abomination

源自中古英語 abominacioun，源自中古法語 abomination (“恐怖，厌恶”)，源自晚期拉丁語 abōminātiō, abōminātiōnem。abominatio 的同源對似詞。

abhorrence

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

aversion

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

detestation

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

disgust

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

loathing

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

loathsomeness

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

odiousness

深恶痛绝，极端的厌恶 （自约1350-1470年）

perversion

令人深恶痛绝的事物，令人发指的事物 （常有宗教色彩） （自约1350-1470年）

骇人听闻的暴行，罪行；招人鄙夷的习惯 （自约1150-1350年）

Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 160:


abaca

源自西班牙語 abacá，源自他加祿語的这个植物的叫法，abaká。

Manila Hemp

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manilla hemp

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

textile banana

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manila hemp

马尼拉麻 （18世纪中叶首次出现。）

Manilla hemp

马尼拉麻 （18世纪中叶首次出现。）

马尼拉麻蕉树（Musa textilis）（18世纪中叶首次出现。）


A

來自伊特拉斯坎語字母𐌀 (a)，來自古希臘語字母Α (A，“alpha，阿爾法”)，衍生自腓尼基語字母𐤀 (ʾ，“aleph，阿列夫”)，來自埃及語象形文字𓃾。

一種紙張尺寸系統，如A0、A1、A2等。


abduction

來自拉丁語 abductiō (“搶劫；綁架”)，來自abdūcō (“帶走”)，來自ab (“離開”) + dūcō (“領導”)。等同於abduct + -ion。
* (解剖學)： 借自法語，來自拉丁語 abductus。
* 對照法語 abduction。


abscess

派生自拉丁語 abscessus，源自abscēdō (“走開，離開”)，源自 abs (“遠離”) + cēdō (“走”)。參見cede。

膿腫、膿瘡、潰瘍 （首次記錄於16世紀中期）


abductor

誘拐者，綁架者，劫持者 （19世紀中葉）


abandoned

more abandoned (comparative)
most abandoned (superlative)

放蕩的 （首次用於1350年至1470年）

Such immunity to offenders offered a safe asylum to the vilest and most abandoned scoundrels.

1876，Alexander Davidson，A Complete History of Illinois from 1673 to 1884，頁 232:


ablaze

more ablaze (comparative)
most ablaze (superlative)

燃烧着 （19世纪初叶）

[…] with the spontaneous combustion the house smouldered ablaze.

1969，Ray Bradbury，“The Haunting of the New”, in I Sing the Body Electric!，New York: Knopf，頁 143:


ab ovo

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ab ōvō (字面意思是“从蛋开始”)。

自始以來，一直 （最早出现于16世纪晚期）


aba

源自阿拉伯語 عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa)。對照abaya。

阿拉伯式寬鬆無袖服裝，由上述材料或絲綢製成（首次使用於19世紀早期）

'A pale mauve abba such as you buy in the East.'

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 5, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 110:

Here Nessim would sit night after night in the winter, dressed in his old rust-coloured abba, staring gravely at Betelgeuse, or hovering over books of calculations for all the world like a medieval soothsayer.


abbatial

繼承自中古英語 abbacyal，派生自中古法語 abbatial，派生自晚期拉丁語 abbatialis，源自abbatia (“大修道院，大寺院”) + -ialis (“具有…特性的”)。

abbatical (alternative)
more abbatial (comparative)
most abbatial (superlative)

/ˈæˌbeɪ.ʃl̩/

修道院的 （自17世紀）


abdication

首次記錄於1552年。派生自中古法語 abdication，派生自拉丁語 abdicātiō (“放棄、廢棄”)，源自abdicō。

斷絕或剝奪孩子的繼承權的行為（16世紀中期至17世紀中期）


abduce

派生自拉丁語 abdūcō (“帶走”)，源自ab (“從；離開”) + dūcō (“帶領”)。

abduces (third-person singular present)
abducing (present participle)
abduced (past participle)

牽引；導走；帶走；收回；引向不同的部位；將肢體移出，遠離身體中央 （16世紀中期）

If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.


abduct

派生自拉丁語 abductus，abduco (“帶走”)的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠離”) + duco (“帶領”)。
* (生理學)： abduction 的逆構詞。

abducts (third-person singular present)
abducting (present participle)
abducted (past participle)

誘拐；劫持；綁架 （17世紀早期）

That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.

