kibosh

名词词源不详，有下列说法：
* kurbash (“鞭打，抽打”)的无R音变体，源自阿拉伯語 كُرْبَاج (kurbāj，“鞭打，抽打”)，或源自这个词的词源鄂圖曼土耳其語 قرباچ (kırbaç，“鞭打，抽打”)（派生出 土耳其語 kırbaç (“鞭打”)）。
* 源自愛爾蘭語 caidhp bháis (字面意思是“死帽”)，据称其可指英国法官宣判死刑时所戴的黑帽子、死囚被处以绞刑前穿的兜帽、以及一种叫做pitchcapping的酷刑。但是，似乎没有证据证明该词使用于这些义项。
* 源自某意第绪语单词（对比希伯來語 כָּבַשׁ (kavásh，“征服”)），但是没有找到具体何词。
* 源自中古英語 cabochen (“砍掉（头，尤指鹿头），砍头”)，源自中古法語 cabocher (“砍掉（头）”)，源自caboche (“头”，法国北部，非正式)（派生出中古英語 caboche (“卷心菜菜包”)），源自意大利語 capocchia (“脑袋”，贬义)，最终源自拉丁語 caput (“头”)。中古英语词据称同化自伦敦俚语。
* 鞋匠俚语kibosh (“一英尺长的铁条，加热后用来熨烫皮革”)。
动词派生自名词

kiboshes (third-person singular present)
kiboshing (present participle)
kiboshed (past participle)

Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring [title] […] Plan of the Pennsylvania State Council of Defense to ring in a State-wide network of 45 stations for an "educational" blackout test, was nixed by the Office of Censorship after it was okayed by the Third Service Command of the army. Skedded for Thursday (8), purpose of the broadcast was to educate public with air raid warning signals and all Pennsylvanians were urged to listen to instructions as broadcast.

1943年July17日，“Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring”, in The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly，卷 55, 期 29, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，頁 6，列 1:

Deal for network star Henry Morgan to sign a Majestic contract for two albums has fallen thru, with Paul Baron, newly-named artist and repertoire topper at the diskery, kiboshing a deal that virtually had been consummated between his predecessors and Music Corporation of America (MCA).

1947年September6日，“Paul Baron Nixes 2 Morgan Albums”, in The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly，卷 59, 期 35, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，頁 14，列 3:

His second book is full of spirited advice on how to do business deals. According to [Mark] McCormack, this often amounts to keeping lawyers from kiboshing the deal.

1987年December1日，Peter Megargee Brown，“We Have Met the Enemy: The Terrible Truth about Lawyers by Mark H. McCormack, William Morrow, New York, N.Y., 260 pages; $17.95 [book review]”, in ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine，Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 127:

But this discovery, as cheering as it was, also kiboshed the hypothesis about different-colored varieties of H. simus in different reasons, because the dozen animals at Kianjavato were charcoal gray, just as [Patricia] Wright had originally expected.

1996，David Quammen，“So Huge a Bignes”, in The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions，New York, N.Y.: Scribner, 出版於 2004, →ISBN，頁 239:

At which point, Mrs Arbuthnot enters to kibosh her son's prospects, only to be told, when the family facts emerge, that she should marry the high-born roué who has ruined her.

2003年September17日，Michael Billington，“Theatre: A Woman of No Importance, Haymarket Theatre, London [review]”, in The Guardian，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-05-17:

It appears some chump at Revenue and Customs has, against all rules, put a disc or discs containing 25 million child benefit records – names, addresses, National Insurance numbers, bank account details, the lot – in the post and inevitably it has gone missing. […] As several people pointed out, with particular reference to ID cards, this kiboshes any notion that confidential information is safe in government hands.

2007 November 20 (date written)，Chris Mullin，章號 2007, in Decline and Fall: Diaries 2005–2010，London: Profile Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN，頁s 213–214:

Fortunately the FA [Football Association], in a rare moment of decisiveness, stepped in to kibosh the plan.

2010年May15日，Andrew Anthony，“Yes, the Capello Index wasn’t a good move, but remember Glenn?”, in The Observer，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-10-11:

Extensive highlights from Glastonbury, an Allied mission to kibosh the German A-bomb and a homage to Arthur Ashe。

2015年June26日，Ali Catterall, Julia Raeside, John Robinson, David Stubbs，“Friday’s best TV”, in The Guardian，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-05-17, subtitle:

Superman bashed Bavarians and kiboshed Krauts with a mix of solemn consecration, righteous anger and cathartic glee.

2021，Roy Schwartz，“The Galactic Golem”, in Is Superman Circumcised?: The Complete Jewish History of the World’s Greatest Hero，Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, part III (Mensch of Steel: Fulfilling Jewish Fantasy and Faith)，頁 166:


loot

loots (third-person singular present)
looting (present participle)
looted (past participle)

搶掠某物品，特別是於戰爭或暴動等群體暴力或自然災害事件中。


lose

源自中古英語 losen，源自古英語 losian，源自原始日耳曼語 *lusōną，*luzōną，源自原始日耳曼語 *lusą。

loses (third-person singular present)
losing (present participle)
lost (past participle)

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

what you gain on the swings you lose on the roundabouts

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

導致某物不再為某人所有。 從身體中取出（器官）

He lost his spleen in a car wreck.

他在一場車禍中失去了脾臟。

導致某物不再為某人所有。 減肥；減輕重量

I’ve lost five pounds this week.

導致某物不再為某人所有。 經歷死亡

導致某物不再為某人所有。 損失

導致某物不再為某人所有。 被剝奪

We lost the football match.

我們輸掉了這場足球比賽。

無法再跟蹤（某人或某物）

When we get into the building, please lose the hat.

進入大樓後，請將帽子摘掉


limp

源自中古英語 limpen，源自古英語 limpan (“发生；存在；属于；适合；有关于”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *limpaną (“滑动，适合”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)lemb-、*(s)lembʰ- (“松垮地垂”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 limp (“发生”)、中古荷蘭語 limpen (“发生”)、中古低地德語 gelimpen (“缓和”)、中古高地德語 limfen (“合适；成为”)同源。

limps (third-person singular present)
limping (present participle)
lamp (past)
limped (past)
lump (past participle)
limped (past participle)


lullaby

源自中古英語 lullen (“使...镇静”) + bye。首次可考于约1560年。对比古英語 bī, bī (叹词)。

lullabies (third-person singular present)
lullabying (present participle)
lullabied (past participle)


lumbago

名词借自晚期拉丁語 lumbāgō (“腰部疼痛”)，源自晚期拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部的”)、拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lendʰ- (“腰部”)） + -āgō (构成描述物体、动物和植物的名词的后缀)。
动词直接衍生自名词。

lumbagos (third-person singular present)
lumbagoing (present participle)
lumbagoed (past participle)

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lumbago.wav

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/


lurch

源自中古英語 *lurche（由lurching推测出），源自古法語 lourche (“被骗的；尴尬的；一种游戏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *lort (“左；左撇子的；扭曲的；弯曲的；变形的；狡诈的；跛脚的”)。与英語 lirt同源。

lurches (third-person singular present)
lurching (present participle)
lurched (past participle)


lithe

源自中古英語 lithen，源自古英語 līþian、līþiġian (“使...软，使...宁静，使...缓和，安抚”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *linþijaną (“使...软”)，源自原始印歐語 *lento- (“有弹性的”)。与德語 lindern (“减轻，缓和”)同源。

使...软，使...平静，缓和，减轻

England.. hath now suppled, lithed and stretched their throats.

a. 1652, Thomas Adams, Physic from Heaven

Give me also faith, Lord,.. to lithe, to form, and to accommodate my spirit and members.

1642, Daniel Rogers, Naaman the Syrian: His Disease and Cure


lithe

源自中古英語 lithen，源自古諾爾斯語 hlýða (“听”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hliuþijaną (“听”)，源自原始印歐語 *ḱlewe- (“听见”)。与丹麥語 lytte (“听”)同源。与古英語 hlēoþor (“声音，声响，嗓音，歌声”)、古英語 hlūd (“吵闹的，洪亮的”)有关。其他见loud。

lithes (third-person singular present)
lithing (present participle)
lithed (past participle)


leverage

leverages (third-person singular present)
leveraging (present participle)
leveraged (past participle)

/ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

使用；利用；為了充分利用（某物）而進行操縱。

They plan to leverage the publicity into a good distribution agreement.

They plan to leverage off the publicity to get a good distribution agreement.

EAP research has developed advanced methods for producing corpus-informed vocabulary resources, but these have yet to be fully leveraged to promote disciplinary literacy within the secondary school context.

2018，Clarence Green, James Lambert，“Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes，卷 35, →DOI，頁 105:


maraud

源自法語 marauder，派生自maraud (“无赖，流浪者”)，源自中古法語 maraud (“无赖”)，源自古法語 *marault (“乞丐，流浪者”)，源自marir、marrir (“烦扰，迷失，迷路”)，源自古法蘭克語 *marrijan (“疏漏；妨碍”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *marzijaną (“疏漏；妨碍；破坏”)，源自原始印歐語 *mers- (“迷；不知道，忘”) + 古法語后缀-ault、-aud。同源词有古高地德語 marrjan、marren (“妨碍”)、古撒克遜語 merrian (“妨碍；浪费”)、哥特語 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan，“冒犯”)。与mar有关。

marauds (third-person singular present)
marauding (present participle)
marauded (past participle)

As the tract of country they intended to maraud was far in the Moorish territories near the coast of the Mediterranean, they did not arrive until late in the following day.

1829，Washington Irving，A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada: In Two Volumes，卷 1, Paris: Baudry, at the Foreign Library，頁s 118-9:


mortify

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 mortifier、中古法語 mortifier，源自晚期拉丁語 mortificō (“使...死亡”)，源自拉丁語 mors (“死亡”) + -ficō (“化”)。

mortifies (third-person singular present)
mortifying (present participle)
mortified (past participle)

使...节制，使...节欲 （身体、食欲等） （自15世纪）

Some people seek sainthood by mortifying the body.

一些人为了追求成为圣人而节欲。

With fasting mortify'd, worn out with tears.

1767，Walter Harte，Eulogius: Or, The Charitable Mason:

Mortify thy learned lust.

Mortify, therefore, your members which are upon the earth.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Colossians 3:5:

使...窘迫，使...难堪，使...屈辱，使...丢人，羞辱 （自17世纪）

I was so mortified I could have died right there; instead I fainted, but I swore I'd never let that happen to me again.

我在那都快要丢人死了，然后我昏倒了，但是我发誓我绝对不会让这种事有第二次。

Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 5, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

杀害 （14-17世纪）

扼杀，废止 （14-18世纪）

Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine.

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

使...坏死 （活体组织等） （15-18世纪）

使...沮丧，使...懊恼，烦扰

the news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly mortified our expectations

22 September 1651 (date in diary), 1818 (first published), John Evelyn, John Evelyn's Diary

the schoolmasters of Ayr were paid out of the mills mortified by Queen Mary

1876 James Grant, History of the Burgh and Parish Schools of Scotland, Part II, Chapter 14, p.453 (PDF 2.7 MB):


marmalade

借自中古法語 marmelade，源自葡萄牙語 marmelada (“榅桲酱”)，源自marmelo (“榅桲”)，源自拉丁語 melimēlum (“甜苹果”)，源自古希臘語 μελίμηλον (melímēlon)，源自μέλι (méli，“蜜”) + μῆλον (mêlon，“苹果”)。

marmalades (third-person singular present)
marmalading (present participle)
marmaladed (past participle)


nigger

可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (“非洲黑人”)，最终源自拉丁語 niger (“黑色的”)。比较丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro和noir 的同源對似詞。

niggers (third-person singular present)
niggering (present participle)
niggered (past participle)

The gated community is a powerful tool in the systematic and sustained niggering of local 3rd-world communities - namely, in the book, the Hispanic (mostly wetbacK^([sic])) community

1997年January18日，Joe Frisch，“Anglo-US relations under a Blair Government”, in uk.org.mensa (Usenet):

> He is on TV saying that he was "abused" by the police and treated like a nigger.

