of

來自中古英語 of，來自古英語 of (“從、自”)，af的非重音形式，æf (“從、離、離開”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *ab (“離開；遠離”)。off的同源對似詞，為古英語單詞的重音派生詞。參見off。

(屬於)： 對於人，一般會直接用所有格形式。

(組成，製成)： of 可以直接與動詞或形容詞短語連用。

現代英語逐漸少用 of 修飾名詞，轉用名詞 + 名詞的結構。對比 part of speech (“詞類”)（16世紀） vs. word class (“詞類”)（20世紀），Federal Bureau of Investigation（“聯邦調查局”，1908年） vs. Central Intelligence Agency（“中央情報局”，1947年），affairs of the world（18世紀） vs. world affairs（“國際事務”，20世紀）。

of 連接名詞和被某些副詞修飾的定語形容詞時，可以被省略。這個用法中可用的副詞包括too、so、how、as、more、less、this、that。

表達距離或移動。 從，遠離（位置、人群、距離等）。（自西元10世紀）

There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.

村舍方圓二十哩以內沒有商店。

Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.

There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.

表達距離或移動。 表示差多少分鐘到幾整點。（自西元19世紀）

What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

現在幾點？ / 差不多三點差一刻。

"Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning …."

1940 June 17, "Little Bull Booed", Time:

Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, 2006, page 194:

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，謂語用及物動詞，帶賓語。 （自10世紀）

Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.

最後，她終於卸下了照顧生病丈夫的重擔。

Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him ….

1603, Michel de Montaigne, 譯者 John Florio, The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
, II.1:

I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.

In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，結果狀態用形容詞 （自10世紀）

He seemed devoid of human feelings.

But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful ….

Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.

2010 October 31, Stuart James, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表達起源、先祖。 （自9世紀）

The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.

一般認為這個詞來自日語。

They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts II:

My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.

Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.

2010, "The Cost of Repair", The Economist:

表達起源。 用於別稱，表示人的出生地、住處、所在國或其他與之相關的地名。

Jesus of Nazareth

Anselm of Canterbury

坎特伯雷的安瑟莫（接所在教區）

Anselm of Aosta

奧斯塔的安瑟莫（接出生地）

Anselm of Bec

貝克的安瑟莫（接所在修道院）

Pedro II of Brazil

巴西的佩德羅二世（接統治區域）

Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester

住在馬切斯特煤氣廠路的米金斯女士（接住處）

表達起源。
表示動作或情感的來源；引出原因、起因；出於，因為 （自9世紀）

The invention was born of necessity.

這項發明是因其必然性而誕生的。

Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.

The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.

2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示動作的來源或原因。 （自10世紀）

It is said that she died of a broken heart.

He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.

2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species:

Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.

2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示形容詞修飾的主語或原因。 （自13世紀）

I am tired of all this nonsense.

我已經厭倦了這些胡言亂語。

Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.

2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist:

Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.

2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds:

表示施事。
表示動作發出的主體（現在一般後接by）。 （自9世紀）

I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.

After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts IX:

she might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.

The family is ordained of God.

1995, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Family: A Proclamation to the World:

Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.

2008 March 27, "Selling rhythm to the world", The Economist:

用於引出“主語所有格”；接名詞，組成名詞短語的後置修飾語 （也請參見下方的“屬有”義項）。 （自13世紀）

The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.

只要兩黨都能同意，協定可以隨時達成。

In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.

1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136:

Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.

2009 December 28, "Head to head", The Economist:

表示施事。
表示形容詞所描述之物的施事者。 （自16世紀）

It was very brave of you to speak out like that.

你那樣大膽說出來，很勇敢。

When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."

Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.

2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示材料，製造所需的物質。 （自9世紀）

接於表示建設、製造的動詞後

Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.

現在的許多“軟木塞”實際上是用塑料做的。

The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end ….

表達構成、物質。
表示前述物體製作所需的材料。 （自10世紀）

She wore a dress of silk.

Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.

2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示集合名詞的組成。 （自12世紀）

What a lot of nonsense!

His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents ….

1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, Barry Lyndon:

I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.

2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示某事物是一類事物中的典型例子。 （自12世紀）

Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.

This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop ….

In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.

2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
連接兩個差不多同位的名詞，前一名詞修飾後一名詞。 （自14世紀）

I'm not driving this wreck of a car.

As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.

1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension:

"I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.

2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, The Guardian:

表示主題。
連接動詞（一般與想、感受、表達等有關）和主語、主題；有關，關於 （自10世紀）

I'm always thinking of you.

he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him ….

while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).

2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, The Guardian:

表示主題。
引出主題；有關，關於 （自12世紀）

接名詞（現在基本用於表示知識、交流等的名詞）

He told us the story of his journey to India.

他告訴我們他去印度旅行時的故事。

Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.

表示主題。
引出主題。 （自15世紀）

This behaviour is typical of teenagers.

The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.

表示部分。
引出部分所從屬的整體。 （自9世紀）

接數詞或其他表示數量的詞

Most of these apples are rotten.

這些蘋果大部分都爛掉了。

But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company

The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death ….

1789, Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 6:

Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.

2010 November 10, Michael Wood, The Guardian:

表示部分。
一個，一些 （自9世紀）

或接在 to be 之後作表語

On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.

總體來說，他們還算體面。

And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XXV:

Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door ….

1846, James Fenimore Cooper, The Redskins:

連接名詞或代詞所有格，表示部分（不過現在經常和“屬有”義合併）。 （自13世紀）

He is a friend of mine.

He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.

1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, IV:

In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.

2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
屬於、存在或發生在某地、某時。對比“起源”義。 （自9世紀）

He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.

他可能是20世紀的最負盛名的科學家。

The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:

Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.

Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.

2003 August 20, Julian Borger, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
經由產權、控制等而屬於（某地） （自9世紀）

The owner of the nightclub was arrested.

In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 ….

The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin ….

2001, Dictionary of National Biography, 2001, page 27:

因具有某種特征而屬於（某物或某人）；“屬格所有形”。（對於抽象名詞，和“主語所有格”有交叉。） （自13世紀）

Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.

保持煮鍋的柄不靠近火焰。

The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs ….

1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4:

It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.

2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, The Guardian:

組成“賓語所有格”。
接施事名詞、動名詞或動作名詞。 （自12世紀）

She had a profound distrust of the police.

And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

1611, Bible, Authorized Version, Matthew IV:

Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.

表達性格或品格。
連接形容詞與名詞/名詞短語，組成準狀語修飾詞；至於，關於 （自13世紀）

My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.

我的同伴看起來友善隨和。

He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.

Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.

2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, The Guardian:

表達性格或品格。
表示品質或特征。 （自13世紀）

Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.

據說維尼熊是一頭不太聰明的熊。

His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.

1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery:

No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.

1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science:

表達性格或品格。
表示數量、年齡、價格等。 （自13世紀）

We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.

She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.

1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday 1924, page 4:

A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.

2006, Serway & Jewett, Principles of Physics, page 428:

表達性格或品格。 連接單數不定名詞（前接不定冠詞）和定語形容詞（由程度副詞修飾）。

It's not that big of a deal.

表達時間點。
……的期間，現在多用於重複或常規的事情。 （自9世紀）

Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.

晚上我們經常沿著河邊散步。

If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday ….

表達時間點。
表示時間的長度。 （自13世紀）

I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while.

表達時間點。
表示狀態、活動等的持續時間。 （自18世紀）

After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.

在延誤三小時過後，飛機終於起飛。

The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.


blind

源自中古英語 blynd，源自古英語 blind，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blind，源自原始日耳曼語 *blindaz。

blinder (comparative)
blindest (superlative)

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king

there are none so blind as those who will not see

Even a blind hen sometimes finds a grain of corn.

瞎猫有时都能碰上死耗子。

甚至瞎的公鸡有时候都能找到一颗玉米粒。

Braille is a writing system for the blind.

布拉耶盲文是盲人使用的书写系统。

his blind eye

盲目的，无法察觉的，视而不见的

The lovers were blind to each other's faults.

相爱的人注意不到对方的缺点。

Authors are blind to their own defects.

作家无法认识到自己的缺点。

a blind path

a blind ditch

a blind corner

死的，不通的，没有出路的

a blind alley

a blind fistula

a blind gut

The naric-hypophysial canal was blind at both ends, and paired olfactory sacs opened into it, as well as a narrow canal from the front of the gut.

1898, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society (page 498)

North Richmond street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free.

封死的 （没有光也不通的）

a blind wall

I shouted, but he didn't take a blind bit of notice.

我大喊起来，但他丝毫没有注意到。

We pulled and pulled, but it didn't make a blind bit of difference.

我们拉啊拉，但是一点儿用都没有。

He took a blind guess at which fork in the road would take him to the airport.

他在岔路口瞎选了一条路去机场。

I went into the meeting totally blind, so I really didn't have a clue what I was talking about.

我啥都不知道就去开会了，所以我完全不知道我自己在说什么。

blind deference

blind justice

blind punishment

This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind reprobation.

1787–1788, John Jay, The Federalist Papers

盲的 （刻意限制给出的信息来避免偏差）

a blind trial

a blind passage in a book; blind writing

书中无法理解的一段；无法辨认的字迹

blind buds

blind flowers


blind

用来藏匿其他东西的东西，遮掩物

a duck blind

The blinds are $10 and $20, and the ante is $1.

The blinds immediately folded when I reraised.


blind

The light was so bright that for a moment he was blinded.

光太亮，一下子晃住了他的眼。

Don't wave that pencil in my face - do you want to blind me?

别拿着那铅笔在我面前晃，想让我瞎吗？

A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds those whom he should lead is […] a much greater.

May 9, 1686 (date of preaching), Robert South, The Fatal Imposture and Force of Words (sermon)


blind

more blind (comparative)
most blind (superlative)

to swear blind

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

Blind bake your pie case for fifteen minutes, then add the filling. This will help avoid a "soggy bottom".

If the shell is going to be baked without a filling, “baking the crust blind,” prick the bottom and sides of the crust to allow the steam to escape. Another variation: line the bottom of the crust with parchment paper […]

2012, Frank D. Conforti, Food Selection and Preparation: A Laboratory Manual, John Wiley & Sons (ISBN 9781118591390), page 63:

PIE WEIGHTS: When you are baking a crust blind, which means when you are partially or fully baking it without filling (see blind-baking, page 474), you need something to keep the crust from puffing up: weights.