1904，Jules Verne，章號 16, in The Master of the World:

to abduct children


abigail

源自人名Abigail，17世紀初的劇作《The Scornful Lady》中一位女侍者的名字。

女僕，侍女，丫頭 （17世紀中期－19世紀）

It was therefore concluded that the Abigails should, by turns, relieve each other on one of his lordship’s horses, which was presently equipped with a side-saddle for that purpose.

In the servants’ hall two coachmen and three gentlemen’s gentlemen stood or sat round the fire; the abigails, I suppose, were upstairs with their mistresses; the new servants, that had been hired from Millcote, were bustling about everywhere.


abhorrent

借自拉丁語 abhorrēns, abhorrēntis，abhorreō (“痛恨”) 的現在主動分詞。等價於abhor + -ent。

more abhorrent (comparative)
most abhorrent (superlative)

背离的，相悖的，相反的 （16世纪末）

abhorrent thoughts

The persons most abhorrent from blood, and treason, and arbitrary confiscation, might remain silent spectators of this civil war between the vices.

1803，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:


愛くるしい

愛くるしい (canonical)
aikurushii (romanization)
愛くるしく

[àíkúrúshíꜜì]

[a̠ikɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝɕiː]


档

仅用于地名（鹿儿岛县曾于郡大崎町档ケ山）


absolver

免除者，寬恕者，赦免者（首見於16世紀晚期）

[…] few men dislike the Lay-Excommunicators and Absolvers more than I do […]

1684，Richard Baxter，Whether Parish Congregations Be True Christian Churches，London: Thomas Parkhurst，頁 2:


シナ

似乎是從科 (shina，“一個人的外表和第一印象”)轉變過來的意義，而科又是從品 (shina，“物品；類型、品質”)轉變過來的意義。首次出現在1775年的一篇文章。

常用於科を作る (shina o tsukuru)和科をする (shina o suru，“行為嬌媚”)等結構中。

（自1775年） (主要指女性) 奉承，討好

一同シナを作って「ほんとうに長谷川の奥様の仰っしゃいます通りで御座いますよ、オホホホホホホホ」

一起諂媚著說：「還真就是長谷川夫人所說的那樣呢，哦嗬嗬嗬嗬嗬嗬」

Ichidō shina o tsukutte “hontō ni Hasegawa no okusan no osshaimasu tōri de gozaimasu yo, ohohohohohohoho”

1904，木下尚江，火の柱:


ほととぎす

源自上古日語。
詞尾的「す」很可能是す (su，“鳥”，只見於古代複合詞的字，可能與朝鮮語 새 (sae，“鳥”)同源)。

ホトトギス (canonical)
hototogisu (romanization)

目には青葉山時鳥初松魚

me ni wa Aoba-yama hototogisu hatsugatsuo

ほととぎす鳴きつる方をながむればただ有明の月ぞ残れる

當我向杜鵑鳴叫了的方向眺望，只有黎明之月殘留。

hototogisu nakitsuru kata o nagamureba tada ariake no tsuki zo nokoreru


紅葉

⟨momi₁ti⟩ → */momʲiti/ → /momʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/
上古日語 紅葉 (momi₁ti → momichi)的轉變。
古典動詞紅葉づ (momizu，“轉變，變色；指葉子”)的連用形 (ren'yōkei)。
形譯詞，源自漢語 紅葉／红叶 (hóngyè)，參見下方的kōyō。

紅葉 (canonical)
紅葉 (canonical)
momiji (romanization)
モミヂ

楓

雞爪槭圖樣的家紋 (kamon)

紅葉に青短

花札的一張牌，圖案為鹿與紅葉

紅葉に鹿

花札的一張牌，圖案為鹿與紅葉

紅葉のような手

手如紅葉 → 幼童漂亮的手

奥山にもみぢ踏み分け鳴く鹿の声聞く時ぞ秋は悲しき

在深山中，一隻雄鹿踏著紅葉喊叫，當我聽到牠的聲音時，秋天顯得很悲涼。

okuyama ni momiji fumiwake naku shika no koe kiku toki zo aki wa kanashiki


紅葉

為上古日語 紅葉 (momi₁tiba → momichiba)的轉變。
可分析為紅葉ぢ (momiji，古典動詞紅葉づ (momizu)的連用形 (ren'yōkei)) + 葉 (ha，“葉子”)的組詞。ha 因連濁變為 ba。

紅葉 (canonical)
momijiba (romanization)
もみぢば

為了突出重點，通常只用假名寫這個詞，例如：もみじ葉 (momijiba)。

嵐吹く三室の山のもみぢ葉は竜田の川の錦なりけり

從三室山吹來的狂風，為龍田川造就了一匹深紅色的錦緞。

arashi fuku Mimuro-no-yama no momijiba wa Tatsuta-no-kawa no nishiki narikeri

小倉山峰のもみぢ葉心あらば今ひとたびのみゆき待たなむ

小倉山峰頂上的紅葉，如果你有足夠的理智，你會保持原樣，直到下次皇室來訪。

Ogura-yama mine no momijiba kokoro araba ima hitotabi no miyuki matanan


abominate

首次記錄於1644年。可能自abomination 的逆構詞。或者，派生自晚期拉丁語 abōminātus，abōminarī (“貶低為不祥之兆”) 的過去分詞，源自ab + ominari (“預示、預兆”)，源自omen。

more abominate (comparative)
most abominate (superlative)

/əˈbɒm.əˌnəɪt/

/əˈbɒm.ɪˌnəɪt/

可惡的、厭惡的 （首次記錄於16世紀晚期）


about-turn

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-about-turn.wav

向後轉，掉頭（首見於20世紀中期）

（思想、觀點等）徹底改變（首見於20世紀中期）

A sell-out crowd of 10,000 then observed perfectly a period of silence before the team revealed their black armbands, complete with stitched-in poppies, for the match. After Fifa’s about-turn, it must have been a frantic few days for the England kit manufacturer. The on-field challenge was altogether more straightforward.

2011年November10日，Jeremy Wilson，“England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

When Francis visited Chile in 2018, he dismissed the protesters and accused them of “calumny” in the full gaze of the world’s press. It caused the head of the Vatican’s own sex abuse commission to rebuke his boss publicly. Back in Rome, Francis responded by dispatching an envoy to look into the case. When his report came back siding with the protesters, Francis did a swift about-turn and described what he said on his visit to Chile as “the lowest moment” of his papacy.

2025年April21日，Peter Stanford，“Pope Francis obituary”, in The Guardian:


absent-minded

absentminded (alternative)
more absent-minded (comparative)
most absent-minded (superlative)

心不在焉的，健忘的；容易分心的 （首次記錄於19世紀中期）

It took the absent-minded man twenty minutes to find his glasses on top of his head.

心不在焉的男人花了二十分鐘才發現他的眼鏡戴在了頭上。


aborigine

通常在指稱澳大利亞原住民時使用大寫（Aborigine）。此詞在今日被認為有冒犯性，應使用「Aboriginal person」或「indigenous Australian」較為合適。

一個國家、地區的原住民；原始人馬中的一員 （首次出現於19世紀）


deus ex machina

非同化借詞，源自拉丁語 deus ex māchinā (即设备，脚手架等机械，字面意思是“来自机械的神”)，源自古希臘語。

dei ex machina (plural)
dei ex machinis (plural)
deus ex machinas (plural)

罕见地，复数作dii ex machina, di ex machina, dii ex machinis及di ex machinis。

以ex machina结尾的复数形式直译为“从一台机械降临的神们”，而以ex machinis结尾的则意为“从几台机械降临的神们”，使用时，这些复数形式的词义通常保留这一语义上的差别，但是仅为比喻义。

机械降神 （在希腊或罗马戏剧中，依靠舞台器械登台救场的神祇）

I was going to wait for Monsieur Hyppolyte and, like a craven, hand the whole thing over to him. Let the deus ex machina fly in out of the clouds...