1999年December3日，Jeff Welch，“Who is McGuyver and why was he "niggered?”, in seattle.general, December 3 (Usenet):

Why would many Paletinians want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is

2003年July16日，“Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth”, in soc.retirement (Usenet):


muffle

來自中古英語 muflen (“包裹”)，盎格魯-諾曼語 amoufler的語頭音消失，來自古法語 enmoufler (“纏繞，包裹”)，來自moufle (“連指手套”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 muffula (“暖手筒”)，日耳曼語族的原型 (— C.E.817年首次在Capitulary of Aachen所紀錄)，來自古法蘭克語 *muffël (“套，包裹，信封”)來自*mauwa (“套子，包裹”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“套子”)) + *vël (“外皮，皮革”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“外皮，薄膜，羊毛”)。另一個詞源將中世紀拉丁語一詞追溯到古法蘭克語 *molfell (“柔軟皮革製成的衣服”)，來自*mol (“柔軟，軟化”) (與古高地德語 molawēn (“軟化”), 中古高地德語 molwic (“軟”), 英語 mulch同族) + *fell (“皮革，皮膚”)。

muffles (third-person singular present)
muffling (present participle)
muffled (past participle)

muffled up in darkness and superstition

1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull

The singer's voice was muffled by the thick walls, yet Tyrion knew the verse.

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 397:

矇住頭部來防止看、聽或說話


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager 的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

messengers (third-person singular present)
messengering (present participle)
messengered (past participle)

I'll messenger over the signed documents.

我會把這封簽名文件郵寄出去。


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (third-person singular present)
mayonnaising (present participle)
mayonnaised (past participle)

Jones himself presided in the kitchen, mincing truffles, mayonnaising lobster, booting waiters out the door with tray after tray of steaming savories and teeth-numbing sweets, […]

瓊斯親自在廚房主持，切碎松露，用蛋黃醬給龍蝦調味，用一盤又一盤熱氣騰騰的美味佳餚和麻木牙齒的甜點把服務員趕出門，[…]

I thought of mayonnaising her racket handle or substituting it for sunblock, but decided against it.

我曾想過給她的球拍柄塗上蛋黃醬或用防曬霜代替，但最終決定不這麼做。

2009，David Galef，How to Cope With Suburban Stress:


murder

源自中古英語 murder、murdre、mourdre，变化自早期形式murthre (“谋杀”)（参见murther），源自古英語 morþor (“暗杀，非法杀害”)和古英語 myrþra (“谋杀，他杀”)，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *murþrą (“死，杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mr̥tro- (“杀”)，源自原始印歐語 *mer-、*mor-、*mr̥- (“死”)。与哥特語 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr，“谋杀”)、古高地德語 mord (“谋杀”)、古諾爾斯語 morð (“谋杀”)、古英語 myrþrian (“谋杀”)和morþ有关。
中古英語词形内的-d-可能部分受到盎格魯-諾曼語 murdre的影响，后者源自古法語 murdre，源自中世紀拉丁語 murdrum（亦派生出同源对似词murdrum），源自古法蘭克語 *morþr、*murþr (“谋杀”)，源自同样的日耳曼語族词根，虽然也有可能是完全内部发展的结果（对比burden，其源自burthen）。

murders (third-person singular present)
murdering (present participle)
murdered (past participle)

Our team is going to murder them.

我们队必打得他们找不着北。


simmer

方言词simper的变换形式，源自中古英語 simperen (“炖”)，可能是拟声词。最早记录是不及物动词。名词源自动词。首次記錄於15世纪末叶

simmers (third-person singular present)
simmering (present participle)
simmered (past participle)

同類詞：bake、sauté

Simmer the soup for five minutes, then serve.

There are other easy ways you can bake and simmer and sauté wild game without qualifying as a gourmet cook.

1981，Phyllis Hobson，Easy Game Cookery，Storey Publishing, →ISBN，頁 2:


google

googles (third-person singular present)
googling (present participle)
googled (past participle)

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998年July8日，Larry Page，“Google Search Engine: New Features”, in eGroups，Google Friends Mailing List，存檔自the original on 1999-10-09:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002年December28日，Bill Keller，“Who's Sorry Now?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁 A-19:

使用搜索引擎進行網上搜索

I googled him but there were no references to him on the Internet.

我在網上搜了他，但是沒有結果。


ostracize

源自古希臘語 ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō，“通过陶片放逐法放逐”)，源自ὄστρᾰκον (óstrăkon，“陶片”) + -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō，构成动词的后缀)。英语词与法語 ostraciser同源。

ostracizes (third-person singular present)
ostracizing (present participle)
ostracized (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ostracize.wav

blackball

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

cut someone dead

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

give someone the cold shoulder

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

send to Coventry

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

leper

排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）

以陶片放逐法放逐（五或十年） （自19世纪中叶）

Republics have been accused of being ungrateful. Aristides was ostracised for being called the Just, and Themistocles banished, after saving his country from desolation.

1836年December15日，Eleazer Wheelock Ripley，“The President’s Message”, in Register of Debates in Congress, Comprising the Leading Debates and Incidents of the Second Session of the Twenty-fourth Congress: […] (United States House of Representatives)，卷 XIII, Washington, D.C.: Printed and published by Gales and Seaton, 出版於 1837, →OCLC，列 1097:

[T]he person who was ostracised was obliged to leave Athens within ten days after the sentence, and unless a vote of the people recalled him before the expiration of that time, to stay in exile for ten years.

1840，“OSTRACISM”, in The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge，卷s XVII (Organ–Pertinax), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], →OCLC，頁 55，列 2:

The Athenian Hyperbolus, who had been ostracized some years before by the coalition of Nikias and Alkibiades, together with their respective partisans—ostracized (as Thucydides tells us) not from any fear of his power and over-transcendent influence, but from his bad character and from his being a disgrace to the city—and thus ostracized by an abuse of the institution—was now resident at Samos.

[1849]，George Grote，“Twenty-first Year of the War.—Oligarchy of Four Hundred at Athens.”, in A History of Greece from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great。[...] In Four Volumes，第2nd版, 卷 III, New York, N.Y.: W. L. Allison Co., publishers, →OCLC, part II (Continuation of Historical Greece)，頁 203:


ogle

可能源自
* 荷蘭語，源自中古荷蘭語 *ooghelen、oeghelen (“盯着”)，oogen (“看”)的反复态，源自oge (“眼睛”)，
* 或源自低地德語 oegeln，oegen (“看”)的反复态，源自Oog (“眼睛”)。
对比德語 äugeln (“盯着”)。详见eye、-le。

ogles (third-person singular present)
ogling (present participle)
ogled (past participle)

盯着，凝视 （尤指不礼貌地，深情地或贪婪地）


overspeed

overspeeds (third-person singular present)
overspeeding (present participle)
oversped
overspeeded


overstay

overstays (third-person singular present)
overstaying (present participle)
overstayed (past participle)

Thailand’s Constitutional Court ruled Wednesday that Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha must suspend his active duties while the court decides whether he has overstayed his legal term in office.

2022年August24日，Tassanee Vejpongsa & Grant Peck，“Thai court suspends PM Prayuth pending ruling on term limit”, in The Washington Post, retrieved 2022-08-24:

overstay one's visa


prowl

源自中古英語 prollen，其词源不详。

prowls (third-person singular present)
prowling (present participle)
prowled (past participle)

鬼鬼祟祟地四处徘徊； 觅食或寻找猎物

He prowls each place, still in new colours decked.

a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“(please specify the page number)”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:

Watch the lioness prowling in the shrubbery for zebras.

看那只母狮子在灌木丛里狩猎斑马。

It's easy to sneak vandalism into Wiktionary as there are few other users prowling the Recent Changes page.

维基词典很容易就会被人偷偷破坏，因为没有多少用户盯着“最近更改”页面。

While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou。

2011年January5日，Mark Ashenden，“Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:

to prowl money


octuple

octuples (third-person singular present)
octupling (present participle)
octupled (past participle)

將…乘以八，將…增加八倍


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

outhouses (third-person singular present)
outhousing (present participle)
outhoused (past participle)

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Sessional Papers，卷 28，頁 38:


quell

源自中古英語 quellen，源自古英語 cwellan (“杀死”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *kwalljan，源自原始日耳曼語 *kwaljaną (“杀死”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *gʷelH-。同源词有德語 quälen (“折磨”)、瑞典語 kvälja (“折磨”)、冰島語 kvelja (“折磨”)。亦对比古典亞美尼亞語 կեղ (keł，“疮，溃疡”)、古教會斯拉夫語 жаль (žalĭ，“痛”)。参见kill。它可能是本词的同源对似词。

quells (third-person singular present)
quelling (present participle)
quelled (past participle)

镇压，压制 （10世纪起）

The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled him to quell the disaffected minority.

1849–1861，Thomas Babington Macaulay，章號 1, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second，卷 (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

终止，消灭 （14世纪起）

to quell grief

to quell the tumult of the soul

However, after quelling Burnley's threat, Southampton failed to build on their growing danger culminating in Tadic's missed penalty.

2014年December13日，Mandeep Sanghera，“Burnley 1-0 Southampton”, in BBC Sport:

Well prov'd in that same day, when Jove those gyants quelled.

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


rabble

首次出现于14世纪，源自中古英語 rablen (“漫步，信步；胡言”)，与中古荷蘭語 rabbelen (“说话”)、低地德語 rabbeln、robbeln (“聊天，漫谈”)。

rabbles (third-person singular present)
rabbling (present participle)
rabbled (past participle)


rabble

古法語 roable（现代法语râble），源自拉丁語 rutabulum (“拔火棍”)。


pantomime

约17世纪，源自拉丁語 pantomīmus，源自古希臘語 παντόμιμος (pantómimos)，源自πᾶς (pâs，“全”) + μιμέομαι (miméomai，“模仿”)。

pantomimes (third-person singular present)
pantomiming (present participle)
pantomimed (past participle)


regale

源自法語 régaler (“取悦于，款待”)，源自古法語 regale、rigale，源自gale (“欢乐”)，可能源自日耳曼語族（参见古法語 galer）。受到了古法語 se rigoler (“开心，愉悦”)的影响，其词源不详。对比中古高地德語 begalen (“迷住”)、英語 gale (“唱歌；使...陶醉”)。亦对比英語 gala。

regales (third-person singular present)
regaling (present participle)
regaled (past participle)

使...愉快，使...开心，取悦于 （自17世纪）

You’ve Got Mail is certainly the basic model for the plot, which finds corporate candy shill Joel ([Paul] Rudd) and indie-sweetshop owner Molly ([Amy] Poehler) regaling their dinner companions with the very long, digressive story of how they met and fell in love.

2014年June26日，A. A. Dowd，“Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler Spoof Rom-com Clichés in They Came Together”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2017-12-07:

款待，招待 （自17世纪）

（使用故事等）取悦，使...满足

to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear


overdose

overdoses (third-person singular present)
overdosing (present participle)
overdosed (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/


register

registers (third-person singular present)
registering (present participle)
registered (past participle)

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

Tottenham, who lost William Gallas to injury before the end, struggled to find any sort of response and did not register a single shot on target.

2011年November3日，Chris Bevan，“Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport [BBC體育]:

In every way dinner proved up beyond my expectations, and I registered a note that the cook, whoever or whatever he might be, was a capable man at his trade.

晚餐的各個方面都超出了我的預期，我記下了廚師的名字，不論他是誰，都是一個能幹的人。

1914，Jack London，章號 VII, in The Mutiny of the Elsinore:


regurgitate

源自晚期拉丁語 regurgitatus，regurgitare的过去分词，re- (表示返回) + gurgitare (“吞食；涌动”)的结合形式，源自gurges (“旋涡，海湾，海洋，深渊”)。

regurgitates (third-person singular present)
regurgitating (present participle)
regurgitated (past participle)

/ɹɪˈɡɝd͡ʒəˌteɪt/

The young gulls were fed by their mother’s regurgitated food.

小海鸥吃它们妈妈反刍出来的食物。

机械地重复，枯燥乏味地重复


rehash

rehashes (third-person singular present)
rehashing (present participle)
rehashed (past participle)

重新将...切成小片，重新将...切碎 （见hash）

I never did care for Sunday joint that was served up cold on Monday, hashed on Tuesday, rissoled on Wednesday, and re-hashed on Thursday[.]

1942年July1日，The Newcastle and Maitland Catholic Sentinel，Newcastle, NSW，頁 224，列 2:

（无意义地，基本一样地） 重复；改头换面

Today's parliamentary session only rehashed last week's arguments.

今天的议会会议只是在重复上个星期的争辩。

The CEO of the company only rehashed a speech for the news conference.

公司的CEO只是在新闻发布会上重复了一次演讲。

The general rehashed plans for the war.

将军换汤不换药地定下了战争计划。

分析，回忆 （之前的争吵或不愉快的事）

Let's not rehash what we did last night.

