snivel

古英語 *snyflan，还有记载作snyflung (“鼻涕，粘液”)，源自snofl，最终源自snout的词根。
与sniff、snuff有关。.

snivels (third-person singular present)
snivelling
sniveling
snivelled
sniveled

I, the Socman, am shorn of my lands that you may snivel Latin and eat bread for which you never did hand’s turn.

1891，Arthur Conan Doyle，章號 9, in The White Company:

‘Oh, hell! I’d snivel psalms to oblige the padre, but I can’t stick the way these damned native Christians come shoving into our church.’

1934 十月，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，“Chapter 2”, in Burmese Days，New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC:


Facebook

Facebooks (third-person singular present)
Facebooking (present participle)
Facebooked (past participle)

Facebook me the details later.

待會在臉書上把詳情發給我。


hand off

hands off (third-person singular present)
handing off (present participle)
handed off (past participle)


call out

call-out (alternative)
calls out (third-person singular present)
calling out (present participle)
called out (past participle)

summon

召集，召喚，命令投入服務

They call out 304 stainless steel in the drawing, but the part was made from aluminum.

他们在图纸中标注了 304 不锈钢，但该零件是由铝制成的。

召集，召喚，命令投入服務

The Governor called out the National Guard.

Ninety-nine Decision Street
Ninety-nine ministers meet
To worry, worry, super scurry
Call the troops out in a hurry

1984, Nena, 99 Red Balloons (lyrics written by Kevin McAlea)

You just call out my name / And you know wherever I am / I'll come running to see you again.

1971, Carole King, “You’ve Got A Friend”, Tapestry, Ode Records

He was very insulting. Finally Jack called him out and shut him up.

他非常侮辱人。最后杰克怼了他，让他闭嘴。

She called them out on their lies.

He added: "We've always had spin, especially from Government. But this is not spin. This is dishonesty and so it's our rail media's urgent responsibility to call it out because non-specialist journalists across the country will report this and gradually these untruths will be accepted.

2022年January26日，Paul Stephen，“Network News: Government's IRP claims condemned as "dishonest"”, in RAIL，期 949，頁 7:


slay

源自中古英語 sleen, slayn ← 古英語 slēan (“敲，擊，重打，殺，鍛造，衝撞，重踩，刺”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *slahaną (“打鬥，敲，殺”) ← 原始印歐語 *slak- (“擊，打，扔”)。與荷蘭語 slaan (“敲，擊，打”)、低地德語 slaan (“敲，擊，打”)、德語 schlagen (“敲，擊，打”)、丹麥語、挪威語, 瑞典語 slå (“敲，擊，打”)、冰島語 slá (“擊打”)同源。與slaughter、onslaught有關。

slays (third-person singular present)
slaying (present participle)
slew (past)
slayed (past)
slain (past participle)
slayed (past participle)
yslain (past participle)

另一種過去式及過去分詞“slayed”基本上用於俚語義“使人感覺良好、高興”：Harry Charles Witwer (1929年) Yes Man's Land，第 254 頁:“"Cutey, you slayed me !" grins Jackie, working fast. "I guess that's what made the rest of 'em look so bad — you was so good!"”

當然，其他義項也有使用“slayed”，但一般被視為是非標準用法。

根據COCA在美國2000年-2009年的調查中，“slayed”的使用普及度正在上升，但仍不如“slew”。BNC的調查則顯示，“slayed”在英國使用一直很少。

“slain”現在多用於新聞標題，因為比“murdered”短。


shut up

shuts up (third-person singular present)
shutting up (present participle)
shut up (past participle)

用祈使句時，是命令他人停止談論：一般認為這樣較為無理。偏中性的表達是"be quiet"。 Shut the fuck up （shut up的語氣增強）有罕見的縮略成 fuck up。

"You know the doctor's ways, sir," replied Poole, "and how he shuts himself up. Well, he's shut up again in the cabinet; and I don't like it, sir—I wish I may die if I like it. Mr. Utterson, sir, I'm afraid."

1886, 羅伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森, Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde:

I just heard that your wife was trying to shut you up for the insurance money.

我剛剛聽說你老婆想殺了你騙保險金。


manoeuvre

源自中古法語 manœuvre (“操作”)，manouvrer (“操作，調動”) ← 古法語 manovre (“體力勞動”) ← 中世紀拉丁語 manopera, manuopera (“手上工作”)，manu (“用手”) + operari (“工作”)，可能源自古法蘭克語 *handwerc (“手上工作”)。對比古英語 handweorc, 古英語 handġeweorc, 德語 Handwerk。

manoeuvres (third-person singular present)
manoeuvring (present participle)
manoeuvred (past participle)

maneuver的英國、加拿大、愛爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭拼寫法


YouTube

源自you + tube (“電視”，北美口語)，指使用者（你，“you”）可在該網站上載自己的電視（“tube”）內容。

YouTubes (third-person singular present)
YouTubing (present participle)
YouTubed (past participle)

將視頻上載到YouTube上

The revolution will not be televised. It will be YouTubed.

这场革命将不会被电视转播。（相反，）它将被上传到 YouTube 上。

2007年February5日，“Why YouTube gets my vote for political punditry”, in Guardian Unlimited:

在YouTube上搜尋及觀看視頻

Inquiry elicited that he was a pop singer. I YouTubed him, revealing another ghastly microphone-gripping, anguished nasal wailer.

搜索结果显示，他是一名流行歌手。我上 YouTube 看了他（的一些视频），里面传出的是另一个令人毛骨悚然、感到恐怖至极的痛苦嚎叫。

2015年April21日，Bob Jones，“Appetite for quirky fulfilled”, in Wanganui Chronicle:

If you don't know me, YouTube me, because soon the whole world is going to know me.
如果你不认识我，那就上 YouTube 搜我，因为马上全世界都会知道我的名字。

2017 Sammy Guevara Impact Wrestling July 20


parkour

parkours (third-person singular present)
parkouring (present participle)
parkoured (past participle)

They had parkoured seven roofs, clambered down a mango tree, and crossed over the bridge in the back of a donkey cart, unnoticed even by the driver.

2009年October19日，Stephen Davies，Hacking Timbuktu，Andersen Press, →ISBN, →OL, ch. 24:

The daring Ukrainian can be found on his website dangling off of tall buildings with one hand, scaling bridges and parkouring through urban landscapes in search of a personal thrill.

2013年March25日，Aaron Lindberg，“Death Defying Photos Of Mustang Wanted”, in Fstoppers:


singe

源自中古英語 sengen ← 古英語 senġan, sænċġan (“燒焦，烤糊”) ← 原始西日耳曼語 *sangijan (“燒焦，烤糊”) ← 原始印歐語 *senk- (“燒”)。與西弗里斯蘭語 singe, sinzje (“燒焦”), 薩特弗里斯蘭語 soange (“燒焦”), 荷蘭語 zengen (“燒焦，烤糊”), 德國低地德語 sengen (“燒焦”), 德語 sengen (“燒焦，烤糊”), 冰島語 sangur (“燒焦的，烤糊的”)同源。

singes (third-person singular present)
singeing (present participle)
singed (past participle)

I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass.

用熱火鉗/火焰燒焦皮毛以留下疤痕


rin

繼承自中古英語 rinnen，來自古英語 rinnan (“跑”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *rinnaną (“跑”)。run參見更多資訊。

rins (third-person singular present)
rinning (present participle)
ran (past)
run (past participle)

"Besides," he continued, "I'm no sure that I'm right in rinning—rinning! I'm no rinning , I'm ganging; weel then I'm no sure that I'm right doing a witch's errand, whether rinning or ganging, sae I'se stand still and consider it.[…]."

1836，Allan Cunningham，Lord Roldan，卷 1, John Macrone，頁 314:

O! gin I were where Gadie^([the name of a rivulet]) rins,

a. 1846，John Imlah，“Where Gadie rins”, in The Poets and Poetry of Scotland, Volume II，Harper & Brothers, 出版於 1876，頁 211:

I had a servant who had lived all his life-time within four miles of Plymouth, who told me of a circumstance which occurred to his mother, thus:— "Mawther ben out gatherin' nits, and when she kimbed hum she went to shet the shetters , and then she seed a man rin out of the dewr weth three spewns weth un, what he had stould, and away he rinned, and my mawther rinned arter un. 'Twas as fine a mewnlight night as cud be seed tew (too); an she cud see un stright on afore her; and hallowed tew she ded as lang as ever her wind beered up, and rinned and rinned; at laest she rinned un out of sight, and never goat the spewns she dedn't"

1879, I. T. Tregellas [John Tabois Tregellas], Peeps Into the Haunts and Homes of the Rural Population of Cornwall, Netherton & Worth (Truro), Houlston & Sons (London), page 3,


rickroll

2007年出現於4chan網站上，由 Rick + roll 組成，前者是歌手瑞克·艾斯里（Rick Astley）的名字，後者是則是引用了2005年該網站上把「egg」（蛋）替換成「duck」（鴨）的惡作劇，致使「eggroll」（蛋捲）變成了「duckroll」（鴨子捲）。

rick-roll (alternative)
rickrolls (third-person singular present)
rickrolling (present participle)
rickrolled (past participle)

瑞克搖；誤導某人點擊某個超連結，而那個超連結所指向的內容和其所聲稱的內容不同。起源於瑞克·艾斯里的歌曲《Never Gonna Give You Up》的YouTube影片。


nerf

nerfs (third-person singular present)
nerfing (present participle)
nerfed (past participle)


nerf

源自玩具品牌 Nerf 。

gimp

對角色、武器、技能等的削弱

對角色、武器、技能等的削弱

The lightning spell was originally pretty powerful, but in the sequel they nerfed it so it became completely useless.

閃電法術原來很厲害的，但是後來被削了，就徹底沒用了。

Tesla nerfs Autopilot in Europe due to new regulations

2019年May17日，Fred Lambert，Electrek, retrieved 2019-05-19:


teek

teeks (third-person singular present)
teeking (present participle)
teeked (past participle)

Tears of pain came to his eyes—and he didn’t know which hurt more, the pain of the soup on his arm or the real shock he had received when he had forced himself to keep from teeking the falling soup halfway across the room.

1957年April13日，Robert Silverberg，“Hidden Talent”, in Worlds of If，頁 27:


op

ops (third-person singular present)
opping (present participle)
opped (past participle)

deop

推薦……成為聊天室管理員

推薦……成為聊天室管理員

True, better clients will remember that a person had a voice before they were opped and will return the + when they are deopped, but that doesn't solve the problem. Suppose someone joins the room after the user is opped and before the user is deopped.

1999, "Cory McWilliams", IRC Oddities (on newsgroup alt.irc)


dispose of

disposes of (third-person singular present)
disposing of (present participle)
disposed of (past participle)

They disposed of the stolen property.

The national power committee has trouble disposing of nuclear waste.

國家能源委員會在處理核廢料上出現了問題。

The Commission may not be able to assess the reliability of the data provided by Member States and may not dispose of independent information sources.

委員會可能無法評估成員國所提供的數據，也沒有獨立的數據來源。


out-Byzantine

out-Byzantines (third-person singular present)
out-Byzantining (present participle)
out-Byzantined (past participle)

Although Ambassador Korry had admonished the president that “trying to out-Byzantine” the emperor “would be futile and counterproductive” and that Kennedy therefore should “spell out details of the U.S. program and justification from the start,” Washington tried to outsmart HIM […]

2011, Theodore Vestal, The Lion of Judah in the New World, page 127:


stump

源自中古英語 stumpe, stompe (“樹樁”)，源自或與中古低地德語 stump (“樹樁”)有關，源自原始日耳曼語 *stumpaz (“樹樁，末端，砍下的部分”)。與中古荷蘭語 stomp (“樹樁”), 古高地德語 stumph (“樹樁”) (德語 Stumpf), 古諾爾斯語 stumpr (“樹樁”)同源。參見stop。

stumps (third-person singular present)
stumping (present participle)
stumped (past participle)

為競選活動而跨區/州發表演講


take hostage

takes hostage (third-person singular present)
taking hostage (present participle)
took hostage (past)
taken hostage (past participle)


plancher

planchers (third-person singular present)
planchering (present participle)
planchered (past participle)


eviscerate

源自拉丁語 ēviscerātus，ēviscerāre (“除去...的内脏”)的过去分词，源自e- (“出去”) + viscera (“肠子”)。

eviscerates (third-person singular present)
eviscerating (present participle)
eviscerated (past participle)

/ɪˈvɪsəˌɹeɪt/

摧毁，粉碎；使...徒劳，使...白费

移除，切除（脏器或其内容物）


allot

源自中古英語 allotten，源自古法語 aloter（現代法語 allotir）。

allots (third-person singular present)
allotting (present participle)
allotted (past participle)

Each candidate was allotted five minutes to make a presentation in front of the judges.

每名候選人都有五分鐘時間在評判員面前做報告。


poz

pozzes (third-person singular present)
pozzing (present participle)
pozzed (past participle)

However it’s hard to tell the truth from fantasy in the chats, which don’t include Boone talking of killing anyone, defence lawyer Ian Carter put to Lapointe. “During these hundreds of pages as part of that sexual fantasy of chasing, stealthing, pozzing or whatever you want to call it, he never indicates he wants to kill anyone?” Ian Carter asked her. “That’s correct,” said Lapointe, noting Boone does talk about giving people HIV and people dying of the disease.