1959，Mary Stewart，章號 XVII, in Nine Coaches Waiting，M. S. Mill Company，頁 268:


abolitionism

/ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.əˌnɪz.m̩/

廢奴主義 （最早見於19世紀早期。）


abortus

借自新拉丁語 abortus (“流產”)。

流產 （最早見於19世紀中期）


aborigines

本地人（原指希臘、羅馬人）（自16世紀中期）


abjectness

落魄，悲慘 （16世紀晚期）


abstractively

more abstractively (comparative)
most abstractively (superlative)

抽象地 （最早見於17世紀早期）


barza

借自阿爾巴尼亞語 bardhë (“白”)。


abscessed

more abscessed (comparative)
most abscessed (superlative)

膿腫的、生膿瘡的 （首次記錄於19世紀中期）

The sore was abscessed and filled with pus.


above-board

aboveboard (alternative)
above board (alternative)

/əˈbʌvˌbɔɹd/

光明正大的，合法公正的 （首次記錄於16世紀晚期。）

Fair and aboveboard.

Nothing illegal about any of this to my knowledge. Indeed, this is the very above-board racket of running an independent political committee. Everyone does it. Left, right, center and none of the above. And anyway, why shouldn't a true pay-triot get paid?

2013年May15日，Stephen Lemons，“Joe Arpaio's Fave Pay-triot John Philip Sousa IV Fires Back, Makes Bank Off Peddling Joe”, in Phoenix New Times，存檔自the original on 2019-03-11:

Over the weekend, Android owners were displeased to discover that Facebook had been scraping their text-message and phone-call metadata, in some cases for years, an operation hidden in the fine print of a user agreement clause until Ars Technica reported. Facebook was quick to defend the practice as entirely aboveboard—small comfort to those who are beginning to realize that, because Facebook is a free service, they and their data are by necessity the products.

2018年March26日，Maya Kosoff，“Zuckerberg hits users with the hard truth: You agreed to this”, in Vanity Fair:


absurdness

荒謬的狀態。（最早起於16世紀中期）


ABCs

基礎知識，基礎能力 （最早見於1150 - 1350年間）


Abkhasian

Abkhazian的另一種拼寫法 （19世紀中葉）


Abkhaz

借自俄語 абха́з (abxáz)。

Abkhazian

阿布哈茲人 （19世紀中葉）

阿布哈茲人 （19世紀中葉）


abductee

被綁架者 （尤指被外星人綁架） （20世紀晚期）


absent-mindedness

心不在焉 （最早見於19世紀晚期）

I don't mean to make mistakes; it's just absent-mindedness.

我不是故意要犯錯的；只是心不在焉。

For six years they had taken care of him and loved him—watched over his outgoings and his incomings and forgiven all his absent-mindednesses.

六年裡，他們一直照顧他、愛護他——望著他走、他去、他來、他往，原諒他所有的心不在焉。


dod

源自中古英語 dodden。

dods (third-person singular present)
dodding (present participle)
dodded (past participle)

切斷，剪斷（如從綿羊尾巴剪去羊毛，或割斷牛的角）

Angus-shire dodded cattle

1845，The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Perth:

Messrs. Toogood and Son’s Bronze Championship Medal for best dodded sheep of any pure breed.

1906，The Flock Book of Wensleydale Blue-faced Sheep，頁 57:


abrogator

/ˈæb.ɹəˌɡeɪ.tɚ/

取消者，廢除者（首次記錄於16世紀晚期。）


Abaza

借自阿巴扎語 абаза (ābāzā)。參見俄語 абазин (abazin)。

阿巴扎語 （19世紀中葉）


absenter

缺席者，暫時離開者 （最早見於16世紀末）

[…] if many of them that vse the meanes of saluation, shall not bee saued, where shall wilfull Recusants, obstinate absenters, and carelesse contemners of the Word, appeare?

1621，Thomas Taylor，The Parable of the Sower and the Seed，London: John Bartlet，頁 259:

It was little to be wondered at, from this account that the country-folk refused to go to the parish church, and chose rather to listen to outed ministers in the fields. But this was not to be allowed, and their persecutors at last fell on the method of calling a roll of the parishioners’ names every Sabbath, and marking a fine of twenty shillings Scots to the name of each absenter.

1966, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Pentland Rising: A Page of History, Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot, Chapter 1, p. 4,


Old Man Winter

冬天老人 （英语中对冬天的拟人称呼）

It is interesting how we personalize or humanize certain forces which we cannot control like "Mother Nature" and "Old Man Winter".

2002，Robert H. Claxton，Claxton on Williams and Duedall, Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-2001:

[…] the media like to humanize the weather, to suggest that we’re in some kind of grim battle with Old Man Winter when it’s cold or snowy […]

2001，Sara Foss，The Daily Gazette: Speaking of the weather:

They also have humanized time and weather, with such references as "Father Time" and "Old Man Winter", "Mother Earth" and "Hurricane Floyd".

2003，Scotland Miles，Don't Take Me To Your Leader, →ISBN，頁s 28–29:


小競り合い

小競り合い (canonical)
kozeriai (romanization)
こぜりあひ


aberrate

源自拉丁語 aberrātus，aberrō (“游荡，偏离”)的过去分词，ab (“出，离”) + errō (“偏离”)。

aberrates (third-person singular present)
aberrating (present participle)
aberrated (past participle)

及物义项主要用过去分词形式（即aberrated）。

偏离，走偏，畸变 （18世纪中叶）

[…] the surfaces of the concave lens may be so proportioned as to aberrate exactly equal to the convex lens, near the axis […]

1765, Peter Dollond, letter to James Short dated 7 February, 1765, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Volume 55, London, 1766, p. 55,

Such, indeed, were the primitive regulations of the greater number of monastic institutions; but the abominable and luxurious indulgences into which they afterwards aberrated, the page of history amply unfolds.

1812，John Brady，Clavis Calendaria，卷 I, London，頁 229:

[…] the barriers, which to them limit the view, and give to it, together with the contraction, all the distinctness and definite outline of limitation, are, in nine cases out of ten, the product of their own defective and aberrating vision, and not real barriers at all.

1839, Thomas De Quincey, “Lake Reminiscences: No. V, Southey, Wordsworth, and Coleridge” originally published in Tait’s Magazine, August 1839, in David Masson (editor), The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey, London: A. & C. Black, 1896, Volume 2, Chapter 5, pp. 340-341,

[…] after all the Governor of a Southern state has got to try to act like he regrets having to aberrate from being a gentleman—

1951，William Faulkner，Requiem for a Nun，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1975, act 2, scene 2，頁s 173–174:


abrase

源自拉丁語 abrāsus，abrādō (“磨損；擦傷”) 的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“從，離”) + rādō (“刮，擦”)。

被磨得光滑或空白的 （只見於17世紀）


absterge

源自法語和中古法語 absterger，或源自中世紀拉丁語 abstergēre，abstergeō (“擦去”) 的現在主動不定式，源自拉丁語 abs- + tergeō (“擦去”)。

absterges (third-person singular present)
absterging (present participle)
absterged (past participle)

cleanse

擦拭以使乾淨 （最早見於16世紀早期）

purge

擦拭以使乾淨 （最早見於16世紀早期）

擦拭以使乾淨 （最早見於16世紀早期）


西手

西邊的方位；城堡或軍隊的西面


大英帝国

大(だい) (dai) + 英(えい) (Ei，“英國”) + 帝国(ていこく) (teikoku，“帝國”)