2013, Dorie Greenspan, Baking: From My Home to Yours, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (ISBN 9780547348063), page 490:


madam

源自中古英語 madame，源自古法語 madame，源自ma (“我的”) + dame (“贵妇；夫人”)，源自晚期古典拉丁語 mea domina。Madonna的同源對似詞。

同類詞：sir、gentleman

Mrs Grey wondered if the outfit she was trying on made her look fat. The sales assistant just said, “It suits you, madam”.

Grey夫人想知道她试的那件衣服是不是显胖。店员就说：“很合适您，夫人。”

Later, Mrs Grey was sitting in her favourite tea shop. “Would madam like the usual cream cakes and patisserie with her tea?” the waitress asked.

之后Grey夫人坐在她最爱去的茶店。“夫人，您想要常点的奶油蛋糕和法式蛋糕来配您的茶吗？”店员问道。

“Nothing, madam, but a tumbler of wine with a little water—thank you, madam. Mesdames, great events have occurred since I left you.”

1857, Charles Reade, White Lies. A Story., 卷 I, London: Trübner & Co., […]，頁號 276:

I leaned on the hoe, in classic pose, and watched the cowbird try to bust his buttons in that agonizing split whistle which is his serenade to the madam. Perhaps I should say to the mesdames, for this fellow is the Don Juan of the feathered world, with no moral standards and a distinct aversion to anything that resembles domestic ties.

1951 April, John H. Day, “The Breath of April”, 出自 Pennsylvania Game News, 卷 XXII, 期 1, Pennsylvania Game Commission，頁號 27，列號 1:

“[…] This size, madam!” Certainly, the mesdames would not have been interested.

After two years, Madam X was busy enough to take on a partner: Madam Z, aged twenty. Both regularly scouted new marks and told Stead that ‘nurse girls’ (nannies) were the best: ‘there are any number in [the parks] every morning and all are virgins’. Selling maidenhoods was their speciality. ‘Our gentlemen want maids,’ they said, ‘not damaged articles.’ ‘Come,’ he said to the mesdames, ‘what do you say to delivering me five [girls] on Saturday next? . . . Could you deliver me a parcel of maids, for me to distribute among my friends?’ Within a fortnight, the Mesdames had supplied Stead with seven girls between the ages of fourteen and eighteen.

2012, Bridget O’Donnell, Inspector Minahan Makes a Stand: The Missing Girls of England, Picador, →ISBN:

Selina kept pushing and shoving during musical chairs. The nursery school teacher said she was a bad-tempered little madam.

同類詞：(多称呼男性) pimp、brothel-keeper

After she grew too old to work as a prostitute, she became a madam.


catfight

hairpulling contest

（尤指女人之间的）打架，吵架

scragfight

（尤指女人之间的）打架，吵架

The caterwauling from the catfight in the back yard was awful; I couldn't get to sleep until it was over.

后院里猫打架时的叫声太难听了，它们消停下来之前我根本睡不着。

（尤指女人之间的）打架，吵架

Nancy and Sheila got into a catfight when Nancy's boyfriend cheated on her with Sheila.

Female conflict, seen in this kind of structure, works conveniently—it takes note of aggression in women and sets it against other women. Men are spared. The audience applauds. Everyone loves a catfight.

1980, Louise Bernikow, Among Women, New York: Harmony Books，頁號 207:

There was a time when I would get furious and fire off an angry note if someone cast me in a catfight with a woman colleague. I assumed that catfights would fade as women progressed. They seemed so retro.

2005, Maureen Dowd, Are Men Necessary?, →ISBN，頁號 310:


carnivore

借自法語 carnivore，源自拉丁語 carnivorus。動物學義項則是由威廉·惠威爾在1840年造出，來自法語 carnivore（喬治·居維葉所造）。

/ˈkɑːɹ.nɪ.vɔɹ/

carnivoran

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

不是所有的肉食動物都屬於食肉目（比如食肉的鳥類和魚類），也不是所有的食肉目動物都是肉食性的（比如大熊貓）。為了避免這一容易混淆的情況，新詞 carnivoran 可以用來表示“屬於食肉目的動物”。

As juveniles the crocodiles are frequently predated by larger carnivores.

幼年鳄鱼经常被较大的食肉动物捕食。

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

The panda and the panther are both carnivores.

熊猫和黑豹都属于食肉目。


catapult

源自中古法語 catapulte，源自拉丁語 catapulta，源自古希臘語 καταπέλτης (katapéltēs)，源自κατά (katá, “（向下）朝，向”) + πάλλω (pállō, “在投掷物丢出前使其偏向”)。

The candidate selection for running mate has catapulted her to the national scene.

竞选伙伴的候选人提名使她一跃站上了国家级别的舞台。

England will not be catapulted among the favourites for Euro 2012 as a result of this win, but no victory against Spain is earned easily and it is right they take great heart from their efforts as they now prepare to play Sweden at Wembley on Tuesday.

2011年November12日, “International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, 出自 BBC Sport:

She catapulted to the national scene following her selection by the candidate.

候选人选择她以后，她一跃站上了国家级别的舞台。


chisel

源自中古英語 chisel、chesel，源自古諾曼語 chisel, cisel，源自cisoir（后缀改变），源自晚期拉丁語 cīsōrium (“裁切工具”)，源自拉丁語 caedere (“剪”)。

chisels
chiseling
chiselling
chiseled
chiselled

She chiselled a sculpture out of the block of wood.

她把一块木头凿成了一个雕像。


considering

more considering (comparative)
most considering (superlative)

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Your wound doesn't look that bad, considering.

各方面考慮起來，你的傷口看起來其實沒那麼嚴重。


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

考慮到他的罪行的嚴重性，他被判的刑期短得出奇。


crore

借自印度斯坦語 करोड़ / کروڑ (karoṛ)。

crore 通常用於表示金額。

crore 的縮寫方式似乎沒有統一標準。印度媒體常用的縮寫包括 Cr、cr、Cr. 以及 cr.，但大多數情況下仍然以完整形式拼寫。

Following the ban, the government stands to lose ₹30 crore annually, sources said.

消息來源稱，禁令實施後，政府每年將損失三億盧比。

The population of Gujarat is 3.39 crores.

古吉拉特的人口為三千三百九十萬。


level

源自中古英語 level，源自古法語 livel、liveau m（后作nivel）、niveau，源自拉丁語 libella f (“平衡，水平”)，libra f (“平衡，水平”)的指小词。参见libra、librate。libella and niveau的同源對似詞。
动词源自中古英語 levelen，其派生自名词。

leveler (comparative)
leveller (comparative)
levelest (superlative)
levellest (superlative)

This table isn't quite level; see how this marble rolls off it?

这个桌子有点歪，你看弹珠都往下滚了。

the smooth and level pavement

1667, John Milton, “Book 1”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

（以level with构式）（与某人或物同等的）一样高的

We tried to hang the pictures so that the bottom of the frames were level with the dark line in the wallpaper.

我们想要把相片挂到它的底框和报纸中的黑线对齐的地方。

His pulse has been level for 12 hours.

他的脉搏已经稳定了12个小时。

His voice has been unchanged. It has been level for 12 hours.

He kept a level head under stress.

他在压力之下也保持了冷静的头脑。

He kept a level gaze.

a level head; a level understanding

a level consideration

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

The earth's oceans remain level in relation to the pull of gravity.


level

Hand me the level so I can tell if this is correctly installed.

把水平仪递给我一下，我要看看装对了没有。

（相对于某参考面的）高度；层级

By the end of the day, we'd dug down to the level of the old basement floor.

到晚上，我们挖到了旧地下室那一层。

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2013年May17日, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 188, 期 23，頁號 19:

The sound level is much too high; this hurts my ears. We've reached a new level of success.

音量太高了，吵的我耳朵痛。 我们的成功达到了新的高度。

She achieved a high level of distinction.

It took me weeks to get to level seven. Watch out for the next level; the bad guys there are really overpowered.

我玩了好几个星期才玩到第七关。 小心下一关，那里的敌人很厉害。

My half-orc barbarian reached fifth level before he was squashed by a troll.

我的半兽原始人升到了五级，然后就被一个巨魔拍死了。

Take the elevator and get off at the promenade level.

坐电梯到步行大道那一层。

The most common level of the colour variable is red. The other levels are blue and green.

“颜色”变量最常用的值是“红色”，也能用“蓝色”和“绿色”。


level

levels
leveling
levelling
leveled
levelled

You can level the table by turning the pads that screw into the feet.

调整桌角上用螺丝固定的垫子可以把它调平。

This pitfall, beginning in February and finishing in May, resulted in a drop of about 3 ft. in the platform level; during this period it was necessary to level the track three times weekly, and impose a service slack of 15 m.p.h. The subsidence appears now to have finished, and normal speed is once again permitted.

1939 June, “Pertinent Paragraphs: Pitfalls”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 456:

The work involved a complete rewiring of the system, while the addition of four higher-capacity Mechan jacks and the increased length of the new train meant the entire floor (the length of four train carriages) had to be dug up, levelled and strengthened to meet tolerance requirements.

2020年August12日, “Network News: Four new jacks at Clacton depot”, 出自 Rail，頁號 18:

The hurricane leveled the forest.

I levelled after defeating the dragon.

我把龙打败以后就升级了。

将...对准，将...瞄准，使...针对于

He levelled an accusation of fraud at the directors.  The hunter levels the gun before taking a shot.

Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, levelled a quarrel out of a crossbow.

1592, John Stow, The Annales of England:

The force of her horror must have been palpable in the air, because Jorge's eyes opened as she raised the bayonet up. \"Fina?\"

2023年October12日, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, 出自 SCP Foundation，於2024-05-22歸檔自原頁面:

to level all the ranks and conditions of men

将...调整（至某个水平）

to level remarks to the capacity of children

把话说得小孩子也能听明白


clinical

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)

Medicine is now more often practiced in a clinical setting than in the home.

現在醫學治療更多是在臨床環境，而非在患者家裡實施了。

a clinical convert

clinical baptism


certifiably

more certifiably (comparative)
most certifiably (superlative)

He is certifiably nuts.

Due mostly to his latest creation, the whacked-out Guggenheim branch that opened this fall in Bilbao, Spain, the 68-year-old Gehry has gone from being tagged the scary cousin in architecture's dysfunctional family to being certifiably huge.

I don't think the numbers are quite that high today; still, we're glad to be up, up and away and soon over the top— headed for the North Face, Mount Snow's hidden cache of bumped-up, certifiably scary steeps.

2002 November, “Ski”, 出自 (請指定書籍名或刊物名), 卷 67, 號 3，頁號 191:

It is brought up when we gather, often voiced by some of the most physically attractive men there, many of whom are objectively gorgeous, certifiably buff.

2003, David Nimmons, The Soul Beneath the Skin:


confection

源自中古英語 confescioun，借自古法語 confeccion（现代法语confection），源自拉丁語 cōnfectiōnem（主格cōnfectiō），源自confectus，conficere (“准备”)的过去分词，源自com- (“与，和”) + facere (“制作”)。原为“使用原材料制作”，意项“糖果蜜饯”自16世纪初叶起占主导地位。

糖果，蜜饯，甜点，（甜）蛋糕等

The table was covered with all sorts of tempting confections.

桌上摆满了各式各样诱人的甜点。

The defense attorney maintained that the charges were a confection of the local police.

辩方律师坚持认为是本地警方发起的指控。


cologne

略自eau de Cologne < 法語 Eau de Cologne，1709年的原型产品的名字。科隆香水的成功带动了很多仿制品的出现，而后其成为了一个通用商标。参见Cologne。

You stink of too much cologne.


cutlery

源自中古英語 cotellerie、cutleri (“刀匠的工艺品”)，源自古法語 coutelerie（现代法語 coutellerie）。

a cutlery set

This cutlery comes from Normandy, France.


cockeyed

more cockeyed (comparative)
most cockeyed (superlative)

荒唐的，愚蠢的 （一般形容想法而非人）

I'm not going to go along with your cockeyed plot.

我可不想掺和进你那荒唐的阴谋里。

As time went on, and the desultory rifle-fire rattled among the hills, I began to wonder with increasing scepticism whether anything would ever happen to bring a bit of life, or rather a bit of death, into this cock-eyed war.

1938 四月, George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair], 章號 III, 出自 Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:

While he [Bob Dylan] spent six decades singing about heartache, apocalypse and betrayal, a cockeyed humor has always informed his bleak worldview.

2021年May24日, Jason Zinoman, “Happy Birthday, Bob Dylan, Our Most Underappreciated Comic”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


contention

源自中古英語 contencion，借自古法語 contencion，源自拉丁語 contentio, contentionem，源自contendō（过去分词contentus），等价于contend + -tion（类似于attention）。

It is my contention that state lotteries are taxes on stupid people.

我的看法是州彩票是向蠢人征的税。


curvy

curvier (comparative)
curviest (superlative)

I love this woman and her curvy body.

He tried to shift his focus back to Jessica and their wedding, but the soft, curvy blonde he'd met recently was stealing more and more of his attention.

2013, Ava Catori, The Big, Not-So-Small, Curvy Girls Dating Agency, Ava Catori Books:


comical

more comical (comparative)
most comical (superlative)

It was a comical performance.

The tutor excelled in comical scoldings.

He's just put salt in his tea instead of sugar. What a comical error!

Mr. Sanders has scored some rhetorical points against Mrs. Clinton for her longstanding ties to Wall Street, but she has responded well, and it would be comical to watch any of the Republican candidates try to make that case, given that they are all virtually tied to, or actually part of, the business establishment.

2016 January 30, "Hillary Clinton for the Democratic Nomination," The New York Times (retrieved 30 January 2016):


clandestine

源自拉丁語 clandestīnus (“秘密的，隐瞒的”)，对比法語 clandestin。

more clandestine (comparative)
most clandestine (superlative)

covert

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

furtive

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

hush-hush

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

secret

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

secretive

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

undercover

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

秘密的，隐蔽的，隐瞒的，暗中的，地下的

clandestine military operations

Monimia, who while she yielded to his earnest entreaties had always felt, from the natural rectitude of her understanding, the impropriety of their clandestine correspondence, would, he feared, be more than ever sensible of her indiscretion, when she found that a servant was entrusted with it...

1793, Charlotte Smith, 章號 1, 出自 The Old Manor House, 卷 3:

Whether the torments of absence were softened by a clandestine correspondence, let us not inquire. Mr. and Mrs. Morland never did.

1818, Jane Austen, 章號 31, 出自 Northanger Abbey:

Wildeve's clandestine plan with her was to take a little gravel in his hand and hold it to the crevice at the top of the window shutter, which was on the outside, so that it should fall with a gentle rustle, resembling that of a mouse, between shutter and glass.

1878, Thomas Hardy, 章號 11, 出自 The Return of the Native:

Lady Bullingdon could not, of course, countenance such an arrangement for a moment, and the two unhappy persons escaped for a clandestine marriage.

1912, G. K. Chesterton, 章號 9, 出自 Manalive:

Bodies were always a nuisance -- even the small guinea-pig bodies from the slight clandestine experiments in West’s room at the boarding-house.

1922, H. P. Lovecraft, Herbert West: Reanimator:

Probably, the Master-at-arms' clandestine persecution of Billy was started to try the temper of the man...

1924, Herman Melville, 章號 13, 出自 Billy Budd:

As I stand at the edge of existence; nameless shores of infinity. Perpetual unbirth unraveling distance, clandestine truths unveiled.

2003, “Fugue”, 出自 Trivium 作曲, Ember To Inferno:

In my imagination, all work place encounters between men and women result in clandestine sex.

And I don't want anyone to think I dislike Catholicism because I don't. It's actually my favourite form of clandestine global evil.


corollary

源自中古英語，源自晚期拉丁語 corōllārium (“为花冠支付钱；礼物，酬金；推导”)，源自corōlla (“小花冠”)，corōna (“冠，王冠”)的指小词。

/ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/

/kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/

顺便做的事情，顺水推舟达成的结果

Finally getting that cracked window fixed was a nice corollary of redoing the whole storefront.

翻修整个商店的时候终于能顺便把那个破窗修了。

We have proven that this set is finite and well ordered; as a corollary, we now know that there is an order-preserving map from it to the natural numbers.

我们证明了这个集合有穷有序，进而推导出，存在一个它到自然数的保序映射。


consist

源自中古法語 consister，源自拉丁語 consistō (“站在一起；停下；变硬，固化；同意；继续；存在”)，源自com- (“一起”) + sistō (“站立；使...站立”)。

由...构成，由...组成，包含

The greeting package consists of some brochures, a pen, and a notepad.

欢迎礼包里有几本小册子，一支钢笔和一本笔记本。

The men resided in a huge bunk house, which consisted of one room only, with a shack outside where the cooking was done. In the large room were a dozen bunks ; half of them in a very dishevelled state,[…]。

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 6, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2013年July19日, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 卷 189, 期 6，頁號 18:


consist

源自consist（动词）。

The train's consist included a baggage car, four passenger cars, and a diner.

這一列車編組包括一節行李車、四節客車，以及一節餐車。


countess

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 cuntesse、古法語 contesse，源自拉丁語 comitessa，等价于count + -ess。contessa的同源對似詞。

Elizabeth Millicent Leveson-Gower is 24th Countess of Sutherland; her son will be the 25th Earl.


commensurate

源自拉丁語 com- (表示一起的前缀) + mēnsūrō。

more commensurate (comparative)
most commensurate (superlative)

/kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/

/kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/

commensurate punishments

If it is essential in our interests to maintain a quasi-permanent position of power on the Asian mainland as against the Chinese then we must be prepared to continue to pay the present cost in Vietnam indefinitely and to meet any escalation on the other side with at least a commensurate escalation of commitment of our own.

1962, Senator Mike Mansfield, "Report to the President on Southeast Asia-Vietnam"

Kettering will become an important interchange for passengers making these journeys, and EMR is considering improvements to the station's facilities commensurate with this status.

2019 October, Tony Miles and Philip Sherratt, “EMR kicks off new era”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 54:


washout

wash out 的動詞派生詞。

washaway

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠

The cistern was fitted with washouts and air-valves.

As an actor he was a complete washout, so he went back to accounting.

他的表演生涯很失败，所以他又干回了会计。

冲洗；冲洗液；冲洗出的物体

a bladder washout


courageous

繼承自中古英語 corajous，來自古法語 corageus，來自corage + -eus。

more courageous (comparative)
most courageous (superlative)

/kəˈɹeɪd͡ʒəs/

bold

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

brave

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

hardy

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

valorous

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

the most courageous person I have ever met

In 1979, following Jimmy Carter’s unexpected and unreasonable decision to transfer diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act to preserve our relationship with this courageous nation. We believed that it was vital for our allies and for those who were not our allies to know that the United States would not abandon its friends.

1979年，在吉米·卡出人意料且不合理地决定将外交承认从台北转至北京之后，国会通过了《台湾关系法》，以维护我们与这个勇敢国家的关系。我们认为，让我们的盟友和非盟友了解美国不会抛弃朋友至关重要。

2005, Jesse Helms, “Foreign Relations Experiences”, 出自 Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁號s 228–229:

a courageous deed


condescending

more condescending (comparative)
most condescending (superlative)

Quit talking to me in that condescending tone! You always treat me like a child!

别一副居高临下的语气和我说话！你老是把我当小孩子！

As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

2022年January12日, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, 出自 RAIL, 期 948，頁號 3:


cranky

源自crank + -y。对比中古低地德語 krankich (“不太舒服的”)。

crankier (comparative)
crankiest (superlative)

脾气不好的，易怒的，暴躁的

He got home from a long day at work tired and cranky.

他忙了一天工作回到家，又累心情又差。


demean

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav

贬低身份，有损尊严；降低价值

People living in Wuhan didn't worry about being demeaned by wearing a face mask.

生活在武汉的人们并不担心因为带口罩而被别人贬低。


cutter

a stone cutter; a die cutter

In some CNC programs, the diameter of the cutter (such as an end mill) is handled by cutter compensation codes.

在某些 CNC 程序中，刀具（例如立铣刀）的直径由刀具补偿代码处理。

The intervening years, however, were spent as a cutter. He was, indeed, one of the best film editors in the business, winning an Academy Award for Body and Soul (1947).

Chico Pacheco kept repeating the phrase between clenched teeth, lamenting the wasted days of his youth; he had been a notorious cutter of classes.

1988, Jorge Amado, Home is the Sailor (page 55)

用於執行公務的重型摩托艇

a coastguard cutter


kibble

不详，约1790年出现动词用法，系什罗普郡方言。可能是chip的变体或派生自词源2。

kibbled oats


cower

源自中古英語 couren、cowre，源自中古低地德語 kûren (“潜伏；游荡”)或北日耳曼語支（冰島語 kúra (“打盹”)）。同源词包括德語 kauern (“蹲伏”)、荷蘭語 koeren (“蹲守”)、塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 kutriti (“躺着缩成一团”)、瑞典語 kura (“蜷缩”)。与coward无关，其源自拉丁语。

He'd be useless in war. He'd just cower in his bunker until the enemy came in and shot him, or until the war was over.

打仗的时候他肯定没用，他肯定会缩在地堡里，一直到敌人进来把他枪毙了，或者战争打完。

Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire.

1700, John Dryden, "The Cock and the Fox", in Fables, Ancient and Modern, published March 1700:


definitely

more definitely (comparative)
most definitely (superlative)

Joe definitely doesn't know how to drive a tractor.

佐伊肯定不知道怎樣開拖拉機。

She said she wasn't coming, definitely.


dependable

more dependable (comparative)
most dependable (superlative)

He was a very dependable person.


deadpan

more deadpan (comparative)
most deadpan (superlative)

a deadpan face or look

deadpan behaviour or speech

The comedian remained deadpan.


demented

dement的过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmentāre。

more demented (comparative)
most demented (superlative)

One of these new recruits is Jagger Froid, a demented alien from the Black Hole Galaxy, who dishes out punishment with a laser-sharp tongue.

c. 1990, How to Play Super C (PDF) (instruction manual), Konami, page 4:

a demented idea


demote

James was demoted from branch manager to assistant manager due to his poor discipline.

James由于不守纪律，被从副经理降职成了分店经理。

In 1036, shortly after arriving at Yi-ling, Ou-yang Hsiu sent a lengthy letter to his friend, Yin Shu, who had been demoted at the same time as Ou-yang Hsiu and sent to Ying-chou (modern Chung-hsiang, Hupeh).

1984, Ronald C. Egan, The Literary Works of Ou-yang Hsiu (1007-72), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁號 93:


confound

源自中古英語 confounden (“摧毁；迷惑”)，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 cunfundre和古法語 confondre，源自拉丁語 confundō (“混合，搅混”)。与found (“冶炼”)（与found (“创始”)和find无关）、fusion有关。

Don't confound the situation by yelling.

While she had obeyed him, smiling sweetly all the time, she had nursed a growing resentment of what she called his "Latin American macho attitude." To confound the problem, his mother, who lived with them on and off, was described by the wife as being as domineering as her son.

1983, Carol M. Anderson, Susan Stewart, Mastering Resistance: A Practical Guide to Family Therapy:

His actions confounded the skeptics.

他的行为让怀疑他的人羞愧不已。

诅咒 （语气较轻的骂人话）

Confound you!

Confound the lady!

"Number 43 is no better, Doctor," said the head-warder, in a slightly reproachful accent, looking in round the corner of my door.
"Confound 43!" I responded from behind the pages of the Australian Sketcher.

1882, Arthur Conan Doyle, “My Friend the Murderer”, 出自 The Gully of Bluemansdyke and Other Stories:


deft

源自中古英語 defte、daft (“温柔的”)，源自古英語 dæfte (“温和的，温柔的，温顺的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *daftī (“合适的”)，派生自*dabaną (“合适”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“适”)。相近同源词包括哥特語 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆𐍃 (gadōfs, “合适的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 deftich (“杰出的”)、荷蘭語 deftig (“杰出的”)、德語 deftig (“粗野的”)。较远同源词包括俄語 добро (dobro, “财富，物资”)和拉丁語 faber (“匠人；熟练的”)。

defter (comparative)
deftest (superlative)

He assembled it in one fluid, deft motion.

他流畅灵活地一下把它组装了起来。


demeanor

源自中古英語 demenure，源自中古英語 demenen, demeinen (“处理”, 动词)，源自古法語 demener (“引导”)，源自de- + mener (“引领，引导”)，源自拉丁語 *mināre (“驱动，驱使”)和minor (“丢出，伸出”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-demeanor.wav

举动，动作，行为 （显现某人特点的身体语言，表情等）

The man's demeanor made others suspicious of his intentions.

那个人的行为让人怀疑起他的目的。

A confident demeanor is crucial for persuading others.

要说服他人就应该有自信的神态。

At this present (saith he) certeine princes of Britaine, procuring by ambassadors and dutifull demeanors the amitie of the emperour Augustus, haue offered in the capitoll vnto the gods presents or gifts, and haue ordeined the whole Ile in a manner to be appertinent, proper, and familiar to the Romans.

a. 1587, Raphael Holinshed, 引 Strabo, Historie of England, Book III:

Demeanors that are apologetic and overly polite are inherently contradictory to demeanors that exhibit fear and anger.

1993, “Interrogation: The Kinesics Technique”, 出自 John J. Fay 編, Encyclopedia of Security Management, →ISBN，頁號 418:


demise

借自中古法語 démise，démettre的阴性单数过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmissa，dēmittō的完成时被动分词的阴性单数形式。

The lack of funding ultimately led to the project's demise.

项目最终因缺乏融资而告吹。


commute

借自拉丁語 commūtō。

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

to commute tithes into rentcharges for a sum

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

to commute daily fares for a season ticket

to commute the daily toll for a year's pass

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

His prison sentence was commuted to probation.

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

交换，代偿；减轻（惩罚，责任等）；将...兑现

用一笔钱来把什一税转为地租

to commute market rents for a premium

（指某种操作）可交换，可适用交换律

A pair of matrices share the same set of eigenvectors if and only if they commute.

两个矩阵有相同的特征值，当且仅当它们可交换。


commute

源自commutation ticket，即用于铁路，有轨电车等的，一次性支付能够使用一段时间的通行券。

I commute from Brooklyn to Manhattan by bicycle.

我在布鲁克林和曼哈顿之间用自行车通勤。


dishwasher

源自中古英語 dysche wescheare，等价于dish + washer。

load the dishwasher


compliment

借自法語 compliment，借自意大利語 complimento，借自西班牙語 cumplimiento，源自cumplir (“顺从，遵守，完成”)。complement的同源對似詞。取代了本土的古英語词ġeswǣsnes。

pay someone a compliment

Virtue indeed meets many a rhiming friend,

1782, William Cowper, “Table Talk” in Poems, London: J. Johnson, p. 37,


divination

/ˌdɪvɨˈneɪʃən/

The Neo-Platonic Theory of Divination


denizen

源自中古英語 denisein，源自古法語 denzein，源自deinz (“内部”) + -ein，源自晚期拉丁語 deintus (“自内部”)，其衍生出法語 dans。

The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.

巨型鱿鱼是栖息深海的众多生物之一。

[…] adversity bends the heart as fire bends the stubborn steel, and those who are no longer their own governors, and the denizens of their own free independent state, must crouch before strangers.

1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 39,

The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.

1912: Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 6

The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.

那间酒吧的常客都是粗野之人。

He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.

1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Chapter 26,

As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.

2015年February20日, Russell Brand, “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, 出自 The Guardian (London):

Then by commaundement wer all Fre[n]chemen and Scottes imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes […]

1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, London, The xiiii yere,

A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both.

1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374

All free persons were authorized and permitted to transport themselves, their families, and goods […] to Jamaica，源自any part of the British dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were declared free denizens of England, entitled to the same privileges as free born subjects of England.

1803, John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, p. xlv,

Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford.

The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.

秃鹰是这个州北部的生物。


denizen

给...授予公民身份，归化

He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.

他逃离祖国后归化到了爱尔兰。

[The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.

1664, John Evelyn, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, London: 1670, Chapter 7, “Of the Chesnut,” p. 42,

Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here:

1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38,


detrimental

來自中世紀拉丁語 *dētrīmentālis，來自拉丁語 dētrīmentum (“損傷”)，來自dēterō (“擦掉，磨損”)，來自dē- (“向下，遠離”) + terō (“擦或抓”)。

more detrimental (comparative)
most detrimental (superlative)

Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.

"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."

1842, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Lady Anne Granard, 卷 1，頁號s 142-143:


dereference

/dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/

follow

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

resolve

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

间接访问，间接存取，解引用，解参考（访问一个指针或类似数据类型的值所指向的内存中的值）

Attempting to dereference a null pointer often results in a crash.

试图间接引用空指针常会导致程序崩溃。

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

在Unix或类Unix操作系统中

With the find command, any symbolic links appearing after -follow will be dereferenced.

使用find命令后，-follow后接的符号链接将被间接访问。


dissociative

It was a lonely, dissociative time in my life, when I stayed holed up in my apartment for weeks on end.

那是我生活中一段孤独，离群的时期，那时我呆在公寓里一连好几个星期。

The dissociative techniques separated ammonium chloride into hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

离解法将氯化铵分解为了盐酸和氨。

He had to take a few weeks off school after a dissociative episode.

他分离性障碍发作以后休学了几个星期。


dereliction

源自拉丁語 dērelictiō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dērelinquō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dē- + re- + linquō (“离开”)。

The new soldier did not clean his cabin and was scolded for dereliction and disobedience.

新兵没有清理自己的隔间，被骂渎职，违抗命令。

What he did was a terrible dereliction of duty.

他犯了很严重的玩忽职守。

And his final act—leaving the Watch to accompany Tormund and the Wildlings back into the woods North of the wall—no longer seems like a dereliction of duty. It’s the recovery of duty, found by a man who feels he betrayed his queen, who thinks there’s no longer a place for him in these lands.

2019年May19日, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:


culminate

自1647年起可考，源自中世紀拉丁語 culminatus，culminare (“给...加冕”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 culmen (“顶点”)，早期形式columen (“顶峰”)，源自原始意大利語 *kolamen，源自原始印歐語词根*kol-, *kelH- (“展现；顶”)，其亦派生出英語 hill和holm。

peak

登顶，达到顶峰 （可指物理上的顶峰，也可指比喻义）

达到高潮，达到关键点，（尤指）结果，告终，收场

Mr. Bush has been marking the fifth anniversary of Sept. 11 with a series of speeches about terrorism that culminated with his televised address last night.

2006年September12日, “President Bush’s Reality”, 出自 New York Times:

Their messy breakup culminated in a restraining order.

他们闹的一场分手最后以限制令收场。

The class will culminate with a rigorous examination.

这堂课最后会有一场严格的考试。


debilitate

拉丁語 debilitatus，debilitare (“使...变弱”)的过去分词，源自形容词debilis (“弱的”)，源自de- + habilis (“能够...的”)。

enervate

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

enfeeble

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

weaken

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

The American Dream suffered a debilitating effect after the subprime crisis.

美国梦在次贷危机后经历了一次衰落。

Twice, they found themselves behind, seemingly on their way out, and on both occasions they absolutely refused to let their lack of numbers debilitate them.

2015年March12日, Daniel Taylor, “Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, 出自 The Guardian (London):


deplorable

原始印歐語詞
 *de
形容词借自法語 déplorable (“可悲的”)，或源自其词源晚期拉丁語 dēplōrābilis + 英語 -able (“能够...的”)。其中Dēplōrābilis派生自拉丁語 dēplōrō (“抱怨；痛惜，悲痛”) + -ābilis (“能够...的，应受...的”)，而dēplōrō源自dē- (程度增强前缀) + plōrō (“喊出；抱怨；悲痛”)（可能源自原始印歐語 *pleh₃(w)- (“流；游泳”)）。
名词派生自形容词。美国政治相关义项指的是美国政客及民主党人希拉里·克林顿（1947年生）在2016年美国总统选举期间的一次讲话中说，她的对手共和党人唐纳德·特朗普（1946年生）的支持者是“basket of deplorables”（一群可悲的人）。

more deplorable (comparative)
most deplorable (superlative)

/dɪˈplɔːɹəbəɫ/

极差的，恶劣的，应遭谴责的

Poor children suffer permanent damage due to deplorable living conditions and deplorable treatment by law enforcement.

贫困儿童因恶劣的生活环境和执法机构对其的不公待遇而遭受永久性创伤。

Poor children are often accused of having deplorable manners, when they are, in fact, simply responding to society in ways that mirror how society treats them.

贫困儿童常被指责教养差，但其实他们只是以社会对待他们的方式回应社会而已。

We were all saddened by the deplorable death of his son.

我们都为他儿子的悲惨离世而深感痛心。

There was a youth and his mother, and a maidservant on board, who were going passengers, and thinking the ship was ready to sail, unhappily came on board the evening before the hurricane began; and having no provisions of their own left, they were in a more deplorable condition than the rest.

1719, Daniel Defoe, The life and adventures of Robinson Crusoe

If, however, the early symptoms of insanity be neglected till the brain becomes accustomed to the irregular actions of disease, or till organic changes take place from the early violence of those actions, then the case becomes hopeless of cure. In this situation, in too many cases, the victim of this deplorable malady is cast off by his friends, thrust into a dungeon or in chains, there to remain till the shattered intellect shall exhaust all its remaining energies in perpetual raving and violence, till it sinks into hopeless and deplorable idiocy.

1840, Public Documents of the State of Maine, "Report Relating to the Insane Hospital", Committee on Public Buildings


downtrodden

源自downtrod的过去分词。

more downtrodden (comparative)
most downtrodden (superlative)

a patch of downtrodden soil


divulge

拉丁語 divulgare，源自di- (“widely”) + vulgare (“公布，发行”)。

disclose

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

I will never divulge that secret to anyone.

我不会把那个秘密告诉其他人。

In an interview with The Economist last year, he insisted his attack on the CPP had nothing to do with his views on global warming, which he would not divulge.

2016, December 8, The Economist, The president-elect's EPA head may not believe in climate change

Here then is a letter from a young man whose name I must not reveal, but whom I will designate as D. F., and whose address I must not divulge, but will simply indicate as Q. Street, West.

1910, Stephen Leacock, Literary Lapses, "How to Avoid Getting Married"


corny

源自中古英語 corny，等价于corn + -y。至于义项“陈腐的”，源自“corn catalogue jokes”，即印在邮寄作物种子目录内的笑话，常被认为质量较低。

cornier (comparative)
corniest (superlative)

kitsch

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

kitschy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

cheesy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

tacky

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

campy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

schlocky

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

schmaltzy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

The duct tape and wire was a pretty corny solution.

用防尘胶带和电线也太没有新意了。

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

The movie was okay, but the love scene was really corny.

那部电影还行，但是恋爱那部分太套路了。

He sent a bouquet of twelve red roses and a card: "Roses are red, Violets are blue, Sugar is sweet, And so are you." How corny is that!

他送了一束十二朵玫瑰的花束，还有一张卡片：“玫瑰是红的，紫罗兰是蓝的，糖是甜的，你也是甜的。”真是土爆了！


concoct

源自拉丁語 concoctiō (“消化”)，源自con- (“一起”)和coquō (“烹煮”)。

[kʰəŋˈkʰɒkt]

to concoct a potion

to concoct a new dish

Their only regret was, that Mademoiselle Carrara would taste none of the conserves and the pastry they were so busily concocting.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 IX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁號 103:

Pecan shells make good fuel, and they are used by leather tanners to concoct their foul-smelling compounds, and sometimes we mix them with charcoal in hand-soap to make a really good scrubbing agent

2007, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Well of Tears: Book Two of The Crowthistle Chronicles, Tor Books, →ISBN:

The twelve include Jill (she used to be a chicken-and-potatoes girl, but now she's willing to try whatever I concoct), […]

2014, Lisa Howard, Healthier Gluten-Free, Fair Winds Press (MA) (ISBN 9781592335985), page 171:

to concoct a cunning plan

On the other hand, the finest argument ever concocted, the concentrated wisdom drawn from men and books, will fail to charm, like the hilarity of a dance, or the splendour of a gala, the young, gay girl, whose spirits are exuberant, and whose heart is untouched by care, and who, a dozen years afterwards, would, in calm cheerfulness, listen lovingly, and examine carefully, the pleaded reasons offered to her judgment.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 XXVI, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁號 34:

He had two beautiful daughters who fell in love with men he approved of and he wanted to give them the most lavish double wedding he could concoct.

2005, Jean Ferris, Into the Wind: Part One, iUniverse, →ISBN，頁號 161:


earshot

I'll row out on the lake but stay within earshot.

我准备划进湖里，但是我会待在能听得到的地方。

Ananda hit the target, an iron drum，源自a distance of two earshots. Devadatta，源自a distance of four earshots, Sundarananda from a distance of six earshots, and Dandapani [found his target] from one league.

2013, Buton Richen Drup, Buton's History of Buddhism in India and Its Spread to Tibet:


disarming

more disarming (comparative)
most disarming (superlative)

a disarming smile

Foremost in her arsenal is that smile – so enormous and so absurdly disarming that someone should have worked out a way to harness its power into international conflict resolution.

2014年January21日, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Review):


earthenware

/ˈəːθ(ə)nwɛː/

同類詞：stoneware

earthenware bowl


dingus

可能有多个词源。部分借自荷蘭語 dinges (“玩意，东西”)、ding (“东西”)。考虑到其在南非的使用，可能也部分借自南非荷兰语。拼写dingus是调整了原词形，使其形似带有后缀-us的拉丁語单词。

I just lost my keys again. Now I feel like a dingus.

我又把钥匙弄丢了，现在我觉得自己真蠢。


devilish

源自中古英語 develissh、develyssh，等价于devil + -ish。同源词包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 düvelsk、düüwelsk (“恶魔般的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 duvelsk (“恶魔般的”)、荷蘭語 duivels (“恶魔般的”)、德國低地德語 düvelsk (“恶魔般的”)、德語 teuflisch (“恶魔般的”)、丹麥語 djævelsk (“恶魔般的”)、瑞典語 djävulsk (“恶魔般的”)、挪威語 djevelsk (“恶魔般的”)。

more devilish (comparative)
most devilish (superlative)

a devilish grin

A devilish effort yielded a devilish success.

不懈努力会带来巨大成功。


diatribe

首次可考于1581年，借自法語 diatribe，源自拉丁語 diatriba (“学术讨论，学术演讲”)，源自古希臘語 διατριβή (diatribḗ, “消磨时间的方式，演讲”)，源自διά (diá, “通过，经由”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “浪费，耗费”)。

The senator was prone to diatribes which could go on for more than an hour.


devastate

源自拉丁語 dēvastātus，dēvastō 的現在時被動分詞，源自 dē- (增補前綴) + vastō (“毀滅，破壞”)。

嚴重破壞；毀滅，摧毀（實體的事物，或是想法、信仰和強烈的觀點）

The hurricane devastated the small island.

The news of his death devastated his family and friends.

他去世的消息讓他的家人和朋友們極度悲痛。


couth

That man has no couth.

There is an aspect of the cultural conservative argument that sometimes drifts dangerously close to tha view, elitist to the core, as elitist as the New Class, as elitist as limousine liberalism: The public ain't got no couth. You can hear those old-fashioned elitist wheels spinning: Maybe we need a few government regulations to deal with the couth shortage.

1995, Ben[jamin] J[oseph] Wattenberg, “Those Darn Cultural Issues”, 出自 Values Matter Most: How Democrats or Republicans or a Third Party Can Win and Renew the American Way of Life, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, part 2 (What It’s Not)，頁號 107:

My daughters have long and inappropriately been members of the Committee to Reform Dad's Hygiene, taking me to task for my supposed lack of couth.

2004, W[illiam] Bruce Cameron, “How to Increase a Man’s Couth”, 出自 How to Remodel a Man: Tips and Techniques on Accomplishing Something You Know Is Impossible but Want to Try Anyway, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN; 再版為 How to Remodel a Man: You Know It’s Impossible but You Want to Try Anyway, London: HarperCollins, 2005, →ISBN，頁號 62:

Couth and manners are intensely subjective concepts. Each culture has its own standards of acceptable table manners, for instance.

2005, Heidi Munan, Culture Shock!: Malaysia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette (Culture Shock!), Portland, Or.: Graphics Art Center Pub. Co., →ISBN，頁號 86:

You got no couth, Ed. You was raised no-count is what you were. No count and you ain't got a lick of couth.

2006, Mark Powell, Blood Kin: A Novel, Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, →ISBN，頁號 97:


dreary

源自中古英語 drery，源自古英語 drēoriġ (“悲伤的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *dreuzagaz (“血腥的”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰrews- (“破坏，粉碎”)，等价于drear + -y。同源词包括荷蘭語 treurig (“悲伤的，阴郁的”)、低地德語 trurig (“悲伤的”)、德語 traurig (“悲伤的”)、古諾爾斯語 dreyrigr (“血腥的”)。与古英語 drēor (“血，滴下的血”)、古英語 drysmian (“变阴沉”)有关。

drearier (comparative)
more dreary (comparative)
dreariest (superlative)
most dreary (superlative)

阴沉的，荒凉的，凄凉的，悲怆的

It had rained for three days straight, and the dreary weather dragged the townspeople's spirits down.

雨连续下了三天，阴沉的天气使人们的心情也郁郁寡欢。

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary...

在好久以前一个凄凉的午夜，疲惫不堪的我想道...

It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils.

1818, Mary Shelley, 章號 V, 出自 Frankenstein, 卷 1:


extravaganza

extravaganzas (plural)
extravaganze (plural)

不羁的，混乱的或奢华的行动或活动

The bride had her heart set on a simple wedding, but her parents insisted on a three-hundred-guest extravaganza.

新娘本来已经决定要办一场简单的婚礼了，但她父母坚持要办一个300个来宾的盛宴。


enrapture

/ɪnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ɛnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

使...欣喜，使...陶醉

Her song enraptured the audience with vivid images of the Scandinavian landscapes.

她的歌曲让观众陶醉于斯堪的纳维亚的景色中。


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002, Michel Faber, The Crimson Petal and the White, Canongate Books (2010)，頁號 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


downtime

I've been working all weekend. I need some downtime.

我整个周末都在工作，我需要休息一下。

But scientists point to an unanticipated side effect: when people keep their brains busy with digital input, they are forfeiting downtime that could allow them to better learn and remember information, or come up with new ideas.

2010年August24日, Matt Richtel, “Digital Devices Deprive Brain of Needed Downtime”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

“‘We need to use the downtime, when things are calm, to prepare for when things get serious in the decades to come,’ he has said. ‘The time we have now is valuable, and we need to make use of it.’”

2021年March19日, James Fallows, 引 Demis Hassabis, “Can Humans Be Replaced by Machines?”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


encroach

源自中古英語 encrochen，源自古法語 encrochier (“占领”)，源自古法語 en- + croc (“钩子”)，源自日耳曼語族。详见crook。

占有，侵占，侵犯；蚕食，侵蚀

Now stands the Brere like a lord alone, / Puffed up with pryde and vaine pleasaunce. / But all this glee had no continuaunce: / For eftsones winter gan to approche; / The blustering Boreas did encroche, / And beate upon the solitarie Brere; / For nowe no succoure was seene him nere.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: Conteyning Tvvelue Æglogues Proportionable to the Twelue Monethes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman most Worthy of all Titles both of Learning and Cheualrie M. Philip Sidney, London: Printed by Hugh Singleton, dwelling in Creede Lane neere vnto Ludgate at the signe of the gylden Tunne, and are there to be solde, OCLC 606515406; republished in Francis J[ames] Child, editor, The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser: The Text Carefully Revised, and Illustrated with Notes, Original and Selected by Francis J. Child: Five Volumes in Three, volume III, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, Cambridge, published 1855, OCLC 793557671, page 406, lines 222–228:

Because change itself would absolutely stay-stable, and again, conversely, stability itself would change, if each of them encroached on the other.

2005, Plato, 譯者 Lesley Brown, Sophist，頁號 252d:

I won't encroach on your time any longer.

He never allows work to encroach upon his family life.

他从不让工作占领他和家人的时间。

Gradually the negative feelings encroached into her work.

负面情绪渐渐地侵蚀她的工作。


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March, “Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 160:


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

We don't have a duty to keep you here.

我們沒有義務把你留在這裡。

I’m on duty from 6 pm to 6 am.

我從下午6點到早上6點值班。


exquisite

源自拉丁語 exquīsītus，exquīrō (“找出，找到”)的过去分词。

more exquisite (comparative)
most exquisite (superlative)

上好的，优质的，杰出的，突出的，卓越的

They sell good coffee and pastries, but their chocolate is exquisite.

他们卖的咖啡和糕点不错，但是他们的巧克力很棒。

Sourav Ganguly scored an exquisite century in his debut Test match.

exquisite pain or pleasure

挑剔的，严苛的，非常讲究的

exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment

严格的判断，挑剔的品味或挑剔的眼光


elegiac

源自中古法語 élégiaque，源自拉丁語 elegīacus，源自古希臘語 ἐλεγειακός (elegeiakós)。

more elegiac (comparative)
most elegiac (superlative)

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/

the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter


elusive

源自拉丁語 elusus，eludo (“闪避（一击），欺骗”)的过去分词。

more elusive (comparative)
most elusive (superlative)

难以掌控的： 难以捕获的，难以抓住的

The elusive criminal was arrested.


enshrine

Other measures, such as compensation for victims, will be enshrined in the proposed new law.

其他手段，比如补偿受害者，将出现于新法中。

The links were mostly to newspaper articles and public records, and Google refused to comply, but with the “right to be forgotten” enshrined as a key objective of the European Union’s 2011 data protection strategy, more and bigger cases are likely to follow.

2011年April19日, Sumit Paul-Choudhury, “Digital legacy: The fate of your online soul”, 出自 NewScientist:

In total, it would have enshrined over 100 rights into Chile’s national charter, more than any other constitution in the world, including the right to housing, education, clean air, water, food, sanitation, internet access, retirement benefits, free legal advice and care “from birth to death.”

2022年September4日, Jack Nicas, “Chile Says ‘No’ to Left-Leaning Constitution After 3 Years of Debate”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


wack

wacker (comparative)
wackest (superlative)

Every record they ever made was straight-up wack.

他们做过的唱片都好难听。


entrench

/ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

将...用壕沟围起来，用壕沟防守

The army entrenched its camp, or entrenched itself.

军队用在军营周围挖了壕沟。 或 军队用壕沟进行防守。

Senator Cornpone was able to entrench by spending millions on each campaign.

Cornpone参议员在竞选活动上花了上百万以后才得以巩固自己的地位。

Given these entrenched ideological assumptions about the colonial order, it is no wonder that the state and those groups with an interest in the status quo viewed with suspicion and hostility any challenges to the fixed and "natural" boundaries between different sorts of people.

2009, Andrew B. Fisher, Matthew O'Hara, “Forward”, 出自 Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America，頁號 4:

For London to have its own exclusive immigration policy would exacerbate the sense that immigration benefits only certain groups and disadvantages the rest. It would entrench the gap between London and the rest of the nation. And it would widen the breach between the public and the elite that has helped fuel anti-immigrant hostility.

2013年September28日, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-28:


bright

形容词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮的，明亮的；强烈的；闪亮的；辉煌的；（指人）美丽的，面色红润的；极佳的；清晰的；（指视觉）明晰的；（比喻义）无罪过的；开明的”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 bryht、breht (诺森伯兰)，字母换位自byrht (盎格鲁)、beorht (西萨克逊)、berht (“明晰的”) [以及其他形式]，源自原始西日耳曼語 *berht，源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰerHǵ- (“照，使...变白”)。
名词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮，闪亮；阳光；光”)，源自bright (形容词)：见上文。
英语词的同源词包括阿爾巴尼亞語 bardhë (“白的”)、荷蘭語 brecht (用于人名)、冰島語 bjartur (“明亮的”)、立陶宛語 brekšta (“破晓”)、中古愛爾蘭語 brafad (“眨眼”)、挪威語 bjart (“光亮的，明晰的”)、波斯語 برازیدن (barâzidan, “美化；适宜于”)、北盧里語 بڵێز (bełız, “火焰”) 俄語 бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “破晓；发微光；（比喻义，指希望，思想等）出现，显现”)、梵語 भ्राजते (bhrājate)、低地蘇格蘭語 bricht (“明亮的”)、威爾士語 berth (“美丽的”) (弃用)。

brighter (comparative)
brightest (superlative)

明亮的，发光的，闪耀的，照耀的；炫目的

The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.

夏天里的那天，蓝色的天空格外的闪耀夺目。

Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]

1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC，頁號 22:

Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 372 and 381–382:

There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.

1897, Bram Stoker, “Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, 出自 Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC，頁號 95:

Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.

能把灯调暗点吗？太亮了。

The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.

客厅的橙色蓝色相间的墙壁比厨房的单调灰色的墙鲜艳多了。

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 II, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC，頁號 15:

I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.

今天起床心情特别好，好到我跳了支舞。

Their spirits had risen a little at the discovery of the path, but now they sank into their boots; and yet they would not give it up and go away. The hobbit [Bilbo Baggins] was no longer much brighter than the dwarves. He would do nothing but sit with his back to the rock-face and stare[…]。

1937年September21日, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “On the Doorstep”, 出自 The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, 3rd版, London: Unwin Books, George Allen & Unwin, 出版於 1966 (1970 printing), →ISBN，頁號 191:

She has a bright future ahead.

Things are going great, and they're only getting better / I'm doing all right, getting good grades / The future's so bright, I gotta wear shades

1986, Pat MacDonald （作曲作詞）, “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”, 出自 Greetings from Timbuk3, 演出者 Timbuk3:

If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.

他努力训练的话就很有希望能赢得那场竞赛。

She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.

她很聪明，不需要我帮忙就解决了那个问题。

―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁號 573:

Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.

2013年August3日, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2013-08-03歸檔自原頁面:


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

同類詞：diabolo、whirligig

I bought a yo-yo from the toy store yesterday.

我昨天在玩具商店買了一個溜溜球。

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985, Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, 出自 Brothers in Arms, 演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


esoteric

源自古希臘語 ἐσωτερικός (esōterikós, “属于内圈的”)，源自ἐσωτέρω (esōtérō, “更往里”)，ἔσω (ésō, “在里面”)的比较级，源自ἐς (es)、εἰς (eis, “向里”)（本词原指希腊哲学家的秘密授课，与公开的或exoteric的相对）。

more esoteric (comparative)
most esoteric (superlative)

/ˌiːs.əʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/

/ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/

arcane

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

recondite

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

acroamatic

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

cerebral

理论性的 （带有神秘或宗教色彩）

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

The writing in this manual is very esoteric; I’d need a degree in engineering just to understand it!

这个手册里写的东西只有非常内行的人才能看得懂，我得读个工学学位才能看得懂。

an esoteric purpose

an esoteric meeting


wince

源自中古英語 wincen、winchen，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 *wenchir、古諾曼語 *wenchier（对比古法語 guenchir），源自古法蘭克語 *wenkjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankjan。参见德語 winken。

（因站不稳或不耐烦而）暴跳，乱跳，乱踢

A horse winces.


eerie

源自中古英語 eri (“害怕的”)，源自古英語 earg (“胆小的，害怕的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *argaz。与低地蘇格蘭語 ergh, argh同源，源自同一古英语词。argh的同源對似詞。

eerier (comparative)
eeriest (superlative)

creepy

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

spooky

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

The eerie sounds seemed to come from the graveyard after midnight.

午夜过后那片坟地好像有诡异的声音传来。

Dan was beginning to feel very depressed when suddenly the eerie howl of a dingo rang out[.]

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co.，頁號 13，列號 2:


whimper

源自方言词whimp (“惨叫”) + -er (反复态后缀)。对比德語 wimmern (“抽泣”)。

The lonely puppy began to whimper as soon as we left the room.

我们离开房间以后，孤独的小狗狗开始抽泣起来。

“Master, please don’t punish me!” he whimpered.

“主人，不要惩罚我！”他呜咽道。

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019年May12日, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:


wrongdoer

Get and keep wrongdoers out of your thorp (village).


ways

a little ways out

“We still have a ways to go with patterns.”

2007, Aryn Kyle, The God of Animals, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 1416533249, page 41:


wholeheartedly

more wholeheartedly (comparative)
most wholeheartedly (superlative)

He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language.

他全心投入，开始学习这门语言。

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021年May15日, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, 出自 BBC Sport:


dunk

源自賓夕法尼亞德語 dunke，源自中古高地德語 dunken，源自古高地德語 dunkōn (“蘸，浸”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *þunkōn (“弄湿”)，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *þunkōną，源自原始印歐語 *teng- (“湿”)。
同源词包括德語 tunken (“浸”)、拉丁語 tingō (“弄湿”)、古希臘語 τέγγω (téngō, “弄湿”)。与taint、tincture、tint有关。

I like to dunk my donut in my apple cider.

我喜欢把甜甜圈蘸到苹果酒里。

Parents shouldn't just dunk their kids in front of the TV.

父母不应该随便把小孩丢在电视机前。

The center spun quickly and dunked the ball with authority.

中锋快速转身来了一记强势的灌篮。


dunk

The point guard threaded a pass with pinpoint precision to the power forward for an easy dunk.

控球后卫准确地将球传给前锋，让其轻而易举地来了一记灌篮。

To rattle the rats to the point where their stress response remained demonstrably hyperactive, the researchers exposed the animals to four weeks of varying stressors: moderate electric shocks, being encaged with dominant rats, prolonged dunks in water.

2009年August18日, Natalie Angier, “Brain Is a Co-Conspirator in a Vicious Stress Loop”, 出自 New York Times:


woozy

源自中古英語 wosy (“泥泞的”)，源自中古英語 wose (“泥土，泥浆”) + -y。oozy的同源對似詞。可能受到了boozy的影响。

woozier (comparative)
wooziest (superlative)

迷糊的，头昏眼花的，混乱的

I got off the rollercoaster feeling a bit woozy.

我下了过山车，有点晕乎乎的。


egregious

源自拉丁語 ēgregius，源自e- (“自，从”) + grex (“群，群体”) + 英语形容词后缀-ous，源自晚期拉丁语后缀-osus (“充满...的”)，反映了带有正面色彩的“出类拔萃”。

more egregious (comparative)
most egregious (superlative)

/ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/

/əˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒi.əs/

严重的，剧烈的 （尤带有负面色彩）

The student has made egregious errors on the examination.

学生在考试时犯了很严重的错误。

I cannot cross my arms, or sigh "Ah me," / "Ah me forlorn!" egregious foppery! / I cannot buss thy fill, play with thy hair, / Swearing by Jove, "Thou art most debonnaire!"

Good Heaven! when we observe what egregious nonsense other people talk, what woful follies other people commit, sure we must be tempted to turn upon ourselves and ask—"What do I do that is equally silly?"

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXXI, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁號 257:

When the goal is simply to be as faithful as possible to the material—as if a movie were a marriage, and a rights contract the vow—the best result is a skillful abridgment, one that hits all the important marks without losing anything egregious.

22 March 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/

She's sitting opposite a window that's gently breezing into her face, wafting her hair into cover-girl perfection ... It's a little moment that seems to encapsulate her appeal: ... her gorgeousness being so egregious that even breezes oblige with their tousle-fanning effects ...

2014年January21日, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Review):


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

After that all-night party, we were all whacked.

那次通宵聚会后，我们都累坏了。


weekly

源自中古英語 wekely、weikly (副詞)，等同於week + -ly。對比荷蘭語 wekelijks、德語 wöchentlich、丹麥語 ugentlig、挪威語 ukentlig、冰島語 vikulega、瑞典語 veckovis。

She visits her mother weekly.


weekly

He's going for his weekly check-up at the hospital.

他每週都要去醫院做檢查。

In summer, we cut the grass on a weekly basis.

夏天的時候，我們每週割一次草。


elude

源自拉丁語 ēlūdō (“逃过”)，源自ē (“外”, ex的短形式) + lūdō (“玩耍；欺骗”)。

不能被...理解，对...来说无法理解

I get algebra, but calculus eludes me.

我会代数，但不会微积分。

The solution of that brainteaser eludes me and the name of the author eludes my memory too.

那道谜题的答案我忘了，它的作者我也忘了。


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April, John R. Hind, “The British Railways at War”, 出自 The Railway Magazine, Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988, Kenji Hakuta, “Why Bilinguals?”, 出自 Frank S. Kessel 編, The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown, Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁號 299:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, 出自 Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 60:


eh

自然的exclamation。首个书面记录见于16世纪中叶。可能是aye的无重音变体。
菲律宾相关义项可能受到了他加祿語 eh和/或西班牙語 eh的影响。

meh

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

对吧，是吧 （用作附加疑问句，强调前句或请求听话人对此发表意见。）

These hot dogs are pretty good, eh?

这些热狗还可以呢，是吧？

（用于强调，确保听话人注意到自己所说的事物。）

I went to the restaurant, eh, but my friends didn't show up.

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

—Do you feel like going out tonight?
—Eh, I don't know.

-你今晚想去玩吗？
-呃，不清楚。

"Look, Mom; I made the real rocket, based on the macaroni prototype!" "...Eh."

2010, Chris Renaud, Pierre Coffin 導演, Despicable Me:

（表达对前述理由的担心）

—Why is it like this?
—Eh, It's like that eh.


eh

My French fries were eh.


eh

源自閩南語和官話 欸 (ê̄ / ế / ê̌ / --eh, 叹词)。

喂 （表示反對、不讚成）

Ey, please don't say that...


zinger

one-liner

妙语 （尤指反驳或羞辱人的）

高速移动的物体 （尤指丢出来的）

On the first pitch from Kline, Lofton hits a zinger of a single into right field that J.D. Drew picks up on one bounce, and if he makes a good throw he has a chance to throw David Bell out at home plate.

2008, Joseph Sutton, (請指定書籍名或刊物名), →ISBN:

The pitcher threw a real zinger and struck him out.

投手丢了个很快的[球]，让他三振出局了。

I was still reeling from the zinger of seeing my ex on a date with my best friend.

我还没从看到我前任和我最好的朋友约会这件事带来的震惊中缓过来。


vandalism

借自法語 vandalisme，等同於vandal + -ism。最早由亨利·格雷瓜尔用來譴責法國大革命期間對藝術品的掠奪與破壞，指的是455年洗劫羅馬的汪达尔人。

As we turned down the street I was appalled by the vandalism: spray paint and smashed windows that were everywhere.

Bradford once boasted two stations with overall roofs. The pair were swept away in the 1970s in an act of corporate and civic vandalism.

2022年November2日, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, 出自 RAIL, 期 969，頁號 57:


verbiage

源自法語 verbiage。英语词可能可以分析作verb (“動詞”) + -age。

bureaucratic verbiage

The comparison of coincidences in the verbiage of different languages, and affinity of etymological formation, are interesting subjects of philological investigation.

1846, Margaret Thornley, The True End of Education and the Means Adapted to It:

Use concise military verbiage.

1947, George S. Patton, War as I Knew It:


cringe

动词派生自中古英語 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典語 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle的同源對似詞。
名词和形容词派生自动词。

He cringed as the bird collided with the window.

那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。

Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]

1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，頁號 28:


cringe

He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.

他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。

There was so much cringe in that episode!


voracious

源自拉丁語 vorāx，源自vorō (“吞噬”)。

more voracious (comparative)
most voracious (superlative)

/vɔːˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/

/vəˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/

If he carried chiefly his appetite, a zeal for tiled bathrooms, a conviction that the Pullman car is the acme of human comfort, and a belief that it is proper to tip waiters, taxicab drivers, and barbers, but under no circumstances station agents and ushers, then his Odyssey will be replete with good meals and bad meals, bathing adventures, compartment-train escapades, and voracious demands for money.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1922年，沃尔特·李普曼，《传播概念》，第7章：

Methodical and voracious, these hackers wanted all the files they could find.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2005年，Nathan Thornburgh，"The Invasion of the Chinese Cyberspies"，《时代杂志》，8月29日：

a voracious reader


egress

The window provides an egress in the event of an emergency.

紧急情况下窗口可以当做出口。

Gates of burning adamant, / Barred over us, prohibit all egress.

1667, John Milton, “Book 2”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. […] She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.

1910, Emerson Hough, 章號 I, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

We also found that the only emergency egress from the tram was by smashing the front or rear windscreens, and that emergency lighting had failed when the tram overturned.

2021年December29日, Dominique Louis, “Causal analysis: crashworthiness at Sandilands”, 出自 RAIL, 期 947，頁號 33:


viewport

acrylic plastic viewports in pressure vessels for human occupancy

Dragging the scroll-bar changes which part of the picture is visible within the viewport.

拖动滚动条可以改变视口内图片的可见部分。


wobble

源自早期形式wabble，可能源自低地德語 wabbeln (“晃动”)。对比荷蘭語 wiebelen和wobbelen (“晃动”)、古諾爾斯語 vafla (“盘旋；踉跄”)。

The fat man walked down the street with a wobble.

那个胖子摇摇晃晃地走在街上。

That should have been that, but Hart caught a dose of the Hennessey wobbles and spilled Adlene Guedioura's long-range shot.

2011年October29日, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3 - 3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:

There was a wobble on her high notes

她发高音时声音颤动了一下。


wobble

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013年July6日, “The rise of smart beta”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8843，頁號 68:

the Earth wobbles slowly on its axis; the jelly wobbled on the plate

地球在其轴上缓缓地来回晃动。 果冻在盘子上晃来晃去

The soprano's voice wobbled alarmingly.

女高音歌手的颤抖让人不安。

I'm wobbling between the Liberals and the Greens.

我在自由党和绿党间犹豫不决。

The boy wobbled the girl's bike.

男孩让女孩的自行车摇来摇去。


uptight

uptighter (comparative)
more uptight (comparative)
uptightest (superlative)
most uptight (superlative)

Don't be so uptight! You won't go to jail for crossing the street against the light.

别那么死板嘛！过马路闯一次红灯又不会进监狱。

He came from a very uptight religious background, but you wouldn't know that now!

他有对性很压抑的宗教背景，但是现在完全不会看得出来。


unsavory

more unsavory (comparative)
most unsavory (superlative)

His unsavory reputation as a mobster came back to haunt him when he ran for mayor of New York.


undoing

源自中古英語 undoinge、undoynge、ondoynge，等价于undo + -ing。

失败，覆灭， 导致失败或覆灭的事物

His fatal flaw was his undoing. In a sense he defeated himself.

他致命的缺点导致了他的失败。某种意义上，是他打败了他自己。

The extra 30 minutes could not separate the sides and led to a nerve-shredding finale that has so often been England's undoing, with a dismal record of just one win in seven shootouts at major tournaments before this.

2018年July3日, Phil McNulty, “Colombia 1 - 1 England”, 出自 BBC Sport:


unscathed

He was quite relieved to finish the conversation unscathed.

On Tyneside, the suburban electric services were relatively unscathed by the conditions.

1962 March, “The New Year Freeze-up on British Railways”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 159:

This was not the cagey, cautious approach which had been widely anticipated. Rather, it was a signal that McCoist had reached a fairly significant conclusion – that his only hope of getting through this storm unscathed was to get his fragile team back on the front foot.

2011年December29日, Keith Jackson, “SPL: Celtic 1 Rangers 0”, 出自 Daily Record:

This final running sore through several years did not leave the Queen unscathed, since it was clear that the palace had neglected its duty, either to persuade Charles to give up his long-running affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, or to protect and advise Diana how to cope with the international celebrity that had suddenly been thrust upon her.

September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, 出自 The Guardian:


whack

不详，原为苏格兰英语。可能是拟声词，但对比中古英語 thakken ← 古英語 þaccian（其因与本词异文合并而派生出thwack）。

C'mon. Take a whack at it.

40 bucks a whack.

It's a whack!


whack

The bat whacked the baseball.

Rodsmen were whacking their way through willow brakes.

to whack the spoils of a robbery

When the sewer-hunters consider they have searched long enough […] the gang […] count out the money they have picked up, and proceed to dispose of the old metal, bones, rope, &c.; this done, they then, as they term it, “whack” the whole lot; that is, they divide it equally among all hands.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, London: G. Newbold, Volume 2, p. 152,


whack

whacker (comparative)
whackest (superlative)

wack (“疯狂的”)的另一種寫法

That's whack, yo!

As they joked about the big butts on female celebrities and what rappers had the whackest lyrics, Malcolm paid little attention to Kalia besides squeezing her hand or grabbing her arm to hold himself up […]

2007, Joyce E. Davis, Can't Stop The Shine, page 51:


facetious

源自法語 facétieux，源自拉丁語 facētia (“幽默”)，源自facētus (“幽默的”)。

more facetious (comparative)
most facetious (superlative)

Robbie's joke about Heather's appearance was just him being facetious.

Robbie开Heather长相的玩笑只是因为他轻浮而已。

Glamour for its own sake is not something I have ever been particularly interested in,” Stella McCartney said backstage after her catwalk show. Which could sound like a facetious statement from a fashion designer who was, at that moment, standing among the marble-slabbed floors, elaborately frescoed ceilings and giant chandeliers of the Palais Garnier opera house, where the show was staged.

2017年October2日, Jess Cartner-Morle, “Stella McCartney lays waste to disposable fashion in Paris”, 出自 the Guardian:


unruly

源自中古英語 unruly (“不安定的，骚动的”)，等价于un- + rule + -ly（对比中古英語 ruly、reuli (“符合教规的”)），但也是早期形式中古英語 unrouly、unroly (“unquiet, restless”)的变换形式，等价于un- + roolie。后者源自古諾爾斯語 *úróligr或受其影响，与丹麥語 urolig (“骚动的”)、瑞典語 orolig (“骚动的”)、冰島語 órólegur (“激动的”)有关。亦对比中古英語 unroo、unro (“焦虑”)。详见roo。

unrulier (comparative)
unruliest (superlative)

失控的，暴乱的，无法无天的

The police gathered to contain the unruly mob.

警察集合起来控制了失控的人群。

Unruly boys who will not grow up / Must be taken in hand / Unruly girls who will not settle down / They must be taken in hand

1985, Morrissey & Johnny Marr （作曲作詞）, “Barbarism Begins at Home”, 出自 Meat Is Murder, 演出者 The Smiths:

Richard DeLongpre: Are you okay, my boy angel?

2011 Allen Gregory, "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1):


underpin

underlie

支持，支撑，是...的根本

corroborate

支持，支撑，是...的根本

You should underpin the mine roof to prevent further collapse.

你需要支撑矿井的顶部防止进一步塌方。

支持，支撑，是...的根本

Public confidence in politicians must underpin our democracy.

Since Rupert Murdoch famously bet the farm on Premier League football to rescue Sky TV in 1991, it has been the catnip that has underpinned subscriber loyalty and, even in a far more complicated media landscape, is seen as so vital as to be worth almost any price.

2016年October24日, Owen Gibson, “Is the unthinkable happening – are people finally switching the football off?”, 出自 The Guardian, London:

The operator said the results were underpinned by a 16% increase in Q3 sales from North America.

2019年November6日, “Eurostar reports another increase in passengers”, 出自 Rail，頁號 25:


fiery

源自中古英語 fyry，源自fyr (“火”)。等价于fire + -y。

more fiery (comparative)
fierier (comparative)
most fiery (superlative)
fieriest (superlative)

a fiery temper


uncalled-for

more uncalled-for (comparative)
most uncalled-for (superlative)

不恰当的，不合适的，多余的

That nasty remark was uncalled-for.


fairness

Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.

The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

2024年January28日, Charles Hugh Smith, Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:


frictional

The large frictional forces made dragging it impossible.

強烈的摩擦力使得它很難拖動。


frisky

friskier (comparative)
friskiest (superlative)

He had his hands full, with three frisky kittens in the house.

三只猫咪在家里跳来跳去他根本应付不过来。


uncanny

源自un- + canny，即“超乎理解之外的”，“超乎熟知的知识范围外的”。对比中古英語 unkanne (“未知的”)。

uncannier (comparative)
uncanniest (superlative)

He bore an uncanny resemblance to the dead sailor.

他生来长得很像那位死去的水手，很诡异。

An eerie feeling came over me. She seemed uncanny and fateful.

1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, 出自 Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine，頁號 200:


unbridled

more unbridled (comparative)
most unbridled (superlative)

an unbridled horse

无拘无束的，无羁的，放纵的

unbridled capitalism

She jumped into the project with unbridled enthusiasm.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC:

Unbridled competition between the different means of transport is eliminated by a licensing system, to which all transport concerns, whether by land or water, are subjected for both regular and occasional transport.

1962 March, J. M. Tolson, “The Netherlands Railways today—I: The economic development of the Netherlands Railways”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 170:

His contempt was totally unbridled, as though my goal was a personal affront to him and all humanity.

2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin，頁號 131:


upfront

He's a poor defender, so we always play him upfront.

他防守很差，所以我们都让他进攻。


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

deliver a captive from the prison

the doctor delivered the baby

the duchess was delivered of a son

the doctor is expected to deliver her of a daughter tomorrow

醫生明天要給她接生下女兒

she delivered a baby boy yesterday

deliver a package;  deliver the mail

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 10, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

deliver the thief to the police

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 40:13:

The constables have delivered her over.

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

1725, Homer, [Elijah Fenton], transl., “Book IV”, 出自 The Odyssey of Homer. […], 卷 I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 1, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

2012年May27日, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:

England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

2018年February24日, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, 出自 The Guardian, London，於2018-04-22歸檔自原頁面:

deliver a speech

to deliver a blow

An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], 卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:


unassailable

more unassailable (comparative)
most unassailable (superlative)

She won the debate with her unassailable logic.

她通过缜密的逻辑赢得了辩论。