See coward on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for coward meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自中古英語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自古法語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自中古英語的英語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語可數名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii，頁號 117, column 1:",
"text": "Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]"
},
{
"ref": "1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling",
"text": "He tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred."
}
],
"glosses": [
"懦夫，胆小鬼"
],
"id": "zh-coward-en-noun-20287FWc"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kou'əd",
"raw_tags": [
"英國"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"raw_tags": [
"英國"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"（英国）音频"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd",
"raw_tags": [
"美國"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"raw_tags": [
"美國"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"（美国）音频"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-US-coward.wav"
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"word": "scaredy pants"
},
{
"word": "yellowbelly"
},
{
"word": "见Thesaurus:coward"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more coward",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most coward",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "大約1605 William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,",
"text": "He rais’d the house with loud and coward cries."
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon” in Poems on Several Occasions, London: Jacob Tonson, 2nd edition, p. 89,",
"text": "Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;"
}
],
"glosses": [
"胆小的，怯懦的"
],
"id": "zh-coward-en-adj-M7YEnFAg"
},
{
"glosses": [
"在腿间有两条尾巴的"
],
"id": "zh-coward-en-adj-trtDK2XY",
"raw_tags": [
"纹章学",
"指狮子图案"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "胆小的，怯懦的",
"word": "cowardly"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"raw_tags": [
"第三人稱單數簡單現在時"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarding",
"raw_tags": [
"現在分詞"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"raw_tags": [
"一般過去時及過去分詞"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus:",
"text": "The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"恫吓"
],
"id": "zh-coward-en-verb-JU02bJu8",
"raw_tags": [
"弃用"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "含有後綴-ard的中古英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自古法語的中古英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自古法語的中古英語借詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"lang_code": "sco",
"roman": "coort",
"word": "cooart"
}
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cowardie"
},
{
"word": "cowardise"
},
{
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"word": "cowardnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"懦夫"
],
"id": "zh-coward-enm-noun-DzB1gsIA"
},
{
"glosses": [
"傻子"
],
"id": "zh-coward-enm-noun-wK0ITrHm",
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔu̯ard/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "couard, couward, cowart, cowerde, coword, cuward, kowarde"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
}
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"胆小的"
],
"id": "zh-coward-enm-adj-yGH3v4t2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"愚蠢的"
],
"id": "zh-coward-enm-adj-VXQAbepf",
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"couherde的另一種寫法"
],
"id": "zh-coward-enm-noun-jFdh6rkH"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"中古英語名詞",
"中古英語詞元",
"含有後綴-ard的中古英語詞",
"派生自古法語的中古英語詞",
"源自古法語的中古英語借詞"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"lang_code": "sco",
"roman": "coort",
"word": "cooart"
}
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cowardie"
},
{
"word": "cowardise"
},
{
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"word": "cowardnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"懦夫"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"傻子"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔu̯ard/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "couard, couward, cowart, cowerde, coword, cuward, kowarde"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"中古英語形容詞",
"中古英語詞元"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
}
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"胆小的"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"愚蠢的"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"中古英語名詞",
"中古英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "借自古法語 coart，等价于古法語 coe (“尾巴”) + -ard。对比taylarde。",
"lang": "中古英语",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"couherde的另一種寫法"
]
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自中古英語的英語詞",
"派生自古法語的英語詞",
"派生自拉丁語的英語詞",
"源自中古英語的英語繼承詞",
"英語可數名詞",
"英語名詞",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii，頁號 117, column 1:",
"text": "Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]"
},
{
"ref": "1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling",
"text": "He tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred."
}
],
"glosses": [
"懦夫，胆小鬼"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kou'əd",
"raw_tags": [
"英國"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"raw_tags": [
"英國"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"（英国）音频"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd",
"raw_tags": [
"美國"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"raw_tags": [
"美國"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"（美国）音频"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-US-coward.wav"
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"word": "scaredy pants"
},
{
"word": "yellowbelly"
},
{
"word": "见Thesaurus:coward"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"英語形容詞",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more coward",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most coward",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "大約1605 William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,",
"text": "He rais’d the house with loud and coward cries."
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon” in Poems on Several Occasions, London: Jacob Tonson, 2nd edition, p. 89,",
"text": "Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;"
}
],
"glosses": [
"胆小的，怯懦的"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"在腿间有两条尾巴的"
],
"raw_tags": [
"纹章学",
"指狮子图案"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "胆小的，怯懦的",
"word": "cowardly"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"英語動詞",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"raw_tags": [
"第三人稱單數簡單現在時"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarding",
"raw_tags": [
"現在分詞"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"raw_tags": [
"一般過去時及過去分詞"
]
}
],
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus:",
"text": "The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"恫吓"
],
"raw_tags": [
"弃用"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.