2012年October15日，Megan Gillis，“'Poz' lover lied to fulfill fantasy”, in Ottawa Sun:

Boone discussed his criminal exploits and said he became sexually aroused by “stealth pozzing,” or infecting unsuspecting partners.

2016年March9日，Gary Dimmock，“'Poz vampire' gets 9 years for attempted murder”, in Ottawa Sun:

He talked about his ex possibly giving him an STD. The medicines in the cabinet. And the incubation period seemed to fit the timeline. My heart stopped for a second. What if he pozzed me? It was a horrifying thought, and it consumed me

2018，Scott Farrell，Scott Farrell's Biography, or, Triumph, Tears, and Tales of the Stage，頁 256:

What on earth happened to the gallant tradition of “pozzing”: making positive remarks? What’s wrong with single guys going up to women in clubs to shout above the loud music, “Your delicate beauty has captured my heart” before presenting them with a single rose? But no.

2015年January21日，Peter Bradshaw，“A brief history of pozzing and negging”, in The Guardian:


rear-end

rear-ends (third-person singular present)
rear-ending (present participle)
rear-ended (past participle)


vlog

vlogs (third-person singular present)
vlogging (present participle)
vlogged (past participle)

發佈（內容）到視頻博客上


rog

源自中古英語 roggen, ruggen，rokken的變體，源自古英語 roccian。

rogs (third-person singular present)
rogging (present participle)
rogged (past participle)


advertise

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 avertir (“告知”)、advertir、中古法語 advertir、avertir (“警告，通報”)，詞尾為-ise、-ize，可能受名詞advertisement的影響。對比advert。

advertises (third-person singular present)
advertising (present participle)
advertised (past participle)

做……的廣告 （自19世紀）

Socrates being advertiſed, that the God of wiſdome, had attributed the name of wiſe vnto him, was thereat much aſtoniſhed, and diligently ſearching and rouzing vp himſelf, and ranſaking the very ſecrets of his heart, found no foundation or ground for his divine ſentence.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，“An Apologie of Raymond Sebond”, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC，頁 288:

[…] I am daily advertiſed by ſeveral friends and correſpondents from Oxford, that I have omitted many particulars, which it is proper to animadvert upon, in order to compleat the Secret Hiſtory of that place; and I have therefore, in compliance with their requeſt, reſolved to reſume this work, and continue to publiſh ſome part of it every Act-Term, till the whole is finiſhed, and the ſubject fully exhauſted: […]

1726，Terræ Filius [pseudonym; Nicholas Amherst]，“[The Dedication]”, in Terræ-Filius: Or, the Secret History of the University of Oxford; in Several Essays. To which are Added, Remarks upon a Late Book, Entitled, University Education, by R. Newton, D.D. Principal of Hart-Hall. In Two Volumes，第2nd版, 卷 I, London: Printed for R. Francklin, under Tom's Coffee-House, in Russel-Street, Covent-Garden, →OCLC，頁 xi:


advert

源自中古英語 adverten，源自古法語 advertir (“注意”)，源自拉丁語 advertere (“轉向”)。參見adverse。

adverts (third-person singular present)
adverting (present participle)
adverted (past participle)

把注意力轉移到；注意到 （15–19世紀）


treat

源自中古英語 treten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 treter、古法語 tretier、traiter，源自拉丁語 trāctare (“拉”)，源自trahere (“拖，拉”)的過去分詞詞幹。

treats (third-person singular present)
treating (present participle)
treated (past participle)

在北英格蘭的一些方言，過去式和過去分詞用 tret (/tɹɛt/)。

講述，談論 （自14世紀）

The article treated feminism as a quintessentially modern movement.

這篇文章認為女性主義是典型的現代運動。

懇求，乞求 （14-17世紀）

Only let my family live, I treat thee.

我乞求他們，至少讓我的家人活下來。

對待，看待 （自14世紀）

You treated me like a fool.

She was tempted to treat the whole affair as a joke.

她很想將整件事情當做笑話看待。

給某人提供（吃喝）；招待，請客 （自16世紀）

I treated my son to some popcorn in the interval.

中場休息時，我給兒子吃了點爆米花。

I've done so well this month, I'll treat you all to dinner (or Dinner is my treat.)

我這個月幹得還行，我請大家吃頓飯吧。

My husband treated me to a Paris holiday for our anniversary.

作為結婚紀念日禮物，老公帶我去巴黎度了個假。

They treated me for malaria.

We treated firefighters suffering from smoke inhalation, giving them oxygen to breathe and albuterol mist to help open their airways.

2018，Sandeep Jauhar，Heart: a History, →ISBN，頁 204:

He treated the substance with sulphuric acid.

I treated the photo somewhat to make the colours more pronounced.

我稍微處理了一下照片，使其顏色更加明顯。


let down

lets down (third-person singular present)
letting down (present participle)
let down (past participle)

他們放下了繩子，於是我把籃子繫在了繩子上。

They let down the rope and I fastened it to the basket.

我答應他我會在那裡同他見面，我不會讓他失望。

I promised him I would meet him there, and I will not let him down.


lenite

lenites (third-person singular present)
leniting (present participle)
lenited (past participle)


adjure

源自中古英語 adjuren，源自拉丁語 adiūrō (“鄭重請求”)，源自ad- (“近，朝，向”) + iūrō (“發誓”)。

adjures (third-person singular present)
adjuring (present participle)
adjured (past participle)

Party members are adjured to promote awareness of this problem.

鄭重呼籲黨員提升對這項問題的重視。

`Then tell to me, and this great company, the tale whereof I have heard.' Thus adjured, I, in as few words as I could, related the history of the cannibal feast, and of the attempted torture of our poor servant.

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:

The Rabbis adjured her to endow the young man with his former virility, but she vehemently refused to do so.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 50:


hypercorrect

hypercorrects (third-person singular present)
hypercorrecting (present participle)
hypercorrected (past participle)

把詞語或短語糾正過頭成錯誤的形式

I use reduplicate to mean redouble, though both words should mean quadruple, but English is funny that way, so hold off on the hypercorrecting gotcha!

2007年October28日，William Safire，“And Now This”, in New York Times:


scimitar

最早見於1548年。源自中古法語 cimeterre或直接源自意大利語 scimitarra，可能通過一鄂圖曼土耳其語詞語，源自波斯語 شمشیر (šamšir，“劍”)。

scimitars (third-person singular present)
scimitaring (present participle)
scimitared (past participle)


seduce

借自拉丁語 sēdūcō (“迷路，誤入歧途”)，源自sē- (“離開”) + dūcō (“帶領”)；參見duct。對比adduce、conduce、deduce等。

seduces (third-person singular present)
seducing (present participle)
seduced (past participle)

Your father was seduced by the dark side of The Force.

1983，Lawrence Kasdan, George Lucas，Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi:

"Mrs. Robinson, are you trying to seduce me?"
"Do you want me to seduce you?"

1967，Calder Willingham, Buck Henry，The Graduate:

He had repeatedly seduced the girl in his car, hotels and his home.

他多次與那個女孩在他車上、賓館裡、他家裡發生性關係。

He was seduced by the bright lights and glamour of the city.

他被那座城市的明亮燈光和獨特魅力所吸引。


sinch

sinches (third-person singular present)
sinching (present participle)
sinched (past participle)


sked

schedule第一個音節的重拼。

skeds (third-person singular present)
skedding (present participle)
skedded (past participle)

Actually NBC and other webs have used similar devices in the past, particularly during the war, when net used plattered segments for its news and documentary stanzas. As far as can be determined, however, this is the first post-war instance in which the net has allowed even a partial plattering of a regularly skedded commercial stanza.

1957年December30日，“NBC Breaks Wax Rule for Hope's Britain Shows”, in Billboard，卷 59, 期 45，頁 5:


slacken

slackens (third-person singular present)
slackening (present participle)
slackened (past participle)

During this interlude, Warwick, though he had slackened his pace measurably, had so nearly closed the gap between himself and them as to hear the old woman say, with the dulcet negro intonation: […]

1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I:

Elk slackened the rope so he could walk farther away, and together they went awkwardly up the trail toward the grassy little flat...


sliver

源自中古英語 slivere, sliver，源自中古英語 sliven (“切，使裂開”)，源自古英語 slīfan（參見tōslīfan (“使裂開，使分開”)）。

slivers (third-person singular present)
slivering (present participle)
slivered (past participle)

to sliver wood

slips of yew,
Sliver'd in the moon's eclipse

c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:


smack

源自中古英語 smac、smak、smacke，源自古英語 smæc、smæċċ (“味道”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *smakkuz (“味道”)，源自原始印歐語 *smegʰ-、*smeg- (“品嘗”)。與方言smatch、低地蘇格蘭語 smak (“味道，香味，氣味”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Smoak (“味道”)、西弗里斯蘭語 smaak (“味道”)、荷蘭語 smaak (“味道”)、德語 Schmack、Geschmack (“味道”)、瑞典語、挪威語 smak (“味道”)、挪威語 smekke同源。類似古英語 smæċċan (“品嘗”)。參見smake、smatch。

smacks (third-person singular present)
smacking (present participle)
smacked (past participle)

He soon smacked the taste of physic hidden in this sweetness.

1827, Thomas Carlyle (translator), Johann August Musæus, "Melechsala" (1782-86); in German Romance I. 175


snooze

未知。對比荷蘭語 snoezelen。

snoozes (third-person singular present)
snoozing (present participle)
snoozed (past participle)

It enables you to dismiss the reminder, dismiss all reminders, open the highlighted item in the Reminder dialog, and snooze the reminder. Snoozing a reminder is similar to hitting the snooze button on an alarm clock […]

2003, Ken Slovak, Absolute Beginner's Guide to Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 (page 110)

Let's say you want to see all your reminders, but you don't want it to be too easy to snooze the ones for important items.

2007, Sue Mosher, Microsoft Outlook 2007 Programming (page 359)

To snooze the phone, press and release the power button.

2011, Dan Gookin, Bill Loguidice, Motorola ATRIX For Dummies (page 40)


put to bed

puts to bed (third-person singular present)
putting to bed (present participle)
put to bed (past participle)

同類詞：go to bed

Mame Diouf missed a chance to put the game to bed when he fired straight at Carson.

2010年December28日，Kevin Darling，“West Brom 1 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC:

I hope we can put those doubts to bed.

我希望我們能消除這些疑惑。


drop off

drops off (third-person singular present)
dropping off (present participle)
dropped off (past participle)

寄，送，帶；允許乘客離開

Can you drop the kids off at school?

你能把孩子們送到學校嗎？

I'll drop off your books when I see you tonight.

今晚我見你的時候會把你的書帶過來。

After dropping off travellers at Foregate Street, my train terminates at Shrub Hill - a station which boasts one of the best selection [sic] of semaphore signals left in the country.

2020年December2日，Paul Bigland，“My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail，頁 67:


pass over

passes over (third-person singular present)
passing over (present participle)
passed over (past participle)

繞過 (某物)；略過（某物）。

過境；穿過或橫越（某物）。

It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 8, in The China Governess:


awaken

來自中古英語 awakenen或awaknen，來自古英語 awæcnan或awæcnian，來自a- 加上wæcnan或wæcnian。

awakens (third-person singular present)
awakening (present participle)
awakened (past participle)

由於經常與 awake 混淆，本詞也承襲了一些 awake 的變位，即簡單過去式和過去分詞分別變成 awoke 和 awoken。

She awakened him by ringing the bell.


wake up

wakes up (third-person singular present)
waking up (present participle)
woke up (past)
waked up (past)
woken up (past participle)
waked up (past participle)

Wake your brother up; it's time for school.

叫醒你哥哥/弟弟；現在該上學了。

It had been his intention to go to Wimbledon, but as he himself said: “Why be blooming well frizzled when you can hear all the results over the wireless.[…]You stand by, Janet, and wake me up if they do any of that running commentary stuff.”

1935，George Goodchild，章號 3, in Death on the Centre Court:


emojify

emojifies (third-person singular present)
emojifying (present participle)
emojified (past participle)

Writing in particular has been re-mediated in contemporary culture in ways that largely entangle words in images, with images gaining ascendancy. Apple's 2016 announcement of a new texting feature that allows writers to emojify their texts is only the latest development in this larger shift.

2018，Teresa Berger，“Virtual “stuff”: Materiality – visuality – soundscapes”, in @ Worship: Liturgical Practices in Digital Worlds (Liturgy, Worship and Society)，London: Routledge, →ISBN，頁 55:


sortie

借自法語 sortie (“出口，結束”)。

sorties (third-person singular present)
sortying (present participle)
sortieing (present participle)
sortied (past participle)


strangle

源自中古英語 stranglen，源自古法語 estrangler，源自拉丁語 strangulō, strangulāre，源自古希臘語 στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai，“勒死”)，源自στραγγάλη (strangálē，“韁繩”)；對比στραγγός (strangós，“彎曲的”)。代替中古英語 wirien、awurien (“勒死”)（> 英語 worry）。

strangles (third-person singular present)
strangling (present participle)
strangled (past participle)

He strangled his wife and dissolved the body in acid.

他把妻子掐死，再用酸來溶解她的身體。

She strangled a scream.


suds

源自sud的複數，sod (“泡沫”)的變體，等同於sud + -s。與seethe有關。

sudses (third-person singular present)
sudsing (present participle)
sudsed (past participle)

We sudsed the car before washing it down until it gleamed like new.

我們用肥皂塗滿全車，沖洗之後就像新的一樣閃閃發亮。


hide away

hides away (third-person singular present)
hiding away (present participle)
hid away (past)
hidden away (past participle)

將一些東西儲藏或貯存至秘密地點。

‘It's rather like a beautiful Inverness cloak one has inherited. Much too good to hide away, so one wears it instead of an overcoat and pretends it's an amusing new fashion.’

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 5, in The China Governess:


take out

takes out (third-person singular present)
taking out (present participle)
took out (past)
taken out (past participle)

通過法律或其他官方手段獲取

take out a loan;  take out medical insurance;  take out a membership;  take out a patent

獲得貸款；獲得醫療保險；取得成員資格；取得專利

Southwark council, which took out the injunction against Matt, believes YouTube has become the "new playground" for gang members.

2012年April19日，Josh Halliday，“Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian:


tinder

源自中古英語 tinder、tunder、tender、tonder，源自古英語 tynder，源自原始日耳曼語 *tundrą、*tundrǭ (“火絨”)。對比薩特弗里斯蘭語 Tunder (“火絨”)、荷蘭語 tonder (“火絨”)、德語 zünden (“點燃”)、瑞典語 tända (“照亮，點燃”)。參見tind。

tinders (third-person singular present)
tindering (present participle)
tindered (past participle)


taw

源自中古英語 tawen，源自古英語 tawian (“做，製作”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *tawjaną (“製作，準備”)，源自原始印歐語 *dewh₂- (“繫”)。
與荷蘭語 touwen (“繫，拴”)、荷蘭語 tuien (“用繩子繫”)、德語 Tau (“繩，索，攬”)、哥特語 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan，“製作，準備”)同源。與tool、tether有關。

taws (third-person singular present)
tawing (present participle)
tawed (past participle)

用明礬、鹽和其他配料等浸泡獸皮，以漂白和軟化 把獸皮製成皮革，通常要浸泡在特定的溶液中


squabble

起於17世紀初，可能源自北日耳曼語支，與瑞典語方言詞 skvabbel (“爭吵，流言”)、skvappa (“批評，訓斥”)、挪威語方言詞 skvabba (“閒扯”)、德語方言詞 schwabbeln (“嘮叨”)有關。

squabbles (third-person singular present)
squabbling (present participle)
squabbled (past participle)


terve

源自中古英語 terven、tervien，源自古英語 *tyrfian (“扔下，落下”)（用於ġetyrfan、ġetyrfian (“攻擊，投擲”)、ġetorfian (“扔石頭”)），源自原始日耳曼語 *tirbijaną、*tarbijaną (“旋轉，扔”)，源自原始印歐語 *derbʰ- (“纏繞，旋轉”)。與古高地德語 zerben (“旋轉”)同源。中古英語中見於overterven、toppe overterve > topsytervy > topsyturvy。對比tervy、tirfe。

terves (third-person singular present)
terving (present participle)
terved (past participle)


set free

sets free (third-person singular present)
setting free (present participle)
set free (past participle)

"Well, you can tell Nan that she won't marry Peter Mallory with my consent. I'll never set her free to be another man's wife."

1921, Margaret Pedler, The Moon Out Of Reach, ch. 36:


turn over

turns over (third-person singular present)
turning over (present participle)
turned over (past participle)

They turned over the evidence to the authorities.

But what is to be done with our manufacturing population […] This one thing, of doing for them by ‘underselling all people,’ and filling our own bursten pockets and appetites by the road; and turning over all care for any ‘population,’ or human or divine consideration except cash only, to the winds, with a “Laissez-faire” and the rest of it: this is evidently not the thing.

1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. IX, Working Aristocracy

They can turn over about three hundred units per hour.

他們每小時能完成三百個單元。

The business turned over £1m last year.

去年這項生意產生了100萬英鎊的利潤。

Thus they dwelled for nearly a year, and in that time Robin Hood often turned over in his mind many means of making an even score with the Sheriff

1883, Howard Pyle, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood Chapter V

通過手柄旋轉內燃機引擎的曲軸，以使其運轉

The Giants didn't turn the ball over in their last four games.

在最後四場比賽中，巨人隊都沒有放棄控球。

I've turned over the whole place, but I still can't find my glasses.

我翻遍了整塊地方，都沒能找到我的眼鏡。

Thieves turned over the apartment while the owners were away on holiday.

趁著房主度假，竊賊們翻亂了整個公寓。


turn upside down

turn upside-down (alternative)
turns upside down (third-person singular present)
turning upside down (present participle)
turned upside down (past participle)

Turn the box upside down and look at the bottom.

把盒子翻轉過來，看看它的底部。

They turned the house upside down looking for the car keys.

他們翻遍了整間屋子來找車鑰匙。


sharpen

源自中古英語 scharpenen、scharpnen，等同於sharp + -en。

sharpens (third-person singular present)
sharpening (present participle)
sharpened (past participle)

削尖，磨鋒利； 加強，加重

to sharpen a pencil or a knife or a musical note

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives.[…]who, if anyone, is policing their use. Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.

2013年July26日，Leo Hickman，“How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:


traduce

源自拉丁語 trādūcō (“玷辱”)，源自trāns + dūcō (“領導，帶領”)。

traduces (third-person singular present)
traducing (present participle)
traduced (past participle)

“I am earnestly desirous then, my dear Sir, that you should let the world into the traits of your genuine character, as civil broils may otherwise tend to disguise or traduce it.

1793，Benjamin Franklin，The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, §33:

However therefore this complexion was first acquired, it is evidently maintained by generation, and by the tincture of the skin as a spermatical part traduced from father unto son ….

1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, X:

From Davenant down to Dumas, from the Englishman who improved Macbaeth to the Frenchman who traduced into the French of Paris four acts of Hamlet, and added a new fifth act of his own, Shakespeare has been disturbed in a way he little thought of when he menacingly provided for the repose of his bones.

1865, "The Last of the Tercentenary", Temple Bar, vol. XIII, Mar 1865:


tranche

借自法語 tranche，源自trancher (“切”)，源自古法語 trenchier (“切”)，可能源自通俗拉丁語 *trinicāre (“切成三份”)。與英語 trench同源。

tranches (third-person singular present)
tranching (present participle)
tranched (past participle)


stir-fry

stir-fries (third-person singular present)
stir-frying (present participle)
stir-fried (past participle)

炒，用鐵鍋或平底鍋的料理方式。


scotch

源自中古英語 scocchen (“剪切”)，可能源自盎格魯-諾曼語 escocher (“砍，切”)，源自es- (程度加强前缀)（源自拉丁語 ex-）+ 古法語 coche (“切”)。与Scotch无关。

scotches (third-person singular present)
scotching (present participle)
scotched (past participle)

We have scotched the snake, not killed it.

c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

The rain scotched his plans of going to the beach.

下雨让他去海滩的计划泡汤了。

The prime minister scotched rumors of his resignation.

首相否认了他要辞职的传言。

The workers stopped the rig on an incline and scotched the wheels.

The pantechnicon was running away. It had perceived the wrath to come and was fleeing. Its guardians had evidently left it imperfectly scotched or braked, and it had got loose.

1911, Arnold Bennett, The Card: A Story of Adventure in the Five Towns, London: Methuen Publishing, OCLC 492063506; republished Toronto, Ont.: William Briggs, 1910s, OCLC 225424669, page 69:


misimplement

misimplements (third-person singular present)
misimplementing (present participle)
misimplemented (past participle)

不正確或拙劣的執行；誤用。


venge

源自中古英語 vengen，源自古法語 venger，源自拉丁語 vindicare (“報仇，復仇”)。

venges (third-person singular present)
venging (present participle)
venged (past participle)

For right as they han venged hem on me and doon me wrong, right so shal I venge me upon hem and doon hem wrong;

c. 1387，Geoffrey Chaucer，Canterbury Tales, Tale of Melibee § 30:

To safeguard thine own life / The best way is to venge my Gloucester's death.

c. 1595，William Shakespeare，Richard II, Act 1, scene 2:


incent

incents (third-person singular present)
incenting (present participle)
incented (past participle)

在《美國當代英語語料庫》（COCA）中，不及 incentivize 常用。
對於個人行動上，比 incentivize 稍用得多。

刺激，激勵，鼓勵（人或組織）。

We need to incent people to innovate more.

我們需要鼓勵人們更多地創新。

We try to incent people to do it earlier, which levels the load.

2007年February24日，Damon Darlin，“At Intuit, What Comes After Taxes?”, in New York Times:

incent investors to manage assets with a long-term perspective

2010年June24日，Al Gore and David Blood，“Toward Sustainable Capitalism”, in Wall Street Journal:

給……（事物）以刺激，激勵。

We need to incent more innovation.

我們需要激勵出更多的創新。

DUNCAN: The more we can reward excellence, the more we can incent excellence, the more we can get our best teachers to work in those hard to staff schools

2009年January13日，Arne Duncan，“Duncan Lays Out Positions in Confirmation Hearing”, in WBEZ Chicago Public Radio:


win over

wins over (third-person singular present)
winning over (present participle)
won over (past participle)

If the truth doesn't win him over, perhaps charm will.

如果真相無法說服他，或許魅力可以。

Despite his ill-fated spell at Anfield, he received a warm reception from the same Liverpool fans he struggled to win over before being sacked midway through last season.

2012年April22日，Sam Sheringham，“Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:

For trains to play a major role in reducing carbon and other pollutants through modal shift, the railway will have to do more to win over the growing proportion of non-captive passengers who will have the choice of whether or not to use rail over other modes.

2021年July14日，Anthony Lambert，“Grand designs on superior interiors”, in RAIL，期 935，頁 49:


supplicate

借自拉丁語 supplicat-，supplicō的分詞詞幹，源自sub- + plicō (“彎曲”)。

supplicates (third-person singular present)
supplicating (present participle)
supplicated (past participle)

請求，乞求，懇求（某人）

to supplicate blessings on Christian efforts to spread the gospel

為基督徒傳播福音的努力祈求祝福

to supplicate the Deity


abscind

abscinds (third-person singular present)
abscinding (present participle)
abscinded (past participle)

切断，切除，切掉；割掉，割去。


abscise

源自拉丁語 abscīsus，abscīdō (“切除”)的完成被動分詞，源自abs- + caedō (“切”)。

abscises (third-person singular present)
abscising (present participle)
abscised (past participle)


accouche

accouches (third-person singular present)
accouching (present participle)
accouched (past participle)


touch up

touches up (third-person singular present)
touching up (present participle)
touched up (past participle)

Use a small brush to touch up the paint anywhere it is uneven.

用小刷子来小修一下油漆上不均匀的地方。

The creep was trying to touch up my girlfriend.

那个变态想猥亵我的女朋友。


strafe

源自德語 strafe (“惩罚”)（strafen的变位形式），源自“Gott strafe England”（“上帝惩罚英格兰！”）等英国人在第一次世界大战期间见到的短语。

strafes (third-person singular present)
strafing (present participle)
strafed (past participle)


sabo

sabos (third-person singular present)
saboing (present participle)
saboed (past participle)

給……造成麻煩，破壞，搗亂


annunciate

annunciates (third-person singular present)
annunciating (present participle)
annunciated (past participle)


cotton-wool

cotton-wools (third-person singular present)
cotton-wooling (present participle)
cotton-wooled (past participle)


show the ropes

shows the ropes (third-person singular present)
showing the ropes (present participle)
showed the ropes (past)
shown the ropes (past participle)

教给...基础，帮...熟悉基础

When I got there, Bill showed me the ropes

我刚来的时候，Bill帮我指点了基础。

Bill showed the ropes to the new guy.

Bill给新人指点了基础。

Mr. Danzinger sent other roomers for Fonville to show the ropes.


squirt

源自中古英語 squirten、squyrten，源頭不明；可能是擬聲詞。類似swirl。對比低地德語 swirtjen。

squirts (third-person singular present)
squirting (present participle)
squirted (past participle)

It can squirt this poison in jets up to a distance of one metre and usually aims at the eyes of its victim.

1985, The Living Australia, Dangerous Australians: The Complete Guide to Australia′s Most Deadly Creatures, 2002, Murdoch Books, page 88,

When administering the medication, the RN should place the syringe tip along the side of the mouth and slowly squirt the medicine toward the buccal vestibule, not toward the throat.

2005, Lisa Heard, NancyRayhorn, 8: Pediatric Sedation, Jan Odom-Forren, Donna Watson, Practical Guide To Moderate Sedation/Analgesia, 2nd Edition, page 171,

Use a dropper and squirt the desired amount in the side of the child′s mouth.

2011, James Balch, Mark Stengler, Prescription for Natural Cures, unnumbered page,

（用速度快的水流或其他液體）向……噴射

Ask the child to squirt the target with water.

2010, Christy Isbell, Mighty Fine Motor Fun: Fine Motor Activities for Young Children, page 81,


deep-fry

deep-fries (third-person singular present)
deep-frying (present participle)
deep-fried (past participle)


atomize

atomizes (third-person singular present)
atomizing (present participle)
atomized (past participle)

使分裂成小塊或細化的概念

An organism is then atomized into 'traits' and these traits are explained as structures optimally designed by natural selection for their functions.

1979, Gould, Stephen J., and Richard C. Lewontin. "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 205: p. 585:


outdebate

outdebates (third-person singular present)
outdebating (present participle)
outdebated (past participle)


subvert

源自中古英語 subverten，源自古法語 subvertir，源自拉丁語 subvertō (“推翻”，字面意思是“翻轉”)。

subverts (third-person singular present)
subverting (present participle)
subverted (past participle)

This would be to subvert the principles and foundations of all knowledge.

:Template:RQ:Locke Human Understanding, Book IV, Chapter XVIII

A dictator stays in power only as long as he manages to subvert the will of his people.

獨裁者只有使人民的意志背叛才能繼續掌權。


shoehorn

shoehorns (third-person singular present)
shoehorning (present participle)
shoehorned (past participle)

/ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/

把……（強行）塞進，插入，擠入

I shoehorned his dozen burgeoning bags into the backseat of my tiny car, and off we went.

我把他那一堆脹鼓鼓的行李塞進我小車的後座，然後我們就出發了。

His staff want to shoehorn an extra stop into his already packed campaigning schedule.

他的工作人員想在已經排得滿滿的行程表中再多塞進一站。

A member of Mr Monti’s government admitted that, barring a hung parliament, it was impossible for the moment to see how Mr Monti could be shoehorned into politics after next spring.

2012, The Economist, Oct 13th 2012 issue, Italian politics: Who will be Italy’s next prime minister?

強行將某事與另一（不相干的）事物相關聯（尤其在其為謬誤時）

People claiming to be psychic may shoehorn an event into fulfillment of some vague past prediction.

聲稱自己是靈媒的人，可能會強行把某事與其過去作出的模糊預測相關聯。

After the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, fundamentalist Christian evangelists Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson shoehorned the events to their agenda. They claimed that "liberal civil liberties groups, feminists, homosexuals and abortion rights supporters bear partial responsibility...because their actions have turned [my] god's anger against America."

在2001年9月11日世貿中心和五角大樓遭受恐怖襲擊後，基督教原教旨主義福音派人士 Jerry Falwell 和 Pat Robertson 把這件事也提上了自己的議程。他們宣稱“自由派公民團體、女性主義者、同性戀和墮胎權利支持者應當承擔部分責任……因為他們的行動引起[我的]上帝對美國產生了憤怒。”

2015年April5日，Robert Todd Carroll，“Shoehorning”, in The Skeptic's Dictionary:


give back

gives back (third-person singular present)
giving back (present participle)
gave back (past)
given back (past participle)

Give me back my book!

We organize this Thanksgiving dinner at the old-age home to give back to the community.

為回饋社區，我們在老人院舉辦這次的感恩節晚餐。


undam

undams (third-person singular present)
undamming (present participle)
undammed (past participle)

擺脫（物理或抽象意義上的）障礙


igg

ignore 的截斷形式。

ig (alternative)
iggy (alternative)
iggs (third-person singular present)
igging (present participle)
igged (past participle)

But not knowing my own mind, I made it hard for Mabel, keeping late hours, igging her, and playing Cherie. Then, one day while Mabel was at work, I packed my clothes and left.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1953, Langston Hughes, ‘Simple Takes a Wife’, in 2002, Donna Sullivan Harper (editor), The Collected Works of Langston Hughes: The Early Simple Stories, Volume 7, page 202,

I mean you can know that the little yalla boys and girls or the med and dent students are “igging” you and be igged and conscious (to the degree you are conscious) of it, […]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1984, Imamu Amiri Baraka, The autobiography of LeRoi Jones, page 95,

I was tryin' to give it back to him, but he doesn't speak to me anymore. I keep trying.. but he keeps iggin' me.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

Ig is obsolete. Ig always conveyed an action and an attitude. At one time, to be igged was the worst attitude someone could convey to you without directly speaking to you. It was an insult, a slight. But being igged has lost its weight.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2003, Marlene Kim Connor, What Is Cool?: Understanding Black Manhood in America, page 14,


tin-plate

tin-plates (third-person singular present)
tin-plating (present participle)
tin-plated (past participle)


spank

spanks (third-person singular present)
spanking (present participle)
spanked (past participle)

Spurs had a free-kick on the edge of the Liverpool box. Érik Lamela spanked it low into the wall, got the ball back, played it out to Christian Eriksen.

2018 September 15, Barney Ronay, The Guardian, Finely tuned Liverpool are really getting into Jürgen Klopp’s groove:


akill

akills (third-person singular present)
akilling (present participle)
akilled (past participle)

禁止（用戶）進入IRC服務器，使該用戶在以後嘗試連接時自動斷開連接。


exhilarate

源自拉丁語 exhilarāre (“使...高兴，使...欢快”)，源自ex- (“出，离”)（源自原始印歐語 *h₁eǵʰs (“外”)） + hilarāre，hilarō (“鼓舞，使...高兴”)的现在时不定式，源自hilaris (“愉快的，轻松的，活泼的”)（源自古希臘語 ἱλαρός (hilarós，“高兴的，愉快的”)，源自ἵλαος (hílaos，“亲切的，吉祥的”)，源自原始印歐語 *sōlh₂- (“宽慰，宽容”)）。

exhilarates (third-person singular present)
exhilarating (present participle)
exhilarated (past participle)

/ɪɡˈzɪləɹeɪt/

/ɪɡˈzɪləˌɹeɪt/

振奋，鼓舞，使...开心

Good news exhilarates the mind; wine exhilarates the drinker.

For the Philiſtian preſcribeth Cures of the minde in Phrenſies, and melancholy Paſsions; and pretendeth alſo to exhibite Medicines to exhilarate the minde, to confirme the courage, to clarifie the wits, to corroborate the memorie, and the like; but the ſcruples and ſuperſtitions of Diet, and other Regiment of the body in the ſect of the Pythagoreans, in the Hereſy of the Manicheas, and in the Lawe of Mahumes doe exceede; […]

1605，Francis Bacon，The Tvvoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane. To the King，book II, London: Printed [by Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, and are to be sould at his shop at Graies Inne Gate in Holborne, →OCLC，頁 37, recto:

Any and ſundry are the meanes, which Philoſophers and Phyſicians haue preſcribed to exhilarate a ſorrowfull heart, to diuert thoſe fixed and intent cares and meditations, which in this malady ſo much offend; but in my judgement none ſo preſent, none ſo powerfull, none ſo [a]ppoſite as a cup of ſtrong drinke, mirth, muſicke, and merry company.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Musicke a Remedy”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 6, subsection 3，頁 276:

I slept soundly, and without feeling the least uneasiness, and am a great deal better this morning; neither do I find that the henbane has affected my head, which，源自the great effect it had on me,—exhilarating me to the most extraordinary degree, and yet keeping me sleepy,—I feared it would.

1838年November1日，Charles Dickens，“XV. Mrs. Charles Dickens.”, in Life, Letters, and Speeches of Charles Dickens with Biographical Sketches of the Principal Illustrators of Dickens’s Works: Illustrated with Engravings on Steel: In Two Volumes，卷 I, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company; The Riverside Press Cambridge [Mass.], 出版於 1894, →OCLC，頁 118:

It is now for us to say, that with very considerable powers of fancy, and a deep feeling of enthusiasm, he [James G. Small] has described the scenes of his romantic rambles, and recorded the historical or traditional events for which he cherishes such a warm veneration, in song that by turns exhilarates, captivates, and melts; and that will especially arouse Scotland's associations.

1843 June，“Art. XI. The Highlands, The Scottish Martyrs, and Other Poems. By the Rev. James G. Small. Edin. Whyte & Co.”, in The Monthly Review (New and Improved Series)，卷 II, 期 II, London: G. Henderson, 2, Old Bailey, Ludgate-Hill, →OCLC，頁 235:

Returning to their desks at the beginning of April 1966, exhilarated by the size of the Labour majority, Ministers found that there had been no improvement in the economic outlook while they had been away; indeed it had grown worse.

1978，Michael Stewart，“The Light that Failed: April 1966 – June 1970”, in Politics & Economic Policy in the UK since 1964: The Jekyll & Hyde Years，Oxford: Pergamon Press, →ISBN，頁 64:

[A]lcohol, as all the world knows, or should know, does not nourish, but only stimulates,—exhilarates if you will, but exhilarates as fire exhilarates! Would carbon or any other combustible exhilarate only to burn up, consume, and destroy?

1856，Joel Pinney，“The Effects of Alcoholic Liquors, and the Customs of Drinking and Inebriety”, in The Duration of Human Life and Its Three Eras: When Men Attained to More than Nine Hundred Years of Age; when They Attained to Only Four Hundred and Fifty; when They Reached to Only Threescore Years and Ten; Shewing the Probable Causes and Material Agents that have Shortened the Lives of the Human Race, and the Barriers that Prevent a Return to the Longevity of the Early Patriarchs，London: Longman & Co., →OCLC，頁 116:

Harriet became suddenly conscious that every woman in the room was gazing furtively or with frank interest at Wimsey and herself, and the knowledge exhilarated her.

1932, Dorothy L Sayers, Have his Carcase, Chapter 12.


etymologize

etymologizes (third-person singular present)
etymologizing (present participle)
etymologized (past participle)


throw up

throws up (third-person singular present)
throwing up (present participle)
threw up (past)
thrown up (past participle)

（尤指草草地）竖起，立起，建造

Every depression in the ground had been utilized; every rise taken advantage of, to dig rifle-pits or throw up a little earthwork, surrounded with sand-bags […]

In other words, a business can throw up a huge detour sign in the way of the government.

2001, Diane Kennedy, Loop-Holes of the Rich: How the Rich Legally Make More Money & Pay Less Tax, Warner Books, ISBN 0446678325, page 70,

The deal was that if anyone started catching feelings, he could throw up a stop sign and the other would honor it.

2007, Marissa Monteilh, Dr. Feelgood, Kensington Books, ISBN 0758211228, page 27,

“No!” returned the spy. “I throw up. I confess that we were so unpopular with the outrageous mob, that I only got away from England at the risk of being ducked to death, and that Cly was so ferreted up and down, that he never would have got away at all but for that sham. Though how this man knows it was a sham, is a wonder of wonders to me.”

1859，Charles Dickens，A Tale of Two Cities:

In 1944, believing, as people in Leeds tended to do, that flying bombs or no flying bombs, things were better Down South, Dad threw up his job with the Co-op and we migrated to Guildford.

2011, Alan Bennett, "Baffled at a Bookcase", London Review of Books, XXXIII.15:


Twitter

源自twitter (“發出一連串啼叫聲”)。

Twitters (third-person singular present)
Twittering (present participle)
Twittered (past participle)

2009年March2日，Justin Rebello，“Eight top-notch tips for the Twittering attorney"”, in Wisconsin Law Journal, retrieved 2009-03-02:

2009年February23日，MSNBC，“Stars can’t stop Twittering at Oscars, parties”, in Access Hollywood, retrieved 2009-03-02:


premiate

premiates (third-person singular present)
premiating (present participle)
premiated (past participle)

Inevitably, a jury numbed by a succession of slides premiates some designs because they are "interesting" or "different."


jack off

jacks off (third-person singular present)
jacking off (present participle)
jacked off (past participle)

在性方面刺激、挑逗某人（多指男性）


show off

shows off (third-person singular present)
showing off (present participle)
showed off (past)
shown off (past participle)

將某事物最好的部分展示出來

Grocery stores show off their produce by placing the most attractive specimens in front.

雜貨店把最好的樣品放在前面展示。

She loves to show off her driving prowess.

She loves to show off when she gets behind the wheel of a car.

If you've just acquired a Google Glass headset for £1,000, don't show it off at the movies. UK cinemas are to ban the headsets over fears that the gadgets can be used to make pirate copies of Hollywood blockbusters.

如果您剛買了一副Google眼鏡耳機，不要戴到電影院炫耀。因為擔心其能夠盜攝好萊塢大片，英國電影院將禁止這種耳機入場。

2014年June29日，Adam Sherwin，“UK cinemas ban Google glasses over piracy risk”, in The Independent:


amaze

源自中古英語 *amasen (“使迷惑、困惑”)，源自古英語 āmasian (“使迷惑，使驚奇”)，源自ā- (完成時前綴) + *masian (“使困惑”)，等同於a- + maze。

amazes (third-person singular present)
amazing (present participle)
amazed (past participle)

使感到驚奇、驚訝 （自16世紀）

He was amazed when he found that the girl was a robot.

他得知女孩是機器人的時候，吃了一驚。

And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David?

眾人都驚奇，說，這不是大衛的子孫麼。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 12:23:

Spain has long fallen from amazing Europe with her wit, to amusing them with the greatness of her Catholic credulity.

1759, Oliver Goldsmith, The Present State of Polite Learning


stupefy

源自中古法語 stupéfier，源自拉丁語 stupefaciō (“使瞠目結舌，使驚呆”)，源自stupeō (“瞠目結舌，驚呆”)（英語stupid、stupor）+ faciō (“做，使”)。

stupefies (third-person singular present)
stupefying (present participle)
stupefied (past participle)


tenure

源自中古英語 tenure，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 tenure，源自通俗拉丁語 *tenitura，源自*tenitus，源自拉丁語 tentus（←teneō） + -ura。

tenures (third-person singular present)
tenuring (present participle)
tenured (past participle)

将所有权、终身职位等授予


cough up

coughs up (third-person singular present)
coughing up (present participle)
coughed up (past participle)

不情愿地交出
（指钱） （不情愿地）给，支付

Do you think he'll be able to cough up the three grand by Tuesday?