大英帝国 (canonical)
Daiei Teikoku (romanization)

[dàíéé téꜜèkòkù]


abominator

憎惡者 （最早見於17世紀末）


單詞連接符取代了零寬度無間斷空格（zero-width no-break space，ZWNBSP，U+FEFF），作為一個零寬度的不換行空格。ZWNBSP 最初且目前仍被用作文件開頭的位元組順序標記（byte order mark，BOM）。然而，根據 Unicode 標準，如果在其他地方遇到它，應該將其視為零寬度不換行空格。Unicode 不建議刻意使用 U+FEFF 作此用途，並強烈推薦使用 U+2060。

單詞連接符（word joiner，WJ，U+2060）是一種 Unicode 格式字符，用於表示在其位置不應發生換行。它不影響連字的形成或手寫體的連接，並在文本分段時被忽略。


abbreviature

源自中世紀拉丁語 abbreviātūra，源自晚期拉丁語 abbreviō (“縮短，縮寫”)。參見 abbreviate。

/əˈbɹi.vi.əˌt͡ʃʊɹ/

節略；摘要；摘錄；概括 （自16世紀末）

This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian.


ablaqueate

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ablaqueātus，ablaqueō (“翻起或鬆開樹周圍的土壤”) 的過去分詞，源自 ab- + laqueō (“套住，纏住”)。

ablaqueates (third-person singular present)
ablaqueating (present participle)
ablaqueated (past participle)

鬆土使（樹根）裸露 （(1350 - 1470) 至18世紀中葉）

After the autumnal equinox they were to be ablaqueated like the vines. Every third year they were to be dunged, and after some years (generally the eighth) to be pruned; for there was an old saying, to wit, eum qui aret olivetum rogare fructum; qui stercoret exorare; qui caedat cogere.

1847，Thomas Keightley，The Bucolics and Georgics of Virgil:


abductive

展肌的 （19世紀中葉）


hầm bà lằng xán cấu

比較英語 chapalang (新加坡、馬來西亞)，也許借自粵語 雜崩冷／杂崩冷 (zaap⁶ bang¹ lang¹)或者粵語 冚唪唥，從 ham-ba-lang 的形式吸收。並且加上借自粵語 生夠／生够 的 xắng cấu/xán cấu。

Có khi xẹt qua làm mỗi đứa một đĩa hầm bà lằng xán cấu trong ngõ hẻm cơm bình dân bên kia đường Nguyễn Trung Trực (khoản này đa số do Tấn Mốc cầm . . . bút ký sổ đoạn trường!).

... cứ thế, tôi co rút người lại để tương thích với cái thế giới hiện tại... vấn đề chỉ là "to be or not to be" mà thôi... có chỗ trốn đây rồi... tôi chui vào thế giới phẳng... nơi đó có group, có blog, có forum, có tùm lum hầm bà lằng xán cấu... muốn liên lạc nhau, cười đùa nhau, gấu ó nhau, chí choé nhau, mơn man nhau... ta chỉ cần mail, ta chỉ cần chat...

Có nhiều sách, nhưng không có nhiều thời gian đọc sách, bởi ngày chỉ 24g mà đời thì còn quá lắm thứ phải làm. Công việc, mà trong công việc đã tùm lum hầm bà lằng xá cấu.


fiüt

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wym-fiüt (wersja Józefa Gary).ogg


absolutize

absolutizes (third-person singular present)
absolutizing (present participle)
absolutized (past participle)

使絕對化 （最早見於20世紀中葉）


abstinently

more abstinently (comparative)
most abstinently (superlative)

節制地，禁慾地 （最早見於16世紀末）


fum

fums (third-person singular present)
fumming (present participle)
fummed (past participle)

Follow me, and fum as you go.

c. 1604，Thomas Dekker, John Webster，Westward Ho: