september

源自早期 *septemo-mēmbris (“屬於或關於第七個月的”) 的重複音脫落，繼承自原始意大利語 *septemo-mēnzris，源自 septem (“七”) + *mēnsris，源自 mens- (“月份”) + -ris； + -ber 源自 -bris，形容詞後綴。 在羅馬曆中，新的一年始於 mārtius (“三月”)，而 september 即是一年當中的第七個月。

septembris (feminine)
septembre (neuter)

cum Romae a iudiciis forum refrixerit, excurremus mense septembri legati ad Pisonem, ut ianuario revertamur.

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Letters to Atticus I.1.10:


november

源自*nove(m)-mēmbris (“第九個月的”)，源自*novem-mēnsris，源自novem (“九”) + *mēnsris（羅馬曆法以三月為第一月），源自mens- (“月份”) + -ris； + -ber源自-bris，形容詞後綴。

拉丁語中，月份以形容詞形式 + 名詞mensis的形式出現。

Novembri mense ac Decembri per sementem quantum appetit bos.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 6:

Die septimo nouembris — 十一月七日

1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 303.


conifer

在古典拉丁语时期仅出现一次（参见前面的引文）

cernimus astantis nequiquam lumine torvo
Aetnaeos fratres caelo capita alta ferentis,
concilium horrendum: quales cum vertice celso
aeriae quercus aut coniferae cyparissi
constiterunt, silva alta Iovis lucusve Dianae.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 3.677–681:


scrotum

源自原始印歐語 *(s)ker- (“割”)。參見拉丁語 scortum、scrautum、corium、原始日耳曼語 *skeraną（英語 shear）、古希臘語 κείρω (keírō，“斷絕”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 harr (“割，刈”)、立陶宛語 ski̇̀rti (“分隔”)、威爾士語 ysgar (“分隔”)、古典亞美尼亞語 քերեմ (kʻerem，“刮，擦”)。

晚期拉丁語，中世紀拉丁語，新拉丁語

Scrōtum est membrum gignendī hominis et animālis in fōrmam saccī, quod testēs continet et prōtegit.


lacrima

源自早期形式dacrima、dacruma，源自原始印歐語 *dáḱru-，源自早期复合词*dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“眼睛-苦涩”)。

'sistite vos lacrimas, ipsa medebor' ait.


asinus

較近的借詞，元音间的 -s- r音化為本土詞的 -r-。參見古希臘語 ὄνος (ónos)。與其他印歐語系的“驢”詞相似，asinus源自小亞細亞一底層語言來源（對比 Hieroglyphic Luwian tarkasna, 蘇美爾語𒀲 (anšu), 古典亞美尼亞語 էշ (ēš)）。

Quid tu autem huic, asine, auscultas?

c.''' 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe :

Quid nunc te, asine, litteras doceam? Non opus est verbis, sed fustibus.

Why should I now teach you letters, idiot? I want not for words but instead cudgels.

c.''' 70 BCE，Cicero，In Pisonem, chapter 73:


clavis

源自原始意大利語 *klāwis。或派生自原始印歐語 *kleh₂u- (“釘子，大頭釘，用來鎖門的鉤子樣的器具”)，參見clāvus (“釘子”)（可能借自古希臘語 κλείς (kleís)）。

勿與clāva (“击棍”)或clāvus (“釘子”)混淆。

[…] seriam vinariam unam, clavem torculari I […]

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 13:


populus

源自古拉丁語 populus（公元前2世紀中期開始），源自poplus，源自poplos（最早追溯至公元前5世紀前期），源自原始意大利語 *poplos (“軍隊”)，源頭不明；可能源自伊特拉斯坎語或源自pleō的詞根。參見plēbs。

Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:


licet

源自原始印歐語 *leyk- (“准备出售”)。与liceor和liceō同源。

Licetne pauca?

