abduct

派生自拉丁語 abductus，abduco (“帶走”)的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠離”) + duco (“帶領”)。
* (生理學)： abduction 的逆構詞。

誘拐；劫持；綁架 （17世紀早期）

That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.

1904, Jules Verne, 章號 16, 出自 The Master of the World:

to abduct children

使外展 （17世紀早期）


abduce

派生自拉丁語 abdūcō (“帶走”)，源自ab (“從；離開”) + dūcō (“帶領”)。

牽引；導走；帶走；收回；引向不同的部位；將肢體移出，遠離身體中央 （16世紀中期）

If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

得出結論（尤其在元分析中）；推斷 （20世紀初期）


acquérir

繼承自中古法語 acquerir，繼承自古法語 acquerir, aquerre，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *acquaerere，源自拉丁語 quaerere。比較 quérir、conquérir。

obtenir

獲取，得到；使或得，使得到，帶給

獲取，得到；使或得，使得到，帶給

la place d’honneur que les efforts des ouvriers ont acquise a leur pays

工人們的努力給祖國帶來的榮譽


slump

可能源自北日耳曼語支，对比丹麥語 slumpe (“碰巧遇到”)、挪威語 slumpe (“碰巧发生”)、瑞典語 slumpa (“变卖”)。亦对比德語 schlumpen (“跟踪；拖湿；马虎”)。

:Template:RQ:Hamilton Metaphysics and Logic


ħammeġ

繼承自阿拉伯語 خَمَّجَ (ḵammaja)。


peak

早期形式peake、peek、peke，源自中古英語 *peke、*pek（可考作peked，是piked的变体），变换自pike、pyke、pyk (“尖端”)，源自古英語 pīc、piic (“针，尖刺，顶端，锥”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *pīkaz (“顶”)。同源词有荷蘭語 piek (“顶峰”)、丹麥語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、瑞典語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、挪威語 pik (“尖端，顶峰”)。还见pike。

将...拉至垂直 （挽钩）


veneer

源自德語 Furnier，源自furnieren (“覆盖”)，源自法語 fournir (“布置；达成”)，源自中古法語 fornir，源自古法語 fornir、furnir (“布置”)，源自早期古法蘭克語 frumjan (“提供”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *frumjaną (“使...更进一步”)。同源词有古高地德語 frumjan、frummen (“达成，执行，提供”)、古英語 fremian (“执行”)。详见furnish。

to veneer a piece of furniture with mahogany

The stateroom walls are veneered with finely figured English chestnut with the skirting and mouldings in English walnut.

1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 36:


veranstalten

veranstaltet
veranstaltete
veranstaltet
haben (auxiliary)

组织，安排，筹办（大型活动）

Die Gruppe veranstaltet Konzerte mit berühmten Opernsängern.

这个团体找来了著名歌剧歌手筹办了一场音乐会。


Christmas

专有名词派生自中古英語 Cristemasse、Criste-mas (“圣诞节；圣诞季节；圣诞节庆祝活动”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 Cristes mæsse (“圣诞节”, 字面意思是“基督的弥撒”)，源自Crist (“基督”) + -es (属格标记词) + mæsse (“弥撒”)。英语词作Christ + -mas (表示节日或神圣的日子的后缀)分析。
名词、形容词和动词均派生自专有名词。
形容词词义指传统上与圣诞节联想起来的颜色。

Christmases
Christmasses
Christmasing
Christmassing
Christmased
Christmassed

(Moving to the holly boughs.) Come on; let's finish Christmassing the place.

1966, James Goldman, The Lion in Winter: A Comedy in Two Acts, New York, N.Y., Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif.: Samuel French, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii，頁號 17:

Haddonfield was completely Christmased deep in December. It was lovely to see the beautifully decorated shops. Huge bows adorned the streetlamps, aerosol snow framed the windows, and people bundled up were moving in and out of the shops as the aroma of spice and clove from holiday candles scented the air.

2012, Robin S. Shapiro, “It’s Never too Late to Play the Violin”, 出自 Touchstones: Essays on Spirituality and Healing, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN，頁號 27:


enthüllen

源自ent- + hüllen。对比荷蘭語 onthullen、英語 unhill、哥特語 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (andhuljan)。

enthüllt
enthüllte
enthüllt
haben (auxiliary)

ein Denkmal, eine Gedenktafel enthüllen

das Böse, eine Lüge enthüllen


abfahren

fährt ab
fuhr ab
abgefahren
führe ab
haben (auxiliary)
sein (auxiliary)

Der Müll wird zweimal pro Woche abgefahren.


abbrechen

[ˈʔapˌbʁɛçn̩]

[ˈʔapˌbʁɛçən]


abdicate

* 首次記錄於1541年。
* 派生自拉丁語 abdicātus (“放棄的”)，abdicō (“放棄，拒絕”) 的完成被動分詞，源自ab (“離開”) + dicō (“宣告、表明”)，類似於dīcō (“說”)。

否認某人並將其驅逐出家庭；聲明和……斷絕關係；剝奪繼承權（16世紀中期至19世紀早期）

正式將自己從某處脫離 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

廢黜、廢位 （17世紀早期至18世紀晚期）

去除；拋棄；放棄 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

betray and abdicate the due right both of ourselves and successors

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

投降、放棄或交出（主權等）；不再擔任或履行高級職位、身分 （首次記錄於17世紀）

to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

The cross-bearers abdicated their service.

1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:

He abdicates all right to be his own governor.

1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France:

The understanding abdicates its functions.

1856, James Anthony Froude, History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth:


treffen

源自中古高地德語 treffen，源自古高地德語 treffan，源自原始西日耳曼語 *drepan，源自原始日耳曼語 *drepaną，与英語 drub同源。

trifft
traf
getroffen
träfe
haben (auxiliary)

Wir treffen uns morgen.

Sie am Wochenende zu treffen ist schwierig.

Zwei Jäger treffen sich. Beide sind tot.

（此則笑話中，treffen 可作「碰面」解，亦可作「打」、「擊」解；見下條。）

兩個獵人見面。兩人都死了。

Sie traf mich mit dem Schneeball mitten in die Nase.

她用雪球打中了我的鼻子。

使...发生，实现，做出

eine Entscheidung treffen

Maßnahmen treffen

eine Vereinbarung treffen

Vorbereitungen treffen

Vorsorge treffen

Vorkehrungen treffen

eine Wahl treffen

eine Aussage treffen


sod

Sod him!, Sod it!, Sod that bastard!

他那个混蛋！，我肏！，让那个杂种去死！


blind

源自中古英語 blynd，源自古英語 blind，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blind，源自原始日耳曼語 *blindaz。

The light was so bright that for a moment he was blinded.

光太亮，一下子晃住了他的眼。

Don't wave that pencil in my face - do you want to blind me?

别拿着那铅笔在我面前晃，想让我瞎吗？

A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds those whom he should lead is […] a much greater.

May 9, 1686 (date of preaching), Robert South, The Fatal Imposture and Force of Words (sermon)


honey

來自中古英語 hony, honi，來自古英語 huniġ，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hunag，來自原始日耳曼語 *hunagą（對照西弗里斯蘭語 hunich、德語 Honig），來自早期*hunangą（對比瑞典語 honung），來自原始印歐語 *kn̥h₂onk-o-s，來自*kn̥h₂ónks。和中古威爾士語 canecon (“金”)、拉丁語 canicae 複 (“糠”)、吐火羅語B kronkśe (“蜂”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 qengjë (“蜂巢”)、古希臘語 κνῆκος (knêkos, “紅花”)、北庫爾德語 şan (“蜂巢”)、北盧里語 گونج (gonj, “蜂”)同源。


madam

源自中古英語 madame，源自古法語 madame，源自ma (“我的”) + dame (“贵妇；夫人”)，源自晚期古典拉丁語 mea domina。Madonna的同源對似詞。

Don’t madam me, — I can’t bear none of your lip service. I’m a plain-spoken woman, that’s what I am, and I like other people’s tongues to be as plain as mine.

He bowed to me, he madamed me, he was throughout as gentlemanlike and respectful as I had ever found him when we met at Old Harbour House or in Old Harbour Town.

1905, William Clark Russell, The Yarn of Old Harbour Town，頁號 208:

"I don't care," she said. "They'll be dead in a few minutes if you'll just do your job. Stop madaming me and get to work."

1988, Gahan Wilson, Eddy Deco's Last Caper，頁號 123:


chisel

源自中古英語 chisel、chesel，源自古諾曼語 chisel, cisel，源自cisoir（后缀改变），源自晚期拉丁語 cīsōrium (“裁切工具”)，源自拉丁語 caedere (“剪”)。

chisels
chiseling
chiselling
chiseled
chiselled

She chiselled a sculpture out of the block of wood.

她把一块木头凿成了一个雕像。

从...骗得，从...骗到


apa

:源自 api （“猴”） + -a（动词化后缀）。

（支配宾格，仅见于固定词组）


casket

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


catapult

源自中古法語 catapulte，源自拉丁語 catapulta，源自古希臘語 καταπέλτης (katapéltēs)，源自κατά (katá, “（向下）朝，向”) + πάλλω (pállō, “在投掷物丢出前使其偏向”)。

The candidate selection for running mate has catapulted her to the national scene.

竞选伙伴的候选人提名使她一跃站上了国家级别的舞台。

England will not be catapulted among the favourites for Euro 2012 as a result of this win, but no victory against Spain is earned easily and it is right they take great heart from their efforts as they now prepare to play Sweden at Wembley on Tuesday.

2011 November 12, “International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, 出自 BBC Sport:


caber

繼承自中世紀西班牙語 caber，源自拉丁語 capere (“装下，包含”)，源自原始意大利語 *kapiō，源自原始印歐語 *kh₂pyéti，源自词根*keh₂p- (“抓，拿”)。对比英語 have、capture、catch 和chase。亦参见西班牙語 cazar、cachar。
第一人称单数原经由拉丁語 capio的字母换位应作*/'kaipo/。对比葡萄牙語 caibo。

Quise tomar prestados los pantalones de mi hermana pequeña, pero no me cabían.

我想借我妹妹的裤子，但穿不下。

No os quepa duda...

不要在那上面犯错误...

Cabe señalar que...

No cabe comparación entre las dos cosas.


convene

借自中古法語 convenir，源自拉丁語 convenio、convenire (“集合”)。


curdle

早期方言cruddle的變形，crudle，等同於curd + -le (反覆後綴)。

It is enough,' said the agitated Mr. Slurk, pacing to and fro, 'to curdle the ink in one's pen, and induce one to abandon their cause for ever.'

1836, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers


bright

源自中古英語 brighten (“照亮；变亮；破晓；（比喻义）净化，纯化；解释，阐明”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 beorhtian (“照亮，照耀；发声清晰洪亮”) [以及其他形式]，可能源自beorht (“明亮的”, 形容词)（详见词源 1） + -ian (从形容词和名词构成动词的后缀)。该词之后的使用可能亦直接派生自形容词。

embrighten

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

enliven

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

delight

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

gladden

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

please

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

brighten

（变得符合形容词的多个义项）

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.

1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, 出自 Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd版, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], 出版於 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2，頁號 14:


conclude

源自拉丁语 conclūdere (“关上，停止”), conclūdō的现在主动不定式形式。

做出最后决定；得出结论。


cowgirl

Once recovered I cowgirled him to a torturously slow climax, having him begging for release as I took him to the edge […]

2016, Angela Goodnight, My Life, My Loves: True, Explicit Autobiography:


cower

源自中古英語 couren、cowre，源自中古低地德語 kûren (“潜伏；游荡”)或北日耳曼語支（冰島語 kúra (“打盹”)）。同源词包括德語 kauern (“蹲伏”)、荷蘭語 koeren (“蹲守”)、塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 kutriti (“躺着缩成一团”)、瑞典語 kura (“蜷缩”)。与coward无关，其源自拉丁语。

使...蜷缩；吓住，恐吓...并使其屈服

This done, their doubts will vanish, and they will stand confronted by an object lesson which must have the effect either to arouse them to a determination to banish despotism from the land, or cower them into submission and servitude.

1895, Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industry of Kansas:

My spirit will cower them and make them wish they had never risen up against me.

2007, DJ Birmingham, The Queen's Tale: The Struggle for the Survival of Ireland，頁號 170:

A vicious Mafia threat intended to cower him—but the chief doesn't cower.

2010, Marilyn Brown Oden, The Dead Saint:


commute

借自拉丁語 commūtō。

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

to commute tithes into rentcharges for a sum

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

to commute daily fares for a season ticket

to commute the daily toll for a year's pass

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

His prison sentence was commuted to probation.

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium


countermine

[…]so Fritz could sleep easily in his trench, so far as mines were concerned; and Fritz, confident in his Herr Professors, altogether neglected any attempt to counter-mine.

1923, Frank Fox, “The Man-Made Earthquake”, 出自 Charles Francis Horne, The Great Events of the Great War, 卷 5:


decal

decals
decaling
decalling
decaled
decalled


crud

源自中古英語 crud、crudde (“凝结的牛奶；污物；凝结的物质；糟粕”)，源自古英語 crūdan (“压”)。curd的同源對似詞。

The covered cardboard boxes held and the packings in the crates suffered no further crudding.

2011, Henry Z. Kister, Distillation Troubleshooting，頁號 203:


deflower

来自中古英語 deflouren，来自古法語 desflorer（现代法語 déflorer），来自晚期拉丁語 deflōrāre。


demote

James was demoted from branch manager to assistant manager due to his poor discipline.

James由于不守纪律，被从副经理降职成了分店经理。

In 1036, shortly after arriving at Yi-ling, Ou-yang Hsiu sent a lengthy letter to his friend, Yin Shu, who had been demoted at the same time as Ou-yang Hsiu and sent to Ying-chou (modern Chung-hsiang, Hupeh).

1984, Ronald C. Egan, The Literary Works of Ou-yang Hsiu (1007-72), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁號 93:


compliment

借自法語 compliment，借自意大利語 complimento，借自西班牙語 cumplimiento，源自cumplir (“顺从，遵守，完成”)。complement的同源對似詞。取代了本土的古英語词ġeswǣsnes。


coy

源自中古英語 coy，源自古法語 coi，早期形式quei (“安静的”)，源自拉丁語 quiētus (“在休息的”)。quiet的同源對似詞。

Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, / While I thy amiable cheeks do coy.

c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

For now there are ſprung up a wiſer generation in this kind, who have the Art to coy the fonder ſort into their nets

1635, Edward Rainbowe, Labour Forbidden, and Commanded. A Sermon Preached at S^(t.) Pauls^([sic]) Church, September 28. 1634., London: Nicholas Vavasour，頁號 29:


demise

借自中古法語 démise，démettre的阴性单数过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmissa，dēmittō的完成时被动分词的阴性单数形式。


debilitate

拉丁語 debilitatus，debilitare (“使...变弱”)的过去分词，源自形容词debilis (“弱的”)，源自de- + habilis (“能够...的”)。

enervate

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

enfeeble

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

weaken

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

The American Dream suffered a debilitating effect after the subprime crisis.

美国梦在次贷危机后经历了一次衰落。

Twice, they found themselves behind, seemingly on their way out, and on both occasions they absolutely refused to let their lack of numbers debilitate them.

2015 March 12, Daniel Taylor, “Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, 出自 The Guardian (London):


daunt

源自中古英語 daunten，源自古法語 danter，源自拉丁語 domitō (“驯服”, 动词)，拉丁語 domō (“驯服，征服”, 动词)的反复态，源自原始意大利語 *domaō，源自原始印歐語 *demh₂- (“驯”)。dompt的同源對似詞。

吓倒，使...气馁，威吓

Death I'll meet, my soul no terrors daunting, / Take the life for which thy heart is panting, / Spare not thou, though he spare, his life granting, / Or let death end us both at a blow.

[1865?], Eugène Scribe, 譯者 Charles Lamb Kenney, L’Africaine. An Opera in Five Acts, […] The Music by Giacomo Meyerbeer. Translated into English […], London: Published and sold by Chappell & Co., […], Boosey & Co., […], →OCLC, Act III，頁號 34:

No, I shall not disgrace the Cause, I shall not grieve my comrades by weak surrender! I will fight and struggle, and not be daunted by threat or torture.

1912, Alexander Berkman, 章號 17, 出自 Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist:

Ah, I have changed, I do not know / Why lonely hours affect me so. / In days of yore, this were not wont, / No loneliness my soul could daunt.

1913, Paul Laurence Dunbar, “A Lost Dream”, 出自 The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar:


culminate

自1647年起可考，源自中世紀拉丁語 culminatus，culminare (“给...加冕”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 culmen (“顶点”)，早期形式columen (“顶峰”)，源自原始意大利語 *kolamen，源自原始印歐語词根*kol-, *kelH- (“展现；顶”)，其亦派生出英語 hill和holm。

peak

登顶，达到顶峰 （可指物理上的顶峰，也可指比喻义）

以...告终，以...收场

The announcement by Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott in Canberra culminated more than a fortnight of intensive political horse-trading.

2010 September 7, “By the skin of her teeth”, 出自 The Economist:


dishevel

dishevels
disheveling
dishevelling
disheveled
dishevelled

使...凌乱，弄乱 （衣服，头发等）

With garments rent, and haire discheueled, / Wringing her hands, and making piteous mone;

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto I”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 12:

Like the fair flower dishevell'd in the wind.

[...] the natural finish seems much less likely to show up the stains of travel which might soon dishevel the golden ochre or dark blue—especially the latter—[...].

1964 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The BRB shows traders the Liner train prototypes”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 262:


cringe

动词派生自中古英語 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典語 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle的同源對似詞。
名词和形容词派生自动词。

将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)

对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同


denizen

源自中古英語 denisein，源自古法語 denzein，源自deinz (“内部”) + -ein，源自晚期拉丁語 deintus (“自内部”)，其衍生出法語 dans。

给...授予公民身份，归化

He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.

他逃离祖国后归化到了爱尔兰。

[The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.

1664, John Evelyn, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, London: 1670, Chapter 7, “Of the Chesnut,” p. 42,

Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here:

1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38,

There were a few islets in the sand […] 。 These were at once denizened by the Calotropis, Argemone, Tamarix, Gnaphalium luteoalbum and two other species […] 。

1849, Joseph Dalton Hooker, “Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India” in William Jackson Hooker (editor), Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, London: Reeve, Benham and Reeve, Volume 1, p. 85,


depredate

晚期拉丁語 depraedari、depraedat-，源自 de- + praedari (“掠奪”)。

It makes the substance of the body […] less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

它使身體的物質 […] 不易被精神消耗和浪費。

1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, 出自 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


dumbfound

使...愣住，使...怔住


diphthongize

雙元音化；藉由插入或刪除元音使……變成雙元音

同類詞： monophthongize


divulge

拉丁語 divulgare，源自di- (“widely”) + vulgare (“公布，发行”)。

disclose

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

I will never divulge that secret to anyone.

我不会把那个秘密告诉其他人。

In an interview with The Economist last year, he insisted his attack on the CPP had nothing to do with his views on global warming, which he would not divulge.

2016, December 8, The Economist, The president-elect's EPA head may not believe in climate change

Here then is a letter from a young man whose name I must not reveal, but whom I will designate as D. F., and whose address I must not divulge, but will simply indicate as Q. Street, West.

1910, Stephen Leacock, Literary Lapses, "How to Avoid Getting Married"


discombobulate

:产生于19世纪的美式英语。可能是 discompose、discomfit 等的混合词。


aba

源自原始班圖語 *-gàba。


aba

源自原始班圖語 *-gàba。


aba

源自原始班圖語 *-gàba。


encloure

繼承自拉丁語 inclūdō。incloure的同源對似詞，半借用。


easternize

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007 January 14, Liesl Schillinger, “Siberian Fields”, 出自 New York Times:


dilapidate

源自拉丁語 dilapidātus，dilapidō (“用石头摧毁”)的过去分词，源自dis- (程度加强前缀) + lapidō (“用石头砸”)，源自lapis (“石头”)。

In the last days of autumn he had whitewashed the chalet, painted the doors, windows, and veranda, repaired the roof and interior, and improved the place so much that the landlord had warned him that the rent would be raised at the expiration of his twelvemonth's tenancy, remarking that a tenant could not reasonably expect to have a pretty, rain-tight dwelling-house for the same money as a hardly habitable ruin. Smilash had immediately promised to dilapidate it to its former state at the end of the year.

1883, George Bernard Shaw, An Unsocial Socialist, chapter VI

The patrimony of the bishopric of Oxon was much dilapidated.


encroach

源自中古英語 encrochen，源自古法語 encrochier (“占领”)，源自古法語 en- + croc (“钩子”)，源自日耳曼語族。详见crook。


enrapture

/ɪnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ɛnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

使...欣喜，使...陶醉

Her song enraptured the audience with vivid images of the Scandinavian landscapes.

她的歌曲让观众陶醉于斯堪的纳维亚的景色中。


enshrine

A Phœnix, gaz'd by all, as that ſole Bird / When, to enſhrine his reliques in the Sun’s / Bright temple, to Ægyptian Theb's he flies.

1667, John Milton, “Book V”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 272–274:

At the centre of Muhammad's achievement was the extraordinary poetry which enshrined his revelations.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, 出版於 2010，頁號 256:


exude

拉丁語 exudare、exsudare (“流汗”)，源自ex- (“出”) + sudare (“流汗”)，源自sudor (“汗”)。

There are five hundred and fifty-five trees, and they exude the sweetest odours

1870, William Henry Wilkins, The Romance of Isabel


enjoin

源自中古英語 enjoinen，源自古法語 enjoindre (“加入”)，源自拉丁語 iniungo (“依附”)，由in- (“进入，在...之上”)和iungo构成的复合词。

to confirm these days of Purim in their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Esther 9:31:

At some landmark in the jungle the beater halted, pointed to the ground as a sign that this spot would do, and put his finger on his lips to enjoin silence.

1934, George Orwell, 章號 14, 出自 Burmese Days:

They [the Noahide laws] also enjoin the establishment of a just system of laws and courts.

2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary，頁號 15:

In 1983, BLM was enjoined by court order from using any herbicides in its Medford, Oregon District. Subsequent court action in 1984 enjoined BLM from the use of herbicides throughout Oregon and the U.S. Forest Service was similarly enjoined throughout Region 6 (Pacific Northwest).

1989, U.S. Department of the Interior, 章號 1, 出自 Western Oregon Program-Management of Competing Vegetation: Proposed Record of Decision, Bureau of Land Management，頁號 9:

the judicial power of the United States had no power to enjoin the executive branch of the government from the execution of a constitutional duty or of a constitutional law

1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law:


emcee

MC (“主持人”)的發音拼寫。

担任...的主持人，主持

Alan Lomax was emceeing the blues workshop and was turned off by the Paul Butterfield Jug Band and implied as much on stage.

1965 August, Mississippi Phil Ochs, “The Newport Fuzz Festival”, 出自 The Realist, 期 61, retrieved 2022-11-13，頁號 11:


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900, Walter William Skeat, “Man and His Place in the Universe”, 出自 Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，頁號 33:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April, John R. Hind, “The British Railways at War”, 出自 The Railway Magazine, Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988, Kenji Hakuta, “Why Bilinguals?”, 出自 Frank S. Kessel 編, The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown, Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁號 299:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002, Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon, “Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, 出自 Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁號 248:


engender

源自中古法語 engendrer，源自拉丁語 ingenerāre，源自in- + generāre (“产生”)。

成为...的父亲（指男性）；怀有，孕育（指女性） （14-19世纪）

产下，生下 （生物） （自14世纪）

Like all interesting literary figures, he is full of tacit as well as of uttered reference to the conditions that engendered him […]。

1891, Henry James, "James Russell Lowell", Essays in London and Elsewhere, p.60:

造成，导致；创造 （某种情况，结果，特质） （自14世纪）

Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart managed to engender "Better Be Good to Me" and "I Must Love You," but they were neither lyrically nor musically up to standards of their Garrick Gaieties or A Connecticut Yankee.

1928, "New Plays in Manhattan", Time, 8 Oct.:

Manufacturing is not simply about brute or emergency economics. It's also about a sense of involvement and achievement engendered by shaping and crafting useful, interesting, well-designed things.

2009, Jonathan Glancey, "The art of industry", The Guardian, 21 Dec.:


wince

源自中古英語 wincen、winchen，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 *wenchir、古諾曼語 *wenchier（对比古法語 guenchir），源自古法蘭克語 *wenkjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankjan。参见德語 winken。

对...使用绞车 （如用来洗衣服，染染料等）


estudiar

來自estudio + -ar，來自拉丁語 studium。對照拉丁語 studeō、葡萄牙語 estudar。


elude

源自拉丁語 ēlūdō (“逃过”)，源自ē (“外”, ex的短形式) + lūdō (“玩耍；欺骗”)。

（尤指用手段，技巧） 逃避，逃过

Thus the observation of human blindness and weakness is the result of all philosophy, and meets us at every turn, in spite of our endeavours to elude or avoid it.

1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, 出版於 1973, § 26:

It leaves City still searching for the Champions League, the trophy that has always eluded them

2021 May 29, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 0-1 Chelsea”, 出自 BBC Sport:

Podolski gave Walcott a chance to further embellish Arsenal's first-half performance when he eluded James Perch and slipped the ball through to the striker.

2012 December 29, Paul Doyle, “Arsenal's Theo Walcott hits hat-trick in thrilling victory over Newcastle”, 出自 The Guardian:

不能被...理解，对...来说无法理解

I get algebra, but calculus eludes me.

我会代数，但不会微积分。

The solution of that brainteaser eludes me and the name of the author eludes my memory too.

那道谜题的答案我忘了，它的作者我也忘了。


robar

(此詞的語源缺失或不完整。請協助添加，或在茶室進行討論。)
對照意大利語 rubare。


wreak

古英语 wrecan，来自德语的*wrek-，来自印欧语系的*wreg-。与荷兰语wreken、德语rächen、瑞典语vräka、拉丁语urgere同源，均来自同样的印欧词根。

wreaks
wreaking
wreaked
wrought
wroke
wreaked
wrought
wroken

发泄或释放，特别在导致危害或伤害时。


wobble

源自早期形式wabble，可能源自低地德語 wabbeln (“晃动”)。对比荷蘭語 wiebelen和wobbelen (“晃动”)、古諾爾斯語 vafla (“盘旋；踉跄”)。

The boy wobbled the girl's bike.

男孩让女孩的自行车摇来摇去。


viewport

調整（圖像或區域）以與視角適配

Some general ideas on clipping, viewporting, and windowing can be found in Rogers and Adams.

1979, Tutorial: Computer Graphics，頁號 80:

Viewporting is an operation that takes the portion of the picture that has been mapped into the square region delimited by -1,+1,-1,+1 and further maps it into a rectangular subregion of the screen (a viewport).

1980, MTS, the Michigan Terminal System, 卷 17，頁號 42:

The main thing I want you to take away from this chapter is knowing where to start and creating a very simple viewported web site using nothing more than an extra <meta> tag and simple HTML.

2012, Scott Preston, Learn HTML5 and JavaScript for iOS:


whack

不详，原为苏格兰英语。可能是拟声词，但对比中古英語 thakken ← 古英語 þaccian（其因与本词异文合并而派生出thwack）。

to whack the spoils of a robbery

When the sewer-hunters consider they have searched long enough […] the gang […] count out the money they have picked up, and proceed to dispose of the old metal, bones, rope, &c.; this done, they then, as they term it, “whack” the whole lot; that is, they divide it equally among all hands.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, London: G. Newbold, Volume 2, p. 152,


undulate

借自晚期拉丁語 undulātus (“起伏的，荡漾的”)，源自不可考的*undula (“小波浪”)，拉丁語 unda (“波浪”)。

使...（像波浪一样）起伏，使...荡漾


vaticinate

源自拉丁語 vāticinātus，vāticinor (“預言，預示”) 的完成時被動分詞。

With a slow step, and tears in her eyes, Mrs. Glentworth, vaticinating trouble of some kind, proceeded to cut the string and break the seal of her pacquet.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 LI, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 卷 III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁號 27:


underpin

underlie

支持，支撑，是...的根本

corroborate

支持，支撑，是...的根本

You should underpin the mine roof to prevent further collapse.

你需要支撑矿井的顶部防止进一步塌方。

支持，支撑，是...的根本

Public confidence in politicians must underpin our democracy.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Since Rupert Murdoch famously bet the farm on Premier League football to rescue Sky TV in 1991, it has been the catnip that has underpinned subscriber loyalty and, even in a far more complicated media landscape, is seen as so vital as to be worth almost any price.

2016 October 24, Owen Gibson, “Is the unthinkable happening – are people finally switching the football off?”, 出自 The Guardian, London:

The operator said the results were underpinned by a 16% increase in Q3 sales from North America.

2019 November 6, “Eurostar reports another increase in passengers”, 出自 Rail，頁號 25:


factor

:< 拉丁語 factor （“工匠，工人”） < 完成被动分词 factus （“做了的”） < faciō （“做”）。


facsimile

源自拉丁語 fac simile (“使...像”)，源自fac (“使”)（facere (“使”)的命令形） + simile（similis (“像的”)的中性形式）。

facsimiles
facsimileing
facsimiling
facsimiled
facsimilied


vassal

源自中古英語 vassal，源自古法語 vassal，源自中世紀拉丁語 vassallus (“男仆，佣人”)，源自拉丁語 vassus (“佣人”)，源自高盧語 *wassos (“少年，乡绅”)，源自原始凱爾特語 *wastos (“佣人”)（对比古愛爾蘭語 foss和威爾士語 gwas）。

将...视为附庸；使...变成附庸；奴役

让...从属于，让...隶属于


unleash

He unleashed his dog in the park.

他在公園撒開了自己的狗。


falter

源自中古英語 falteren (“蹒跚，踉跄”)，之后词源不详。可能源自某北日耳曼語支语言，比如古諾爾斯語 faltrask (“被妨碍”)。也可能是fold的反复态，但从d变换为t不寻常。

结巴地说，用颤抖的声音说，口齿不清地说

And here he faltered forth his last farewell.

1807, Lord Byron, Childish Recollections

With faltering speech and visage incomposed.

1667, John Milton, “Book 2”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


frolic

源自荷蘭語 vrolijk (“欢喜的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 vrolijc，源自古荷蘭語 frōlīk，源自原始日耳曼語 *frawalīkaz。对比德語 fröhlich (“开心的，快乐的”)。
前一个元素，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *frawaz并与中古英語 frow (“匆忙的”)同源；之后的元素，最终源自*-līkaz并与-ly、-like同源。


flaunt

源自北日耳曼語支。可能与挪威語 flanta (“炫耀，四处走”)、冰島語 flana (“四处走，匆匆忙忙”)和法語 flâner (“四处走，晃荡”)有关。
还有说法称，其可能与瑞典語 flankt (“松垮地”)（对比英語 flaunt-a-flaunt）有关，其源自flanka (“摇晃”)，其为flakka (“摇摆”)的鼻音化变体，与中古英語 flacken (“来回走，颤动”)有关。还见flack。

She’s always flaunting her designer clothes.

Never one to miss an opportunity to flaunt his wealth, Khashoggi let his yacht be used for the 1983 Bond film Never Say Never Again.

2017 June 7, Adam Lusher, “Adnan Khashoggi: the 'whoremonger' whose arms deals funded a playboy life of decadence and 'pleasure wives'”, 出自 The Independent, London:


flout

可能是源自中古英語 flouten (“吹笛子”)，对比荷蘭語 fluiten。

嘲笑，轻视，违抗 （法律，规则等）

The manoeuvres of Microsoft and HP appear to comply with the letter of the regulations, even if they flout their spirit.

2012, The Economist, Sep 29th 2012 issue, Tax alchemy: Tech's avoidance


flunk

变换自funk，或可能是flinch + funk組成的混成詞。

He flunked math, again.

Unsatisfied with Fred's progress, the teacher flunked him.

老师不满意Fred的进展，给了他不及格。


foretell

约1300年，源自中古英語 foretellen，等价于fore- + tell。

Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and lustre of his character.

1741, Conyers Middleton, The Life of Cicero:

给...预言，告诉...预言

[…] there came to him a Person named Saul, whom Samuel had never before seen; but God made him know it was the same he had foretold him of.

1739, Edward Button, Rudiments of Ancient History:


fickle

源自中古英語 fikelen，源自fikel (“浮躁的”)，见前文。与低地德語 fikkelen (“欺骗，奉承”)、德語 ficklen、ficheln (“欺骗，奉承”)同源。

使...困惑，使...迷惑


forestall

源自中古英語 forestallen (“防止，阻碍，奇袭，堵截”)，源自forestalle (“阻碍，堵截”)，源自古英語 foresteall (“妨碍司法；奇袭”)，源自fore- (“前面”) + steall (“摆放，放置”)，等价于fore- + stall。

Fred forestalled disaster by his prompt action.

Fred迅速行动防止了灾难发生。

In French, an aspirated h forestalls elision.

法语中，有嘘音h时不省略元音。


confide

源自中古蘇格蘭語 confide、confyde (“相信”)，源自拉丁語 confīdere (“相信，信任”)，，源自con- (“一起”) + fidēre (“信任”)。17世纪初叶首次出现于英语中。faith和fidelity的同源對似詞。

I confide this mission to you alone.

After several drinks, I confided my problems to the barman.

酒过三巡，我把我的秘密告诉了酒吧店员。

She confided that her marriage had been in trouble for some time.

她透露说她的婚姻已经出问题挺久了。

One student had been so afraid to come out to our meetings that he would secretly meet me in the bookshelves of the library and confide about the miseries of being gay, closeted, and a a virgin.

1977 December 10, Mark N. Silber, “Gays On Campus — One Story”, 出自 Gay Community News, 卷 5, 號 23，頁號 15:


fumble

晚期中古英語，源自低地德語 fommeln或者荷蘭語 fommelen。
或者可能源自某斯堪的纳维亚/北日耳曼語支语言，对比古諾爾斯語 fálma、瑞典語 fumla、丹麥語 fumle、德語 fummeln。
两者最终可能都是表示这一动作的拟声词。或者，源自原始印歐語 *pal- (“摇”)，参见拉丁語 palpo (“轻触”)，及原始西日耳曼語 *fōlijan (“感受”)。

Waiting for the interview, he fumbled with his tie.

等着面试时他在慌张地摆弄他的领带。

He fumbled the key into the lock.

他慌慌张张地把钥匙插到锁里。

He fumbled for his keys.

He fumbled his way to the light-switch.

to fumble for an excuse

My understanding stutters, and my memory fumbles.

1711 August 12, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, letter to Dr. Chevenix:

Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.

1800, Wordsworth, Written in Germany on one of the coldest days of the century:

Henderson's best strike on goal saw goalkeeper Kingson uncomfortably fumble his measured shot around the post.

2010 December 28, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0 - 2 Blackpool”, 出自 BBC:


fresco

源自意大利語 fresco，源自中世紀拉丁語 friscus，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz。fresh的同源對似詞。


hairbrush

Bad feeding, adolescence—always a dangerous period for the male—and the brutality and bestiality in the dormitories made life a hell on earth. An apathy settled on me. I withered. I learned nothing; I did nothing. I was kicked, hounded, caned, flogged, hairbrushed, morning, noon, and night.

1938, C. R. W. Nevinson, Paint and Prejudice, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company，頁號s 11–12:

Do you know what it’s like, Brannan, to be flogged and hairbrushed, kicked and cursed every day of your school life? I’m treated worse than a dog and nobody gives a damn—least of all the masters.

2014, Dominic Luke, Nothing Undone Remained, London: Buried River Press，頁號 147:


huddle

源自中古英語 *hudelen，变化自（因 hudels、hidels (“藏匿处”)，见hiddle）*huderen、hoderen (“盖住；压在一起；簇拥”)，中古英語 huden、hiden (“藏起”)的重复态，等价于hide + -le和/或hide + -er。对比低地德語 huderken (“育雏；养育；照料；哄孩子睡觉”)。

杂乱无章地将...混起来

Huddle up a peace.

1845, John Henry Newman, Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine

This resolution she accordingly executed; and the next morning before the sun, she huddled on her cloaths, and at a very unfashionable, unseasonable, unvisitable hour, went to Lady Bellaston […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:


gruel

gruels
gruelling
grueling
gruelled
grueled

使...筋疲力竭，用尽，用坏


grub

源自中古英語 grubben、grobben，源自古英語 *grubbian，源自原始西日耳曼語 *grubb-，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubb-（对比中古荷蘭語 grobben (“刮；爬；拿”)、古高地德語 grubilōn (“挖；搜”)、德語 grübeln (“思考，斟酌”)），源自原始日耳曼語 *grub- (“挖”)（对比*grabaną）。
“幼虫”一意源自中古英語 grub、grubbe、grobbe、crubbe，可能发展自将上面动词解读成“挖昆虫”的说法，或源自中古英語 grub (“矮子”)，其不确定是否与本词有关。对比西弗里斯蘭語 krobbe (“昆虫”)。俚语义“食物”首个记载见于1659年，被认为是与鸟吃幼虫产生联想而发展来的，或者可能与bub (“饮料”)产生了联想。

挖；将...连根挖起 （常后接up）

to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge

连根挖起树，灌木丛或莎草

They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.

1846, Julius Hare, The Mission of the Comforter:


hunch

hunk的齒擦音變體，起源不確定。
或是派生自hump，經由早期中古英語*hunche、*humpchin，來自*hump + -chin, -chen (指小詞後綴)，等同於hump + -kin。“預感，猜測”義據說源自過去賭博時摸駝背能帶來好運的迷信。

slouch

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

stoop

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

lean

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

elbow

用手肘推或擠；對著某人推或擠。

nudge

用手肘推或擠；對著某人推或擠。

play a hunch, play one's hunch, follow one's hunch

抬起（肩膀）；向前彎曲（身體）

They stood outside the door hunching themselves against the rain and puffing on their cigarettes.

他們在門外一邊站著，弓著背躲雨，一邊抽著煙。

He hunched up his shoulders and stared down at the ground.

他抬起肩膀，往地下盯著。

Danc[ing] Mast[er]. […] not too fast […] keep you[r] leg[s] straight, […] don’t hunch up your shoulders so;

1672, Edward Ravenscroft, The Citizen Turn’d Gentleman, London: Thomas Dring, Act I, Scene 1, p. 4,

If you hunch your shoulders too long against a storm your shoulders will grow bowed....

1924, Ford Madox Ford, Some Do Not ..., New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Part 2, Chapter 2,

He would hunch his twisted body close and put out his gentle and crooked hand and touch the fawn.

1938, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, New York: Scribner, Chapter 17,

They sat looking out at the dark, at the square of light the kitchen lantern threw on the ground outside the door, with a hunched shadow of Grampa in the middle of it.

1939, John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, New York: Viking, 1958, Chapter 10, p. 142,

隆起，使突出；彎曲（背等）。

[…] thou art all one errour; soul and body.

1679, John Dryden and Nathaniel Lee, Oedipus, London: R. Bentley and M. Magnes, Act I, p. 6,

用手肘推或擠；對著某人推或擠。

After this, we saw a great Troop of Women upon the High-way to Hell, with their Bags; and their fellows, at their Heels, ever, and anon, hunching, and Justling one Another.

1667, Roger L’Estrange (translator), The Visions of Dom Francisco de Quevedo Villegas, London: H. Herringman, “The Sixth Vision of Hell,” pp. 182-183,

Hickman, a great over-grown, lank-hair’d, chubby boy, who would be hunch’d and punch’d by every-body; and go home, with his finger in his eye, and tell his mother.

1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, London: for the author, Volume 2, Letter 1, p. 8,

He let his eyes scan the faces of all the white teachers, male and female, but would end up with a stare at the colored man sitting there. Finally, he hunched his seat-mate with his elbow and asked what man that was.

1899, Sutton E. Griggs, Imperium in Imperio, Chapter 6,

She hunched me and winked.

1974, Maya Angelou, Gather Together in My Name, New York: Bantam, 1975, Chapter 12, p. 40,

[…] Crunch burst through, pretending to be in Croke Park or somewhere, hunching me away with his shoulder and holding the ghost of other players at bay as he picked up the football.

1986, Billy Roche, Tumbling Down, Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1994, Chapter 6, pp. 102-103,


hidden

源自中古高地德語 hüeten，源自古高地德語 huoten，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hōdijan。


flabbergast

不详，可能是一方言词（萨福克郡），源自flabby或flap (“打击”) + aghast。该词可能与苏格兰英語 flabrigast (“夸口”)或flabrigastit (“筋疲力竭”)有关。
名词派生自动词。

flabbergasts
flabbergasting
flabbergasted
flabbergasted
flabbergast

flabbergaster

使...震惊，使...大吃一惊，使...目瞪口呆 （自18世纪晚期起）

使...震惊，使...大吃一惊，使...目瞪口呆 （自18世纪晚期起）

He was flabbergasted to find that his work had been done for him before he began.

他发现他的活在他开始做之前就已经做好了的时候目瞪口呆。

Her stupidity flabbergasts me, and I have to force myself to keep a straight face while she explains her beliefs.

她的愚蠢真是惊到我了，她在解释她那些信念的时候我得憋着我的表情。

I love to flabbergast the little-minded by shattering their preconceptions about my nationality and gender.

我特别喜欢粉碎掉那些对我的民族和性别的偏见，让那些心胸狭隘的人大吃一惊。

The oddity of the situation was so flabbergasting I couldn’t react in time for anyone to see it.

反常的势态令我大吃一惊，让我没有时间作出反应让别人看到。

Now we are flabbergaſted and bored from morning to night—in the ſenate, at Cox's muſeum, at Ranelagh, and even at church.

1772, “Observator” [pseudonym], “On New Words; from the Same [Town and Country Magazine]”, 出自 Edmund Burke 編, The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, 卷 XV, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], 出版於 1773, →OCLC，頁號 191，列號 1:

They flabagast good manners and good morals, and only show that one of the parties is vex'd and disappinted.^([sic])

The author was known to write in American vernacular for purposes of humor. As a result, the spelling in this work is idiosyncratic.

1834, Jack Downing [pseudonym; Seba Smith], 章號 XXV, 出自 The Life of Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by T. K. Greenbank, →OCLC，頁號 183:

Now, there are assertions, not dissimilar in their power of benumbing and flabbergasting one, but yet within the bounds of sane and perfectly orderly plausibility, for which our language wants a name. Paradox is too hackneyed a term. They ought to be called Buckleisms. When a man makes an assertion clean in the teeth of all previous belief, and makes it coolly, fluently, without proof, and yet as if contradiction were impossible—that is a Buckleism.

1861 August, [David Masson], “Mr. Buckle’s Doctrine as to the Scotch and Their History”, 出自 David Masson 編, Macmillan’s Magazine, 卷 IV, 期 22, Cambridge, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, part II (The Weasel-wars of Scotland and the Scottish Reformation)，頁號 316，列號 1:

Skates that are not quite a fit, my dear Smith, / May flabberghast even a chap of your pith.

1887 January 29, “The ‘Emergency-Man’”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 XCII, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC，頁號 54，列號 1:

At this I was rendered completely flabaghast—for, although the allegation was undeniably correct, I had confidently hoped that my friend Ram was unaware of the fact, or would at least have the ordinary mother-wit to refrain from blurting it out!

1896 August 22, [F. Anstey] [pseudonym; Thomas Anstey Guthrie], “Jottings and Tittlings. (By Baboo Hurry Bungsho Jabberjee, B.A.) No. XXI. Mr. Jabberjee Halloos before He is Quite Out of the Woods”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 CXI, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC，頁號s 88–89，列號 2:

He [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] loved to flabbergast his associates by announcing some startling new policy without consulting any of them.

1956, John T[homas] Flynn, “The Rabbits Go Back in the Hat”, 出自 The Roosevelt Myth, revised版, New York, N.Y.: Devin-Adair Publishing Company, →OCLC; reprinted Auburn, Ala.: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008, →OCLC, book 1 (Trial—and Error)，頁號s 50–51:

The idea may surprise you, but I intend that it shall flabbergast the poor foolish Englishmen mured up behind those pine and redwood logs. Flabbergast 'em, I say!

2008, Harry Turtledove, The United States of Atlantis: A Novel of Alternate History, New York, N.Y.: Roc/New American Library, →ISBN，頁號 240:

Then the most unbelievable thing happened, totally flabbergasting every student in the class.

2012, Tara M. Tamasi, Ms. O’Brien’s Class, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN，頁號 226:


feed

繼承自中古英語 feden，繼承自古英語 fēdan (“喂食”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *fōdijan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *fōdijaną (“喂养”)，源自原始印歐語 *peh₂- (“守卫，放牧，喂食”)。同源詞包括西弗里斯蘭語 fiede (“滋养、喂养”)、荷蘭語 voeden (“喂养”)、丹麥語 føde (“生產；喂养”)、瑞典語 föda (“生產；喂养”)、冰島語 fæða (“喂养”)、拉丁語 pāscō (“喂养、滋养”)。參見 food、fodder。

Feed the dog every evening.

If thine enemy hunger, feed him.

你的仇敵若餓了，就給他吃。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:20:

把東西交給機器處理；給料

Feed the paper gently into the document shredder.

将纸张轻轻送入文档碎纸机。

We got interesting results after feeding the computer with the new data.

在向计算机输入新数据后，我们得到了有趣的结果。

Morrison then played a pivotal role in West Brom's equaliser, powering through the middle and feeding Tchoyi, whose low, teasing right-wing cross was poked in by Thomas at the far post

2010 December 28, Kevin Darlin, “West Brom 1-3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC:


hurl

繼承自中古英語 hurlen，原为拟声词。对比hurry、hurtle。

I was standing on the edge of the conning-tower, when a heavy palm suddenly struck me between the shoulders and hurled me forward into space. The drop to the triangular deck forward of the conning-tower might easily have broken a leg for me, or I might have slipped off onto the deck and rolled overboard; but fate was upon my side, as I was only slightly bruised.

1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Land That Time Forgot, Chapter IV:

The Tottenham wing was causing havoc down the right and when he broke past the bemused Sasa Balic once again, Bellamy was millimetres from connecting with his cross as the Liverpool striker hurled himself at the ball.

2011 September 2, “Wales 2-1 Montenegro”, 出自 BBC:

说出 （尖锐或贬低的话）

The gangs hurled abuse at each other.

Tarzan on his part never lost an opportunity to show that he fully reciprocated his foster father's sentiments, and whenever he could safely annoy him or make faces at him or hurl insults upon him from the safety of his mother's arms, or the slender branches of the higher trees, he did so.

1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 5:

Those who passed by hurled insults at him, shaking their heads and saying, “So! You who are going to destroy the temple and build it in three days, come down from the cross and save yourself!"

1984, New International Version of the Bible, Mark 15:29-30:

It is Boxing Day in a football ground, and all we can do is sprawl over the plastic, hurling instructions and vague encouragement.

2016, Daniel Gray, Saturday, 3pm: 50 Eternal Delights of Modern Football:

On Nicias a philosopher having his shoes stolen from him, may they, said he, fit his feet that took them away. A wish at the first view very harmless, but there was that in it which poisoned his charity into a malicious revenge. For he himself had hurled or crooked feet, so that in effect he wished the thief to be lame.

1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times:


irk

源自中古英語 irken (“使...劳累”)，源自古諾爾斯語 yrkja (“工作”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wurkijaną (“工作”)，源自原始印歐語 *werǵ- (“劳”)。同源词有冰島語 yrkja (“撰写”)、瑞典語 yrka (“催促，争辩”)、古英語 wyrċan (“工作”)。详见work。

It irks me doing all this work and have someone wreck it.

做了那么多东西最后被人给毁了，让我非常气恼。


hurtle

动词派生自中古英語 hurtelen、hurtlen (“掷，投；冲向；垮塌；伤害；击倒；推动；冲刺；跌倒”) [以及其他形式]，源自hurten (“伤害（肉体或比喻义）；损害；羞辱，伤害...的情感；受伤；撞上；推动；跌倒”)（还见英語 hurt (动词)） + -el-、-elen (反复态后缀)。英语词可作hurt (“（弃用）敲打，击打”) + -le (反复态后缀)分析。
名词派生自动词。

fling

推动，猛抛，猛丢 （重物）

hurl

推动，猛抛，猛丢 （重物）

推动，猛抛，猛丢 （重物）

He hurtled the wad of paper angrily at the trash can and missed by a mile.

他生气地朝垃圾桶丢了一捆纸，但是丢偏了很远。

Soone as thoſe glitterand armes he did eſpye, / That vvith their brightneſſe made that darknes light, / His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye, / And threaten batteill to the Faery knight; […]

[1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto VII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 42，頁號 283:

Away, thou east wind, snarling like a scold! / […] / Now, like sheep-shearer, from some mountain fold, / Thou hurtlest air with twisting, fleecy flakes / Of martial snow, that like a tyrant bold, / His pleasure in his neighbour's vineyard takes, / Nor careth for the wreck that everywhere he makes.

1882, Charles Miller, “The Delaying Spring”, 出自 The Three Scholars and Other Poems, Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot, […], →OCLC，頁號 58:


hitch

可能源自中古英語 hicchen、hytchen、icchen (“猛地移动”)，词源不详，其他语言中难以找到同源词。对比itch、hike。

She hitched her jeans up and then tightened her belt.

她把牛仔裤一把扯上来，然后系上皮带。

He hitched the bedroll to his backpack and went camping.

他把铺盖卷固定到背包上，然后去露营了。

Philander went into the next room, which was just a lean-to hitched on to the end of the shanty, and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.

1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, 章號 8, 出自 Mr. Pratt's Patients:

The company has hitched its future to artificial intelligence — whether with its voice-enabled digital assistant or its automated placement of advertising for marketers — as the breakthrough technology to make the next generation of services and devices smarter and more capable.

2020 December 3, Cade Metz, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Researcher Says She Was Fired Over Paper Highlighting Bias in A.I.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


instigate

源自拉丁語 īnstīgātus，īnstīgāre (“促使；煽动”)的过去分词，源自前缀in- (“...里”) + *stigare，与stinguere (“推动，刺激”)有关。对比德語 stechen (“戳，扎”)、英語 stick。

to instigate a riot

If the man perceives that his partner has arousal or orgasmic difficulties, this is likely to influence his desire to instigate sexual activity and/or his enjoyment and pleasure in being sexual with his partner.

2017, Desa Markovic, Working with Sexual Issues in Psychotherapy

to instigate someone to a crime

he might instigate them to swear against the law of God

1678, Robert Barclay, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity


ingrain

繼承自中古英語 engreynen，源自法語短语en grain，并得到了短语(dyed) in grain的增补。见grain。

将...染色 （用速效或持久的染料）

The dirt was deeply ingrained in the carpet.

The lessons I learned at school were firmly ingrained in my mind.

我在学校学的课已经深深刻入我的脑海。


impugn

借自中古法語 impugner，源自拉丁語 impugnō，源自im- + pugnō (“打斗”)，源自pugnus (“拳头”)，即英语中的pugilism (“用拳头打架”)。

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:impugn。


intimidate

:< 中世紀拉丁語 intimidatus —— intimidare （“使害怕”）的过去分词 < 拉丁語 in （“在…内”） + timidus （“害怕的，胆怯的”）。 另见 timid。

使钦佩，使敬仰，使…留下良好印象


jilt

低地蘇格蘭語 jillet (“轻佻女性”)的缩约形。

将...无情抛弃，甩 (爱人)；（在恋爱中）欺骗

The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 8, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


hide

源自中古英語 hiden、huden，源自古英語 hȳdan (“隐藏，保留”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hūdijan (“隐藏”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hūdijaną (“藏匿”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)kewdʰ- (“盖，包”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)kewH- (“盖”)。
动词原为弱变化。钦定版圣经中，过去分词使用了hid和hidden。
同源词包括荷蘭語 huiden、低地德語 (ver)hüden、(ver)hüen (“隐藏，掩盖”)、威爾士語 cuddio (“隐藏”)、拉丁語 custōs、古希臘語 κεύθω (keúthō, “隐藏，掩盖”)、梵語 कुहरम् (kuharam, “洞穴”)。与hut和sky有关。

The blind man, whom he had not been able to cure with the pomade, had gone back to the hill of Bois-Guillaume, where he told the travellers of the vain attempt of the druggist, to such an extent, that Homais when he went to town hid himself behind the curtains of the "Hirondelle" to avoid meeting him.

1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter XI, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 6，頁號 18:

He hides his magazines under the bed.

他把他的杂志藏在床底下。

The politicians were accused of keeping information hidden from the public.

政治家被指责对公众隐瞒信息。


hoodwink

动词派生自hood (“兜帽，风帽”) + wink (“闭眼”)。
名词派生自动词。

用兜帽等盖住...的眼睛；蒙住...的眼睛 （自16世纪中叶）

For, (having many times torne the vaile of modestie) it seemed, for a laste delight, that she delighted in infamy: which often she had used to her husbands shame, filling all mens eares (but his) with reproch; while he (hoodwinkt with kindnes) lest of all mẽ [men] knew who strake him.

c. 1580, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 20”, 出自 The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat 編, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC，頁號s 278–279:

The earth is given over into the hand of the Wicked One, / Who hoodwinketh the faces of its judges. / If this be not so, where, who is HE?

1871, “Reply of Job to the First Speech of Bildad”, 出自 John Noble Coleman（譯者）, The Poem of Job: The Most Ancient Book in the Universe: The First Written Revelation which God Vouchsafed to Man. […], 2nd版, […] [T[homas] and A[rchibald] Constable at the Edinburgh University Press] for private circulation, →OCLC, chapter IX, verse 24，頁號 27:

[L]ocal prophecy declares on Merlin's authority that when the tree falls Carmarthen will fall with it. Perhaps through an unconscious desire on the part of some patriotic citizens of averting the calamity by inducing the tree-spirit to transfer its abode, or else by otherwise hoodwinking the tree-spirit into forgetting that Merlin's Oak is dead, a vigorous and now flourishing young oak has been planted so directly beside it that its foliage embraces it.

1911, W[alter] Y[eeling] Evans-Wentz, “The Testimony of Paganism”, 出自 The Fairy-faith in Celtic Countries, London, New York, N.Y.: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section III (The Cult of Gods, Spirits, Fairies, and the Dead)，頁號 435:

Ex-King Constantine would be regarded as an apt disciple so long as he succeeded in his purpose of hoodwinking the Allies.

1917 September 21, “The Greek White Book”, 出自 The Near East: A Weekly Review of Oriental Politics, Literature, Finance, and Commerce, 卷 XIII, 期 333, London: The Near East Editorial and Publishing Offices, →OCLC，頁號 410，列號 1:

Can't the New York myth be exploded before Mr. De Sapio [i.e, Carmine DeSapio] hoodwinks Mr. [William Averell] Harriman and the Democratic Party?

1955 November 7, Russell C. Stroup, “Native Sons [letter]”, 出自 Henry R[obinson] Luce 編, Time, 卷 LXVI, 期 19, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 10，列號 2:

Is it funny in the novel [The Horse’s Mouth (1944) by Joyce Cary] to hear Gulley tell about hoodwinking his former or prospective rich patrons with absurd pranks?

1959 January, Parker Tyler, “Has the Horse’s Mouth a Gold Tooth?”, 出自 Albert Frankfurter 編, ARTnews, 卷 57, 期 9, New York, N.Y.: Art Foundation Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 38，列號 2:

As his correspondence with successive aristocratic First Lords of the Admiralty reveals, he was both unctuously deferential in his dealings with his official and social superiors, and capable sometimes of hoodwinking them.

2007, Linda Colley, “Out of the Caribbean”, 出自 The Ordeal of Elizabeth Marsh: How a Remarkable Woman Crossed Seas and Empires to Become a Part of World History, London: Harper Perennial, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，頁號 39:

In the absence of enforcement, many liurai decided to sell the coffee beans and to pocket the profits. To claw back the money, the Portuguese hired the warriors of a nearby liurai as tax collectors. This itself proved hardly a fail-safe strategy as, on many occasions, the liurai who were sent out to get the money hoodwinked the Portuguese and also kept the stash.

2013, Gordon [Patrick] Peake, “The Portuguese Monument”, 出自 Beloved Land: Stories, Struggles, and Secrets from Timor-Leste, Brunswick, Vic., London: Scribe Publications, →ISBN，頁號 21:

The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hoodwinked—when the harp of the poet was to be hung on the willows of Arno, and the right hand of the painter to forget its cunning.

1827 March, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. I. Œuvres complétes de Machiavel, traduites par J. V. Perier. Paris, 1825. [book review]”, 出自 The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 卷 XLV, 期 XC, Edinburgh: […] [T]he heirs of D. Willison, for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, […]; and Adam Black, […], →OCLC，頁號 285:


intricate

和形容词一样，或与extricate类比而得来。

将...卷入，使...混入

But the British and French won't hear of that; they want to get their troops extricated and our ground troops intricated.

1994 December 12, William Safire, “Avoid Dunkirk II” (essay), in The New York Times:


kerchief

源自中古英語 coverchef及其他形式，源自古法語 couvrechief，源自couvrir (“盖住”) + chief (“头”)。


juxtapose

借自法語 juxtaposer，对应英语中juxta- + pose，派生自拉丁語 iuxtā (“在...旁”) + pōnō (“放置”)。

将……并列放置（尤指用于对比等）

"In juxtaposing the youth athletes of our grandparents' generation with those of the modern era, we're essentially comparing Volkswagen Beetles to Hummers."

2006, Scarnati, Chris, "We should follow New Jersey's lead on this one", YourCranberry:


eke out

源自弃用词eke (“添加，使...增加”) + out。

The old man eked out his pension by selling vegetables from his garden.

老人靠卖花园里的蔬菜来让自己的养老金多一些。

Now the reaſons why they teach the calves to drink ſo ſoon are various. [...] Secondly, the goodwife ſaves milk by this way of drinking, for ſhe quickly ekes out the milk with pottage, &c.

1694 October 8, John Houghton, compiler, “A Letter from a Lancashire Friend about Breeding Cattle. […]”, 出自 Richard Bradley 編, Husbandry and Trade Improv’d: Being a Collection of Many Valuable Materials Relating to Corn, Cattle, Coals, Hops, Wool, &c. […] In Three Volumes, 期 CXIII, London: Prin[t]ed for Woo[d]man and Lyon […], 出版於 1727, →OCLC，頁號 303:

[T]he author [William Belsham] ekes out his volume with a great many extraneous details, which relate to a ſubſequent period; [...] The whole work is ſingularly confuſed and deſultory: and, indeed, the plan which the author adopts, is altogether incompatible with that unity and coherence which is eſſential to hiſtory.

1805 July, “Art. XIV. History of Great Britain. By William Belsham. Vol. XI. and XII. London, 1805. 8vo. [book review]”, 出自 The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 卷 VI, 期 XII, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, […], for Archibald Constable & Co. […], and Longman Hurst Rees and Orme, […], →OCLC，頁號 428:

He eked out a living selling vegetables from the garden.

他靠卖花园里的蔬菜勉强度日。

[…]stylistically raw work known as outsider art that was frequently made by Southern blacks and whites who eked out livings as farmers or repairmen.

2001 October 23, Roberta Smith, “Howard Finster, Folk Artist and Preacher, Dies at 84”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

But before too long, the rations that Parivash was ekeing out to feed them fell short and the tension that sprang from so many families piled in together overflowed.

2011, Kamin Mohammadi, “Displaced”, 出自 The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN; paperback版, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, →ISBN，頁號 197:

British tycoon Richard Branson stole the show here Wednesday, announcing that he and his family would be on Virgin Galactic's first trip into space, as Airbus and Boeing eked out more plane orders.

2012 July 12, Ben Perry, “Branson’s spaceship steals the spotlight at airshow”, 出自 Yahoo! News，於2020-04-26歸檔自原頁面:

Her stomach growled at the prospect of eating roast rabbit for breakfast; the last time she had eaten meat had been three days ago. Since then, they had been ekeing out the last dusty contents of a sack of oats, watered down and cooked to make a sloppy gruel.

2013, Meriel Fuller, 章號 1, 出自 The Knight’s Fugitive Lady (Harlequin Historical; 370), Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Enterprises, →ISBN，頁號 7:


lullaby

源自中古英語 lullen (“使...镇静”) + bye。首次可考于约1560年。对比古英語 bī, bī (叹词)。


lavender

源自中古英語 lavendre，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 lavendre（法語 lavande），源自中世紀拉丁語 lavendula，可能源自拉丁語 lividus (“浅蓝的”)，但因薰衣草常用于洗衣，而受到了lavō (“洗”)的影响。

用薰衣草装饰或给...予薰衣草香

Short shafts of dying sunlight mingled with the deepening grey, lavendering the horizon, and all nature seemed to hush as though waiting to welcome the night.

1986, Katherine Gibson Fougera, With Custer's Cavalry，頁號 47:


lumbago

名词借自晚期拉丁語 lumbāgō (“腰部疼痛”)，源自晚期拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部的”)、拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lendʰ- (“腰部”)） + -āgō (构成描述物体、动物和植物的名词的后缀)。
动词直接衍生自名词。


limp

源自中古英語 limpen，源自古英語 limpan (“发生；存在；属于；适合；有关于”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *limpaną (“滑动，适合”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)lemb-、*(s)lembʰ- (“松垮地垂”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 limp (“发生”)、中古荷蘭語 limpen (“发生”)、中古低地德語 gelimpen (“缓和”)、中古高地德語 limfen (“合适；成为”)同源。


leverage

使用；利用；為了充分利用（某物）而進行操縱。

They plan to leverage the publicity into a good distribution agreement.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

They plan to leverage off the publicity to get a good distribution agreement.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

EAP research has developed advanced methods for producing corpus-informed vocabulary resources, but these have yet to be fully leveraged to promote disciplinary literacy within the secondary school context.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, 出自 Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 卷 35, →DOI，頁號 105:


jibe

不详，可能源自古法語 giber (“嬉戏打闹”)。对比英語 jib (“（马）停下不愿继续走”)、古諾爾斯語 geipa (“胡说”)。
名词派生自动词。

We could hardly speak before for fear of our Taskmasters; but we dare now Nose those Villains that used to gibe us.

1714, John Arbuthnot, A Farther Continuation of the History of the Crown-Inn: Part III. Containing the Present State of the Inn, and Other Particulars, 2nd版, London: Printed for J. Moor, […], →OCLC，於2019-03-10歸檔自原頁面，頁號 15:

How I want thee, hum'rous Hogarth! / Thou, I hear, a pleaſant Rogue art; / […] / Draw the Beaſts as I deſcribe them, / From their Features, while I gibe them.

a. 1746, [Jonathan] Swift, “A Character, Panegyrick, and Description of the Legion Club”, 出自 Miscellanies, 5th版, 卷 X, London: Printed for T. Woodward, C. Davis, C. Bathurst, and W[illiam] Bowyer, 出版於 1751, →OCLC，頁號s 227–228:


lithe

源自中古英語 lithen，源自古英語 līþian、līþiġian (“使...软，使...宁静，使...缓和，安抚”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *linþijaną (“使...软”)，源自原始印歐語 *lento- (“有弹性的”)。与德語 lindern (“减轻，缓和”)同源。

使...软，使...平静，缓和，减轻

England.. hath now suppled, lithed and stretched their throats.

a. 1652, Thomas Adams, Physic from Heaven

Give me also faith, Lord,.. to lithe, to form, and to accommodate my spirit and members.

1642, Daniel Rogers, Naaman the Syrian: His Disease and Cure


lithe

源自中古英語 lithen，源自古諾爾斯語 hlýða (“听”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hliuþijaną (“听”)，源自原始印歐語 *ḱlewe- (“听见”)。与丹麥語 lytte (“听”)同源。与古英語 hlēoþor (“声音，声响，嗓音，歌声”)、古英語 hlūd (“吵闹的，洪亮的”)有关。其他见loud。


maraud

源自法語 marauder，派生自maraud (“无赖，流浪者”)，源自中古法語 maraud (“无赖”)，源自古法語 *marault (“乞丐，流浪者”)，源自marir、marrir (“烦扰，迷失，迷路”)，源自古法蘭克語 *marrijan (“疏漏；妨碍”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *marzijaną (“疏漏；妨碍；破坏”)，源自原始印歐語 *mers- (“迷；不知道，忘”) + 古法語后缀-ault、-aud。同源词有古高地德語 marrjan、marren (“妨碍”)、古撒克遜語 merrian (“妨碍；浪费”)、哥特語 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan, “冒犯”)。与mar有关。

As the tract of country they intended to maraud was far in the Moorish territories near the coast of the Mediterranean, they did not arrive until late in the following day.

1829, Washington Irving, A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada: In Two Volumes, 卷 1, Paris: Baudry, at the Foreign Library，頁號s 118-9:


marmalade

借自中古法語 marmelade，源自葡萄牙語 marmelada (“榅桲酱”)，源自marmelo (“榅桲”)，源自拉丁語 melimēlum (“甜苹果”)，源自古希臘語 μελίμηλον (melímēlon)，源自μέλι (méli, “蜜”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “苹果”)。


lurch

源自中古英語 *lurche（由lurching推测出），源自古法語 lourche (“被骗的；尴尬的；一种游戏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *lort (“左；左撇子的；扭曲的；弯曲的；变形的；狡诈的；跛脚的”)。与英語 lirt同源。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


mortify

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 mortifier、中古法語 mortifier，源自晚期拉丁語 mortificō (“使...死亡”)，源自拉丁語 mors (“死亡”) + -ficō (“化”)。

使...节制，使...节欲 （身体、食欲等） （自15世纪）

Some people seek sainthood by mortifying the body.

一些人为了追求成为圣人而节欲。

With fasting mortify'd, worn out with tears.

1767, Walter Harte, Eulogius: Or, The Charitable Mason:

Mortify thy learned lust.

Mortify, therefore, your members which are upon the earth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Colossians 3:5:

使...窘迫，使...难堪，使...屈辱，使...丢人，羞辱 （自17世纪）

I was so mortified I could have died right there; instead I fainted, but I swore I'd never let that happen to me again.

我在那都快要丢人死了，然后我昏倒了，但是我发誓我绝对不会让这种事有第二次。

Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 5, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

杀害 （14-17世纪）

扼杀，废止 （14-18世纪）

Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine.

1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, 出自 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

使...坏死 （活体组织等） （15-18世纪）

使...沮丧，使...懊恼，烦扰

the news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly mortified our expectations

22 September 1651 (date in diary), 1818 (first published), John Evelyn, John Evelyn's Diary

the schoolmasters of Ayr were paid out of the mills mortified by Queen Mary

1876 James Grant, History of the Burgh and Parish Schools of Scotland, Part II, Chapter 14, p.453 (PDF 2.7 MB):


vampire

源自法語 vampire，源自德語 Vampir，经由匈牙利语源自某斯拉夫語族单词，可能是塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 вампир (vàmpīr)，其为不可考词*upir的一个理论变体，源自原始斯拉夫語 *ǫpyrь，对比参考俄語 упы́рь (upýrʹ)、波蘭語 upiór、波蘭語 wąpierz等。oupire的同源對似詞。


muffle

來自中古英語 muflen (“包裹”)，盎格魯-諾曼語 amoufler的語頭音消失，來自古法語 enmoufler (“纏繞，包裹”)，來自moufle (“連指手套”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 muffula (“暖手筒”)，日耳曼語族的原型 (— C.E.817年首次在Capitulary of Aachen所紀錄)，來自古法蘭克語 *muffël (“套，包裹，信封”)來自*mauwa (“套子，包裹”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“套子”)) + *vël (“外皮，皮革”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“外皮，薄膜，羊毛”)。另一個詞源將中世紀拉丁語一詞追溯到古法蘭克語 *molfell (“柔軟皮革製成的衣服”)，來自*mol (“柔軟，軟化”) (與古高地德語 molawēn (“軟化”), 中古高地德語 molwic (“軟”), 英語 mulch同族) + *fell (“皮革，皮膚”)。

muffled up in darkness and superstition

1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull

The singer's voice was muffled by the thick walls, yet Tyrion knew the verse.

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 397:

矇住頭部來防止看、聽或說話


kibosh

名词词源不详，有下列说法：
* kurbash (“鞭打，抽打”)的无R音变体，源自阿拉伯語 كُرْبَاج (kurbāj, “鞭打，抽打”)，或源自这个词的词源鄂圖曼土耳其語 قرباچ (kırbaç, “鞭打，抽打”)（派生出 土耳其語 kırbaç (“鞭打”)）。
* 源自愛爾蘭語 caidhp bháis (字面意思是“死帽”)，据称其可指英国法官宣判死刑时所戴的黑帽子、死囚被处以绞刑前穿的兜帽、以及一种叫做pitchcapping的酷刑。但是，似乎没有证据证明该词使用于这些义项。
* 源自某意第绪语单词（对比希伯來語 כָּבַשׁ (kavásh, “征服”)），但是没有找到具体何词。
* 源自中古英語 cabochen (“砍掉（头，尤指鹿头），砍头”)，源自中古法語 cabocher (“砍掉（头）”)，源自caboche (“头”, 法国北部，非正式)（派生出中古英語 caboche (“卷心菜菜包”)），源自意大利語 capocchia (“脑袋”, 贬义)，最终源自拉丁語 caput (“头”)。中古英语词据称同化自伦敦俚语。
* 鞋匠俚语kibosh (“一英尺长的铁条，加热后用来熨烫皮革”)。
动词派生自名词

Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring [title] […] Plan of the Pennsylvania State Council of Defense to ring in a State-wide network of 45 stations for an "educational" blackout test, was nixed by the Office of Censorship after it was okayed by the Third Service Command of the army. Skedded for Thursday (8), purpose of the broadcast was to educate public with air raid warning signals and all Pennsylvanians were urged to listen to instructions as broadcast.

1943 July 17, “Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring”, 出自 The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 卷 55, 期 29, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，頁號 6，列號 1:

Deal for network star Henry Morgan to sign a Majestic contract for two albums has fallen thru, with Paul Baron, newly-named artist and repertoire topper at the diskery, kiboshing a deal that virtually had been consummated between his predecessors and Music Corporation of America (MCA).

1947 September 6, “Paul Baron Nixes 2 Morgan Albums”, 出自 Joseph G. Csida 編, The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 卷 59, 期 35, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，頁號 14，列號 3:

His second book is full of spirited advice on how to do business deals. According to [Mark] McCormack, this often amounts to keeping lawyers from kiboshing the deal.

1987 December 1, Peter Megargee Brown, “We Have Met the Enemy: The Terrible Truth about Lawyers by Mark H. McCormack, William Morrow, New York, N.Y., 260 pages; $17.95 [book review]”, 出自 Laurence Bodine 編, ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 127:

But this discovery, as cheering as it was, also kiboshed the hypothesis about different-colored varieties of H. simus in different reasons, because the dozen animals at Kianjavato were charcoal gray, just as [Patricia] Wright had originally expected.

1996, David Quammen, “So Huge a Bignes”, 出自 The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, 出版於 2004, →ISBN，頁號 239:

At which point, Mrs Arbuthnot enters to kibosh her son's prospects, only to be told, when the family facts emerge, that she should marry the high-born roué who has ruined her.

2003 September 17, Michael Billington, “Theatre: A Woman of No Importance, Haymarket Theatre, London [review]”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17歸檔自原頁面:

It appears some chump at Revenue and Customs has, against all rules, put a disc or discs containing 25 million child benefit records – names, addresses, National Insurance numbers, bank account details, the lot – in the post and inevitably it has gone missing. […] As several people pointed out, with particular reference to ID cards, this kiboshes any notion that confidential information is safe in government hands.

2007 November 20 (date written), Chris Mullin, 章號 2007, 出自 Ruth Winstone 編, Decline and Fall: Diaries 2005–2010, London: Profile Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN，頁號s 213–214:

Fortunately the FA [Football Association], in a rare moment of decisiveness, stepped in to kibosh the plan.

2010 May 15, Andrew Anthony, “Yes, the Capello Index wasn’t a good move, but remember Glenn?”, 出自 The Observer, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-10-11歸檔自原頁面:

Extensive highlights from Glastonbury, an Allied mission to kibosh the German A-bomb and a homage to Arthur Ashe。

2015 June 26, Ali Catterall, Julia Raeside, John Robinson, David Stubbs, “Friday’s best TV”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17歸檔自原頁面, subtitle:

Superman bashed Bavarians and kiboshed Krauts with a mix of solemn consecration, righteous anger and cathartic glee.

2021, Roy Schwartz, “The Galactic Golem”, 出自 Is Superman Circumcised?: The Complete Jewish History of the World’s Greatest Hero, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, part III (Mensch of Steel: Fulfilling Jewish Fantasy and Faith)，頁號 166:


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

I'll messenger over the signed documents.

我會把這封簽名文件郵寄出去。


nigger

可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (“非洲黑人”)，最终源自拉丁語 niger (“黑色的”)。比较丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro和noir的同源對似詞。

The gated community is a powerful tool in the systematic and sustained niggering of local 3rd-world communities - namely, in the book, the Hispanic (mostly wetbacK^([sic])) community

1997 January 18, Joe Frisch, “Anglo-US relations under a Blair Government”, 出自 uk.org.mensa (Usenet):

> He is on TV saying that he was "abused" by the police and treated like a nigger.

1999 December 3, Jeff Welch, “Who is McGuyver and why was he "niggered?”, 出自 seattle.general, December 3 (Usenet):

Why would many Paletinians want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is

2003 July 16, “Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth”, 出自 soc.retirement (Usenet):


simmer

方言词simper的变换形式，源自中古英語 simperen (“炖”)，可能是拟声词。最早记录是不及物动词。名词源自动词。首次記錄於15世纪末叶。

同類詞： bake、sauté

Simmer the soup for five minutes, then serve.

There are other easy ways you can bake and simmer and sauté wild game without qualifying as a gourmet cook.

1981, Phyllis Hobson, Easy Game Cookery, Storey Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 2:


murder

源自中古英語 murder、murdre、mourdre，变化自早期形式murthre (“谋杀”)（参见murther），源自古英語 morþor (“暗杀，非法杀害”)和古英語 myrþra (“谋杀，他杀”)，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *murþrą (“死，杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mr̥tro- (“杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mer-、*mor-、*mr̥- (“死”)。与哥特語 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “谋杀”)、古高地德語 mord (“谋杀”)、古諾爾斯語 morð (“谋杀”)、古英語 myrþrian (“谋杀”)和morþ有关。
中古英語词形内的-d-可能部分受到盎格魯-諾曼語 murdre的影响，后者源自古法語 murdre，源自中世紀拉丁語 murdrum（亦派生出同源对似词murdrum），源自古法蘭克語 *morþr、*murþr (“谋杀”)，源自同样的日耳曼語族词根，虽然也有可能是完全内部发展的结果（对比burden，其源自burthen）。

Our team is going to murder them.

我们队必打得他们找不着北。


overstay

Thailand’s Constitutional Court ruled Wednesday that Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha must suspend his active duties while the court decides whether he has overstayed his legal term in office.

2022 August 24, Tassanee Vejpongsa & Grant Peck, “Thai court suspends PM Prayuth pending ruling on term limit”, 出自 The Washington Post, retrieved 2022-08-24:

overstay one's visa


google

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998 July 8, Larry Page, “Google Search Engine: New Features”, 出自 eGroups, Google Friends Mailing List，於1999-10-09歸檔自原頁面:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002 December 28, Bill Keller, “Who's Sorry Now?”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁號 A-19:

使用搜索引擎進行網上搜索

I googled him but there were no references to him on the Internet.

我在網上搜了他，但是沒有結果。


prowl

源自中古英語 prollen，其词源不详。

鬼鬼祟祟地四处徘徊； 觅食或寻找猎物

He prowls each place, still in new colours decked.

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, 出自 The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat 編, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:

Watch the lioness prowling in the shrubbery for zebras.

看那只母狮子在灌木丛里狩猎斑马。

It's easy to sneak vandalism into Wiktionary as there are few other users prowling the Recent Changes page.

维基词典很容易就会被人偷偷破坏，因为没有多少用户盯着“最近更改”页面。

While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou。

2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, 出自 BBC:

to prowl money


olla

:< 烏拉爾語系词根 *wole-。 与爱沙尼亚语 olema、匈牙利语 volt 同源。

（助动词）已经，已，…过了

Olen jo syönyt tänään.　我今天吃过了。

与主动过去分词（单数词尾 -nut/-nyt，复数词尾 -neet）连用，构成主动现在完成时或主动过去完成时。

（助动词）已经，已，…过了

Aamiainen oli jo syöty.　早餐已经吃了。

与被动过去分词（词尾 -tu/-ty）连用，构成非人称简单过去时、非人称被动现在完成时或非人称被动过去完成时。


punir

繼承自古加泰羅尼亞語 punir，繼承自拉丁語 pūnīre。


punir

源自拉丁語 pūnīre。


punir

借自拉丁語 pūnīre。


octuple

將…乘以八，將…增加八倍


parsley

本詞語需要釋義。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


ogle

可能源自
* 荷蘭語，源自中古荷蘭語 *ooghelen、oeghelen (“盯着”)，oogen (“看”)的反复态，源自oge (“眼睛”)，
* 或源自低地德語 oegeln，oegen (“看”)的反复态，源自Oog (“眼睛”)。
对比德語 äugeln (“盯着”)。详见eye、-le。

盯着，凝视 （尤指不礼貌地，深情地或贪婪地）


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Sessional Papers, 卷 28，頁號 38:


rabble

首次出现于14世纪，源自中古英語 rablen (“漫步，信步；胡言”)，与中古荷蘭語 rabbelen (“说话”)、低地德語 rabbeln、robbeln (“聊天，漫谈”)。


rabble

古法語 roable（现代法语râble），源自拉丁語 rutabulum (“拔火棍”)。


ostracize

源自古希臘語 ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō, “通过陶片放逐法放逐”)，源自ὄστρᾰκον (óstrakon, “陶片”) + -ῐ́ζω (-ízō, 构成动词的后缀)。英语词与法語 ostraciser同源。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ostracize.wav

blackball

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

cut someone dead

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

give someone the cold shoulder

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

send to Coventry

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

leper

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

以陶片放逐法放逐（五或十年） （自19世纪中叶）

[T]he person who was ostracised was obliged to leave Athens within ten days after the sentence, and unless a vote of the people recalled him before the expiration of that time, to stay in exile for ten years.

1840, “OSTRACISM”, 出自 [George Long] 編, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 卷s XVII (Organ–Pertinax), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 55，列號 2:

The Athenian Hyperbolus, who had been ostracized some years before by the coalition of Nikias and Alkibiades, together with their respective partisans—ostracized (as Thucydides tells us) not from any fear of his power and over-transcendent influence, but from his bad character and from his being a disgrace to the city—and thus ostracized by an abuse of the institution—was now resident at Samos.

[1849], George Grote, “Twenty-first Year of the War.—Oligarchy of Four Hundred at Athens.”, 出自 A History of Greece from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great。[...] In Four Volumes, 2nd版, 卷 III, New York, N.Y.: W. L. Allison Co., publishers, →OCLC, part II (Continuation of Historical Greece)，頁號 203:


rehouse

The existing collection of paintings will be rehoused in the new gallery.

現存的藏畫將會保存到新的畫廊。


pantomime

约17世纪，源自拉丁語 pantomīmus，源自古希臘語 παντόμιμος (pantómimos)，源自πᾶς (pâs, “全”) + μιμέομαι (miméomai, “模仿”)。


regurgitate

源自晚期拉丁語 regurgitatus，regurgitare的过去分词，re- (表示返回) + gurgitare (“吞食；涌动”)的结合形式，源自gurges (“旋涡，海湾，海洋，深渊”)。

/ɹɪˈɡɝd͡ʒəˌteɪt/

The young gulls were fed by their mother’s regurgitated food.

小海鸥吃它们妈妈反刍出来的食物。

机械地重复，枯燥乏味地重复


overdose

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/


rehash

重新将...切成小片，重新将...切碎 （见hash）

I never did care for Sunday joint that was served up cold on Monday, hashed on Tuesday, rissoled on Wednesday, and re-hashed on Thursday[.]

1942 July 1, The Newcastle and Maitland Catholic Sentinel, Newcastle, NSW，頁號 224，列號 2:

（无意义地，基本一样地） 重复；改头换面

Today's parliamentary session only rehashed last week's arguments.

今天的议会会议只是在重复上个星期的争辩。

The CEO of the company only rehashed a speech for the news conference.

公司的CEO只是在新闻发布会上重复了一次演讲。

The general rehashed plans for the war.

将军换汤不换药地定下了战争计划。

分析，回忆 （之前的争吵或不愉快的事）

Let's not rehash what we did last night.

我们别再提昨晚我们干的事了。

重新计算...的哈希，重新计算...的散列值 （如哈希表等数据结构）


regale

源自法語 régaler (“取悦于，款待”)，源自古法語 regale、rigale，源自gale (“欢乐”)，可能源自日耳曼語族（参见古法語 galer）。受到了古法語 se rigoler (“开心，愉悦”)的影响，其词源不详。对比中古高地德語 begalen (“迷住”)、英語 gale (“唱歌；使...陶醉”)。亦对比英語 gala。

使...愉快，使...开心，取悦于 （自17世纪）

You’ve Got Mail is certainly the basic model for the plot, which finds corporate candy shill Joel ([Paul] Rudd) and indie-sweetshop owner Molly ([Amy] Poehler) regaling their dinner companions with the very long, digressive story of how they met and fell in love.

2014 June 26, A. A. Dowd, “Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler Spoof Rom-com Clichés in They Came Together”, 出自 The A.V. Club，於2017-12-07歸檔自原頁面:

款待，招待 （自17世纪）

（使用故事等）取悦，使...满足

to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


beguile

源自中古英語 begilen、begylen，等价于be- + guile。对比中古荷蘭語 begilen (“欺骗”)。bewile的同源對似詞。

吸引，迷住，使...陶醉

I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming.

1864 November 21, Abraham Lincoln (signed) or John Hay, letter to Mrs. Bixby in Boston

I will never touch The Orb, even though its mysterious glow seduces and beguiles

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

（因快乐等）让...过的更快 （时间）

We beguiled the hours away

我们在欢乐中很快度过了好几个小时。

They beguile the tedium of this enforced leisure by weaving baskets and playing on certain sacred flutes.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, 卷 11，頁號 241:


redresser

redresser l’économie


pooh-pooh

In England, until very late days, we have been accustomed rather to pooh-pooh national Orders, to vote ribbons and crosses tinsel gewgaws, foolish foreign ornaments, and so forth.

c. 1861, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “On Ribbons”, 出自 Roundabout Papers, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 出版於 1863, →OCLC:

Pooh-poohing the IPCC's science has been one line of attack by [George W.] Bush's backers.

2001 June 21, Murray Sayle, “After George W. Bush, the deluge”, 出自 London Review of Books, 卷 23, 期 12，於2016-09-09歸檔自原頁面，頁號s 3–9:

[Bill] Clinton haters will pooh-pooh all of these acknowledgements as the index of a compulsive sociability that knows no limits and upholds no standards, a psychic necessity we should not make into a moral virtue.

2004 September 23, David Simpson, “The kid who talked too much and became President”, 出自 London Review of Books, 卷 26, 期 18，於2016-03-18歸檔自原頁面，頁號s 3–5:


portend

借自拉丁語 portendere (“预测，预知”)，源自por- (“向前”) + tendere (“伸展”)，tendo的现在主动不定式。

Let it be known that the Rapture portends the End of Days.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

When the staccato, Neptunes-ian single “Boyfriend” was released in March, musical prognosticators were quick to peg the album it portended, Believe, as Justin Bieber’s Justified, a grown-and-sexy, R&B-centric departure that evolved millennial teenybopper Justin Timberlake into one of the unifying pop-music figures of the aughts.

2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, 出自 The A.V. Club，於2020-08-06歸檔自原頁面:


bareback

In this video, the big guy gets to bareback the little guy.

在这部影片里，大个子不戴套插进小个子的屁眼里。


blather

源自中古英語 bletheren、bloderen，源自古諾爾斯語 blaðra (“说胡话”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 blether、bladder、bledder (“胡扯”)，德語方言bladdern (“说胡话”)、挪威語 bladra (“含糊不清地说”)、冰島語 blaðra (“说废话”)同源。

Then, just before the wedding, the old man feels he’s honor bound to tell his future son-in-law the secret of his past; so the damned idiot blathers the whole story of his killing the man and breaking jail!

1929, Eugene O’Neill, Dynamo, New York, N.Y.: Liveright, Act I, scene i, page 31:

[…] the church attitude has never been that a teacher should be allowed to blather anything that comes into his head without any accountability at all.

1974, Robert Pirsig, chapter 18, in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, part 3, page 214:


procrastinate

procrastination 的逆構詞，或源自拉丁語 prōcrastinātum，prōcrastinō (“推迟到明天”)的过去分词，源自prō (“为了”) + crāstinus (“明天的”)，源自crās (“明天”)。

Hence It became manifest to the publishers of Webster, that some device must be resorted to, to induce apathy in the publick mind, and thereby procrastinate the inevitable crisis which they foresaw was approaching, the expulsion of his elementary works from our primary schools.

1816, John Pickering, A vocabulary; or, Collection of words and phrases，頁號 4:


relish

变换自reles (“气味，味道，回味”)，源自古法語 relais、reles (“残留物”)，源自relaisser (“残留”)。

品味，享受（某物的味道） （自16世纪起）

He relishes their time together.

他很享受他们在一起的时光。

I don't relish the idea of going out tonight.

He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish the honours which he enjoys.

1706, Francis Atterbury, A sermon preached at the Guild-Hall Chapel, September 28, 1706

给...调味，使...美味 （自16世纪）


pilfer

源自中古英語 pilfre (“战利品”)，源自古法語 pelfre (“赃物，掠夺物”)，其词源不详。对比pelf。

偷窃 （尤指不值钱的，无足轻重的东西）


beckon

源自中古英語 bekenen、beknen、becnen、beknien，源自古英語 bēacnian、bēcnian、bīecnan (“示意”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bauknōn、*bauknijan (“示意”)，源自*baukn (“信号；烽火”)。与古撒克遜語 bōknian、古高地德語 bouhnen、古諾爾斯語 bákna同源。详见beacon。

示意...过来，示意...靠近，招呼


beshrew

源自中古英語 beschrewen (“诅咒”)，等价于be- + shrew。

（用于祈使句表示感叹性质的咒骂。）

Beshrew your heart, fair daughter!

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

"Now, beshrew his heart," quoth jolly Robin, "that would deny a butcher. And, moreover, I will go dine with you all, my sweet lads, and that as fast as I can hie." Whereupon, having sold all his meat, he closed his stall and went with them to the great Guild Hall.

1883, Howard Pyle, 章號 V, 出自 The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown, in Nottinghamshire, New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:


bungle

动词词源不详，有可能：
* 最终是拟声词（对比bumble (“笨手笨脚；犯错，出错”)、fumble (“笨拙地摸索；犯错”)）；或
* 源自古諾爾斯語，对比古瑞典語 bunga (“击打”)，方言瑞典語 bangla (“做无用功”)。
名词派生自动词。
同源词
* 德語 Bengel (“棍棒；粗鲁的人”)
* 中古高地德語 bungen (“敲”)

blunder

笨手笨脚，失误连连；搞砸

（笨手笨脚，不熟练地）做；（因为不熟练，没有能力而）搞砸，弄糟

I always had an idea that it would be bungled; but was willing to hope, and am still so. Whatever I can do by money, means, or person, I will venture freely for their freedom; and have so repeated to them (some of the Chiefs here) half an hour ago.

1821 February 24, Lord Byron, “Extracts from a Diary of Lord Byron, 1821”, 出自 Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: […], Frankfurt am Main: […] H. L. Brönner, 出版於 1830, →OCLC，頁號 468，列號 1:


besmirch

debase

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

smear

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

slander

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


reprieve

1571年，意为“带回监狱”，源自中古英語 repryen (“扣押，羁押”)（1494年），可能源自中古法語 repris，reprendre (“拿回”)的一个变位形式，与reprise同源。其词义已被泛化，但还暗含监狱或处刑的色彩。名词用法自1598年可考。对比拉丁語 privare。

给...予缓刑；撤销...的刑罚 （尤指死囚）

将...押回监狱 （而不处死）


bullshit

bullshits
bullshitting
bullshitted
bullshit
bullshat

I think you're bullshitting. Let’s just call your office and see if you even came in.

我觉得你在放屁。要不我们给你办公室打个电话看看你有没有去过。

You’re bullshitting me. I called your office and you never even came in.

放你妈的屁，我给你办公室打了电话，你根本都没有去过。


revere

源自法語 révérer，最终源自拉丁語 revereor，源自re- + vereor (“畏惧”)。


postfix

Verbs with י for the first radical, often drop it in the future, imperative, and infinitive of Kal, to which last they postfix ת (לקח to take, follows this form), and in Niph. and Hiph. they change י into ו.

1762, John Parkhurst, An Hebrew and English Lexicon: Without Points


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。

使...困惑，使...迷惑

The vastness of space really boggles the mind.

宽敞的空间让人难以置信。

The oddities of quantum mechanics can boggle the minds of students and experienced physicists alike.

量子力学的奇异让学生们，也让经验丰富的物理学家们摸不着头脑。


bitch

:< 中古英語 biche、bicche < 古英語 bicce < 原始日耳曼语 *ƀekwjōn（对比古冰岛语 bikkja、bikkjuna （“母狗”）、古丹麦语 bikke） < *ƀekwjenan（对比古诺尔斯语 bikkja （“跳入水中”）、荷兰语 bikken （“弄坏，损毁”）。 另见 bicker。

（后接 about）贬低，贬斥

（后接 about）批评，挑剔，指责，埋怨，抱怨


platonize

Either Plato philonized, or Philo platonized

1791, William Enfield, Johann Jakob Brucker, The History of Philosophy:


brazen

源自中古英語 brasen，源自古英語 bræsen (“黄铜的”)，等价于brass + -en（对比golden）。
原意为“黄铜的”，动词的比喻义（brazen it out (“放肆”)）追溯至16世纪50年代（可能源自“脸像黄铜一样不见羞耻”），形容词义“厚颜无耻的”源自16世纪70年代。对比bold as brass。

厚着脸皮做 （自16世纪50年代）

And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

1656, John Trapp, “A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew”, 出自 A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […], 2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，頁號 274:

His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

1832 November, “Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.”, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 卷 XXXII, 期 CCI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，頁號 870:

[T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

1949, Robert Graves, “Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)”, 出自 The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949, London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，頁號 151:

[...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

2007, Jennifer Brice, “Blue Storm”, 出自 Unlearning to Fly, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，頁號 169:

The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

2008, Charles W. Sasser, God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:


jacuzzi

专有商标名Jacuzzi的通用用法。Jacob和James的同源對似詞。

The suite was jacuzzied.

He jacuzzied his sore muscles.

他用按摩浴缸来按摩他酸痛的肌肉。


shoot

（用武器）射中、射伤、射死

（发射或抛掷投射物以）射坏
例：shot out the window - 打碎了窗户

射击、投射 - 用发射的方式打出（如一个洞）

发射：开火或让一个投射物飞出

放 - 炸毁或使…引起爆炸
例：shot off a firecracker - 放爆竹

注射 - 用一个皮下注射器注射（比如毒品）

抛出、撒扔出或释放（如一根钓鱼线）

投射 - 突然，猛烈地或迅速地，散发
例：The burning building shot sparks onto the adjacent roof. He shot an angry look at me. - 点了火的房子把火星溅到了隔壁的房顶上，他怒气冲冲地瞪了我一眼。

放射：发出（如多道光线）

连珠炮似地说出 - 有力、急速或突然地发出（声音或说话）
例：She shot a retort to the insult. - 她对这种辱骂立即辱骂立即作出了反击

（俚语）急送、急遣：快速地给，送或递
例：Shoot me that stapler. - 请速订书机递给我。

（非正式）花费，用完或浪费
例：They shot their savings on a new boat. - 他们把积蓄都花在了这条新买的船上。

（用胶片）拍摄
例：shot the scene in one take - 一次就把这个场景拍完

（使）突出、突起、伸展
例：shot out her arm to prevent the bottle from falling - 伸出她的手臂来抵挡掉下来的那个饼子

倾泻，倾倒
例：shot gravel into the hole - 把石子倒入洞中

在高尔夫球比赛中达到特定的分数

（用仪器）测量
例：shot the star - 测定星星的高度


accomplish

完成、达到目的、实行、实现、执行、达到目的、贯彻


power

源自中古英語 power、poer，源自古法語 poeir，源自通俗拉丁語 *potēre，源自拉丁語 possum、posse (“能够”)，见potent。对比法語 pouvoir。取代了古英語原生词汇anweald。

This CD player is powered by batteries.

这台CD播放器是由电池供电的。

United keeper Edwin van der Sar was the unlikely provider as his clearance found Rooney, who had got ahead of last defender Richard Dunne, and the forward brilliantly controlled a ball coming from over his shoulder before powering a shot past Brad Friedel.

2011 February 1, Mandeep Sanghera, “Man Utd 3 - 1 Aston Villa”, 出自 BBC:


結束

цзешу (czešu)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/kiːt̚³ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/

/ket̚⁵⁵ t͡sɵk̚⁵⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔk̚⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ sɔk̚³²/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/

終了

しゅうりょうする, shūryō suru

終了

しゅうりょうする, shūryō suru

到達最後階段，並不再繼續

圓滿結束

圆满结束


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

attain, come by, earn, gain, obtain, procure, secure, win

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, 出自 “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


beef up

原为大学俚语，源自beef (“肌肉力量”)。

强化，加强，加固 （1941年）

We need to beef up security around the airport.

我们必须加强机场周围的安保。


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 5, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


skunk

來自一個未被證實的新英格蘭南部阿爾岡昆語單詞，與阿貝納基語 segôgw, segonku (“噴霧（麝香）/ 尿尿的人”)同源，來自原始阿爾岡昆語 *šeka·kwa，來自*šek- (“尿尿”)。

大勝而使對方無法得分；零封

I skunked him at cards.

We fished all day but the lake skunked us.

我們釣了一整天的魚，但一無所獲。 (字面意思是「湖水零封了了我們」)


task

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

2nd guard: "Yeah, shiiit! I PWNED YO @zz!"

1999 August 5, Quaestor, “Re: [SP] So..the first victim of the Evil/Hero System”, 出自 rec.games.computer.ultima.online (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-23, message-ID <37AA8154.D77E6EB8@Skara.Brae>:

Otherwise I use fury as my normal attack. Fury completely pwns!

2001, Edward Glamkowski, alt.games.diablo2 (Usenet):

When you get to the Temple of Marr, look very closely at the vases at zone-in and see if you can find the picture where Mith Marr "pwns" someone.

2003, James Grahame, alt.games.everquest (Usenet):

My Trident pwns the Cirrus Logics!

2004, Bronney Hui, alt.comp.periphs.videocards.nvidia (Usenet):

NOOBZ STILL R NOT PWNED. CONTINUE PWNERSHIP UNTIL ALL NOOBZ R PWNED.

2005, AlphaDream, Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time, Nintendo:


short circuit

short circuits
short circuiting
short circuited

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998, Catherine Nickerson, The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002, Jim Kasper, Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003, Gina Hens-Piazza, Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

At times, the Knicks’ offense looked short-circuited. Anthony, despite his cold hand, kept shooting. / “They all feel good, to be honest with you,” Anthony said. “It wasn’t long, it wasn’t short, they were bouncing off the rim, they were chippers, the same shot I hit all the time so I can’t stop taking my shots.”

2016 November 28, Mike Vorkunov, “Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, 出自 The New York Times:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002, Paul Kimmel, Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002, Jose Mojico, C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


研究

ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ

東干語，西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫

yánjiū → yánjiu （輕尾聲異讀）

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ → ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ → /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/

現代標準漢語, 中國大陸

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/

/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/

/ɲi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/

/ɲi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/

/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/

/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/

/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/

/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/

/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/

/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/

/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/, /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/

維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話

/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/

進行研究

进行研究

研究方向

研究方法

研究成果

科學研究

科学研究

研究對象

研究对象

研究開發

研究开发

這個問題有待研究。

这个问题有待研究。


blow down

blows down
blowing down
blew down
blown down

I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house down.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

Part of the shed was recently blown down in a gale and has been removed, leaving rather inadequate accommodation.

1951 June, “Notes and News: Eskdale Railway Rolling Stock”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 424:

A tree had been blown down on the track east of Chippenham. Bath Spa station became a scene of milling confusion. One minute we were told that trains were running. Then they weren't. Then they were again. Not a sound basis on which to try rejigging a business trip.

2020 June 3, Andrew Mourant, “A safer railway in a greener habitat”, 出自 RAIL，頁號 58:

同類詞： rinse down、wash down

Blow down this enclosure and do some chip handling before you run this machine any further.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


slosh

The boy sloshed water over the edge of the bath.

男孩把水晃出了浴缸的边缘。

（大声地）倾倒，哗啦哗啦地倒（指液体）

The coffee was nice and hot, so she sloshed some into a cup and went back to her desk.

咖啡做得很好，还很热，她哗啦地倒进一个杯子里，回到她的桌子那。

He really sloshed on the sauce- they were a bit strong for my taste.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

She greeted me with a bright smile, and said: “Back already? Did you find it?” With a strong effort I mastered my emotion and replied curtly but civilly that the answer was in the negative. “No,” I said, “I did not find it.” “You can't have looked properly.” Again I was compelled to pause and remind myself that an English gentleman does not slosh a sitting redhead, no matter what the provocation.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VIII:


check out

（通过手续留下记录并）借出，取出，领取

He checked his favorite mystery out for the twenty-third time.

这是他第23次[从图书馆]借出他最喜欢的悬疑小说。

The desk clerk checked out the family that had been staying in room 322.

接待员给留在322号房的一家人退房了。

The library assistant was checking people out.

At 9:30 am, 12 inmates were checked out to the dispensary.

2010, Peterson's, Master the Corrections Officer Exam, Peterson's (ISBN 9780768930306), page 9:

检查，打量；核实，观察，调查

He was hanging out at the beach, checking out the young women in bikinis.

他在海滩看穿着比基尼的年轻女性。

He checked out the rumor, and managed to verify that it was true

他调查了那些流言，最后证实了。

Check it out! Best prices in town.

走过路过不要错过！全城最低价。

Check this out! They just arrested the Mayor!

看这个！他们把市长抓了！

获取，检出 （从仓库获取源代码或其他材料，以便修改并交回（check in））


裝載

чжуанцзай (čžuanczaj)

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːi̯³³/

泉漳話: 廈門、泉州、漳州

泉漳話: 廈門、泉州、漳州

泉漳話: 廈門、泉州、漳州

/t͡sɔŋ³³ t͡sai⁴¹/

泉漳話: 廈門、泉州、漳州

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai²¹/

泉漳話: 廈門、泉州、漳州

國際音標 (廈門, 漳州

泉漳話: 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 臺灣話（常用）

泉漳話: 臺灣話（常用）

/t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai¹¹/

泉漳話: 臺灣話（常用）

/t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai²¹/

泉漳話: 臺灣話（常用）

/t͡suaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sai²¹³/

裝載物資／装载物资 ― zhuāngzài wùzī ―


depth charge

depth charges
depth charging
depth charged

用深水炸彈攻擊目標（通常是潛水艇）

After the freighter was torpedoed, its escorting destroyers depth charged the submarine for two hours, but failed to sink it.

貨輪被魚雷擊中後，護航該船的驅逐艦對潛艇實施了兩個小時的深水炸彈攻擊，但沒能將其擊沉。


upper deck

在（馬桶）水箱上進行上層惡作劇

HOW DO I KNOW YOU'RE REALLY YOU AND NOT ANOTHER VOICE?
YOU UPPER-DECKED THE TOILET BACK IN THE AVENGERS MANSION.
I FEEL BAD ABOUT THAT, BUT I WAS MAD AT LOGAN.

2014, Gerry Duggan, Brian Posehn, Deadpool Vol. 4: Deadpool vs S.H.I.E.L.D.

I was angry at Cletus, then remembered the time in college when Sal and I picked the lock of Cletoid's bathroom door and took turns upper-decking his toilet. I smiled.

2017, Jonathan LaPoma, Understanding the Alacrán


tug

繼承自中古英語 tuggen、toggen，繼承自古英語 togian (“拖，拉”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *togōn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *tugōną (“拖，拉扯，撕裂”)，源自原始印歐語 *dewk- (“拉”)。
同源詞包括中古低地德語 togen (“拉”)、中古高地德語 zogen (“拉，撕”)、冰島語 toga (“拉”)。與 tow 有關。

The police officers tugged the drunkard out of the pub.

He lost his patience trying to undo his shoe-lace, but tugging it made the knot even tighter.

他失去了耐心，试图解开鞋带，但拉扯却使鞋带结得更紧。


starboard

源自中古英語 sterbord、stere-bourd、stere-burd，源自古英語 stēorbord，源自原始西日耳曼語 *steurubord，等价于steer + board (“船的一侧”)，指古时船只舵桨放在右侧（来方便右撇子船员），此时船只需要以左侧靠岸，否则会被右侧的舵桨挡住，这也是现在左侧被称为port的原因。

to starboard the helm