dogged

"I'm afraid I've given him a heap of trouble. You see," he explained, looking at Paul critically, "I never thought of eating before I left town, and one gets so dogged hungry, you know walking. I say it is a long tramp, isn't it?"


dolt

在早期现代英语中首次作名词使用，源自英语方言词dold (“愚蠢的，困惑的”)，源自中古英語 dold，dulled、dult (“麻木的”)的变体，dullen、dollen (“使...愚蠢”)的过去分词，源自dull、dul、dwal (“愚蠢的”)。详见dull。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dolt.wav

O Gull, oh dolt, / As ignorant as durt:[…]

约1603–1604年，威廉·莎士比亚，“The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]，頁 337:


dilapidated

more dilapidated (comparative)
most dilapidated (superlative)

破败不堪的，荒废的，快要倒塌的

It was a strange scene, the contrasts which met in that large but dilapidated chamber. It had been the banqueting-hall in the ancient palace of the La Franchi, but the revelry and the splendour had long since passed away.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 I, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 6:


dinghy

源自孟加拉語 ডিঙি (ḍiṅi)，可能源自梵語 द्रोण (droṇa，“木船”)。

The dinghy was trailing astern at the end of its painter, and Merrion looked at it as he passed. He saw that it was a battered-looking affair of the prahm type, with a blunt snout, and like the parent ship, had recently been painted a vivid green.

1944，Miles Burton，章號 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:


dotage

dote + -age，源自中古英語 doten (“溺爱；老糊涂”)。

"More care!" said the old man. […] There were in his face marks of deep and anxious thought which convinced me that he could not be, as I had been at first inclined to suppose, in a state of dotage or imbecility.

1841，Charles Dickens，章號 1, in The Old Curiosity Shop:


dingus

可能有多个词源。部分借自荷蘭語 dinges (“玩意，东西”)、ding (“东西”)。考虑到其在南非的使用，可能也部分借自南非荷兰语。拼写dingus是调整了原词形，使其形似带有后缀-us的拉丁語单词。

"If anybody should come in, and catch you with your breeches, as it were, down on the floor, all you have to do is to drink the water, wrap the rubber dingus around you, and tell them to “lay on Macduff.”

1879, George Wilbur Peck, Peck's Fun, Being Extracts from the "La Crosse Sun," and "Peck's Sun," Milwaukee:

WLK. First radio station. On December 31, 1921, local engineer Francis F. Hamilton's radio station, 9ZJ, signed on with an address from Mayor Samuel (Lew) Shank。Broadcasting from Hamilton's garage at 2011 North Alabama Street, Shank made the city's first radio blooper: "Hamilton, do you mean to tell me that people can actually hear me over that damn' dingus?"

1921年December31日，“WLK”, in The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis，Bloominton, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 出版於 1994, →ISBN，頁 1399，列 2:

"He took the this-is-unheard-of-but-not-really-serious-of-course attitude of a street fakir whose mechanical dingus flops during a demonstration."

I wet the rod and measured the stuff into the top and by that time the water was steaming. I filled the lower half of the dingus and set it on the flame.

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin 2010, p. 29:

‘Say, what’s that dingus you Britishers wear when you’re playing cricket?

1979, Kyril Bonfiglioli, After You with the Pistol, Penguin 2001, p. 241:

"Drill #40 the .094 [2.4 mm] holes in the dingus. Dimple the #40 holes.”

c. 2010, Van's Aircraft, RV-12 Plans, p. 5-30:

"He got mad at me because his dingus wouldn’t come up for him — too drunk, I guess. […]

1970，Don Tracy，The Last Boat Out of Cincinnati，Trident Press, 出版於 1970, →ISBN，頁 74:

And Chester Charles Smithers sucked on that warm black dingus for as long as he could.

2015，Quentin Tarantino，The Hateful Eight，spoken by Major Marquis Warren (Samuel L. Jackson):

How come you can say dink when you're talking about your jobs but I can't say dink when I'm talking about my dingus?