可以[和你]说几句话吗？

Quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi

上帝可以做牛不能做的事情

能允许朱庇特做的事情不是能允许牛做的事情

Cui peccare licet, peccat minus.


arduus

源自原始意大利語 *arðwos，源自原始印歐語 *h₃erdʰwós，源自*h₃erdʰ- + *-wós（→-uus）。同源词有拉丁語 arbor (“树”)、威爾士語 ardd (“高的；山丘”)、古愛爾蘭語 ard (“高的；高度”)、古希臘語 ὀρθός (orthós，“直的”)、梵語 ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá，“矗立的，高的”)。

难以企及的，困难的，费事的，艰巨的

Nihil mortalibus ardui est.


Deus

源自deus (“神”)。

Gratus esses, o dee haeretice, si isses in dispositionem Creatoris

c.''' 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem 1.29.8:

Ego sum Dominus Deus Abraham patris tui et Deus Isaac

我是耶和華，你祖亞伯拉罕的神，也是以撒的神

Domine Deus meus, clamavi ad te et sanasti me

耶和華我的神啊，我曾呼求你，你醫治了我

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Psalmi.29.3, (現代排序為 30:2):


quaero

不详。据Nussbaum和de Vaan，源自原始意大利語 *kʷaizeō，源自原始印歐語 *kʷeh₂- (“得到”)，经由一基于带i词形*kʷeh₂-i- (“得到”)的带se/o词形。若如此，同源词将包括古希臘語 πέπαμαι (pépamai，“得到”)、古普魯士語 quoi (“（我或你）想要”)和quāits (“欲望”)、立陶宛語 kviẽsti (“邀请”)及阿爾巴尼亞語 kam (“有”)（可能）。
部分文献认为其源自原始印歐語 *kʷoys-, *kʷeys- (“看”)，但Schrijver在1991年指出其无法确定。
LIV接受了Szemerényi在1960提出的词源：经由*koaiseo派生自*h₂eys- (“求”)。

Quaerendo invenietis

Quaerite Dominum


popularis

Populare nunc nihil tam est quam odium popularium.

1st c. BC, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum :


memini

源自原始意大利語 *memonai，源自原始印歐語 *memóne (“记住”)，词干*men- (“思”)的完成体。对比mēns (“心智”)。

这个动词形式上是完成体，但意义上是现在时，参见ōdī和coepī。

“forsan et haec ōlim meminisse iuvābit”

Mementō ut diem sabbatī sānctificēs.


labyrinthus

借自古希臘語 λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθος (lăbŭ́rĭnthos，“迷宮”)。

迷宮（尤指克諾索斯迷宮）

Quod evenit in labyrintho properantibus: ipsa illos velocitas implicat.

c.''' 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 5.44.7:


sospito

deinde ā paucīs initiō factō deum deō nātum, rēgem parentemque urbis Rōmānae salvēre ūniversī Rōmulum jubent; pācem precibus exposcunt, uti volēns propitius suam semper sospitet prōgeniem.

59 BC–AD 17, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 1.16.3:


venio

源自原始意大利語 *gʷenjō，源自原始印歐語 *gʷm̥yéti，源自*gʷem-的zero-grade形式 + *‑yéti。同源词有梵語 गच्छति (gácchati)、古希臘語 βαίνω (baínō)和古英語 cuman （英語 come）。

‘exul ab Arcadiā Latiōs Evander in agrōs
vēnerat, impositōs attuleratque deōs.’


cotidianus

cō̆tīdiāna (feminine)
cō̆tīdiānum (neuter)

Cōtīdiānam refice nauseam nummīs

Martial, Epigrams 4.37, (meter: choliamb, in a poem where every line begins with a heavy syllable):

Lēvis drōpace tū cotīdiānō

Martial, Epigrams 10.65, (meter: hendecasyllable):


abdico

源自 ab- (“從，來自”) + dīcō (“說”)。

Itaque sue inventā ad merīdiem spectāns in vīneā mediā dīcitur cōnstitisse, cumque in quattuor partīs vīneam dīvīsisset trīsque partīs avēs abdīxissent, quārtā parte, quae erat relīqua, in regiōnēs distribūta, mīrābilī magnitūdine ūvam, ut scriptum vidēmus, invēnit.