我们别再提昨晚我们干的事了。

重新计算...的哈希，重新计算...的散列值 （如哈希表等数据结构）


rehouse

rehouses (third-person singular present)
rehousing (present participle)
rehoused (past participle)

The existing collection of paintings will be rehoused in the new gallery.

現存的藏畫將會保存到新的畫廊。


ponytail

ponytails (third-person singular present)
ponytailing (present participle)
ponytailed (past participle)

“Don't mention it,” she said, ponytailing her hair and then sockbunning it with amazing speed.

「別客氣，」她說道，一邊把頭髮紮成馬尾辮，一邊以驚人的速度把頭髮紮成髮髻。


pooh-pooh

pooh-poohs (third-person singular present)
pooh-poohing (present participle)
pooh-poohed (past participle)

In England, until very late days, we have been accustomed rather to pooh-pooh national Orders, to vote ribbons and crosses tinsel gewgaws, foolish foreign ornaments, and so forth.

c.''' 1861，W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray，“On Ribbons”, in Roundabout Papers，London: Smith, Elder & Co., 出版於 1863, →OCLC:

Pooh-poohing the IPCC's science has been one line of attack by [George W.] Bush's backers.

2001年June21日，Murray Sayle，“After George W. Bush, the deluge”, in London Review of Books，卷 23, 期 12，存檔自the original on 2016-09-09，頁s 3–9:

[Bill] Clinton haters will pooh-pooh all of these acknowledgements as the index of a compulsive sociability that knows no limits and upholds no standards, a psychic necessity we should not make into a moral virtue.

2004年September23日，David Simpson，“The kid who talked too much and became President”, in London Review of Books，卷 26, 期 18，存檔自the original on 2016-03-18，頁s 3–5:


rejuvenesce

rejuvenesces (third-person singular present)
rejuvenescing (present participle)
rejuvenesced (past participle)


beguile

源自中古英語 begilen、begylen，等价于be- + guile。对比中古荷蘭語 begilen (“欺骗”)。bewile 的同源對似詞。

beguiles (third-person singular present)
beguiling (present participle)
beguiled (past participle)

吸引，迷住，使...陶醉

I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming.

1864 November 21, Abraham Lincoln (signed) or John Hay, letter to Mrs. Bixby in Boston

I will never touch The Orb, even though its mysterious glow seduces and beguiles

（因快乐等）让...过的更快 （时间）

We beguiled the hours away

我们在欢乐中很快度过了好几个小时。

They beguile the tedium of this enforced leisure by weaving baskets and playing on certain sacred flutes.

1911，James George Frazer，The Golden Bough，卷 11，頁 241:


procrastinate

procrastination 的逆構詞，或源自拉丁語 prōcrastinātum，prōcrastinō (“推迟到明天”)的过去分词，源自prō (“为了”) + crāstinus (“明天的”)，源自crās (“明天”)。

procrastinates (third-person singular present)
procrastinating (present participle)
procrastinated (past participle)

Hence It became manifest to the publishers of Webster, that some device must be resorted to, to induce apathy in the publick mind, and thereby procrastinate the inevitable crisis which they foresaw was approaching, the expulsion of his elementary works from our primary schools.

1816，John Pickering，A vocabulary; or, Collection of words and phrases，頁 4:


relish

变换自reles (“气味，味道，回味”)，源自古法語 relais、reles (“残留物”)，源自relaisser (“残留”)。

relishes (third-person singular present)
relishing (present participle)
relished (past participle)

品味，享受（某物的味道） （自16世纪起）

He relishes their time together.

他很享受他们在一起的时光。

I don't relish the idea of going out tonight.

He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish the honours which he enjoys.

1706, Francis Atterbury, A sermon preached at the Guild-Hall Chapel, September 28, 1706

给...调味，使...美味 （自16世纪）


rich

riches (third-person singular present)
riching (present participle)
riched (past participle)


richen

richens (third-person singular present)
richening (present participle)
richened (past participle)


belie

源自中古英語 belyen、beliggen，源自古英語 beliċġan、biliċġan (“围绕，包围”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *biliggjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *biligjaną (“围绕”)。等价于be- (“周围”) + lie (“位于”)。

belies (third-person singular present)
belying (present participle)
belay (past)
belain (past participle)


belie

源自中古英語 belyen、beleoȝen，源自古英語 belēogan (“欺骗”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bileugan (“欺骗”)。等价于be- (“关于”) + lie (“欺骗”)。对比荷蘭語 beliegen (“说关于...的谎”)、德語 belügen (“欺骗，对...说谎”)。

belies (third-person singular present)
belying (present participle)
belied (past participle)

slander

说关于...的谎 （自13世纪）

calumniate

说关于...的谎 （自13世纪）

misrepresent

歪曲，歪曲关于...的事实，错误代表

contradict

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

give lie to

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

give the lie to

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

说关于...的谎 （自13世纪）

歪曲，歪曲关于...的事实，错误代表

Should I do ſo I ſhould bely my thoughts, / Comfort's in heauen, and we are on the earth[…]

1595 December 9 (first known performance)，[William Shakespeare]，The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto)，London: […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […], 出版於 1597, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

He found it by experience, and made good uſe of it in his owne perſon, if Plutarch bely him not[…]。

1638，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy. […]，第5th版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed [by Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 2, member 6, subsection iv，頁 198:

Cambodia's apparent relative insignificance belied its geopolitical importance.

2013年April3日，Patrick Heenan，The Southeast Asia Handbook，Taylor & Francis, →ISBN，頁 132:

Opposite, the Loram site contains a real ragbag of yellow, blue or rust-streaked kit whose appearance belies their importance in keeping the railways running.

2020年November18日，Paul Bigland，“New infrastructure and new rolling stock”, in Rail，頁 49:

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

Her obvious nervousness belied what she said.

她慌张的神态与她说的话相矛盾。

Early Chinese Buddhist travellers like O'Kong (AD 759-763) mention the use of kesar in Buddhist Viharas for various rituals, and also in making paint for Buddhist scrolls and thankas. This fact belies the earlier myth that would have us believe that kesar was not known prior to Lalitaditya's reign.

2001，Arun Kaul，“Kesar: The cultural geography of Kashmir”, in The Human Landscape，頁 227:

In smooth RP tones that belie his German parentage, he explains that none of his hachet jobs were written out of personal animosity.

2016年April9日，Philip Oltermann，“Michael Hofmann: ‘English is basically a trap. It’s almost a language for spies’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

指责...说谎 （自17世纪）

They haue belyed the Lord, and ſaid; It is not he, neither ſhall euill come vpon vs, neither ſhal we ſee ſwoꝛd noꝛ famine.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 5:12，列 1:

Three belied you, three betrayed you! One you betrayed was three times true! Lord Voryn Dagoth, Dagoth Ur, steadfast liegeman, faithful friend, bids you come and climb Red Mountain!

2002年May1日，Bethesda Softworks，The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, →OCLC, Microsoft Windows，幕：Ashlander Informant:

His calm demeanor belied his inner sense of guilt.

他虽然淡定自若，心里却十分愧疚。

The rosy outlook belies a struggle to achieve statewide eradication that has persisted since the insect first crossed the border from Mexico around 1892.

2013年August31日，Elizabeth Koh，“Fighting Pest, Farmers Find Strange Ally: A Drought”, in New York Times:

At NIE the virtually monolingual linguistic landscape basically belies a quite different multilingual reality.

2019，Li Huang, James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 8:

展示，暴露 （某种矛盾或出乎意料的事物）

A host of evidence is adduced by the accused, evidence whose sometimes self-contradictory nature belies a certain desperation

1993，Carol A. Mossman，Politics and Narratives of Birth: Gynocolonization from Rousseau to Zola，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁 28:

[…] a low, flat, boring building that belies its past as an IRS facility […]

2016年August3日，Jeanne Marie Laskas，“Inside the Federal Bureau Of Way Too Many Guns”, in GQ Online:


portend

借自拉丁語 portendere (“预测，预知”)，源自por- (“向前”) + tendere (“伸展”)，tendo的现在主动不定式。

portends (third-person singular present)
portending (present participle)
portended (past participle)

A kingdom they portend thee, but what kingdom, / Real or allegoric, I discern not; Nor when: eternal sure--as without end,

1671，John Milton，“The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，頁 4:

Let it be known that the Rapture portends the End of Days.

When the staccato, Neptunes-ian single “Boyfriend” was released in March, musical prognosticators were quick to peg the album it portended, Believe, as Justin Bieber’s Justified, a grown-and-sexy, R&B-centric departure that evolved millennial teenybopper Justin Timberlake into one of the unifying pop-music figures of the aughts.

2012年June26日，Genevieve Koski，“Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-08-06:


bareback

barebacks (third-person singular present)
barebacking (present participle)
barebacked (past participle)

In this video, the big guy gets to bareback the little guy.

在这部影片里，大个子不戴套插进小个子的屁眼里。


blather

源自中古英語 bletheren、bloderen，源自古諾爾斯語 blaðra (“说胡话”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 blether、bladder、bledder (“胡扯”)，德語方言bladdern (“说胡话”)、挪威語 bladra (“含糊不清地说”)、冰島語 blaðra (“说废话”)同源。

blathers (third-person singular present)
blathering (present participle)
blathered (past participle)

Then, just before the wedding, the old man feels he’s honor bound to tell his future son-in-law the secret of his past; so the damned idiot blathers the whole story of his killing the man and breaking jail!

1929, Eugene O’Neill, Dynamo, New York, N.Y.: Liveright, Act I, scene i, page 31:

[…] the church attitude has never been that a teacher should be allowed to blather anything that comes into his head without any accountability at all.

1974, Robert Pirsig, chapter 18, in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, part 3, page 214:


pilfer

源自中古英語 pilfre (“战利品”)，源自古法語 pelfre (“赃物，掠夺物”)，其词源不详。对比pelf。

pilfers (third-person singular present)
pilfering (present participle)
pilfered (past participle)

偷窃 （尤指不值钱的，无足轻重的东西）


bullshit

bullshits (third-person singular present)
bullshitting (present participle)
bullshitted (past participle)
bullshit (past participle)
bullshat (past participle)

I think you're bullshitting. Let’s just call your office and see if you even came in.

我觉得你在放屁。要不我们给你办公室打个电话看看你有没有去过。

You’re bullshitting me. I called your office and you never even came in.

放你妈的屁，我给你办公室打了电话，你根本都没有去过。


bungle

动词词源不详，有可能：
* 最终是拟声词（对比bumble (“笨手笨脚；犯错，出错”)、fumble (“笨拙地摸索；犯错”)）；或
* 源自古諾爾斯語，对比古瑞典語 bunga (“击打”)，方言瑞典語 bangla (“做无用功”)。
名词派生自动词。
同源词
* 德語 Bengel (“棍棒；粗鲁的人”)
* 中古高地德語 bungen (“敲”)

bungles (third-person singular present)
bungling (present participle)
bungled (past participle)

blunder

笨手笨脚，失误连连；搞砸

（笨手笨脚，不熟练地）做；（因为不熟练，没有能力而）搞砸，弄糟

I always had an idea that it would be bungled; but was willing to hope, and am still so. Whatever I can do by money, means, or person, I will venture freely for their freedom; and have so repeated to them (some of the Chiefs here) half an hour ago.

1821年February24日，Lord Byron，“Extracts from a Diary of Lord Byron, 1821”, in Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: […]，Frankfurt am Main: […] H. L. Brönner, 出版於 1830, →OCLC，頁 468，列 1:


beckon

源自中古英語 bekenen、beknen、becnen、beknien，源自古英語 bēacnian、bēcnian、bīecnan (“示意”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bauknōn、*bauknijan (“示意”)，源自*baukn (“信号；烽火”)。与古撒克遜語 bōknian、古高地德語 bouhnen、古諾爾斯語 bákna同源。详见beacon。

beckons (third-person singular present)
beckoning (present participle)
beckoned (past participle)

示意...过来，示意...靠近，招呼


beshrew

源自中古英語 beschrewen (“诅咒”)，等价于be- + shrew。

beshrews (third-person singular present)
beshrewing (present participle)
beshrewed (past participle)

（用于祈使句表示感叹性质的咒骂。）

Beshrew your heart, fair daughter!

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

"Now, beshrew his heart," quoth jolly Robin, "that would deny a butcher. And, moreover, I will go dine with you all, my sweet lads, and that as fast as I can hie." Whereupon, having sold all his meat, he closed his stall and went with them to the great Guild Hall.

1883，Howard Pyle，章號 V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown, in Nottinghamshire，New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:


besmirch

besmirches (third-person singular present)
besmirching (present participle)
besmirched (past participle)

debase

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

smear

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

slander

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.


revere

源自法語 révérer，最终源自拉丁語 revereor，源自re- + vereor (“畏惧”)。

reveres (third-person singular present)
revering (present participle)
revered (past participle)


reprieve

1571年，意为“带回监狱”，源自中古英語 repryen (“扣押，羁押”)（1494年），可能源自中古法語 repris，reprendre (“拿回”)的一个变位形式，与reprise同源。其词义已被泛化，但还暗含监狱或处刑的色彩。名词用法自1598年可考。对比拉丁語 privare。

reprieves (third-person singular present)
reprieving (present participle)
reprieved (past participle)

给...予缓刑；撤销...的刑罚 （尤指死囚）

将...押回监狱 （而不处死）


brazen

源自中古英語 brasen，源自古英語 bræsen (“黄铜的”)，等价于brass + -en（对比golden）。
原意为“黄铜的”，动词的比喻义（brazen it out (“放肆”)）追溯至16世纪50年代（可能源自“脸像黄铜一样不见羞耻”），形容词义“厚颜无耻的”源自16世纪70年代。对比bold as brass。

brazens (third-person singular present)
brazening (present participle)
brazened (past participle)

厚着脸皮做 （自16世纪50年代）

And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

1656，John Trapp，“A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew”, in A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […]，第2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，頁 274:

His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

1832 November，“Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine，卷 XXXII, 期 CCI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，頁 870:

[T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

1949，Robert Graves，“Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)”, in The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949，London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，頁 151:

[...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

2007，Jennifer Brice，“Blue Storm”, in Unlearning to Fly，Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，頁 169:

The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

2008，Charles W. Sasser，God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield，New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。

boggles (third-person singular present)
boggling (present participle)
boggled (past participle)

（使...）僵住，（使...）定住，（使...）退缩

The dogs went on, but the horse boggled at the sudden appearance of the strange beast.

那群狗继续向前冲，但是马看到突然出现的奇怪野兽僵住了。

The horror of the deed and its consequences boggle the imagination.

这种行为和它后果的可怕让想象停了下来。

He boggled at arranging for bread to be left daily at some place within easy walking distance, but let that go.

1938，Norman Lindsay，Age of Consent，Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1962，頁 18:

使...困惑，使...迷惑

The vastness of space really boggles the mind.

宽敞的空间让人难以置信。

The oddities of quantum mechanics can boggle the minds of students and experienced physicists alike.

量子力学的奇异让学生们，也让经验丰富的物理学家们摸不着头脑。


postfix

postfixes (third-person singular present)
postfixing (present participle)
postfixed (past participle)

Verbs with י for the first radical, often drop it in the future, imperative, and infinitive of Kal, to which last they postfix ת (לקח to take, follows this form), and in Niph. and Hiph. they change י into ו.

1762, John Parkhurst, An Hebrew and English Lexicon: Without Points


black-market

black-markets (third-person singular present)
black-marketing (present participle)
black-marketed (past participle)

He made his living black-marketing goods intended only for tourists.

他靠贩卖黑市商品为生，这些商品原本是供游客购买的。


power

源自中古英語 power、poer，源自古法語 poeir，源自通俗拉丁語 *potēre，源自拉丁語 possum、posse (“能够”)，见potent。对比法語 pouvoir。取代了古英語原生词汇anweald。

powers (third-person singular present)
powering (present participle)
powered (past participle)

This CD player is powered by batteries.

这台CD播放器是由电池供电的。

United keeper Edwin van der Sar was the unlikely provider as his clearance found Rooney, who had got ahead of last defender Richard Dunne, and the forward brilliantly controlled a ball coming from over his shoulder before powering a shot past Brad Friedel.

2011年February1日，Mandeep Sanghera，“Man Utd 3 - 1 Aston Villa”, in BBC:


platonize

platonizes (third-person singular present)
platonizing (present participle)
platonized (past participle)

Either Plato philonized, or Philo platonized

1791，William Enfield, Johann Jakob Brucker，The History of Philosophy:


jacuzzi

专有商标名Jacuzzi的通用用法。Jacob和James 的同源對似詞。

jacuzzis (third-person singular present)
jacuzziing (present participle)
jacuzzied (past participle)

The suite was jacuzzied.

He jacuzzied his sore muscles.

他用按摩浴缸来按摩他酸痛的肌肉。


accomplish

accomplishes (third-person singular present)
accomplishing (present participle)
accomplished (past participle)

完成、达到目的、实行、实现、执行、达到目的、贯彻


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

acquires (third-person singular present)
acquiring (present participle)
acquired (past participle)

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922，Michael Arlen，“3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


allow

自中世紀拉丁語 allocō (“分配”)，與 alouer 合併為中世紀拉丁語 allaudō，其現在主動不定式 allaudāre，至盎格魯-諾曼語 allouer、alouer，借至中古英語 allowen、alowen 而來。(透过 allaudāre) allaud 或 (透过 allocāre) allocate 的同源對似詞。
與中古英語 alyfen (源自古英語 ālīefan) 和德語 erlauben 皆源自原始日耳曼語 *uzlaubijaną (“允許”)的相似性純屬巧合。

allows (third-person singular present)
allowing (present participle)
allowed (past participle)

I will allow my son to be absent.

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

有了新鮮材料，分類學結論得以因認識到所檢驗的材料反映其所佔據的地點而更為完善；標本館包裹僅提供了作出合理結論時所需資料的一小部分。標本館的材料確實無法讓人們安全地進行推測：所見即所得 […]

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 vii:

to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow an appeal

承認權利；同意主張；接受申請

You must allow that disagreeing about politics puts a strain on a relationship.

你必須承認政治上的分歧會給關係帶來壓力。

Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case.

奈特利先生，我不會讓你在這起案件中擔任公正的法官。

1815年，珍·奧斯丁，章號 5, in 愛瑪，卷 1:

I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct[…]was highly reprehensible.

我同意，與格倫迪夫人及大多數道德家一樣，紐康小姐的行為 […] 是極其應受譴責的。

Half the night passed before the wench allowed that it might be safe to stop.

過了半夜，那丫頭才認為停下來可能是安全的。

2000年，喬治瑞蒙李察馬丁，劍刃風暴，Bantam, 出版於 2011年，頁 154:

准許 (扣除或增加某物，尤其是減免或扣除)

to allow a sum for leakage

核准一筆金額作為損耗扣除

When calculating a budget for a construction project, always allow for contingencies.

在計算建築專案的預算時，務必預留應急費用。

The inlet allowed a facility to bring the money in a boat secretly and at night to the very foot of the hill.

該入口讓人能夠在夜間秘密地用船把錢運送到山腳下。

1824年，華盛頓·歐文，“The Devil and Tom Walker”, in Tales of a Traveller:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

「移動平台」計劃 […] 雖然依賴於傳統鐵軌，但比磁懸浮列車在技術上更具野心。地方列車將使用並行的鐵軌與城際列車並排行駛，並通過對接艙讓乘客能夠換乘。

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in 經濟學人，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers

你們的確作證，你們認可了你們祖先的行為。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 11:48:

We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning.

我們讚揚他的努力，譴責他的傲慢，認可他的一生，讚許他的學識。

How allow you the model of these clothes?

你覺得這些衣服的款式如何？

1632年，菲利普馬辛格, 納森菲爾德，The Fatal Dowry, 第 4 幕，場景 1:

to allow an objection

to allow an appeal

Easy on violence, now I doubt it
I could’ve banged this face but allowed it

我現在質疑平和面對暴力的做法
我本可以揍這張臉，但我放過他了

2021年November3日，“Who's My man?”, Starzzy #MostHated 作詞，0:30:


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

accentuates (third-person singular present)
accentuating (present participle)
accentuated (past participle)

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913，Robert Barr，章號 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


soot

繼承自中古英語 soot、soote、sote、sot，繼承自古英語 sōt，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *sōtą (“油煙”)，源自原始印歐語 *sed- (“坐”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 zoet (“油煙”，過時)、德國低地德語 Soot (“油煙”)、丹麥語 sod (“油煙”)、瑞典語 sot (“油煙”)、冰島語 sót (“油煙”)。對照同一原始印歐語詞根在古愛爾蘭語 suide (“油煙”) 和波羅的-斯拉夫語族中的 ō-階構詞：立陶宛語 súodžiai (“油煙”)，及原始斯拉夫語 *saďa (“油煙”)（俄語 са́жа (sáža)、波蘭語、斯洛伐克語 sadza、保加利亞語 са́жда (sážda)）。

soots (third-person singular present)
sooting (present participle)
sooted (past participle)


skunk

來自一個未被證實的新英格蘭南部阿爾岡昆語單詞，與阿貝納基語 segôgw, segonku (“噴霧（麝香）/ 尿尿的人”)同源，來自原始阿爾岡昆語 *šeka·kwa，來自*šek- (“尿尿”)。

skunks (third-person singular present)
skunking (present participle)
skunked (past participle)

大勝而使對方無法得分；零封

I skunked him at cards.

We fished all day but the lake skunked us.

我們釣了一整天的魚，但一無所獲。


beef up

原为大学俚语，源自beef (“肌肉力量”)。

beefs up (third-person singular present)
beefing up (present participle)
beefed up (past participle)

强化，加强，加固 （1941年）

We need to beef up security around the airport.

我们必须加强机场周围的安保。


GPS

GPSes (third-person singular present)
GPSing (present participle)
GPSed (past participle)


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

pwns (third-person singular present)
pwning (present participle)
pwned (past participle)
pwnd (past participle)
pwnt (past participle)

2nd guard: "Yeah, shiiit! I PWNED YO @zz!"

1999年August5日，Quaestor，“Re: [SP] So..the first victim of the Evil/Hero System”, in rec.games.computer.ultima.online (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-23, message-ID <37AA8154.D77E6EB8@Skara.Brae>:

Otherwise I use fury as my normal attack. Fury completely pwns!

When you get to the Temple of Marr, look very closely at the vases at zone-in and see if you can find the picture where Mith Marr "pwns" someone.

My Trident pwns the Cirrus Logics!

NOOBZ STILL R NOT PWNED. CONTINUE PWNERSHIP UNTIL ALL NOOBZ R PWNED.

2005，AlphaDream，Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time，Nintendo:


RPG

RPGs (third-person singular present)
RPGing (present participle)
RPG-ing (present participle)
RPG'ing (present participle)
RPGed (past participle)
RPG'ed (past participle)
RPG'd (past participle)


downmix

downmixes (third-person singular present)
downmixing (present participle)
downmixed (past participle)


telecast

telecasts (third-person singular present)
telecasting (present participle)
telecast (past participle)
telecasted (past participle)

Cooley currently is ironing out details of the proposed kinescoping with Klaus Landsberg, topper at KTLA, over whose facilities the hour-long show has been telecast […]

[The Kumbh Mela festival] would be telecast across the country.

[大壶节] 将在全国范围内进行电视转播。

2025年January29日，Aakash Hassan，“He went to capture the beauty of Hinduism. Then the stampede happened. [他去捕捉印度教之美。然后发生了踩踏事件。]”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


short circuit

short circuits (third-person singular present)
short circuiting (present participle)
short circuited (past participle)

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998，Catherine Nickerson，The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002，Jim Kasper，Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003，Gina Hens-Piazza，Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

At times, the Knicks’ offense looked short-circuited. Anthony, despite his cold hand, kept shooting. / “They all feel good, to be honest with you,” Anthony said. “It wasn’t long, it wasn’t short, they were bouncing off the rim, they were chippers, the same shot I hit all the time so I can’t stop taking my shots.”

2016年November28日，Mike Vorkunov，“Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, in The New York Times:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002，Paul Kimmel，Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002，Jose Mojico，C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


slosh

sloshes (third-person singular present)
sloshing (present participle)
sloshed (past participle)

The boy sloshed water over the edge of the bath.

男孩把水晃出了浴缸的边缘。

（大声地）倾倒，哗啦哗啦地倒（指液体）

The coffee was nice and hot, so she sloshed some into a cup and went back to her desk.

咖啡做得很好，还很热，她哗啦地倒进一个杯子里，回到她的桌子那。

He really sloshed on the sauce- they were a bit strong for my taste.

She greeted me with a bright smile, and said: “Back already? Did you find it?” With a strong effort I mastered my emotion and replied curtly but civilly that the answer was in the negative. “No,” I said, “I did not find it.” “You can't have looked properly.” Again I was compelled to pause and remind myself that an English gentleman does not slosh a sitting redhead, no matter what the provocation.

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VIII:


blow down

blows down (third-person singular present)
blowing down (present participle)
blew down (past)
blown down (past participle)

I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house down.

Part of the shed was recently blown down in a gale and has been removed, leaving rather inadequate accommodation.

1951 June，“Notes and News: Eskdale Railway Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 424:

A tree had been blown down on the track east of Chippenham. Bath Spa station became a scene of milling confusion. One minute we were told that trains were running. Then they weren't. Then they were again. Not a sound basis on which to try rejigging a business trip.

2020年June3日，Andrew Mourant，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in RAIL，頁 58:

同類詞：rinse down、wash down

Blow down this enclosure and do some chip handling before you run this machine any further.


check out

checks out (third-person singular present)
checking out (present participle)
checked out (past participle)

（通过手续留下记录并）借出，取出，领取

He checked his favorite mystery out for the twenty-third time.

这是他第23次[从图书馆]借出他最喜欢的悬疑小说。

The desk clerk checked out the family that had been staying in room 322.

接待员给留在322号房的一家人退房了。

The library assistant was checking people out.

At 9:30 am, 12 inmates were checked out to the dispensary.

2010, Peterson's, Master the Corrections Officer Exam, Peterson's (ISBN 9780768930306), page 9:

检查，打量；核实，观察，调查

He was hanging out at the beach, checking out the young women in bikinis.

他在海滩看穿着比基尼的年轻女性。

He checked out the rumor, and managed to verify that it was true

他调查了那些流言，最后证实了。

Check it out! Best prices in town.

走过路过不要错过！全城最低价。

Check this out! They just arrested the Mayor!

看这个！他们把市长抓了！

获取，检出 （从仓库获取源代码或其他材料，以便修改并交回（check in））


sandpaper

sandpapers (third-person singular present)
sandpapering (present participle)
sandpapered (past participle)


bear down

bears down (third-person singular present)
bearing down (present participle)
bore down (past)
borne down (past participle)

把（某人）推倒在地；擊敗，克服（自14世紀）

在辯論中維持自己的立場反對（16–17世紀）


blow up

源自中古英語 blow up、blowe up，异化自早期形式中古英語 upblowen（→英語 upblow），等价于blow + up。对比西弗里斯蘭語 opblaze (“胀起，充气”)、荷蘭語 opblazen (“胀起，充气”)、德語 aufblähen以及aufblasen (“胀起，充气”)、瑞典語 blåsa upp (“胀起，充气”)、冰島語 blása upp (“胀起，充气”)、哥特語 𐌿𐍆𐌱𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌽 (ufblēsan，“胀起，充气”)。

blows up (third-person singular present)
blowing up (present participle)
blew up (past)
blown up (past participle)

义项3、4和5内，宾语可出现于助词（up）前或后。若代词作宾语，则必须出现在助词前。

See if you can blow the bubbles up the staircase.

看看你能不能把泡泡吹上楼梯。

使...爆炸，爆破，炸毁，炸残，炸死

We had to blow up the bridge before the enemy army arrived.

我们不得不在敌军到来前把桥炸毁。

More civilians than soldiers have been blown up by anti-personnel mines.

被杀伤地雷炸死的平民比士兵还多。

Temporary bridges are now common in Moravia and Slovakia as so many permanent structures were blown up during the last phase of the war.

1947 January and February，Gerald Druce (Jun.)，“A Journey on the "Slovak Arrow"”, in Railway Magazine，頁 16:

"But we wanted to be more ambitious. We had established contacts with the Ukrainian railways, and they had all sorts of needs. Bridges blown up by the Russians, but also bridges blown up by themselves in tactical battlefield operations."

2023年May17日，Paul Clifton，“Building bridges to Ukraine...”, in RAIL，期 983，頁 31:

For the school science project, each student will blow up a balloon and then tie it closed.

学校的科学课题里，每名学生需要给一个气球充气然后把它绑紧。

Blow up the picture to get a better look at their faces.

把图片放大好看清他们的脸。

使...骄傲，使...沾沾自喜，使...得意忘形

to blow someone up with flattery

blown up with high conceits engendering pride

1667，John Milton，“Book 4”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

to blow up a contention

[…] did not choose to comply with her wishes. Upon which Mrs. Basset, in the language of the Old Bailey, nabbed the rust; insisted upon some liquor, would not quit the house without it, and began to blow up the hostess and blast the rose.

用大量短信或电话轰炸，用大量短信或电话骚扰

I am the man
 So I’m sitting in the VIP
with my mains
We twisted up some Crip
but I am ready to dip
to the telly with my relly
cuz these fuckin git up chicks keep blowin up my celly.

aːm ðə meɪ̯n
soʊ̯ aːm sɪtɪn ɪn ðə vɪp
wɪθ maː meɪ̯ns
wiː twɪstəd ʌp sʊm kɹɪp
bʌt aːm ɹɛdi tu dɪp
tʊ ðə tɛli wɪθ maː ɹɛli
kʌz ðiːz fʌkɪn gɪt ʌp t͡ʃɪks kiːp blowɪn ʌp maː sɛli

2007，“Fucc & Git Up”, in DZ 作詞, Sleepless City Livin，演出者 DZ ft. Gangsta Nutt，from 1:59:

Don't let them sabotage a possible good thing by blowing up your phone while you're in the middle of a hot date with nonsense like, “Jason keeps asking for a Popsicle before bed. Do you think it's okay that I give him one?”

2009，RM Johnson，Why Men Fear Marriage: The Surprising Truth Behind Why So Many Men Can't Commit, →ISBN:

Dad sure knew how to kill a mood. He had blown up my phone all day, ensuring that I didn't back out of our agreement.

2011，Jaime Reed，Living Violet, →ISBN，頁 67:

Not knowing the whereabouts of his daughter, Tavon blew up her phone without once getting a response.

2012，Chris Hicks，Ebony Chronicles of Elevation，卷 1, →ISBN，頁 181:

He has never officially said that we are in a relationship, but he blows up my phone night and day, always wanting to know where I am.

2013，Michelle McKinney Hammond，The Real Deal on Love and Men, →ISBN:

“Danny Cipriani is blowing up my phone saying: ‘I’m going to sue you’,” she said, shortly before announcing her willingness to go to prison over the issue.

2014年September11日，Alexis Petridis，引 Kelly Brook, “A freedom fighter for our time: Kelly Brook will not be silenced over Danny Cipriani”, in The Guardian:

They're blowing up our phones, asking where we are / Just say we're almost there; we ain't even in the car


depth charge

depth charges (third-person singular present)
depth charging (present participle)
depth charged (past participle)

用深水炸彈攻擊目標（通常是潛水艇）

After the freighter was torpedoed, its escorting destroyers depth charged the submarine for two hours, but failed to sink it.

貨輪被魚雷擊中後，護航該船的驅逐艦對潛艇實施了兩個小時的深水炸彈攻擊，但沒能將其擊沉。


starboard

源自中古英語 sterbord、stere-bourd、stere-burd，源自古英語 stēorbord，源自原始西日耳曼語 *steurubord，等价于steer + board (“船的一侧”)，指古时船只舵桨放在右侧（来方便右撇子船员），此时船只需要以左侧靠岸，否则会被右侧的舵桨挡住，这也是现在左侧被称为port的原因。

starboards (third-person singular present)
starboarding (present participle)
starboarded (past participle)

to starboard the helm


tug

繼承自中古英語 tuggen、toggen，繼承自古英語 togian (“拖，拉”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *togōn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *tugōną (“拖，拉扯，撕裂”)，源自原始印歐語 *dewk- (“拉”)。
同源詞包括中古低地德語 togen (“拉”)、中古高地德語 zogen (“拉，撕”)、冰島語 toga (“拉”)。與 tow 有關。

tugs (third-person singular present)
tugging (present participle)
tugged (past participle)

The police officers tugged the drunkard out of the pub.

He lost his patience trying to undo his shoe-lace, but tugging it made the knot even tighter.

他失去了耐心，试图解开鞋带，但拉扯却使鞋带结得更紧。


upper deck

upper decks (third-person singular present)
upper decking (present participle)
upper decked (past participle)

在（馬桶）水箱上進行上層惡作劇

HOW DO I KNOW YOU'RE REALLY YOU AND NOT ANOTHER VOICE?
YOU UPPER-DECKED THE TOILET BACK IN THE AVENGERS MANSION.
I FEEL BAD ABOUT THAT, BUT I WAS MAD AT LOGAN.

2014, Gerry Duggan, Brian Posehn, Deadpool Vol. 4: Deadpool vs S.H.I.E.L.D.

I was angry at Cletus, then remembered the time in college when Sal and I picked the lock of Cletoid's bathroom door and took turns upper-decking his toilet. I smiled.

2017, Jonathan LaPoma, Understanding the Alacrán


put out

puts out (third-person singular present)
putting out (present participle)
put out (past participle)

所有及物义项的宾语可在助词前也可在助词后。若为代词，则必须在助词前。

You can't have a pair of scissors! You'll put your eye out!

不能给你剪刀！你会戳到自己的眼睛的。

Don’t forget to put out the dog.

放出去，拿走 解雇，开除

Don’t forget to put out the dog.

The factory puts out 4000 units each day.

工厂每天生产4000个产品。

This unit puts out 4000 BTUs.

这个产品产热4000 BTU。

Lift with your knees. Don’t put out your back.

用膝盖使力气，别把你的背闪了。

Yet she must dye, else shee'l betray more men:
Put out the Light, and then put out the Light:
If I quench thee, thou flaming Minister,
I can againe thy former light restore,
Should I repent me. But once put out thy Light,
Thou cunning'st Patterne of excelling Nature,
I know not where is that Promethaean heate
That can thy Light re-Lume.

约1603–1604年，威廉·莎士比亚，“The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

They worked for days to put out the brushfire.

She put out her cigarette.

'You talk funny,' I said to him. 'I mean, the other wardens say, "Put that light out", but you shout, "Put out the light".'
'Shakespeare,' the warden said in a deep voice.

2010, Terry Deary, Put out the Light, p. 10:

Put out those lights before the Germans see them.

把灯熄了，不然德国人会看到的。


Bluetooth

來自blue + tooth，仿譯自古諾爾斯語 Blátǫnn (現代丹麥語 Blåtand)。

Bluetooths (third-person singular present)
Bluetoothing (present participle)
Bluetoothed (past participle)

The widespread use of mobile phones which support free Bluetoothing has enabled promotional videos to be distributed virally between handsets.

2009，Seema Gupta，Branding and Advertising，頁 303:

Everyone's bluetoothing each other the latest ring tones and pictures. Telling the most crazy stories ever.

2010，Katie Taylor，Confessions of a Teenager: The Diaries of Three Troubled Teens，頁 92:


FTP

FTPs (third-person singular present)
FTPing (present participle)
FTPed (past participle)

Just as newsgroups have certain rules to live by, there are several courtesies to remember when FTPing and telneting to remote sites […]

Having saved header.php, I FTPed it back to the Sandbox theme folder, overwriting the old version.

2008，Paul Thewlis，WordPress for Business Bloggers:


photoshop

源自Adobe Photoshop，一款知名圖像修改軟件。

photoshops (third-person singular present)
photoshopping (present participle)
photoshopped (past participle)


DMCA

DMCAs (third-person singular present)
DMCAing (present participle)
DMCAed (past participle)

以數位千禧年著作權法為依據發出通知，以便刪除侵權的材料

The record label DMCAed several Web sites that were hosting copyrighted song lyrics.

唱片公司向幾個刊載受版權保護歌詞的網站發送了侵權通知。


hand over

hands over (third-person singular present)
handing over (present participle)
handed over (past participle)

讓與控制權或東西事物的所有權；交出/移交

I handed over the controls to the copilot.

我將控制權移交給副駕駛員。

Liverpool still have a game in hand but City have made up most of that lost ground and this was a resounding message that they will not be handing over the title.

2019年February10日，Phil McNulty，“Manchester City 6-0 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:


Microsoft

microcomputer + software 組成的混成詞。參見 -soft。

Microsofts (third-person singular present)
Microsofting (present participle)
Microsofted (past participle)

在商業實踐和策略方面變得更像微軟

You could call it the Microsofting of the wine industry. Of course, wine is unlikely to be dominated by one producer or one distributor.

2003，Wine Enthusiast，卷 16, 期s 2-8，頁 122:


meme

由英國的生物學家理查德·道金斯在1976造出，用於其著作《自私的基因》。mimeme的縮略（對比英語 phoneme），源自古希臘語 μῖμος (mîmos，“複製，模仿”)。。其網路含義由迈克·戈德温應用。

memes (third-person singular present)
meming (present participle)
memeing (present participle)
memed (past participle)

將……轉變成網路迷因；（在現實生活中）使用網路迷因

to meme into existence

Scott Greer, a deputy editor of the Daily Caller, tweeted, “Cernovich memed #SickHillary into reality. Never doubt the power of memes.”

2016年October31日，Andrew Marantz，“Trolls for Trump”, in The New Yorker, retrieved 2017-12-02:

David Moyes succeeding Slaven Bilić as West Ham United manager is being memed into existence by the internet, Football Burp understands.

2017年November6日，“David Moyes to West Ham “memed into existence by the internet””, in Football Burp, retrieved 2017-12-02:


power down

powers down (third-person singular present)
powering down (present participle)
powered down (past participle)

Google Glass batteries power down after 45 minutes of continuous recording, making it unlikely anyone could capture an entire film.

Google Glass 的電池在連續錄影 45 分鐘後就會斷電，因此不太可能有人能拍下一整部影片。

2014年June29日，Adam Sherwin，“UK cinemas ban Google glasses over piracy risk”, in The Independent:


ring in

rings in (third-person singular present)
ringing in (present participle)
rang in (past)
rung in (past participle)

We will ring in the New Year at a ski resort.

我们准备在一个滑雪场庆祝新年。


ring in

rings in (third-person singular present)
ringing in (present participle)
ringed in (past participle)

All the world was only the two Copleigh girls, Saumarez and I, ringed in with the lightning and the dark; and the guidance of this misguided world seemed to lie in my hands.

He was ringed in on all sides by a solid circle of gleaming red sparks that shone from the grass. Held back by their fear, the graveyard rats surrounded him, squealing their hate.


rub out

rubs out (third-person singular present)
rubbing out (present participle)
rubbed out (past participle)

两个及物义项中，宾语可出现在助词前面或后面。若宾语为代词，则必须出现在助词前。

The teacher wanted to rub out the chalk marks on the blackboard.

老师想把黑板上的粉笔笔迹擦掉。

It was just a week to the day since Mr. Martin had decided to rub out Mrs. Ulgine Barrows.


snarf

snarfs (third-person singular present)
snarfing (present participle)
snarfed (past participle)

He snarfed a whole bag of chips in a couple of minutes!

他几分钟时间就把一整袋薯片吃光了！

Freed from the usual inhibitions, we get home and I snarf down pasta salad right out of the Tupperware container […]

1999: Marya Hornbacker, Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, page 239

"I'm not going to sit there while you two watch me snarf a whole pie by myself."

2000: Nancy Woodruff, Someone Else's Child, page 40

The old 40-horse models used to snarf up more fuel than today's 90-horse models.

2003: Allen D. Berrien, Powerboat Care and Repair: How to Keep Your Outboard, Sterndrive, Or Gas-Inboard Boat Alive and Well, page 41

以不当手段拿走，擅自拿走 （但不指盗窃）

Either write-through or write-back policy caches may snarf the data that the bus master is writing to memory.

1995: Tom Shanley, Don Anderson, ISA System Architecture, page 296

...in addition, the embedding enables the designer to snarf features from the underlying language […]

1996: Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman, Julie Sussman, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, page 399

Other future applications of the semantic snarfing idea might include classrooms, where students might snarf interesting pieces of content from the instructor's presentation; […]

2001: Brad A. Myers, Choon Hong Peck, Jeffrey Nicols, Dave Kong, and Robert Miller, Interacting at a Distance Using Semantic Snarfing, in Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pages 305-314.

I snarfed the whole database into my program.

我把整个数据库全加载到我的程序里了。


tabulate

源自table + -ate，对比晚期拉丁語 tabulātus (“有地板的”)，tabulō (“给...安装木板”)的完成时被动分词 + -ātus（最终源自原始印歐語 *-eh₂tos (从名词构成形容词的后缀，表示拥有某物或某种特质)。tabulō派生自tabula (“木板”)，其词源不详。可能源自原始印歐語 *teh₂-（*steh₂- (“站”)的变体） + *-dʰlom（*-trom (构成表示工具的名词的后缀)的变体）。

tabulates (third-person singular present)
tabulating (present participle)
tabulated (past participle)

enroll

将...登记在官方记录内

Let it be required to Tabulate or lay down this Number 3496. Firſt, from among your Sets of Rods (or out of your Caſe) take four of them, of which let one of them have the Figure 3 at the top thereof, and lay it upon your Tabellet cloſe to the Edge thereof, […]

1700，William Leybourn，“Instrumental Arithmetick. The Third Part. Teaching, by a New Artifice (not heretofore Published, to My Knowledge, in any Language.) The Manner how to Set Down any Decimal Fraction Required: … by Certain Scales Contrived, Suitable to the Coins, Weights and Measures Now Used in England. And for the Extracting of the Square and Cube Roots. Also, by Nepair’s Bones …”, in Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, Instrumental, Algebraical. In Four Parts，第7th版, London: Printed by J. Matthews, for Awnsham and John Churchill, at the Black-Swan in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, section II (By Nepair’s Bones), subsection IV (How to Apply to Lay Down any Numbers by the Rods), proposition I (Any Number being Given, how to Tabulate or Lay Down the Same by Rods)，頁 265:

It [the School Department] gives advice and instruction concerning their duties to thirteen thousand school directors and controllers, furnishes them blanks, receives and tabulates their reports, reviews their accounts, judges whether they have kept their schools open according to law, and, if so, pays them the State appropriation for their respecive districts.

1872 January，“[Official Department. Thirty-eighth annual report.] Report of the President of the Agricultural College”, in The Pennsylvania School Journal: An Educational Magazine，卷 XX, 期 7, Lancaster, Pa.: Wylie & Griest, Inquirer Printing House and Bindery, →OCLC，頁 226:

The inevitable deduction from the figures tabulated must be that the material prosperity of the people as a whole is making good progress.

1903年March25日，G[opal] K[rishna] Gokhale，引 Edward FitzGerald Law, “Budget Speech, 1903”, in Speeches of the Honourable Mr. G. K. Gokhale, […]，Madras: G[anapathi] A[graharam] Natesan & Co., […], 出版於 [1908], →OCLC，頁 62:

In addition to the evident needs mentioned above there is also a desire to standardize and tabulate results. The same desire in other fields has given rise to intelligence tests, psychological examinations, etc.

1924 November，William Hulbert Barrow，“A General Athletic Ability Test”, in American Physical Education Review，卷 XXIX, 期 9 (number 201 overall), [Springfield, Mass.]: [American Physical Education Association], →OCLC，頁 506，列 1:

[Herman] Hollerith, a statistician for the United States government, was faced with the task of tabulating the figures of the 1890 census at a time when such tabulating would take more than ten years if done by hand. […] Faced with this prospect, Hollerith conceived the idea of representing the census data as holes on punched cards and of building machines that would sort these cards according to the holes they contained and that would tabulate and otherwise analyze the data.

1974，Allan B. Ellis，“Common Conceptions about Computers”, in The Use & Misuse of Computers in Education，New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, →ISBN, part I (What is a Computer?)，頁 15:

Mr. [Edward Drinker] Cope has examined a collection from the territory of Arizona and in the Colorado district; it contained 44 species. […] He tabulates them according to their range into the neighbouring provinces, and points out that, herpetologically, the Sonoran and Lower Californian provinces are nearly as distinct from each other as the Sonoran is from the Central, […]

1867，Albert Günther，“Reptilia”, in The Record of Zoological Literature. 1866，卷 III, London: John Van Voorst、Paternoster Row, →OCLC，頁s 121–122:

[John] Whethemstede's literary productions show his preference for encyclopedias in which he could tabulate under special headings the limits of his wide reading.

1941，R[oberto] Weiss，章號 II, in Humanism in England during the Fifteenth Century，Oxford: Basil Blackwell, →OCLC，頁 35:

You have to be an artist and a madman, […] in order to discern at once, by ineffable signs—the slightly feline outline of a cheekbone, the slenderness of a downy limb, and other indices which despair and shame and tears of tenderness forbid me to tabulate—the little deadly demon among the wholesome children; she stands unrecognized by them and unconscious herself of her fantastic power.

1955，Vladimir Nabokov，章號 5, in Lolita，Paris: Olympia Press, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Crest Giant, Fawcett World Library, 1959年December13日, →OCLC，頁 19:

将...登记在官方记录内

The order of Tabulating Summonds is now much alter'd, for no Summonds are Tabulated except Actions of Declarators, Improbations, Contraventions, and other Actions at the King's Advocats inſtance, […]

1687，George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh，“King James the Fifth, Parl. 5. [Act 52.]”, in Observations on the Acts of Parliament, …，Edinburgh: Printed by the heir of Andrew Anderson, printer to His Most Sacred Majesty, and are to be sold by Thomas Brown, and other book-sellers, →OCLC，頁 134:


teleport

teleports (third-person singular present)
teleporting (present participle)
teleported (past participle)


underbar

underbars (third-person singular present)
underbarring (present participle)
underbarred (past participle)


pulver

pulvers (third-person singular present)
pulvering (present participle)
pulvered (past participle)


waltz

源自德語 Walzer ← walzen (“跳舞”) ← 古高地德語 walzan (“轉”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *walt- (“轉”) ← 原始印歐語 *wel- (“轉”)。

waltzes (third-person singular present)
waltzing (present participle)
waltzed (past participle)

They waltzed for twenty-one hours and seventeen minutes straight, setting a record.

他們連續跳華爾茲24小時17分，創造了紀錄。

While waltzing her around the room, he stepped on her toes only once.

他和她跳華爾茲的時候，只踩過她一次腳。

窜进，把...带进 （尤指没有批准或没有邀请等）

He waltzed into the room like he owned the place.

他馬上竄進房間，好像那是他自己的地方一樣。

You can't just waltz him in here without documentation!

你不能就这样不走手续把他带到这里来。

Oxlade-Chamberlain, 18, became the youngest English Champions League scorer when he waltzed across the area to plant a low shot into the corner.

2011年September28日，Tom Rostance，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

The women in Ms. Telfer’s book waltz right by societal rules that would leave the rest of us at a standstill. We are left tsk-tsking, while also in awe.

2021年February25日，Mara Altman，“Glitzy, Tragic and Selfish: Female Con Artists Waltz by Society’s Rules”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

And he said, what he had planned in his head from the start, if we got Jim out all safe, was for us to […] take him back up home on a steamboat, in style, and pay him for his lost time, and write word ahead and get out all the niggers around, and have them waltz him into town with a torchlight procession and a brass-band, and then he would be a hero, and so would we.

1884, Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter the Last:


ail

繼承自中古英語 eilen，繼承自古英語 eġlan，eġlian (“困擾，折磨”)，和哥特語 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan，“使苦惱”)同源。

ails (third-person singular present)
ailing (present participle)
ailed (past participle)

使苦惱，使痛苦，使不適（現在主要用於疑問句或不定句。）

Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.

喝點雞湯。這對你的病痛有好處。

夏甲，你為何這樣呢？

Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?

2011, "Connubial bliss in America", The Economist:


averse

源自拉丁語 aversus，avertere (“背过身；避免”)的过去分词。

averses (third-person singular present)
aversing (present participle)
aversed (past participle)

[…] and, in this panegyrick of the Teutonick blood, I have so prolixly insisted, not only to vindicate our own, as being a stream of the same, and to evince the nobility thereof, but withal to convince the folly of those wretches among us, who aversing ours do so much adhere unto, and dote upon descents from France and Normandy.

The inconveniences aversing from clandestine marriages are pointedly depicted in the last two lines, teaching lessons of morality to all romantic babies.

1859，The Yale Literary Magazine，卷 24, 期 7，頁 302:


fuck

源自中古英語 *fukken，可能源自日耳曼語族：源自古英語 *fuccian或古諾爾斯語 *fukka，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *fukkōną，源自原始印歐語 *pewǵ- (“击，打，刺”)。对比windfucker及其有争议的词源。
可能在772年时可考于一提到了一处地名Fuccerham的章程内，其可能意为“肏者之家”或“肏者之牧场”；1278年时出现于某记录中的“John le Fucker”可能不过为“Fulcher”的变体，类似“Fucher”、“Foker”等形式。在英语的所有发展阶段中，本词最早明确使用于与性有关的语境内可能是英国柴郡的一个1310年12月8日的法庭文件内，其提到了一个叫做“Roger Fuckebythenavel”的男子（可能是半开玩笑，或者暗指其有淫乱行为）。本词1598年首次出现在词典内。 低地蘇格蘭語 fuk/fuck可考记录出现较早，可能进一步佐证了其源自北日耳曼/斯堪的纳维亚的词源理论。进入16世纪后，本词开始被频繁使用，接替了jape和sard并广泛取代了swive。
大量基于民间词源理论的逆构词，比如fornication under consent of the king和for unlawful carnal knowledge，均不实。
义项10源自相关词义feck。

fucks (third-person singular present)
fucking (present participle)
fucked (past participle)

bugger

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

eff

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

to hell with

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

screw

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

mess

使用于动词短语：fuck with (“乱玩；戏耍，戏弄”)。

toy

使用于动词短语：fuck with (“乱玩；戏耍，戏弄”)。

Would you fuck me? I'd fuck me. I'd fuck me hard. I'd fuck me so hard.

1991，Ted Tally，The Silence of the Lambs (motion picture), spoken by Jame "Buffalo Bill" Gumb (Ted Levine):

She wanted to fuck him more than she had ever wanted to fuck any man in her life.

2007，Lionel Shriver，The post-birthday world, →ISBN:

They're both New Yorkers coasting on their reputations, they've both had three marriages, neither of them can shut up when in front of a camera, and perhaps most importantly, they both want to fuck Ivanka, which-which is weird for Trump because Ivanka is in his family, and it's weird for Giuliani because she isn't.

2018年May6日，“Rudy Giuliani”, in 上周今夜秀，季数 5, 集数 10, 約翰·奧利佛 (actor), 經由 HBO:

幹，肏，插入 （使用阴茎，假阴茎插入某人身上的孔、腔或乳沟等）

She shoved them up and together, pushing into me, forcing my foot to fuck her tits harder and harder while gasping as if I was shoving it deep into her body...

2006，Rachel Kramer Bussel，Glamour Girls: Femme/Femme Erotica:

Her pussy had never taken this much cock in her entire life. […] Xander took the hint and began fucking her mouth with his fingers, moving both hands to the same rhythm while his cock gained even more speed and started moving the couch back a few inches with every push. […]

2019年September25日，April Lust，Outlaw in Black: A Dark Contemporary Bad Boy Motorcycle Club Romance，E-Book Publishing World Inc.:

We decided to switch things around and have him fuck me tonight.

我们决定互换一下，让他今晚插我。

fuck me in the ass, really fuck my ass

A skinny, boyish-looking guy getting fucked by a huge muscle man.

瘦得像小孩的男人被大块头肌肉男插入

He fucked the dirty cloth out the window.

She fucked her mobile at his head in anger.

她生气地把手机砸到他头上。


sorrow

繼承自中古英語 sorow、sorwe、sorghe、sorȝe，繼承自古英語 sorg、sorh (“关心、焦虑、悲痛”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *sorgu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *surgō（對比西弗里斯蘭語 soarch、荷蘭語 zorg、德語 Sorge、丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 sorg），源自原始印歐語 *swergʰ- (“看管、担心；生病、受苦”)（對比古愛爾蘭語 serg (“疾病”)、吐火羅語B sark (“疾病”)、立陶宛語 sirgti (“生病”)、梵語 सूर्क्षति (sū́rkṣati，“擔心”)）。雖然意思和詞形上和 sorry、sore 相似，詞源上和這兩者並無關聯。

sorrows (third-person singular present)
sorrowing (present participle)
sorrowed (past participle)

為……感到悲痛、哀悼、遺憾


toilet paper

toilet papers (third-person singular present)
toilet papering (present participle)
toilet papered (past participle)

TP

用卫生纸条覆盖房屋、树木或其他建筑物（通常作为恶作剧或庆祝）

用卫生纸条覆盖房屋、树木或其他建筑物（通常作为恶作剧或庆祝）


open up

opens up (third-person singular present)
opening up (present participle)
opened up (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-open up.wav

Some vacancies have opened up due to retirements.

因为有人退休所以出现了一些职位空缺。

Open up the door!

The executive pay gap is opening up again.

高管薪水差异又开始出现了。

Wilshire then opened up Everton's defence, but Van Persie lifted his finish over the onrushing Howard and also over the bar.

2011年February1日，Phil McNulty，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Everton”, in BBC:


wiki

首次出現於1995年的PC Week。為WikiWikiWeb的縮寫，來自夏威夷語 wikiwiki (“快速的”) + 英語 web。

wikis (third-person singular present)
wikiing (present participle)
wikied (past participle)

I tore through his collection wikiing any plot points that I missed learning the importance of the players of the DC universe

2008年December1日，GeekDad，“Son of a Geek: Comics and Growing Up the DC Way”, in Wired News:

Her English is no better than my Portuguese, but I wikied 'influenza' in Portuguese and it came up with 'gripe'

2009年June18日，Lizz Holmans，“Janus”, in uk.rec.sheds (Usenet):

I did research on the internet and found out so. I “wikied” it.

The history of wikied novels isn't pretty (Penguin Books never published the gobbledygook that was "A Million Penguins"), and no one has dared wiki a jazz song.

2009年October19日，“Cooking Consensus: Will Wiki Work in the Kitchen?”, in Time，存檔自the original on 2011-06-04:


infame

源自拉丁語 īnfāmāre，源自 īnfāmis (“聲名狼藉的”)；比較法語 infamer、意大利語 infamare。參見infamous。

infames (third-person singular present)
infaming (present participle)
infamed (past participle)

破壞……的名譽，使……臭名昭著

sapience, hitherto obscured, infamed

1667，John Milton，“(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband.

莉維亞因毒害丈夫而臭名昭著。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Empire”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:


yuxtaponer

yuxtapongo
yuxtapuse
yuxtapuesto (past participle)

将……并列（尤指用于对比等）


MRI

MRIs (third-person singular present)
MRIing (present participle)
MRIed (past participle)

When the delirium stopped and it was safe to take Versed, her doctors doped her up and she managed to endure the MRI, on condition that I remain with her all the time. They MRIed her skull for thirty minutes, and two days later MRIed her spine for an hour.

2005，Donald Hall，The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon，Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN，頁s 99–100:

Remarkably, no one to that point had suggested MRIing my leg, which is where my pain actually was. Everyone surmised that the issue was really in my back. Dr. Smith scheduled an MRI for that very day.

2014，Mark Herzlich，What It Takes: Fighting For My Life and My Love of the Game，New York, NY: New American Library, →ISBN，頁 74:


abominate

首次記錄於1644年。可能自abomination 的逆構詞。或者，派生自晚期拉丁語 abōminātus，abōminarī (“貶低為不祥之兆”) 的過去分詞，源自ab + ominari (“預示、預兆”)，源自omen。

abominates (third-person singular present)
abominating (present participle)
abominated (past participle)

/əˈbɒm.əˌnəɪt/

/əˈbɒm.ɪˌnəɪt/

abhor

極度憎恨、厭惡、鄙棄 （首次記錄於17世紀中期）

極度憎恨、厭惡、鄙棄 （首次記錄於17世紀中期）

"Much as I abominate writing, I would not give up Mr. Collins's correspondence for any consideration."

“我平常虽然最讨厌写信，可是我无论如何也不愿和柯林斯断绝书信往来。”

強烈不喜歡 （首次記錄於19世紀晚期）


accelerate

首次見於1520年代。可能源自拉丁語 accelerātus，accelerō (“我趕緊，我加速”) 的完成被動分詞，源自 ad + celerō (“我趕緊”)，源自 celer (“快”)（參見 celerity）；或是 acceleration 的逆構詞。

accelerates (third-person singular present)
accelerating (present participle)
accelerated (past participle)


add up

adds up (third-person singular present)
adding up (present participle)
added up (past participle)

Add up the prices and find out how much it will cost.

把價格加起來，看看總價。

If small amounts of something add up, they gradually increase.

如果將少量的東西加起來，他們便會逐漸地增大。


submeter

submeters (third-person singular present)
submetering (present participle)
submetered (past participle)

“The submetering program is intended to help conserve energy, which is something that we remain committed to,” he said.

他说： “分表安装计划旨在帮助节约能源，这是我们一直致力于做的事情。”

2009年February15日，Manny Fernandez，“State Freezes Plan to Have Tenants Pay Electric Bills”, in New York Times:

根据分表测量的用电量收取费用


straddle

作动词时，自16世纪60年代起可考。很可能是方言词striddle的变换形式。名词自17世纪10年代起可考。

straddles (third-person singular present)
straddling (present participle)
straddled (past participle)

As they approached the entrance of the port, the giant straddled clear across it, with a foot firmly planted on each headland,

The mountain-ringed Yukon Flats basin straddles the Arctic Circle and is bisected by the Yukon River.

在...上骑墙，在...上不表态

Wanting to please both sides, he straddled the issue.

为了让两边都高兴，他对这个问题没有做表态。

This weed straddles the entire garden.

这种杂草蔓延于整个花园。

Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks


sweat

源自中古英語 sweten，源自古英語 swǣtan，源自原始日耳曼語 *swaitijaną (“出汗”)。 对比荷蘭語 zweten、德語 schwitzen、丹麥語 svede。shvitz 的同源對似詞。

sweats (third-person singular present)
sweating (present participle)
sweated (past participle)
sweat (past participle)

使...经皮肤排出液体：

His physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics.

内科医生尝试用最强效的发汗药让他出汗。

to sweat a spendthrift

压榨花钱大手大脚的人身上

to sweat labourers

担心，担忧 （自20世纪起）

There are few matters studio executives sweat more than maintaining their franchises.
没有什么比维护自己的系列更让制片公司的经理担心的事了。

2010, Brooks Barnes, "Studios battle to save Narnia", The New York Times, 5 Dec 2010:

to sweat blood

Stop sweatin' me!

But I'ma smoke 'em now and not next time / Smoke any motherfucker that sweats me

用少油文火慢煮（来蒸掉水分）

Sweating is a generally a quiet operation; if the food is whispering, or worse, hissing, the moisture is probably evaporating too rapidly

2002，Judy Rodgers，The Zuni Cafe Cookbook:

Sweat the carrots, onion, celery, leeks, and cabbage in the butter until translucent not allowing them to color in any way.

2007，Patty Elsberry, Matt Bolus，Simply Vanilla: Recipes for Everyday Use，頁 93:

Reduce heat to low, cover pan, and gently sweat the celery for ten minutes, taking care not to brown it

2009，Bill Neal，Bill Neal's Southern Cooking，頁 11:

Sweat the onions and garlic in the oil, stirring occasionally, until they are completely soft (no crunch) but not caramelized.

将（硬币）和其他硬币在一个袋子里摇晃来划掉一部分金属

The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in circulation again after having diminished its weight by sweating, or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer consistent with its impression.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1879, Richard Cobden, On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold (originally by Michel Chevalier)


syndicate

來自法語 syndicat (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加委員會；工會”)，來自syndic (“辛迪加；代表；日內瓦首席行政官”) + -at (“表示行動或行動結果的後綴”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 *syndicatus，來自syndicus (“公司或城鎮的代表；辛迪加”) (來自古希臘語 σύνδικος (súndikos，“被告辯護人”)，來自σύν (sún，“旁邊；和”) + δίκη (díkē，“審判；正義”)) + -ātus (“從名詞組成形容詞的後綴，表示擁有某種東西或某種品質”)。
對照意大利語 sindacato (“辛迪加；工會；審計，控制，監督”)、奧克語 sendegat、葡萄牙語 sindicato (“工會”)、西班牙語 sindicado、sindicato (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加；工會”)。

syndicates (third-person singular present)
syndicating (present participle)
syndicated (past participle)

音頻 (名詞) (澳洲)

When a potential transaction has been identified by a bank, the first activity is obtaining from the potential borrower a "mandate," which is the customer's exclusive authorization to a bank to act as the syndication manager for that particular transaction and to approach other financial institutions on its behalf to raise a given amount of funds. […] A mandate letter is very similar to a standard bank commitment letter, with the exception that bank managers do not guarantee to provide the credit facility, but rather only to syndicate it on a "best efforts" basis, perhaps with a certain firm commitment assumed by them representing a portion of the required syndicated financing.

1999，Esteban C. Buljevich, Yoon S. Park，“Syndicated Eurocredit Loans”, in Project Financing and the International Financial Markets，Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN，頁 20:

透過報系在報刊上同時發表

[I]nternational television format exchanges are providing a customizable alternative to syndicating existing TV series in foreign markets. Sixteen countries around the world have adapted So You Think You Can Dance, a reality dance competition that originated in the United States. Format changes range from using local judges and contestants to incorporating local dance styles into the competition.

2015，Avi Santo，“Building the Franchise One Market at a Time: The Lone Ranger’s Extra-Textual Career in the Late 1930s”, in Selling the Silver Bullet: The Lone Ranger and Transmedia Brand Licensing，Austin, Tx.: University of Texas Press, →DOI, →ISBN，頁 56:

With the success of The Oprah Winfrey Show and the national attention that Oprah [Winfrey] received from The Color Purple, [Jeffrey] Jacobs advised her that it was time to syndicate her show. Jacobs worked out a deal with the syndication company King World to distribute the show nationally. Two brothers, Roger and Michael King, ran King World. They syndicated the game shows Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! and were looking for a new show to add to their list.

2011，Anne Lies，“Chicago!”, in Oprah Winfrey: Media Mogul，Edina, Minn.: ABDO Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁s 49–50:


tryst

源自中古英語 tryst、trist，源自古法語 tristre (“等待地点，打猎时约定的地方”)，可能源自北日耳曼語支，比如古諾爾斯語 treysta (“保全”)，源自traust (“信任，安全，帮助，藏身处”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *traustą (“信任，避难所”)，源自原始印歐語 *deru-、*dreu-、*drū- (“确信”)。trust 的同源對似詞（亦参见）。

trysts (third-person singular present)
trysting (present participle)
trysted (past participle)

约定，安排（会议时间等）


scowl

源自中古英語 scowlen、scoulen、skoulen（亦作中古英語 schoulen），可能源自。对比丹麥語 skule (“皱眉”)、挪威語 skule (“皱眉”)。

scowls (third-person singular present)
scowling (present participle)
scowled (past participle)

to scowl a rival into submission

皱着眉头显现出，皱着眉头表示

to scowl defiance


press-gang

pressgang (alternative)
press gang (alternative)
press-gangs (third-person singular present)
press-ganging (present participle)
press-ganged (past participle)

shanghai

強迫（某人）參軍或服海軍役。

強迫（某人）參軍或服海軍役。

同類詞：conscript、draft

強迫（某人）做他們不願意做的事情。

同類詞：railroad


dildo

不清楚，可能是英語 diddle 的變體。對比經常表達性暗示的歌曲中作為表達無意義音節的用法和拼寫 dil doul，例如山繆·皮普斯圖書館中的一首歌曲 The Maids Complaint for want of a Dil Doul。不太可能與意大利語 diletto (“快樂”) 或拉丁語 dīlātō (“我敞開心扉，傳播”)有關，儘管這兩者是經常被引用的字源。

dildoes (third-person singular present)
dildoing (present participle)
dildoed (past participle)

使用假陽具或其他類似假陽具的物體插入。

And Venus (one that so much known is)
 Is Dildo’d by Cauda Draconis.

1681，Homer Alamode, the Second Part in English Burlesque, or, Mock Poem upon the Ninth Book of the Iliads，頁 48:

A muscular female prison guard was dildoing a petite brunette with a night stick.

一名肌肉發達的女獄警正用警棍對一名嬌小的黑髮女孩進行性交。

2010，Reggie Chesterfield，Goody Goes Bad!，頁 40:


solace

源自古法語 solas，源自拉丁語 sōlācium (“安慰”)，源自原始印歐語 *selh₂- (“恕，慰”)。

solaces (third-person singular present)
solacing (present participle)
solaced (past participle)


podcast

iPod + broadcast 組成的混成詞，由作家Ben Hammersley在2004年所造（podcasting）。

podcasts (third-person singular present)
podcasting (present participle)
podcasted (past participle)


shepherd

來自中古英語 schepherde，來自古英語 sċēaphierde，sċēap (“綿羊”)和hierde (“牧人”)的組詞，等同於現代sheep + herd (“牧人”)。

shepherds (third-person singular present)
shepherding (present participle)
shepherded (past participle)

在隊友拿球或正要拿球時，或在球即將彈出球門或出界時，阻撓對手拿球。


apparel

apparels (third-person singular present)
appareling (present participle)
apparelling (present participle)
appareled (past participle)
apparelled (past participle)

They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.

presently entered a baron and an earl appareled after the Turkish fashion in long robes of bawdkin powdered with gold

1881, Mark Twain, The Prince and the Pauper

配備、裝備、供給有……的

ships appareled to fight

trees appareled with flowers

a garden appareled with greenery


trickle

trickles (third-person singular present)
trickling (present participle)
trickled (past participle)

The doctor trickled some iodine on the wound.

医生在伤口上滴了一点碘。


toad

來自中古英語 tode、toode、tadde、tade，來自古英語 *tāde，古英語 tādie的短形式異體，tādiġe (“蟾蜍”)。對照古英語 tāxe (“蟾蜍”)。
與低地蘇格蘭語 tade、taid、taed、ted (“蟾蜍”)同源。對照丹麥語 tudse (“蟾蜍”)，可能起源自同一古老詞根；也對照瑞典語 tåssa、tossa (“蟾蜍”)、古英語 tāxe (“蟾蜍”)、古英語 tosca (“蟾蜍”)。

tode (alternative)
twoad (alternative)
toads (third-person singular present)
toading (present participle)
toaded (past participle)

將玩家從MUD等遊戲系統中永久驅逐


spearhead

spearheads (third-person singular present)
spearheading (present participle)
spearheaded (past participle)

发起，倡导，领导 （一次项目，一次活动等）

He spearheaded the entire project from day one.

他从第一天就开始领导整个项目。

Newcastle have put themselves within touching distance after a fantastic run which has been spearheaded by the goals of Senegal striker Cisse.

2012年April21日，Jonathan Jurejko，“Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

George Monks spearheaded the project to solve this problem with a funicular, and work on the Lynton & Lynmouth Cliff Railway (L&LCR) began in 1887.

2021年January13日，Dr Joseph Brennan，“Spectacular funiculars”, in RAIL, issue 922，頁 53:


scram

不详，动词可能派生自词源 1。有人认为其为“safety control rod actuator mechanism”、“safety control rod axe man”、“safety control rods activation mechanism”之类的缩写，不过大概率是逆向字母补齐得来的。
名词可能派生自动词

scrams (third-person singular present)
scraming (present participle)
scramming (present participle)
scramed (past participle)
scrammed (past participle)

使...紧急停堆 （指核反应堆）； 使...紧急停止，紧急叫停

The NCR [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] further demands the plant conform to all the safety requirements put into effect during construction. This means constant re-design. There must also be several ways to scram (emergency shut down) the reactor. Some of these are automatic and some are manual.

1976 December，Randy Warsaw，“Fermi II – A Plant Tour”, in The Michigan Technic，卷 XCV, 期 3, [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: College of Engineering, University of Michigan, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 15:

Startup of reactor recirculating pump resulted in flux spike scraming plant.

1978，“Appendix II—Answers to Written Questions Posed to Nuclear Regulatory Commission before the Hearings”, in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Requests: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Requests for an Increased Authorization for Fiscal Year 1978 and for a Fiscal Year 1979 Authorization of $330,000,000: […] (Serial No. 95-161)，Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁 794:

The slightest problem in a reactor will cause the control rods to plunge automatically in the uranium core at high speeds (this is called scramming the reactor) and stop the chain reaction.

1983，Nuclear Power, Both Sides: The Best Arguments for and against the Most Controversial Technology，New York, N.Y.: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton, →ISBN，頁 22:

Both active and manual methods scram by tripping power to a dedicated pump that unbalances the flows to the^([sic]) passively scram the reactor.

2000，Ralph R. Fullwood，“Analyzing Nuclear Reactor Safety Systems”, in Probabilistic Safety Assessment in the Chemical and Nuclear Industries，Boston, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, section 6.1.4.3 (ABB PIUS)，頁 218:

The reactor was then "scramed", but the control rods did not slide back into the reactor.

2007年June22日，Samuel Upton Newtan，“Nuclear Reactor Disasters: Part I: Stationary Reactors (Non-breeders)”, in Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century，Bloomington, Ind., Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire: AuthorHouse, →ISBN，頁 113:

Raising group eight rods and brining a nuclear reactor fully to life for the first time in nearly ten years—everyone was so ready they were all ready to pee in their pants. Andrews did not know he could do it without SCRAMing the reactor—in other words, pushing it into an automatic shutdown that might be too little too late.

2012年December12日，D. Michael Battey，章號 35, in Tenacity Gene，Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 174:


scram

动词是英语方言词scramb (“用手拉起；从地上抓起；用指甲、爪子挠；猛地拉下；撕开；撕咬；从地上捡起的一抓东西”)的一个变体，可能与荷蘭語 schrammen (“擦，划”)和德語 schrammen (“抓”)有关，参见词源 1。
名词派生自动词。

scrams (third-person singular present)
scramming (present participle)
scrammed (past participle)

scram [...] Verb. [...] 2. To scratch, with claws or fingernails. E.g. "It's my own fault the cat scrammed me, I was teasing it." [South Wales use]

[1996–2020，Ted Duckworth，“scram”, in A Dictionary of Slang，存檔自the original on 2013-08-30:

A woman has praised firefighters and her cat for saving her life following an alleged arson attack. Two-and-a-half-year-old tortoiseshell Taffy repeatedly bit owner Tracie Horgan-Hodgkiss on the hand until she woke up when her flat filled with acrid smoke in the early hours of this morning. [...] "I’d like to say thank you very much to the firefighters for coming to rescue me. And I am sorry that Taffy scrammed one of them!"

2013年December19日，Abby Bolter，“Firefighters Rescue Woman Trapped in Bridgend Flat following an Alleged Arson Attack”, in WalesOnline，存檔自the original on 2013-12-24:

（在已经开发过的矿道中）采零碎的矿石

Just west of this pit is another one, which has been nearly worked out; but three men are scramming about five tons per day in it.

1880，“Marquette Iron District”, in Annual Report of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics of the State of Michigan, for 1879，Lansing, Mich.: W. S. George & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 167:

Recently, Capt. Oliver, [...] set a couple of experienced miners to work scramming in this underground pit, when it was soon discovered that what the former mining captain had conceived to be a regular foot-wall, was, in fact, a thin shale of rock, which hid from view what now appears to be a very large body of clean blue ore.

1882，A. P. Swineford，“The Cyclops Mine”, in Annual Review of the Iron Mining and Other Industries of the Upper Peninsula for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 1881，[Marquette, Mich.]: Mining Journal, →OCLC，頁 141:


redeposit

redeposits (third-person singular present)
redepositing (present participle)
redeposited (past participle)


tapestry

源自中古英語 tapiestre，源自古法語 tapisserie (“绣帷”)。

tapestries (third-person singular present)
tapestrying (present participle)
tapestried (past participle)

用绣帷或绣帷一般的饰品来装饰

We had run above twenty miles when the sun set, carpeting the sea, and tapestrying the sky with a rare unison of delicate green and golden hues […]

1833，Adolphus Slade，Records of Travels in Turkey, Greece, &c., "Captain Pasha's Alarm"，頁 152:

The banqueting-hall, all open to the sky, and with thick curtains of ivy tapestrying the walls, and grass and weeds growing on the arches that overpass it, is indescribably beautiful.

1854年September13日，Nathaniel Hawthorne，English Note-Books, "Conway Castle":

I present Bosnavina to its Duchess, I kiss the hem of her Majesty's robe and will tapestry her Palace with conquered flags.

1921，Israel Zangwill，The Cockpit: Romantic Drama in Three Acts，頁 255:


toenail

toenails (third-person singular present)
toenailing (present participle)
toenailed (past participle)

以一定角度將釘子或螺釘釘入兩塊木板上，使兩塊木材固定在一起


scam

美国庆典俚语。可能源自scamp (“诈骗犯”)或愛爾蘭語 cam (“扭曲的”)。也可能源自丹麥語 skam。
“scam”在美国联邦调查局于1980年初开展的ABSCAM行动后向公众普及，其为一场针对政府官员的缉捕圈套。

scams (third-person singular present)
scamming (present participle)
scammed (past participle)

They tried to scam her out of her savings.


subdistrict

subdistricts (third-person singular present)
subdistricting (present participle)
subdistricted (past participle)


atrophy

借自法語 atrophie，源自拉丁語 atrophia，源自古希臘語 ἀτροφία (atrophía，“衰弱”)，源自ἄτροφος (átrophos，“营养不良的，饮食不足的”)，源自ἀ- (a-，“不”) + τροφή (trophḗ，“营养”)，源自τρέφω (tréphō，“使...变胖”)。等价于a- + -trophy。

atrophies (third-person singular present)
atrophying (present participle)
atrophied (past participle)

使...衰弱，弱化To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.

Cold silence has a tendency to atrophy any sense of compassion