你觉得他周二前能交出三千美元吗？

"[…] Usually businessmen. Married, middle-aged guys who'll cough up fifty bucks to smoke my pole."

2006，K. M. Soehnlein，You Can Say You Knew Me When，頁 240:

不情愿地交出
（指其他事物） 交出

"Anyhow, you go and cough it up and then we shall see."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:

Cough it up, Cooper.

2013, The Big Bang Theory, season 6, episode 14:

England had never before come back to win from a margin of more than 12 points, and the errors continued to come thick and fast as Tom Croft became the latest to cough up the ball.

2011，Tom Fordyce，Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:


未知。《牛津英語詞典》認為是nix的押韻俚語。
其他的說法包括：
# 來自紐約市的戴爾莫尼科餐廳菜單第#86號，腰牛排（Delmonico steak），19世紀時經常很快就售罄。
# 來自禁酒令時期紐約的熱門地下酒館Chumley’s。Chumley’s 隱藏在西村的住宅當中，有兩個門口：一個經過裝潢的主入口，在巴羅街（Barrow Street）；還有一個隱蔽的後門，在貝德福德街86號（86 Bedford Street）。當守門人在大門口看見警察接近的時候，就會大喊“86 it!”，通知顧客把酒藏好，從後門快速離開。

86 the ham and eggs for table two!

86 the lobster bisque – we won’t have the lobster delivery until tomorrow.

不做龍蝦濃湯——明天龍蝦才送到。

We finally had to 86 that old printer after it jammed one too many times.

那台舊打印機出太多故障，我們終於不得不把它扔掉了。

The restaurant 86ed us because we didn't fit the dress code.

那家餐館不歡迎我們，因為我們著裝不符合他們的規定。

(Ben Sanderson, speaking to a bartender) -- "Please, serve me today, and I'll never come in here again. If I do, you can 86 me."

He stole from me and snitched on me, so I 86ed him.

他偷了我東西，所以我把他幹掉了。

RONALD:”They tried to ghost your girl Isabel right here”. WES CHANDLER(played by Ron Perlman):”Tried to ‘ghost’ her?” RONALD:”Merk. 86. Put her down in the dirt. You feel me?”

2017年September28日，Josh Corbin，片头起37:03, in Start Up，季数 2, 集数 6, spoken by Ronald Dacey (Edi Gathegi):


euthanize

euthanizes (third-person singular present)
euthanizing (present participle)
euthanized (past participle)

John decided to euthanize his dying dog.

約翰決定對他垂死的狗實施安樂死。

A terminally ill minor has become the first child to be euthanized in Belgium since age restrictions were lifted in the country two years ago.

2016, Chandrika Narayan, First child dies by euthanasia in Belgium, CNN:


spiderweb

spiderwebs (third-person singular present)
spiderwebbing (present participle)
spiderwebbed (past participle)


scoot

不详。可能源自古諾爾斯語 skjóta (“射击”)或可能与中古英語 scottlynge (“快速动脚，蹦蹦跳跳”，字面意思是“碎步走”)有关，参见scuddle、scuttle。

scoots (third-person singular present)
scooting (present participle)
scooted (past participle)

He scooted us out of the study and turned off the light […]

1930, Frank Richards, The Magnet, Prout's Lovely Black Eye


trawl

起於16世紀，借自荷蘭語 tragelen (“用拖鏈釣魚；拖網”)，源自中古荷蘭語 traghelen，源自traghel (“拖網”)（可能源自拉丁語 tragula (“拖網”)），與英語 drag詞根相同。

trawls (third-person singular present)
trawling (present participle)
trawled (past participle)


smooch

可能是smack的一个方言变体。亦对比低地德語 smok (“吻”)。

smooches (third-person singular present)
smooching (present participle)
smooched (past participle)

They smooched in the doorway.


teabag

teabags (third-person singular present)
teabagging (present participle)
teabagged (past participle)

把睪丸放在他人的口中或臉/頭上


bum out

源自bum (“不好的，劣質的”)。

bums out (third-person singular present)
bumming out (present participle)
bummed out (past participle)

“It bums me out that I can’t play, but I’m glad my brother has the opportunity,” Austin Baker said.

2008年March5日，Rick Weegman，“Cloquet-Esko-Carlton: childhood dreams come true”, in Duluth News Tribune:


smug

可能源自中古低地德語 smuk (“轻柔的，纤弱的，修长的”)，但是英语词形内的 g 难以解释。源自一低地德語词，该词亦派生出北弗里斯蘭語 smok、丹麥語 smuk 和瑞典語 smukk（现已弃用或方言）。最终应派生自原始日耳曼語 *smeuganą。
对比中古高地德語 gesmuc (“饰品”) 和 smücken (“给...穿衣，打扮”)，两者最终源自 smiegen (“按入，插入；坐落于”)，因而有同源词德語 schmiegen、Schmuck 和 schmücken。但是德语形容词 schmuck 借自低地德語。详见 smock。

smugs (third-person singular present)
smugging (present participle)
smugged (past participle)


egg on

* 源自中古英語 eggen (“煽动；催促；唆使”)，源自古諾爾斯語 eggja (“促使”)，源自egg (“边缘”)。详见edge。
* 古旧形式“edge on”的变体。

eggs on (third-person singular present)
egging on (present participle)
egged on (past participle)

唆使，怂恿，哄骗 （尤指让某人去干蠢事或鲁莽的事）

Then I heard that at morning one brother the other / With edges of irons egged on to murder,

1892，Lesslie Hall (translator)，章號 35, in Beowulf:

He resented the idea of interference from those who had […] egged him on to a new peril.

1908，Robert Louis Stevenson，章號 25, in In the South Seas:

She had deliberately egged him on to wreck his prospects.

1912，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 8, in The Adventures of Sally:


suck up

sucks up (third-person singular present)
sucking up (present participle)
sucked up (past participle)

The dry soil sucked up water like a sponge.


give into

gives into (third-person singular present)
giving into (present participle)
gave into (past)
given into (past participle)


beat to the punch

beats to the punch (third-person singular present)
beating to the punch (present participle)
beat to the punch (past)
beaten to the punch (past participle)
beat to the punch (past participle)

抢在...前面，抢先...一步（做了某事）

I was planning to take care of the problem for him, but he beat me to the punch and did it himself.

我本来打算帮他处理那个问题，但他抢在我前面自己处理了。


shoestring

shoestrings (third-person singular present)
shoestringing (present participle)
shoestringed (past participle)

We didn't score in our half of the eighth, but it was only because Ernie's line drive was shoestringed by the Giant left fielder, with Rusty Howarth on second.

1976, Paul R. Rothweiler, The Sensuous Southpaw (page 104)

[…] but Coach Joe Nossek of the Indians actually tells his charges to hold up the ball after shoestringing it on the off chance that the umpire might be fooled.

1994, Sports Illustrated Baseball: Collector's Library (page 275)


smutty

smutties (third-person singular present)
smuttying (present participle)
smuttied (past participle)

[…] but went on smuttying her face and fingers at her little table, so littered with powder and blue and whitey-brown serpent cases that it looked like a Lilliputian arsenal.

1870年September1日，“Episodes in an Obscure Life”, in The Sunday Magazine，頁 713:


hold up

holds up (third-person singular present)
holding up (present participle)
held up (past participle)

I've got to be to work now. Why are you holding me up?

我现在要去上班呢。你拦着我干嘛？

What is holding up traffic?

It worked to perfection. Ferrari's decision not to stop on the next lap simply made life easier, especially when Alonso was held up by Marussia's Charles Pic during that period - for which the Frenchman earned a drive-through penalty.

2012年May13日，Andrew Benson，“Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport:

Hold up the table while I slide this underneath.

抬一下桌子，我把这个滑进去。

In order to accommodate the new platform 4 and the reversibly signalled slow line, a deep cutting had to be cut back and held up in places with a concrete retaining wall.

1962 June，David Walters，“The new station and layout at Coventry”, in Modern Railways，頁 405:

完成 (某协定的自己那部分)

I don't think he's holding up his end of the bargain.

我觉得他完不成那他部分约定。

The guy tried to hold up a bank.

经久不衰 （指艺术作品等）

Bride of Frankenstein is an old film, but it holds up.

《科学怪人的新娘》是一部老电影，但还是经久不衰。


stam

stams (third-person singular present)
stamming (present participle)
stammed (past participle)


scare off

scares off (third-person singular present)
scaring off (present participle)
scared off (past participle)

A quick growl scared off the mouse.

一声急促的咆哮吓跑了老鼠。

The hefty price tag scared off any potential buyers.

高昂的价格吓跑了所有潜在的买家。


dite

dites (third-person singular present)
diting (present participle)
dited (past participle)

His hideous club aloft he dites.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto VIII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:


retint

retints (third-person singular present)
retinting (present participle)
retinted (past participle)


plonge

plonges (third-person singular present)
plonging (present participle)
plonged (past participle)

清洗（如潮水進入打開的渠道，退潮時捲起其中的沉澱物）


read like a book

reads like a book (third-person singular present)
reading like a book (present participle)
read like a book (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-read like a book.ogg

（通過肢體語言或其他行為）清楚了解某人的想法、動機

I love playing poker against Maria because I can read her like a book.

我喜歡和瑪利亞打牌，因為我很清楚她出牌的思路。


read like an open book

reads like an open book (third-person singular present)
reading like an open book (present participle)
read like an open book (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-read like an open book.ogg


sculpt

源自法語 sculpter，源自拉丁語 sculpō (“雕刻，雕塑”)。

sculpts (third-person singular present)
sculpting (present participle)
sculpted (past participle)

They sculpted a statue out of clay.

Landforms sculpted by the wind.


decommunize

decommunizes (third-person singular present)
decommunizing (present participle)
decommunized (past participle)

非共化，去除共產主義的特徵

The new vision of NATO, as outlined by Baker in his speech at Berlin on December 12, 1989, of reaching out for relationships with the decommunizing states of Eastern Europe, was to be met with resistance by the French president.

贝克于1989年12月12日在柏林的演讲中概述了北约的新愿景，即与东欧的非共化国家建立关系，但却遭到了法国总统的抵制。

2001，Charles Cogan，The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defense, 1989-2000 [第三种选择：欧洲防务的解放]，頁 27:


aluminise

aluminises (third-person singular present)
aluminising (present participle)
aluminised (past participle)

They would aluminise the glass in order to provide electrical conductivity.

他们会将玻璃镀铝以提供导电性。


begrave

源自中古英語 begraven，源自古英語 begrafan (“掩埋”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *bigrabaną (“翻，掩埋”)，等同於be- + grave。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 begreeuwe (“掩埋”)、西弗里斯蘭語 begrave (“掩埋”)、荷蘭語 begraven (“掩埋”)、德語 begraben (“掩埋”)、丹麥語 begrave (“掩埋”)、瑞典語 begrava (“掩埋”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (bigraban，“翻”)同源。

begraves (third-person singular present)
begraving (present participle)
begraved (past)
begrove (past)
begraved (past participle)
begraven (past participle)


bronzen

bronzens (third-person singular present)
bronzening (present participle)
bronzened (past participle)


recense

recenses (third-person singular present)
recensing (present participle)
recensed (past participle)

Pope Sixtus and Clemens at a vast expense had an assembly of learned divines, to recense and adjust the Latin Vulgate

教皇西斯笃和克莱孟花费巨资召集神学大家开会，对拉丁文武加大译本进行修改和调整。

1716，Richard Bentley，章號 189, in The Correspondence of Richard Bentley, D.D.，頁 506:


overbook

overbooks (third-person singular present)
overbooking (present participle)
overbooked (past participle)


kick in

kicks in (third-person singular present)
kicking in (present participle)
kicked in (past participle)

Upon hearing residents in the burning house, the passerby kicked in the front door and yelled to those inside.

听到起火的房子里有居民，路人踢开了前门，朝里面的人大喊。

贡献，交 （到某个筹款活动）

For the year-end party, we're asking each employee to kick in twenty dollars.

我们要求每个员工给年末聚会交20美元。

This is a worthy charity, so everyone should kick in.

这个慈善活动很有意义，每个人都应该捐点钱。


outrant

outrants (third-person singular present)
outranting (present participle)
outranted (past participle)


futter

由理查德·弗朗西斯·伯顿根據法語 foutre所造，源自拉丁語 futuo, futuere。

futters (third-person singular present)
futtering (present participle)
futtered (past participle)

Sir John Fastolf called out cheerfully over Miranda’s shoulder to his departing guests, remarking on the sweetness of the night air now that the storm of yesterday night had cleared it, and the day’s rain momentarily had ceased. And all the while he futtered Miranda’s anal canal from behind, and frigged her clitoris.

When Doge is not feeding or futtering, depend on it, he is hunting.

1969，Avram Davidson，The Phoenix and the Mirror:


plumpen

plumpens (third-person singular present)
plumpening (present participle)
plumpened (past participle)


jalouse

源自低地蘇格蘭語 jalouse，源自古法語 jalouser。“嫉妒”之義可能是南方作家因與 jealousy 相似而造成的誤用。

jalouses (third-person singular present)
jalousing (present participle)
jaloused (past participle)

Now the mention of the Skerburnfoot brought back to him only the thought of Ailie, and not of the witch wife, her mother. So he jaloused no ill, for at the best he was slow in the uptake.
 […]
'Ford!' cried John, in scorn. 'There'll be nae ford for you the nicht unless it was the ford o' the river Jordan. The burns are up and bigger than man ever saw them. It'll be a Beltane's E'en that a' folk will remember. They tell me that Gled valley is like a loch, and that there's an awesome heap o' folk drouned in the hills. Gin ye were ower the Mire, what about crossin' the Caulds and the Sker?' says he, for he jaloused he was going to Gledsmuir.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide

When my two sisters (these two bitches, O Commander of the Faithful!) saw me by the side of my young lover they jaloused me on his account and were wroth and plotted mischief against me.

1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 18


redescend

redescends (third-person singular present)
redescending (present participle)
redescended (past participle)

To thee sweet Spirit I return

1650, James Howell, Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ, London: Humphrey Mosely, Letter 53, “A Hymne to the Blessed Trinity,” p. 67,

[…] these vapours rise […] [and] are expanded in the rarefied air before they redescend in the form of clouds and drizzling rain;

1786, The Monthly Review, Volume 75, Appendix, Article 32, p. 544,

I redescended the stairs, umbrella in hand, and slammed the door for the third time.

1999, Jeffrey Moore, Prisoner in a Red-Rose Chain, New York: Putnam, Part 1, Chapter 4, p. 40,


spring-clean

spring-cleans (third-person singular present)
spring-cleaning (present participle)
spring-cleaned (past participle)

The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning his little home.

整個早上，鼴鼠都很賣力地給自己的小窩做大掃除。

1908，Kenneth Grahame，The Wind in the Willows，New York: Charles Scribner's Sons，頁 1:


tenter

經由古法語，可能源自拉丁語 tentorium。

tenters (third-person singular present)
tentering (present participle)
tentered (past participle)


powerbomb

powerbombs (third-person singular present)
powerbombing (present participle)
powerbombed (past participle)


suplex

可能与传统摔跤中的suplay有关，或另受到super的影响。亦参见-ex。另一解释是源自sub + plecto（指“转，扭，编（辫子）”），因其为较新的词，最终在英语中略作suplex。

suplexes (third-person singular present)
suplexing (present participle)
suplexed (past participle)


happy birthday

happy birthdays (third-person singular present)
happy birthdaying (present participle)
happy birthdayed (past participle)


catch up

catches up (third-person singular present)
catching up (present participle)
caught up (past participle)

Oscar stopped the horses and waved to Carl, who caught up his hat and ran through the melon patch to join them.

1913, Willa Cather, O Pioneers!, chapter 3

The speaker wires have got caught up with the wires from the lights.

音响的线和照明的线缠起来了。

After Alice's vacation, her boss caught her up on policy changes.

Alice放假回来后，她的老板带她了解了新规定。

Rose was three seconds behind, but managed to catch up with the race leader and eventually won.

Rose本来落后3秒钟，但之后成功赶上了领跑人，最后夺冠。

I'll go ahead and you can catch me up later.

我先走了，你之后再赶上我吧。

But you run / And you run to catch up with the sun / But it's sinking

1973年March1日，Roger Waters （作曲作詞）, “Time”, in The Dark Side of the Moon，演出者 Pink Floyd:


ballotte

ballottes (third-person singular present)
ballotting (present participle)
ballotted (past participle)


alight

源自中古英語 alighten (“（从某处）下来；下（车，马）；到达，停在；着陆；掉落；攻击；（雷，闪电）打，击；跳上（马背等）；（段位，官阶）下降；使...（的段位，官阶）下降；出现，涌现；减轻；（基督教，指基督，天使，圣灵，奇迹等）下凡，降临；下（地狱）；（某事）降临到，发生到”) [以及其他形式]，融合自：
* 古英語 ālīhtan (“下（车马）”)，源自ā- (“离，出，走”，前缀) + līhtan、līehtan (“降临；使...变轻，减轻”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *h₁lengʷʰ- (“轻”)；和
* 古英語 ġelīhtan (“下（车马）；使...变轻，使...变简单；减轻”)，源自ġe- (程度增强前缀，接于动词表示完成，完满) + līhtan、līehtan（见上）。
英语中，作a- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) + light (“使...简单，使...变轻；拿走；从...卸货；（古旧）降落，着陆；下（车马）”)分析。
同源词
* 中古低地德語 erlichten (“使...变轻”)
* 古高地德語 gilīhten (“使...变轻”)（中古高地德語 gelīhten）、古高地德語 irlīhten (“减轻”)（中古高地德語 erlīhten，现代德語 erleichten）

alights (third-person singular present)
alighting (present participle)
alighted (past participle)
alit (past participle)

alighten

使...变轻 （质量，程度等）；减轻，缓解

alighten

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

light

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

disembark

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

debark

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

get off

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

get out

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

unlight

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

使...变轻 （质量，程度等）；减轻，缓解


disagree with

disagrees with (third-person singular present)
disagreeing with (present participle)
disagreed with (past participle)

使...不舒服，使...恶心

The sausage I bought at the market is disagreeing with me.

我在菜市场买的香肠让我肚子不太舒服。


sum up

sums up (third-person singular present)
summing up (present participle)
summed up (past participle)

受詞可以放在助詞之前或之後（例如，「we summed the argument up as "think twice"」或「we summed up the argument as "think twice"」；二者在英語中皆合乎英語的語言習慣）。如果受詞是代名詞，則必須放在助詞之前（例如，「we summed it up as "think twice"」合乎語言習慣，但「we summed up it as "think twice"」不合乎語言習慣且語法錯誤）。

通過將所有項目相加求得總和。

我們彙總了所有捐款，發現正好夠付帳單。

We summed up the donations and found that we had just enough to pay the bills.

所以，總結你爭吵的話，你在說這不可能。

So, to sum up your argument, what you are saying is that it is impossible.

Best came close to getting on the end of Barton's cross but he was inches away from connecting. It was an incident that summed up Newcastle's afternoon.

貝斯特差點接到巴頓的橫傳，他離球只有幾吋遠。這個不幸的事件總結了紐卡速的下午。

2011年February12日，拿比爾哈桑，“Blackburn 0 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC:


talk out of

talks out of (third-person singular present)
talking out of (present participle)
talked out of (past participle)

说服...放弃，说服...不做

My brother wanted a pet squirrel, but I talked him out of it.

我哥想养一只松鼠当宠物，但被我劝住了。


sully

源自中古英語 sulen、sulien (“變髒；弄髒，弄污”)，源自古英語 sylian (“弄髒，弄污”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *suliwōną、*sulwōną、*sulwijaną (“弄髒，弄污”)，源自原始印歐語 *sūl- (“粘稠的液體，淤泥”)，可能與來自相同日耳曼語族源頭的古法語 souillier (“弄髒，弄污”)（現代法語 souiller）部分混合。與丹麥語 søle (“弄髒，弄污”)、荷蘭語 zaluwen (“弄髒，弄污”)（中古荷蘭語 saluwen (“弄髒，弄污”)）、德語 sühlen (“弄髒，弄污”)、古撒克遜語 sulian (“弄髒，弄污”)、瑞典語 söla (“弄髒，弄污”)同源。亦对比中古英語 sulpen (“弄髒，弄污”)、古英語 solian (“弄髒，弄污；變髒”)，參見 soil。

sullies (third-person singular present)
sullying (present participle)
sullied (past participle)
sullow (alternative)

He did not wish to sully his hands with gardening.

THoſe Ills your Anceſtors have done, / Romans, are now become your own ; / And they will coſt you dear, / Unleſs you ſoon repair / The falling Temples which the Gods provoke, / And Statues ſully’d yet with Sacrilegious Smoke.

1672，The Earl of Roscommon [Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon]，“The Sixth Ode, of the Third Book of Horace”, in Poems by the Earl of Roscomon，London: J[acob] Tonson, 出版於 1717，頁 153，行s 1–6:

She tried to sully her rival’s reputation with a suggestive comment.

她作出暗示性的評論，嘗試玷污競爭對手的名聲。


commissionate

commissionates (third-person singular present)
commissionating (present participle)
commissionated (past participle)


dod

源自中古英語 dodden。

dods (third-person singular present)
dodding (present participle)
dodded (past participle)

切斷，剪斷（如從綿羊尾巴剪去羊毛，或割斷牛的角）

Angus-shire dodded cattle

1845，The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Perth:

Messrs. Toogood and Son’s Bronze Championship Medal for best dodded sheep of any pure breed.

1906，The Flock Book of Wensleydale Blue-faced Sheep，頁 57:


sext

sex + text 組成的混成詞。動詞則是逆構自早期的 sexting，源自名詞。

sexts (third-person singular present)
sexting (present participle)
sexted (past participle)

Rebecca Loos claimed she was 'sexted' by Beckham

2007 October 19, Cameron Millar, "Text Mad Brits Top League for Saucy Messages" in the Daily Star, p. 21 (caption):

[…] trying to get into the swing of things by texting my husband (I was a little tipsy, I will admit): "How do you sext someone?" hoping to engage in the latest trend. All I got was, "What!" in reply.

2009 March 1, Wendyl Nissen, "Sexts Suk... Go 4 a Real D8" in the New Zealand Herald, p. 35:

The next day, Greg sexted me a few pictures of his package.

2010 October 16, Victoria Gehman, "Sex Suspended, Celibacy Supreme" in the Albany Student Press:

We would talk on the phone for hours and then text and sext the rest of the day.

2013, Olukemi Lawani, First Steps to Flight, p. 3:

Sexting sonnets / Under the tables


sign up

signs up (third-person singular present)
signing up (present participle)
signed up (past participle)

登记，记录，给...注册，给...报名

We signed up Bob for kitchen cleanup duty.

我们给Bob分了扫厨房的活。


trip up

trips up (third-person singular present)
tripping up (present participle)
tripped up (past participle)

使...犯错，诱导...犯错

使...跌倒，使...摔倒


supplant

源自古法語 supplanter，源自拉丁語 supplantō (“绊倒”)，源自sub (“下”) + planta (“脚底”)。

supplants (third-person singular present)
supplanting (present participle)
supplanted (past participle)

Will online dictionaries ever supplant paper dictionaries?

在线词典会取代纸质词典吗？


hoover up

hoovers up (third-person singular present)
hoovering up (present participle)
hoovered up (past participle)

Don't worry about the mess on the carpet - I'll hoover it up later.

别管地毯上那些脏东西，我过会用吸尘器清掉。

[…] a deputy governor of China’s central bank pointed out that China no longer hoovers up dollar reserves with its past abandon.

2012, The Economist, 20th Oct 2012 The rise of the yuan: Turning from green to red

Essentially, the problem dates back to pre-privatisation, cost-driven British Rail practices which featured an unholy pact between management and unions, whereby management was able to employ fewer drivers and limited pension cost liabilities, while drivers were able to hoover up lots of lucrative Sunday overtime.

2022年November16日，Nigel Harris，“Endless news... little context”, in RAIL，期 970，頁 3:


trudge

16世纪中叶。原可能是指“用雪鞋走路”的习语。可能源自斯堪的纳维亚语言。对比冰島語 þrúga (“雪鞋”)、挪威語 truga (“雪鞋”)和瑞典语方言词trudja (“雪鞋”)。

trudges (third-person singular present)
trudging (present participle)
trudged (past participle)


ascribe

源自中古英語 ascriben，源自古法語 ascrivre (“题写；归功；归咎”)，源自拉丁語 āscrībere (“以书面声明”)，等价于a- + scribe。

ascribes (third-person singular present)
ascribing (present participle)
ascribed (past participle)

将...归因于，将...归咎于

One may ascribe these problems to the federal government; however, at this stage it is unclear what caused them.

这些问题可能可以说是联邦政府导致的，但目前还是不能确定原因。

将...归为...所著，将...归为...所创作

It is arguable as to whether we can truly ascribe this play to Shakespeare.

能否真的说这出戏剧是莎士比亚写的还有待商榷。

[…]and two enormous Scottish poems, the Buik of Alexander, which has been improbably ascribed to Barbour, and Sir Gilbert Hay's Buik of Alexander the Conquerour; one nearly complete Prose Life of Alexander and fragments of four others; a stanzaic translation of the Fuerres de Gadres which survives only in a fragment, the Romance of Cassamus, and three separate translations of the Secreta Secretorum.

2012，William Matthews，The Tragedy of Arthur，University of California Press，頁 68:


do in

does in (third-person singular present)
doing in (present participle)
did in (past)
done in (past participle)

By the eighth mile, I was sure that finishing the 10-mile hike would do me in.

走了8英里以后，我觉得走完10英里的远足我就累死了。

We very nearly did in an entire keg of beer that weekend.

那个周末我们差点就干掉那一整桶啤酒了

Slasher fans rejoiced—for a couple years anyway, until the boom swiftly faded, done in by the same causes that fell so many other eruptions of a style or genre, of any medium: The host of imitators are never as good as what inspired the affection in the first place.

2017年October27日，Alex McLevy，“Making a Killing: The Brief Life and Bloody Death of the Post-Scream Slasher Revival”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2018-03-05:

使...累死，使...累坏，使...筋疲力竭

I’m off to bed. I’m completely done in.

I’m off work at the moment; I’ve done my back in.

我现在请假了，我把我的腰闪了。


stake out

stakes out (third-person singular present)
staking out (present participle)
staked out (past participle)

stake out land

to stake out a new road


pull out of one's ass

pulls out of one's ass (third-person singular present)
pulling out of one's ass (present participle)
pulled out of one's ass (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-pull out of one's ass.ogg

Don says his community is 95% Caucasian, but I think he pulled that figure out of his ass.

Don说他的社区有95%的人是白种人，但我觉得那个数字是他胡诌的。


traipse

多半借自法語 trépasser (“穿过”)。

traipses (third-person singular present)
traipsing (present participle)
traipsed (past participle)

疲惫地走，费力地走 （一段路程）

She only got handy the Union-house on Sunday morning 'a b'lieve, and 'tis supposed here and there that she had traipsed every step of the way from Melchester.

1874，Thomas Hardy，Far From the Madding Crowd:

在...闲逛，在...四处走，在...散步


weird out

weirds out (third-person singular present)
weirding out (present participle)
weirded out (past participle)

（因自己奇怪而）吓到，使...不自在，让...觉得古怪

Man, somehow that weirds me out more than the whole bloodsucking thing.

I don't know why you're so weirded out. This is not San Quentin, it's just a nuthouse.


equivale

equivales (third-person singular present)
equivaling (present participle)
equivaled (past participle)

We read b\equivc as \"b equivales c\".

1993, David Gries and Fred B. Schneider, A logical approach to discrete math:


drive home

drives home (third-person singular present)
driving home (present participle)
drove home (past)
driven home (past participle)

强行、用力将...放入某处

He grunted as he drove each nail home.

1969，James Plunkett，Strumpet City，頁 396:

Karli shook himself, drove home the last nail with a flat stone, straightened up.

1996，Harry Harrison，One King's Way，頁 186:

Just as Ione began to slow, she struck Ione's sword aside and drove her own blade home.

2004，Judith Tarr，Queen of the Amazons，頁 293:

用有力的示范强调，让...深入人心，让...入木三分

The urgent need for vaccines was driven home by the expected postponement on Monday of Britain’s plan to reopen, caused by the spread of a variant known as Delta among the unvaccinated population.

2021年June14日，Mark Landler，“Boris Johnson’s ‘Global Britain’ Makes Shaky Start at G7 Summit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


retorque

retorques (third-person singular present)
retorquing (present participle)
retorqued (past participle)

重新對（物體）施加扭矩或扭力

In T.S.B. 09-028 issued on May 2, Honda says the noise, which comes at slow speeds, may be from incorrectly torqued mounting bolts, which need to be retorqued.

2009年July26日，Scott Sturgis，“The Ghost in the Infiniti”, in New York Times:


sell on

sells on (third-person singular present)
selling on (present participle)
sold on (past participle)

Rather than sell the company's products on commission they, like distributors, buy stock from head office and sell it on for profit.

1994, Richard Welford, Kate Prescott, European business: an issue-based approach

说服...接受，让...服气

I was opposed to his ideas, but he sold me on them.

我本来反对他的想法，但他说服我了。

I have indeed been sold on higher inductive types!


scrounge

1915年，方言词scrunge (“偷偷找，翻找”，1909年)的变换形式，其词源不详。可能源自方言词scringe (“打探，刺探”)，或可能与scrouge、scrooge (“推搡，推挤”，同时在伦敦方言中指“人群”)有关，可能引人联想到screw、squeeze。在第一次世界大战时在军队的影响下普及开来。

scrounges (third-person singular present)
scrounging (present participle)
scrounged (past participle)

四处找，寻觅 （尤指一般价值的事物）

Now you don't seem so proud about having to be scrounging your next meal.

1965，Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Like a Rolling Stone”:

scrounge for food


splurge

splurges (third-person singular present)
splurging (present participle)
splurged (past participle)

（使...）涌出，（使...）喷出

The tomato sauce was splurged all over the chips.

But the steamboats come in their time ; and I am sure that I address a large crowd of sympathizing auditors, now that I come to speak of the magnificent old "Fanny," spluttering and paddling, and splurging up to the little wharf under the lea of Peppers Hill, where the pine wood lay piled in fabulous quantities.

1884，Donald Grant Mitchell，Bound Together, A Sheaf of Papers/Norwich, 1659-1859，Norwich:

She waited a moment, quivering with the expectation of her husband's answer; then, as none came except the silent darkening of his face, she walked to the door and turned round to fling back: "Of course you can do what you like with your own house, and make any arrangements that suit your family, without consulting me; but you needn't think I'm ever going back to live in that stuffy little hole, with Hubert and his wife splurging round on top of our heads!"

1913，Edith Wharton，“Chapter XXXVIII”, in The Custom of the Country:

"And boy," he splurged, "we are filming a peach, a pip and a wow! Is it a knockout? Oh, baby! A prize-fight picture entitled 'The Honor of the Champion,' starring Reginald Van Veer, with Honey Precious for the herowine. Boy, will it pack the theayters!"


subrogate

借自拉丁語 subrogātus，subrogō 的完成時被動分詞，源自 sub (“在…之下”) + rogō (“請求，詢問”)。有變體 surrogate。

subrogates (third-person singular present)
subrogating (present participle)
subrogated (past participle)

In the course of that work air‑conditioning units were installed. Those units are equipped with compressors which were manufactured by Refcomp, whose registered office is in Italy, purchased from that company and fitted by Climaventa whose registered office is also in Italy, then sold to Doumer by the company Liebert to whose rights Emerson is now subrogated. […] Subrogated to the rights of Doumer, to which it paid compensation, Axa Corporate sued the manufacturer Recomp, the fitter Climaveneta and the seller Emerson before the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris (Regional Court, Paris) seeking an order that they pay in solidum compensation for the damage suffered.

2013年February7日，European Court of Justice，Refcomp SpA vs. Axa Corporate Solutions Assurance SA / Axa France IARD / Emerson Network / Climaveneta SpA,, Case C‑543/10, marginals 8 and 10:

A co-debtor that pays off a principal creditor has a choice. It can subrogate to the principal creditor's claim or it can file its own claim in the bankruptcy. It cannot do both; its own claim will be disallowed if it seeks subrogation.

2019, Ginsberg, Martin, Kelley, Ginsberg and Martin on Bankruptcy, Aspen Publishers Online (ISBN 9780735575523), page 86:


atterrate

借自意大利語 atterrare。對照晚期拉丁語 atterrare (“扔到地上”)。

atterrates (third-person singular present)
atterrating (present participle)
atterrated (past participle)


calm down

calms down (third-person singular present)
calming down (present participle)
calmed down (past participle)


raw dog

來自raw (“沒有保險套”) + dog out (“以性慾來接近某人”)。

raw dogs (third-person singular present)
raw dogging (present participle)
raw dogged (past participle)

Never go raw dogging with the other woman; it's just not safe.

永远不要和其他女人无套做爱；这并不安全。

2005，Erica L. Perry，A Lesson or a Blessing，AuthorHouse, 出版於 2005, →ISBN，頁 27:

[…] You don't now^([sic]) shit about that girl yet you round here raw dogging her. That ho could be dying from HIV or AIDS, she could have a million kids and trying to set you up to be her next baby daddy, you fucking dummy. For all I know she could be a fucking psycho.”

2006，Cheryl Sutherland，Chocolate Ty，Platinum Peach Press, 出版於 2006, →ISBN，頁 42:

“Well, you know...taking you into consideration and everything, I ended up letting him raw dog my coochie. […]

“嗯，你知道……考虑到你和其他一切，我最终还是让他无套肏了我的屄。 […]

2008，Allison Hobbs，Big Juicy Lips: Double Dippin' 2，Strebor Books, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，頁 44:

The friend who did this raw dogged her drunk.

做这件事的那个朋友在她喝醉后还无套肏了她。

2011，John Tamar，1,001 Drunk Acts，Strategic Book Group, 出版於 2011, →ISBN，頁 163:

没有防护措施或没有中间人地做

Rather than using a framework, he's apparently just raw dogging HTML.

他好像没用框架，就硬写HTML。


recopy

recopies (third-person singular present)
recopying (present participle)
recopied (past participle)


string along

strings along (third-person singular present)
stringing along (present participle)
strung along (past participle)

哄骗，画饼 （让对方长时间误解自己有某种打算）

She's been telling me for ages that she wants to meet up, but won't give me a date. I'm convinced she's stringing me along.

她一直说想和我见面，但是就是不约日期，我觉得她在耍我。

What irks is the DfT's response of stringing the industry along. Far better would be for the DfT to say: "No, we are not upgrading this or that part of the railway - we must make the best of what we have."

2021年May5日，Philip Haigh，“I think we need better than this from the rail industry”, in RAIL，期 930，頁 51:


trice

源自中古英語 trīcen、trice、trise (“拉或推；掳走；偷窃”)，源自中古荷蘭語 trīsen (“升起”)（现代荷蘭語 trijsen）或中古低地德語 trissen (“拉斜杠帆”)。之后词源不详。同源词包括丹麥語 trisse、tridse (“用滑轮拖”)、低地德語 trissen、tryssen、drisen、drysen、德語 trissen、triezen (“烦扰，折磨”)。

trices (third-person singular present)
tricing (present participle)
triced (past participle)

The tent is made of light, close, unbleached duck, […] A window, six inches square, is fitted at the upper end with a flap to trice up or haul down.

1875 August，Clements R[obert] Markham，“Arctic Ice-travels”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 VII, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 479:

（尤指用绳子）拖； 用绳子拉起或绑起来

... the fold of his double chin hung like a bag triced up close under the hinge of his jaw.

One of the two men landed had shot and wounded the mate, and the other, known as "Doublin Jack," had knocked the second mate down with a handspike. Captain Low put both these men in irons, triced them up in the mizzen rigging, and gave them each four dozen lashes of ratline stuff, which they had well earned.

1911，Arthur H[amilton] Clark，“California Clippers of 1852—The ‘Sovereign of the Seas’”, in The Clipper Ship Era: An Epitome of Famous American and British Clipper Ships, Their Owners, Builders, Commanders, and Crews 1843–1869，New York, N.Y., London: G. P. Putnam's Sons […], →OCLC，頁 215:


endoctrine

endoctrines (third-person singular present)
endoctrining (present participle)
endoctrined (past participle)


walk out on

walks out on (third-person singular present)
walking out on (present participle)
walked out on (past participle)

离开，丢下 （尤指自己的伴侣）

What would you think if I sang out of tune? Would you stand up and walk out on me?

1967，“With a Little Help from My Friends”, in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band，演出者 Beatles:


squadron

squadrons (third-person singular present)
squadroning (present participle)
squadroned (past participle)


exchequer

繼承自中古英語 escheker，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 escheker (“棋盤”)；源自中世紀拉丁語 scaccarium。因国库点钱的布像棋盘一样有方格而得名。

exchequers (third-person singular present)
exchequering (present participle)
exchequered (past participle)

在财政法庭对（某人）提起诉讼


beat the daylights out of

beats the daylights out of (third-person singular present)
beating the daylights out of (present participle)
beat the daylights out of (past)
beaten the daylights out of (past participle)
beat the daylights out of (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-beat the daylights out of.ogg

Punching fast and furiously, I would beat the daylights out of them until they were bloody all over.

1993，Lester Sumrall，The Life Story of Lester Sumrall, →ISBN:

让...惨败 （尤指在肢体冲突中）

The guy beat the daylights out of me, and I made a dollar. My wrestling license cost five dollars.

2007，Greg Oliver，The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Heels, →ISBN，頁 42:


aggro

源自aggravation 的截斷形式 + -o (指小后缀)，受到了aggressive的影响。

aggros (third-person singular present)
aggroes (third-person singular present)
aggroing (present participle)
aggroed (past participle)

引...的仇恨，让...开始攻击

I aggroed the enderman by looking in its eyes, and it killed me.

我看了末影人的眼睛拉了仇恨，然后被它打死了。


transplant

繼承自中古英語 transplaunten，源自古法語 transplanter，源自晚期拉丁語 transplantare，等價於 trans- + plant。

transplants (third-person singular present)
transplanting (present participle)
transplanted (past participle)

A book entitled Emerging Indonesia has on its cover photographs of a sunrise over palm trees, bent women in coolie hats transplanting rice, a wooden bull burning at a Balinese cremation, and a liquid nitrogen plant belching black smoke into a clear, undefiled tropical sky.

1996，Clifford Geertz，After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist，Harvard University Press, →ISBN，頁 141:


rebin

rebins (third-person singular present)
rebinning (present participle)
rebinned (past participle)

把數據分成不同的組距分組


stigmatize

源自中世紀拉丁語 stigmatizo (“給……留下烙印”)，源自古希臘語 στιγματίζω (stigmatízō，“標記”)，源自 στίγμα (stígma)。

stigmatizes (third-person singular present)
stigmatizing (present participle)
stigmatized (past participle)

We stigmatize the Indians, also, as cowardly and treacherous, because they use stratagem in warfare in preference to open force; but in this they are fully justified by their rude code of honor.

我们还指责印第安人懦弱和奸诈，因为他们在战争中使用计谋而不是公开武力；但在这一点上，他们粗鲁的礼法是完全正当的。

1819-1820，Washington Irving，The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon:

Helen Hardacre, in her study of discourses stigmatizing women who have had abortions, argues that there has been a marked rise in media interest in women's sexuality since the 1970s.

海伦·哈达克在研究污名化堕胎女性的言论时指出，自1970年代以来，媒体对女性性行为的兴趣显著增加。

2010，Mark McClelland，“The 'Beautiful Boy' in Japanese Girls' Manga”, in Manga: An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives，The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc, →ISBN，頁 78:

This chapter examines the social determinants of depression in black men because no other race-by-gender population group has been stigmatized as much as black men.

本章探讨了黑人男性抑郁症的社会决定因素，因为没有其他按性别分类的人口群体像黑人男性那样受到如此多的污名化。

2012，Daphne C. Watkins，Harold W. Neighbors，“Social Determinants of Depression and the Black Male Experience”, in Social Determinants of Health Among African-American Men，Jossey-Bass, 出版於 2013, →ISBN，頁 55:


degut

deguts (third-person singular present)
degutting (present participle)
degutted (past participle)


swish

swishes (third-person singular present)
swishing (present participle)
swished (past participle)

to swish a cane back and forth

After Virginia came the twins, who were usually called "the Star and Stripes", as they were always getting swished.

Doctor Wordsworth and assistants would swish that error out of him in a way that need not here be mentioned.

c. 1842, William Makepeace Thackeray, Character Sketches

Swish the mouthwash around the mouth and between the teeth for one minute.

在口中及牙齿间涮漱口水一分钟。


wank off

wanks off (third-person singular present)
wanking off (present participle)
wanked off (past participle)


secularize

secularizes (third-person singular present)
secularizing (present participle)
secularized (past participle)


socialize

socializes (third-person singular present)
socializing (present participle)
socialized (past participle)

教導某人社會禮儀（通常是下意識地）；使某人適應社會

將某物納入集體或政府所有


pasteurise

借自法語 pasteuriser。源自路易·巴斯德，这一消毒方法的发明者， + -ise。

pasteurises (third-person singular present)
pasteurising (present participle)
pasteurised (past participle)

/ˈpæst͡ʃəɹaɪz/

/ˈpɑːstʃəɹaɪz/


depressurize

depressurizes (third-person singular present)
depressurizing (present participle)
depressurized (past participle)

/diːˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/


tit fuck

tit fucks (third-person singular present)
tit fucking (present participle)
tit fucked (past participle)


peace out

peaces out (third-person singular present)
peacing out (present participle)
peaced out (past participle)

I cracked him with a stone I'd picked up in the garden. The inscription on the stone read PAZ. The man, peaced out, fell back

2005，David Terrenoire，Beneath a Panamanian Moon，頁 253:


whip up

whips up (third-person singular present)
whipping up (present participle)
whipped up (past participle)

（匆匆）制作 （尤指食物）

I'll whip up a quick meal for our unexpected guests.

我匆匆地为突然拜访的客人很快地做好了简单的菜。

使...激动，激起...的热情

His speech whipped the crowd up into a frenzy.

他的演讲点燃了人们的热情。

Hurricane force winds damaged the North Clydeside catenary on January 17 and 18 and on February 12, causing interruptions to the Helensburgh services; in the neighbourhood of Craigendoran and Cardross, the seas in the Firth of Clyde were whipped up to the height of the conductor wires and the insulators themselves.

1962 April，“Motive power miscellany: Scottish Region”, in Modern Railways，頁 285:

Greater Anglia 745005 whips up snow as it passes Fox Street (near Colchester) on February 8, with the 1000 Norwich-London Liverpool Street.

2021年February24日，“Network News: ... but snow and ice forces Greater Anglia to sideline Class 745s”, in RAIL，期 925，頁 13, photo caption:


aerate

源自拉丁語 aer (“空氣”) + -ate。

aerates (third-person singular present)
aerating (present participle)
aerated (past participle)

Blood is aerated in the lungs.

用氣體（尤其是氧氣或空氣）使……起泡或噴射

The drink was aerated with carbon dioxide, making it fizzy.

飲料中加入了二氧化碳，使其充滿了氣泡。

將氣體（尤其是氧氣或空氣）摻入固體或半固體材料中

The mousse was aerated by beating rapidly.

藉由快速攪拌使慕斯充氣。


innerve

innerves (third-person singular present)
innerving (present participle)
innerved (past participle)

To imbue with nervous energy; to give increased force or courage to.


instaure

instaures (third-person singular present)
instauring (present participle)
instaured (past participle)


instaurate

instaurates (third-person singular present)
instaurating (present participle)
instaurated (past participle)


publicate

引自16世紀中葉的文獻，源自拉丁語 拉丁語 publicat (“發表，使公眾知道”)

publicates (third-person singular present)
publicating (present participle)
publicated (past participle)


softlock

softlocks (third-person singular present)
softlocking (present participle)
softlocked (past participle)

处在软锁状态中或导致软锁（处在可操作但无法继续游玩的状态）


whack off

whacks off (third-person singular present)
whacking off (present participle)
whacked off (past participle)

Did I mention that when I was fifteen I took it out of my pants and whacked off on the 107 bus from New York?

1969，Philip Roth，“Cunt Crazy”, in Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Random House:

[…] why is it that I am discomfited by the bizarre fact that the one thing she will do, though in a pleasureless and rather perfunctory way, is to whack me off hour after hour until I am a lifeless and juiceless stalk, exhausted and even humiliated by this dumb pursuit?

1979，William Styron，章號 14, in Sophie’s Choice，New York: Random House:


wind up

winds up (third-person singular present)
winding up (present participle)
wound up (past participle)

roll up

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

raise

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

snitches get stitches and wind up in ditches

wind down

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

roll down

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

lower

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

I wound up the spool of rope.

I wound up the clock.

Your pocket watch will run for a long time if you wind up the spring all the way.

你给你的怀表完全扭好发条以后它可以转好久的。

The movie wound me up emotionally.

那部电影绷紧了我的神经。

Try not to wind up the kids too much right before bedtime.

睡觉前别让孩子们玩的太疯了。

Of all their regrets, it was their inability to score an away goal that might wind up Klopp the most. Sadio Mané wasted a glorious chance in the first half and, late on, Mohamed Salah turned his shot against a post after a goal-line clearance had spun his way.

2019年May1日，Daniel Taylor，“Lionel Messi magic puts Barcelona in command of semi-final with Liverpool”, in The Guardian:

把...摇起来 （车窗，井的水桶等）

Wind up your window — it's starting to rain.

把窗摇起来，开始下雨了。

终止，关停 （合作关系，公司等）

Even though he had bad news, he tried to wind up his speech on a positive note.

虽然他讲了坏消息，但他还是想以正面的语气结束演讲。

同類詞：wind down

A general feast, of which all the male inhabitants of the town partake, winds up the proceedings at the close of the nineteen days.

1911，James George Frazer，The Golden Bough，卷 8，頁 231:

In late April, residents were sent a blunt letter telling them that the town's ancient market, which had stopped because of the pandemic, and which really did date back to the reign of Queen Anne, would be wound up.

2020年September1日，Tom Lamont，“The butcher's shop that lasted 300 years (give or take)”, in The Guardian:

Twenty quid? Are you winding me up?


asseverate

借自拉丁語 assevērāre，源自 assevērō (“聲稱，聲明”)。

asseverates (third-person singular present)
asseverating (present participle)
asseverated (past participle)

/əˈsɛvəɹeɪt/

鄭重聲明，認真而自信地斷言

Whereas Your Maiesty hath received true information of great sums of Money endeavoured to be borrowed of Your City of London, by directions proceeding from both Houses of Parliament […] (I Your Maiesties faithfull Subiect) doe conceive, and dare asseverate, that it is intended upon no other pretence then for the Honour and defence of Your Maiesty,

1642，Sir Richard Gurney, 1st Baronet，The Lord Maior of Londons Letter to the King at Yorke, June 22，London:

The more I laughed at such theories, the more these stubborn friends asseverated them; adding that even without the heritage of legend the recent reports were too clear, consistent, detailed, and sanely prosaic in manner of telling, to be completely ignored.

1931，H. P. Lovecraft，章號 1, in The Whisperer in Darkness:

A time would come, Mr. Secombe-Hughes mysteriously asseverated, when all would be well and she would get her money.

1971，Iris Murdoch，An Accidental Man，New York: Viking，頁 31:


outstand

源自中古英語 outstanden、utstanden，等价于out- + stand。同源词有薩特弗里斯蘭語 uutstounde (“忍耐”)、荷蘭語 uitstaan (“容忍，忍受”)、德語 ausstehen (“容忍，忍耐”)、瑞典語 utstå (“忍受，经受”)。

outstands (third-person singular present)
outstanding (present participle)
outstood (past participle)

坚持得比...久，保持不变得比...久


sunder

源自中古英語 sundren (“分离，分开”)，源自古英語 sundrian (“分离，分开”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *sundrōną (“分离”)，源自原始印歐語 *sen(e)- (“没有，不带，分离”)。同源词有低地蘇格蘭語 sinder、sunder (“分离，分割”)、荷蘭語 zonderen (“隔离，隔开”)、德語 sondern (“分离”)、瑞典語 söndra (“分割”)。详见sundry。

sunders (third-person singular present)
sundering (present participle)
sundered (past participle)

In Taran's hand the sundered bone had turned into gray dust, which he cast aside.

Where a fair opportunity offers, and the grass is perfectly dry, the hipples are sundered; that is, broken out into beds in the usual manner, turned, and again got up into cocklets, of such size as the state of dryness requires.

1788，William Marshall，The Rural Economy of Yorkshire:

Except under abnormal conditions, protection can be afforded to a field by cutting a strip half a chain in width all round the field, with a reaper and binder for preference, when the crop is in the best condition for hay, and then ploughing or sunder-cutting the stubble.

1941，The Queensland Agricultural and Pastoral Handbook，頁 82:

The trees and shrubs all around us began to show the signs of death; dried branches, leafless gray and molding wood. The ground here was as hard as stone, the dirt and dust dry as bone sundered in the desert scorch.

2010，Stony Stern，Run Past The Hunter，頁 143:

The world, a good deal of it, sundered, scorched.

2013，Thomas Glave，Among the Bloodpeople: Politics and Flesh，頁 165:


affricate

affricates (third-person singular present)
affricating (present participle)
affricated (past participle)


perfricate

perfricates (third-person singular present)
perfricating (present participle)
perfricated (past participle)

[…] they differ from embrocations, only in not being intended, like them, to be copiously used in washing or perfricating the part on which they are applied […]

1761，Robert Dossie，Theory and Practice of Chirurgical Pharmacy:


affuse

借自拉丁語 affundō (“倒、灑或撒在”，完成時被動分詞詞幹：affūs-)。

affuses (third-person singular present)
affusing (present participle)
affused (past participle)


truant

源自中古英語 truant、truand、trewande、trowant（平行于中古荷蘭語 trouwant、trawant、truwant），源自古法語 truand、truant (“流浪汉，乞丐；乞丐一样的”)，源自凱爾特語族，可能源自高盧語 *trugan，或源自布列塔尼語 truan (“悲惨的”)，源自原始凱爾特語 *térh₁-tro-m，最终源自原始印歐語 *terh₁-。
同源词有蘇格蘭蓋爾語 truaghan、愛爾蘭語 trogha (“贫困的”)、trogán、布列塔尼語 truc (“乞丐”)、威爾士語 tru。

truants (third-person singular present)
truanting (present participle)
truanted (past participle)


take a shine to

takes a shine to (third-person singular present)
taking a shine to (present participle)
took a shine to (past)
taken a shine to (past participle)

He took a shine to jazz.


sideswipe

sideswipes (third-person singular present)
sideswiping (present participle)
sideswiped (past participle)

In her haste, she sideswiped the 4x4 truck that was ahead of her as well as two other cars. “Help!” she yelled as she sped through the orange construction cones. “They're going to kill me!”

2012，Curtis L. Alcutt，Fatal Intentions，頁 175:


buzz up

buzzes up (third-person singular present)
buzzing up (present participle)
buzzed up (past participle)

用楼栋电子门禁放...上楼

I'll be back in ten minutes; can you buzz me up then?

我10分钟以后回来，到时候帮我按一下门锁。


emplead

en- + plead: compare 古法語 emplaidier (en- + plaidier).

empleads (third-person singular present)
empleading (present participle)
empleaded (past participle)


perseverate

perseverates (third-person singular present)
perseverating (present participle)
perseverated (past participle)

/pəːˈsɛvəɹeɪt/

/pɚˈsɛvəˌɹeɪt/

使（特定的反射或反應）持續


adsorb

源自法語 adsorber，源自拉丁語 ad- + sorbēre (“吸”)。

adsorbs (third-person singular present)
adsorbing (present participle)
adsorbed (past participle)

The gas was purified by adsorbing the impurities onto active carbon.

通过将杂质吸附到活性炭上来净化气体。