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 1.17.31:


ericius

源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰḗr (“刺蝟”)。對照ēr (“刺蝟”) 及其異體。

Erat obiectus portis ericius.

c.''' 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 3.67:


liqueo

靜態動詞，繼承自原始意大利語 *wlikʷēō，繼承自原始印歐語 *wlikʷ-éh₁-ye-ti，源自 *wleykʷ- (“流動；潤濕”)；對比愛爾蘭語 fliuch (“濕的”)、吐火羅語A lyīktsi (“洗”)。
參見不及物的 līquor 和及物的 liquō。

Causam qua terra concutitur alii in aqua esse, alii in ignibus, alii in ipsa terra, alii in spiritu putauerunt, alii in pluribus, alii in omnibus his; quidam liquere ipsis aliquam ex istis causam esse dixerunt, sed non liquere quae esset.

c.''' 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Naturales quaestiones 6.5.1:


compedio

[Philocr.] Qui͞d fēci͞sti? [Heg.] I͞n lăpĭcīdīnās co͞mpĕdītu͞m co͞ndĭdī, / ubi rescivi mihi data esse verba.

c.''' 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 944, (Trochaic Septenarius):

Tu͞m co͞mpĕdītĭ ānu͞m līmā pra͞etĕru͞nt / aut lapide excutiunt clavom.


impactus

Triplicis generis corpora discernere oportet, nempe perfectē dūra, quae nūllō impāctū figūram mūtant; perfectē elastica, quae ictū figūram mūtant, attamen eandem statim iterum assūmunt, velut sponte; perfectē mollia, quae figūram ictū mūtant, sed nōn amplius resūmunt ex propriā aliquā vī.https://books.google.de/books?id=UHcShwAHoyMC&pg=PA213

1752, Karl Scherffer, Institutionum physicae pars prima seu physica generalis, conscripta in usum suorum d.d. auditorum 213:

Lapidēs et quaedam rigida metalla impāctū vehementī alicujus corporis dūrī in partēs dissiliunt, vitrum in illās ad levem quoque contāctum diffringitur.https://books.google.de/books?id=cU4%20AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA202

1761, Andreas Jaszlinszky, Institutiones physicae: pars prima seu physica generalis in usum discipulorum concinnata 202:


adsum

源自ad- (“向”) + sum (“是”，系动词)。

“… Sequar ātrīs ignibus absēns, / et, cum frīgida mors animā sēdūxerit artūs, / omnibus umbra locīs aderō. …”

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.384–386:

“… Aderō, et, tua sī mihi certa voluntās, ….”

nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.


circumago

源自 circum- (“在‥‥週圍，環繞……”) + agō (“做”)。

Agrum lustrare sic oportet. Impera suovitaurilia circumagi: […]

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 141.1:


argumentor

提出論點或證據來論證某事，證明，推理

nec jūre an injūria caesī sint, argūmentārī rēfert.

59 BC–AD 17, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 39.36.16:

in rēbus vērō apertīs argūmentārī tam sit stultum quam in clārissimum sōlem mortāle lūmen īnferre.

c.''' 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio oratioria 5.12.8:

nōlī esse sapiēns multum et nōlī argūmentārī plūs quam oporteat.

4th century CE, Zeno of Verona, Tractatus 2.3.12:

litterās in cōntiōne recitāstī quās tibi ā C. Caesare missās dīcerēs … cum etiam es argūmentātus amōris esse hoc signum, quod cognōminibus tantum ūterētur

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, De domo sua 22:


condecoro

源自 con- + decorō (“装饰、修饰、点缀”)。

actiones, amicitias, interdum domos totas quas intravit disposuitque condecorat

65 CE, Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 66.8: