See 修養 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「修」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「養」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有同音詞的粵語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "修养",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "unknown",
"pos_title": "釋義",
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-修養-zh-unknown-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xiūyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄤˇ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xiuyang.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Zh-xiuyang.ogg/Zh-xiuyang.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xiuyang.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"四縣"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xiūyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄤˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "siouyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsiu¹-yang³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syōu-yǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shiouyeang"
},
{
"roman": "sjujan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сюян"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "休養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "休养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sāu yéuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "seo¹ yêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "收養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "收养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗",
"客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu^ˊ iong^ˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu¹ yong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu^ˊ (r)iong^ˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu¹ yong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "siu'iorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻³³ i̯ɔŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u³³ i̯ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻³³ i̯ɔŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻²² i̯ɔŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien"
],
"zh_pron": "siu'iarng"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻²² i̯aŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "воспитывать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "характер"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "работать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "над"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "собой"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "совершенствоваться"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "выращивать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "воспитание"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "образование"
}
],
"word": "修養"
}
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"名•他サ 修养，涵养。"
],
"id": "zh-修養-ja-unknown-6DukivHk"
}
],
"word": "修養"
}
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"名•他サ 修养，涵养。"
]
}
],
"word": "修養"
}
{
"categories": [
"官話動詞",
"官話名詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語動詞",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「修」的漢語詞",
"帶「養」的漢語詞",
"有同音詞的官話詞",
"有同音詞的粵語詞",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"泉漳話動詞",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語動詞",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"粵語動詞",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "修养",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "unknown",
"pos_title": "釋義",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xiūyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄤˇ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xiuyang.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Zh-xiuyang.ogg/Zh-xiuyang.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xiuyang.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"四縣"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xiūyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄤˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "siouyǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsiu¹-yang³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syōu-yǎng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shiouyeang"
},
{
"roman": "sjujan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сюян"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "休養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "休养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sāu yéuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sau¹ joeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "seo¹ yêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "修养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "收養",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"homophone": "收养",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗",
"客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu^ˊ iong^ˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu¹ yong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"北四縣話",
"包括苗栗"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siû-yông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu^ˊ (r)iong^ˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "xiu¹ yong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"南四縣話",
"包括美濃"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-ióng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "siu'iorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻³³ i̯ɔŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u³³ i̯ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻³³ i̯ɔŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用",
"高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻²² i̯ɔŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"臺灣話",
"常用"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien"
],
"zh_pron": "siu-iáng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien"
],
"zh_pron": "siu'iarng"
},
{
"ipa": "/si̯u⁴⁴⁻²² i̯aŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "воспитывать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "характер"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "работать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "над"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "собой"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "совершенствоваться"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "выращивать"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "воспитание"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "образование"
}
],
"word": "修養"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 修養 meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"修養"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "讀音",
"title": "修養",
"trace": "started on line 21, detected on line 21"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"修養"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "讀音",
"title": "修養",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-06 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.