"波浪號" meaning in All languages combined

See 波浪號 on Wiktionary

Noun [漢語]

IPA: /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/, /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²² hou̯²²/ Forms: 波浪号 [Simplified Chinese]
  1. 表示範圍起始的符號
    Sense id: zh-波浪號-zh-noun-4J6PiWHi
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (標點符號): tildo (世界語), کەشە (中庫爾德語), tilde [common] (丹麥語), ти́льда [feminine] (俄語), тилда [feminine] (保加利亞語), bylgja [feminine] (冰島語), titlla [feminine] (加泰羅尼亞語), hullámvonal (匈牙利語), tilde (匈牙利語), hullám (匈牙利語), tilda [feminine] (塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語), tild [masculine] (威爾士語), גַּל (gál) (希伯來語), זַרְקָא (zarqá) [masculine] (希伯來語), περισπωμένη [feminine] (希臘語), Schlangenlinie (德語), Tilde [feminine] (德語), tilde [feminine] (意大利語), tilde (愛沙尼亞語), vlnovka [feminine] (捷克語), tilda [feminine] (捷克語), チルダ (chiruda) (日語), tire (毛利語), tilde [masculine] (法語), tylda [feminine] (波蘭語), ти́льда [feminine] (烏克蘭語), tilde [neuter, common] (瑞典語), tildă [feminine] (羅馬尼亞語), aaltoviiva (芬蘭語), tilde (芬蘭語), tilde (英語), tilde (荷蘭語), til [masculine] (葡萄牙語), tilde [masculine, feminine] (西班牙語), dấu ngã (越南語), تِلْدَة [feminine] (阿拉伯語), ти́лда [feminine] (馬其頓語)
Categories (other): 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元

Download JSONL data for 波浪號 meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "波浪号",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "表示範圍起始的符號"
      ],
      "id": "zh-波浪號-zh-noun-4J6PiWHi"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "po¹-lang⁴-hao⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bwō-làng-hàu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolanqhaw"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "боланхао (bolanxao)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghàor"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolànghàor"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "po¹-lang⁴-hao⁴-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bwō-làng-hàur"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolanqhawl"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "боланхаор (bolanxaor)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bō lohng houh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²² hou̯²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "تِلْدَة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тилда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "titlla"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vlnovka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tildo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "aaltoviiva"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "Schlangenlinie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "περισπωμένη"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "gál",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "גַּל"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "zarqá",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "זַרְקָא"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "hullámvonal"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "hullám"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bylgja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "chiruda",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "チルダ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "中庫爾德語",
      "lang_code": "ckb",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "کەشە"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́лда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tire"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tylda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "til"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tildă"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́льда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́льда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "dấu ngã"
    },
    {
      "lang": "威爾士語",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tild"
    }
  ],
  "word": "波浪號"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "波浪号",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "表示範圍起始的符號"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolànghào"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "po¹-lang⁴-hao⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bwō-làng-hàu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolanqhaw"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "боланхао (bolanxao)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bōlànghàor"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄤˋ ㄏㄠˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolànghàor"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "po¹-lang⁴-hao⁴-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bwō-làng-hàur"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bolanqhawl"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "боланхаор (bolanxaor)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語, erhua-ed",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bō lohng houh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bo¹ long⁶ hou⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²² hou̯²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "تِلْدَة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тилда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "titlla"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vlnovka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tildo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "aaltoviiva"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "Schlangenlinie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "περισπωμένη"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "gál",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "גַּל"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "zarqá",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "זַרְקָא"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "hullámvonal"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "hullám"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bylgja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "chiruda",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "チルダ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "中庫爾德語",
      "lang_code": "ckb",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "کەشە"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́лда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "tire"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tylda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "til"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tildă"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́льда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilda"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "tilde"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ти́льда"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "word": "dấu ngã"
    },
    {
      "lang": "威爾士語",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "標點符號",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tild"
    }
  ],
  "word": "波浪號"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.