Motives to Kill Themselves”, 出自 Lifes Preservative against Self-killing. Or, A Vsefvl Treatise Concerning Life and Self-murder; […], London: Printed by M[iles] Flesher, for R[obert] Dawlman, and L[uke] Fawne, […], →OCLC, §4 (Of Misunderstood Scripture Perverting the Iudgement; and the Remedy thereof)，頁號 199:

[A]midst so many vicissitudes of fortune to which I have been exposed, amongst all the goods and evils, the joyful and gloomy, the pleasing and disagreeable circumstances of life, thou [God] endowest me with an equal, constant, manly, and superior spirit on every occasion.

1811, Benjamin Stillingfleet, 章號 VIII, 出自 W[illiam] Coxe 編, Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet, […], 卷 I (Literary Life), London: Printed by J[ames] Nichols and Son, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC，頁號 119:

Thus was he [John Boyle O'Reilly] fitted to fulfill worthily the vocation of a poet. For it is not aimlessly that Divine Providence endows a human being with qualities so exceptional and exalted.

1890 October 13, James Gibbons, “Introduction”, 出自 James Jeffrey Roche, 編者Mrs. John Boyle O’Reilly [i.e., Mary Agnes Murphy], Life of John Boyle O’Reilly, […] Together with His Complete Poems and Speeches, New York, N.Y.: Cassell Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1891, →OCLC，頁號 vi:

[P]roper use of sensory feedback is required to grant the industrial robot the required sensing capabilities and to endow it with the intelligence needed for detecting and adjusting to environmental disturbances.

1993, H. Zghal, D. R. Strong, “A Perspective on the Use of Sensors in Robot Materials Handling”, 出自 M. B. Zaremba 編, Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology 1992: Selected Papers from the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IMACS/ISPE Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 25–28 May 1992 (IFAC Symposia Series), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, →ISBN，頁號 129，列號 2:

General relativity endows spacetime with a causal structure described by observer-invariant light cones. […] Points inside a light cone are causally connected with its vertex, while points outside the same light cone are out-of-causal contact with its vertex.

2005, Maurice H. P. M. van Putten, “Superluminal Motion in the Quasar 3C273”, 出自 Gravitational Radiation, Luminous Black Holes, and Gamma-ray Burst Supernovae, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁號 1:

Just as we may endow people with physical properties, so we sometimes endow physical objects with human-like personalities or subjective states. Perhaps because of their capacity for interior accommodation, cars, ships, airplanes and even houses are often given female characteristics or referred to as 'she'.

2015, Michael C[harles] Corballis, “Wandering into Other Minds”, 出自 The Wandering Mind: What the Brain Does when You’re Not Looking, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →DOI, →ISBN，頁號 77:

It's bulging with giant confidence and packed with outbursts of that mysterious epiphanic grandeur, like moments of sunlight breaking through cloud-cover, with which [Jacques] Audiard endows apparently normal sequences and everyday details.

2016 April 7, Peter Bradshaw, “Dheepan review – a crime drama packed with epiphanic grandeur”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2018-12-30歸檔自原頁面:

Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."

2023 March 22, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, 出自 RAIL, 期 979，頁號 31:

She was endowed with a beautiful voice.

And thus shal the aged Courtier, although he exercise not the qualities that he is indowed withal, comebye his ende at length, to instructe well hys Prince.

1561, Baldassare Castiglione, “The Fourth Booke of the Courtyer of Count Baldessar Castilio unto Maister Alphonsus Aristo”, 出自 Thomas Hoby（譯者）, 編者W[illiam] E[rnest] Henley, The Book of the Courtier: From the Italian of Count Baldassare Castiglione: Done into English (The Tudor Translations; XXIII), London: Published by David Nutt […], 出版於 1900, →OCLC，頁號s 337–338:

[T]he late Monſ. Du Faye [i.e., Charles François de Cisternay du Fay] obſerv'd, that there were two Sorts of Electricity, and that Bodies which are endow'd with one Sort of Electricity attract thoſe which are endow'd with the other Sort of Electricity, whilſt they repel thoſe which have the ſame Electricity.

1744, J[ohn] T[heophilus] Desaguliers, “Lecture X. Hydrostaticks.”, 出自 A Course of Experimental Philosophy, 卷 II, London: Printed for W. Innys, […]; M. Senex, […]; and T[homas] Longman, […], →OCLC，頁號 349:

He [Richard Watson] produced many chemical, phyſical, and metaphyſical reaſons, which ſeem to render the ſuppoſition not altogether indefenſible, that vegetables are endowed with the faculty of perception.

1787 December, “Art. XI. Chemical Essays. By R. Watson, […] Vol. V. 12mo. 4s. sewed. Evans. 1787. [book review]”, 出自 The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, 卷 LXXVII, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC，頁號 469:

A young violinist, thirteen years old—Mischa Elman—made his first appearance in Paris on April 2nd, in his own concert at the Salle de Agriculteurs. […] Mischa Elman, indeed, is endowed with most precious gifts, for his art combines the legendary virtuosity of [Niccolò] Paganini with the fulness of sound, the purity of style, and the nobility of expression of [Joseph] Joachim.

1905 June 1, “Letter from Paris”, 出自 The Monthly Musical Record, 卷 XXXV, 期 414, London: Augener Limited, […], →OCLC，頁號 113，列號 1:

给...逝世丈夫的遗产 （寡妇）；给...嫁妆 （新娘） （参见dower和dowry）

And if a man entice a maide that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he ſhall ſurely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuſe to giue her vnto him, he ſhall pay money according to the dowrie of virgins.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 22:16–17，列號 1:

A widow may be endowed of all her husband's lands, tenements, and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, under the restrictions before-mentioned, unless there be some special reason to the contrary. Thus, a woman shall not be endowed of a castle built for defence of the realm, because it ought not to be divided. But of a castle that is only for the private use and habitation of the owner, a woman shall be endowed.

1823, Peter Lovelass, Niel Gow, “Of the Descent of Real Estates, or Estates of Inheritance. […]”, 出自 The Law’s Disposal of a Person’s Estate who Dies without Will or Testament. […], 11th版, London: Printed for R. Pheney, Charles Hunter, J. and W. T. Clarke, and H[enry] Butterworth, →OCLC, section II (How the Law Disposes of a Wife’s Real Estate; […])，頁號 125:


activate

activate the economy

The pranksters activated the fire alarm by spraying deodorant next to it.

恶作剧者通过在旁边喷洒除臭剂来触发火警警报。

加速化學反應，例如用加熱等方式

組織、建立軍事單位或駐地

A new squadron was activated.


ether

源自2001年美國歌手纳斯的歌曲“Ether”。

The battle rapper ethered his opponent and caused him to slink away in shame.

那個說唱歌手惡毒地羞辱了他的對手一番，整得他溜走了。

HS Coach Gets Ethered By Girlfriend On FB, Resigns Amid Investigation [article title] […] On Monday, a woman living in Bowling Green, Ky., used her Facebook page to unleash one of the coldest, boyfriend-crushingest Dear John letters you'll ever read.

2014 February 26, Tom Ley, “HS Coach Gets Ethered by Girlfriend on FB, Resigns Amid Investigation”, 出自 Deadspin，於2018-10-22歸檔自原頁面:

Cory Barker: Game of Thrones is the easiest answer for me, but MaryAnn [Sleasman] did a fine job of ethering that overrated hunk of junk, so I'm free to take a few shots at Sherlock.

2015 August 15, “Pass the Remote: What is a Popular Show Everyone Loves but You Hate?”, 出自 TV.com，於2018-12-20歸檔自原頁面:

Best of all, [Steven] Soderbergh, a shade queen of our time!!!, slyly ethers James Cameron: […]

2015 September 15, Kirsten Yoonsoo Kim, “Steven Soderbergh Ethers James Cameron to Promote His Brandy”, 出自 Complex，於2015-09-19歸檔自原頁面:

On Wednesday, I found myself nodding along vigorously to the latest Kanye West Twitter screed, as this particular iteration included a call for more inclusion at the Grammys and one extremely polite ethering of Macklemore.

2016 February 25, Rohan Nadkarni, “How does Kanye West Tweet So Fast?: Some Working Theories—because these Rants are Coming at a Record Speed”, 出自 GQ，於2016-02-28歸檔自原頁面:


taper

源自中古英語 taper，源自古英語 tapor (“蜡烛，灯芯”)，其词源不详。可能源自拉丁語 papyrus (“纸莎草”，中世纪时指“蜡烛芯”)。若如此，则是papyrus和paper的同源對似詞。另可能源自凱爾特語族中某个与愛爾蘭語 tapar、威爾士語 tampr (“火把”)有关的词，亦对比梵語 तपती (tápati, “温暖，发热”)。还见tepid。

使...的末端变细或变窄


taper

繼承自中古法語 taper，源自古法語 tapper、taper (“拍”)，源自日耳曼語族，源自古法蘭克語 *tappōn、*dabbōn (“击打”)或源自中古低地德語 tappen、tapen (“击打”)，两者最终源自原始日耳曼語 *dab- (“击”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰebʰ- (“击打；无言”)。与德語 tappen (“摸索”)、荷蘭語 deppen (“拍”)、冰島語 tappa、tapsa、tæpta (“拍”)、英語 dab有关。


receive

正體: 接收[電子計算機]


send

正體: 發送[自由軟體]

简体: 发送[自由软体]

正體: 發送[電子計算機]


spent

spend 的過去式和過去分詞


brought

bring 的過去式和過去分詞


found

find 的過去式和過去分詞


told

tell 的過去式和過去分詞


question

中古英語 question, questioun, questiun < 盎格魯-諾曼語 questiun < 古法語 question < 拉丁語 quaestiōnem

正體: 詢問；問題[電子計算機]


trance

源自中古英語 traunce，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 transe (“对邪恶降临的恐惧；从生到死的过程”)，源自transir (“因恐惧而僵住；死亡”)，源自拉丁語 trānseō (“穿过”)。

entrance

使...昏迷，使...出神

使...昏迷，使...出神

The Horned Toad (kɛŋkak) tranced the rivers into being. A bakɔh bird tranced the mountains. The Scrub Bulbul (ˀɛsˀããs) drilled fire into existence with its beak. And, finally, the Bronzed Black Drongo (tɛrhɛɛh) tranced the year […]

2014, Geoffrey Benjamin, Temiar Religion, 1964-2012, page 64:

What is interesting for us here is that Chingkai and her familiars dreamed and tranced the Temiar world into being. […]

1995, Sue Jennings, Kevin Jennings, Theatre, Ritual, and Transformation: The Senoi Temiars, page 111:


cover

正體: 隱蔽層[電機工程]

正體: 封套[自由軟體]

简体: 覆盖[自由软体]

正體: 蓋子[電子計算機]


cook

:< 古英語 cōc < 拉丁語 cocus。 其他大陆日耳曼语中的类似词汇，如德語 Koch，是早前词汇借用的结果。


há

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


adular

借自拉丁語 adūlārī。


adular

借自拉丁語 adūlārī。


till

正體: （錢箱）抽屜[電子計算機]


azure

源自中古英語 asure，源自古法語 azur，派生自阿拉伯語 لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward, “青金石”)，l 被误解为法语冠词 l’ 而被删去。阿拉伯语词源自古典波斯語 لاجورد (lājward, “青金石”)，源自巴达克山处Lajward地区的名字。
对比意大利語 azzurro及西班牙語 azul。

Our readers are aware that much of the sugar sold in many countries goes through an azuring treatment; blue is added to granulated sugar with the view of making it appear whiter than it actually is.


put

正體: put 命令[電子計算機]


built

build 的過去式和過去分詞


build

正體: 建立[自由軟體]

简体: 建立[自由软体]

正體: 建立[電子計算機]


sold

sell 的過去式和過去分詞


buy

正體: 購買[電子計算機]


rejoin

/ɹiːˈd͡ʒɔɪn/


explain

正體: 解釋[電子計算機]


recall

正體: 重呼叫，二次呼叫[通訊工程]

正體: 再呼叫；喚回；回憶[電子計算機]


nähdä

:< 原始乌拉尔语 *näke，与匈牙利语 néz 同源。

动词：（被动）näkyä（-> （使役）näyttää -> （反复）näytellä


sent

send 的過去式和過去分詞


accept

首見於1380年。繼承自中古英語 accepten，借自古法語 accepter，或直接源自拉丁語 acceptō, acceptāre (“接受”)，源自accipiō，源自 ad- + capiō (“拿”)。


holen

源自中古高地德語 holen, holn ← 古高地德語 holōn, holēn (“拿，拉，抓”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *hulōną, *hulēną (“叫，喚；拿”)。更多請見 haul.

Hol noch einen Stuhl!

（常接反身與格）得到,获得

Ich hol mir morgen ’n neuen Fernseher.

明天我就要拿到新電視了。


aquirar

借自英語 acquire、法語 acquérir、德語 akquirieren、意大利語 acquisire、西班牙語 adquirir。

（透過自己的努力）獲得，取得，贏得，（透過購買、勞動等）成為…的擁有者

Lu aquiris nova automobilo.

Mea patri aquiris la kataro.

獲得（喜愛），招致（厭惡，憎恨）

Me aquiris lua voto.


gen

來自原始托雷斯-班克斯語 *ɣani，來自原始大洋洲語 *kani，來自原始馬來-波利尼西亞語 *kaən，來自原始南島語 *kaən。與烏雷斯語 gen同源。


mine

源自中古英語，源自古法語 mine，源自晚期拉丁語 mina，源自高盧語（對比威爾士語 mwyn、愛爾蘭語 mianach (“礦石”)），源自原始凱爾特語 *mēnis (“礦石；金屬”)。

Crater of Diamonds State Park is the only place in the world where visitors can mine their own diamonds.

钻石坑州立公园是世界上唯一一个允许游客亲自开采钻石的地方。

We had to slow our advance after the enemy mined the road ahead of us.

敌人在我们前面的道路上埋设了地雷，我们不得不放慢前进的速度。

用地雷裝置損壞（車輛或船隻）


tomato

源自西班牙語 tomate，來自古典納瓦特爾語 tomatl，來自原始納瓦語 *tomatl。對照tomatillo。


hate

源自中古英語 hate (名词)，可能源自古英語 hatian (“恨”, 动词)和/或古諾爾斯語 hatr (“恨”, 名词)。与中古英語 hete、hæte、heate (“恨”)产生合并，它们源自古英語 hete，源自原始日耳曼語 *hataz (“仇恨”)，源自原始印歐語 *keh₂d- (“强烈情感”)。同源词包括西弗里斯蘭語 haat、荷蘭語 haat、德語 Hass、挪威語及瑞典語 hat。
动词源自中古英語 haten，源自古英語 hatian (“恨，仇视”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hatēn，源自原始日耳曼語 *hatāną (“恨”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hataz，源自上面的同一词根。

People who hate broccoli may have super-sensitive taste buds.

1997, Popular Science, 卷 251, 期 4，頁號 34:


funnel

源自中古英語 funell、fonel，可能经由古法語 *founel（对比中古法語 fonel、古奧克語 fonilh、enfounilh），源自拉丁語 fundibulum、infundibulum (“漏斗”)，源自infundere (“倒入”)；in (“内”) + fundere (“倾倒”)，对比布列塔尼語 founilh (“漏斗”)、威爾士語 ffynel (“气孔，烟囱”)。参见fuse。

funnels
funnelling
funneling
funnelled
funneled

导向，引导到 （资金，资源，感情等）

Our taxes are being funnelled into pointless government initiatives.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Like so many others, I was awestruck by the first season, which captured a moment in time and successfully funnelled its rage outwards at a world in which women are indeed silenced, controlled and killed by men.

2018 June 16, Fiona Sturges, “Cattleprods! Severed tongues! Torture porn! Why I’ve stopped watching the Handmaid’s Tale”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2020-02-05歸檔自原頁面:

用漏斗喝 （常指聚会上活跃氛围的活动）

The first time he did it was to this freshman Kevin Ryers and we all just burst out laughing, watching Kevin try to funnel a beer.

2013, Jonathan Caren, The Recommendation，頁號 31:


bella

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)


meander

源自拉丁語 Maeander，源自古希臘語 Μαίανδρος (Maíandros)，小亚细亚地区（现位于土耳其）的一条蜿蜒曲折的河流（现代土耳其語 Menderes）。

使...缠绕，使...弯弯曲曲


conseguir

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *cōnsequiō 或 *cōnsequō，繼承自拉丁語 cōnsequor。


conseguir

consigo
consegue
conseguín
conseguido
consigo
consegue
conseguim
consegui
conseguido


conseguir

繼承自古葡萄牙語 [具體何詞?]，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *cōnsequīre or cōnsequere，繼承自拉丁語 cōnsequī。字面分析等同於 con- + seguir (“跟隨”)。


conseguir

繼承自中世紀西班牙語 conseguir，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *cōnsequiō or *cōnsequō，繼承自拉丁語 cōnsequor。

謀取（支持、幫助、參與等）


legend

源自中古英語 legende，源自古法語 legende，源自中世紀拉丁語 legenda (“传说，故事，尤指圣人的故事”)，源自拉丁語 legenda (“应该一读的东西”)，源自lego (“阅读”)。

(我們能否查找並添加Bishop Hall引用過本詞的語句？)


beg

源自中古英語 beggen，古英語 *becgan、*bedcan、*bedican的同化形，bedecian (“乞求，懇求”)的中略形，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *bedagô (“請求者；乞丐”)，源自*bedą、*bedō (“祈禱；請求”)。與北弗里斯蘭語 bēdagi (“祈禱”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍅𐌰 (bidagwa, “乞丐”)、古英語 biddan (“要求”)有關。參見bid、bead；也見書面挪威語 be (“乞求，要求”)。

I beg your pardon. I didn’t mean to cause offence.

請您原諒我。我不是要冒犯您的。

He begged her to go to the prom with him.

[約瑟]求耶穌的身體。

But that same day came Sam Tewkesbury to the Why Not? about nightfall, and begged a glass of rum, being, as he said, 'all of a shake' …

1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 5

請求被指定為監護人，或請求為某人指定監護人

Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards.


wait

源自中古英語 waiten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 waiter、waitier（对比法語 guetter←古法語 gaitier、guaitier)，源自古法蘭克語 *wahtwēn (“看守，守卫”)，派生自古法蘭克語 *wahtu (“看守”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wahtwō (“看守”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“鲜，快乐”)。同源词有古高地德語 wahtēn (“看守，守卫”)、德國低地德語 wachten (“等”)、荷蘭語 wachten (“等”)、法語 guetter (“守候”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 wachtje (“等”)、西弗里斯蘭語 wachtsje (“等”)、北弗里斯蘭語 wachtjen (“待命”)。详见watch。
很大程度上取代了本土词古英語 bīdan。

await

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

to wait one’s turn ― 等着轮到自己

The Court had assembled, to wait events, in the huge antechamber known as the Œil de Boeuf.

1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，頁號 30:

Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, / And everlasting anguish be thy portion.

1714, Nicholas Rowe, The Tragedy of Jane Shore:


do

:< 中古英語 don （“做”） < 古英語 dōn （“做”） < 原始日耳曼语 *dōnan （“做”） < 原始印欧语 *dʰeH₁-、*dhe- （“放，置，做”）。
:同源词有：荷兰语 doen （“做”）、低地德語 doon （“做”）、德语 tun （“做”）、西弗里斯蘭語 dwaan （“做”）、法语 faire （“做”）、西班牙语 hacer （“做”）、拉丁语 facio （“做”）、希腊语 θέτω （“放，置”）、古希腊语 τίθημι (tithēmi)、梵语 दधाति (dádhāti)、立陶宛语 deti （“放”）、捷克语 diti （“藏”）、波兰语 dziać （“发生”）、俄语 деть （“放，置”）、俄语 делать （“做”）。

从事（工作），进行（活动），执行（任务）


abandonar

借自英語 abandon、法語 abandonner、意大利語 abbandonare、西班牙語 abandonar。

abandonas
abandonis
abandonos
abandonez
abandonus

Ne abandonez tua frato!


asustar

源自 a- + susto (“恐懼”) + -ar，或者（但不太可能）源自拉丁語 suscitāre（假設它與英語 suscitate 同源）。更可能與拉丁語 substāre 有關，後者源自 sub- + stō。對照葡萄牙語 assustar。


engulf

Desperation engulfed her after her daughter's death.

她女儿死后，她陷入了绝望中。

Shaken by the biggest challenge to their authority in years, Brazil’s leaders made conciliatory gestures on Tuesday to try to defuse the protests engulfing the nation’s cities.

2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-06-21:

The blank spaces of Mallarmé, the silence of Maesterlinck, the inaniloquous repetitive babblings of Gertrude Stein are the abyss which threatens to engulf creative effort if it continues in this direction.

Only Noah and his family survived when the Flood engulfed the world.

大洪水吞噬整个世界时，只有诺亚和他的家庭存活下来了。


an

繼承自古愛爾蘭語 in。

fan (“保持，等待”)的另一種寫法


читать

繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *čitati。與方言保加利亞語 читам (čitam)同源。

čitátʹ (romanization)
прочита́ть (perfective)
почита́ть (perfective)
проче́сть (perfective)
чте́ние

чита́ть нота́ции

чита́ть мора́ль


abolicii

abolicias
aboliciis
abolicios
abolicius
aboliciu


abändern

ändert ab
änderte ab
abgeändert
haben (auxiliary)

修改，调整；修订，修改，变更

einen Übelstand abändern


turmoil

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 tremouille (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。


abbreviare

abbrèvio
abbreviài
abbreviàto
avére (auxiliary)


abitare

借自拉丁語 habitāre（habeō 的反復形）。


suonare

繼承自拉丁語 sonāre，最终源自原始印歐語 *swenh₂- (“發出聲響；迴響”)。


ooze

* （名词） 中古英語 wose (“汁，液”)，源自古英語 wōs (“汁，液，沫”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wōsą（对比中古低地德語 wose (“渣滓”)、古高地德語 wasal (“雨”)、古瑞典語 os, oos），源自原始印歐語 *wóseh₂ (“汁，液”)（对比梵語 वसा (vásā, “油脂”)）。
* （动词） 中古英語 wosen，源自古英語 wōsan，见上。

散发，显露 （某种特质）

"Good servants are so hard to find," Chesna said, oozing arrogance.

1989, Robert R. McCammon, The Wolf's Hour, Open Road Integrated Media, 出版於 2011, →ISBN:

There are no two ways about it: a Berardi dress oozes sex appeal from its very seams.

1999, Tamsin Blanchard, Antonio Berardi: Sex and Sensibility, Watson-Guptill Publications, →ISBN，頁號 16:

Newcastle had failed to penetrate a typically organised Stoke backline in the opening stages but, once Cabaye and then Cisse breached their defence, Newcastle oozed confidence and controlled the game with a swagger expected of a top-four team.

2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, 出自 BBC Sport:


ami

派生自意大利語 amare，派生自拉丁語 amare。

Mi amas vin.

Mi estos amita.


resolver

vt. 解决，决定，裁定，溶解，[医]消散


abdicar

借自拉丁語 abdicāre。


abdicar

借自拉丁語 abdicāre。


pulley

源自中古英語 puly、poley，源自古法語 poulie、polie (“滑轮”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 polidia，该复数形式被错误当作中性词polidium的阴性形式，源自古希臘語 πολίδιον (polídion, “小支点”)，πόλος (pólos, “支点，轴”)的指小词，源自原始印歐語 *kʷel- (“转”)。民间词源理论将其与pull (“拉”, 动词)错误地关联起来。


aboyer

源自古法語 abayer、abaüer，可能是擬聲詞。對照拉丁語 baubari、意大利語 abbaiare。

Il aboie des ordres sans s’arrêter pour respirer

他大声命令，连呼吸都没有停下来。


absent

:< 古法語 absenter < 晚期拉丁語 absentare （“远离，离开”）。

（后接反身代词）离开，远离


accoster

源自a- + 古法語 coste + -er。古法語 coste在现代法语中已变为côte。

A Berlin on peut s’habiller comme on veut. Vraiment comme on veut. Les mecs ne sont pas macho. Quand on se prend une remarque au vol ou qu’on se fait accoster par un type lourd, c’est qu’il est italien, espagnol ou français…

2016, Mathilde Ramadier, Alberto Madrigal, Berlin 2.0, Futuropolis, →ISBN，頁號 51:


accoutumer

源自a- + coutume + -er。 对比伊多語 kustumar、因特語 accostumar、古法語 acostumer、acustumer、葡萄牙語 acostumar、西班牙語 acostumbrarse。

使...习惯于 （+à (“于”)或+à faire (“做某事”)）


accrocher

accrocher quelque chose au mur

accrocher de la poussière

accrocher une belle maison.

accrocher du boulot.


abide

來自中古英語 abiden，来自古英語 ābīdan (“坚持，留下，拖延；存活；等待；期待”)，来自原始日耳曼語 *uzbīdaną (“期待，容忍”)，等价于a- + bide。与低地蘇格蘭語 abyde (“堅持，保持”)，中古高地德語 erbīten (“等待，期待”)，哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (usbeidan, “期待，等待，有耐心”)同源。“承担后果”之意是受aby影响。

abides
abiding
abode
abided
abode
abided
abidden

abidest

〈古〉第二人稱單數現在時形式；用于“thou”

If it be found ſo, ſome will deere abide it.
#::: 要是果然如此，有几个人将要付重大的代价。

莎士比亚《裘力斯·凯撒》第三幕第二场：