2018，Tom Gammill and Max Pross，3 Scenes Plus a Tag From a Marriage，spoken by Bart Simpson (Nancy Cartwright):


doublethink

The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them. Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? Have you forgotten doublethink?

1949年June8日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 3, in 《一九八四》，倫敦: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; 再版 [澳大利亞]: 澳大利亞古騰堡計劃, 2001年8月, part 3，頁 242:

Any effort by the United States to halt these creeping advances of Communist imperialism became, by the same mad process of double-think, the only kind of "intervention" there ever could be.

1965年May11日，William S. White，“Doctrine of Nonintervention Comes Cropper In Dominica”, in The Morning Record，Meriden-Wallingford, Connecticut，頁 4:

Or does the hypocrisy and doublethink go beyond a loathing of the human body and an acceptance of violence to a very practical fear that such a club in a predominantly middle-class Caucasian neighborhood will drive down property values?

1992年March5日，Sylvain Fribourg，“The Agony of the Extasy [Letter to the Editor]”, in Los Angeles Times:

The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

2019年December2日，Eric Lutz，“Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

Beſides this, another fine Starfiſh came to my Hands, […] Its body hath ten corners, and it hath a Star above vvith as many Rays; each of theſe one may compare unto a Sail of the VVindmills that the Children run againſt the VVind vvithal, or to a piece of ſuch Croſſes that are broad before, and narrovv vvhere they meet together; that is to ſay, of the ſhape of a Dove-tail: […]

1694，John Narborough, Jasmen Tasman [i.e., Abel Tasman], John Wood, Frederick Marten [i.e., Friedrich Martens]，“[The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland] Of the Crustaceous Fish that I Observed”, in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North. […]，London: […] Sam[uel] Smith and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, 4th part, section V (Of the Star-fish)，頁s 118–119:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900，“Brazing Keys”, in Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series)，London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 311，列 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921]，[William Fairham]，“The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […]，Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC，頁 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April，Edwin M. Love，“Handmade Dovetails”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 144, 號 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 151，列 1:

I ſhall add other tvvo Forms of Lines, […] The firſt of theſe tvvo is termed Patee, or Dove-Tail, from a Form of Art uſed by Joiners, vvho make Joints one into the other by that Name: […]

1722，Alexander Nisbet，“Of the Points and Parts of the Shield; and Forms of Lines, which Divide the Shield into Several Parts”, in A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical: […]，Edinburgh: […] J. MackEuen, →OCLC，頁 23:

ASSEMBLEE, [in Heraldry,] a Dovetail or more to hold the tvvo Parts of the Eſcutcheon together, vvhere the Partition Line is, being countercharged, is ſome of the Metal and ſome of the Colour of the Eſcutcheon.

1736，John Harris，“ASSEMBLEE”, in Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: […]，第5th版, 卷 I, London: […] J. Walthoe, […], →OCLC，列 2:


dovetail

dovetails (third-person singular present)
dovetailing (present participle)
dovetailed (past participle)
dove-tail (alternative)

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900，Walter William Skeat，“Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula，London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 33:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April，John R. Hind，“The British Railways at War”, in The Railway Magazine，Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988，Kenji Hakuta，“Why Bilinguals?”, in The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown，Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁 299:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002，Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon，“Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, in Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁 248:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October，Philip Sherratt，“Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 60:


dunk

源自賓夕法尼亞德語 dunke，源自中古高地德語 dunken，源自古高地德語 dunkōn (“蘸，浸”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *þunkōn (“弄湿”)，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *þunkōną，源自原始印歐語 *teng- (“湿”)。
同源词包括德語 tunken (“浸”)、拉丁語 tingō (“弄湿”)、古希臘語 τέγγω (téngō，“弄湿”)。与taint、tincture、tint有关。

The point guard threaded a pass with pinpoint precision to the power forward for an easy dunk.

控球后卫准确地将球传给前锋，让其轻而易举地来了一记灌篮。

To rattle the rats to the point where their stress response remained demonstrably hyperactive, the researchers exposed the animals to four weeks of varying stressors: moderate electric shocks, being encaged with dominant rats, prolonged dunks in water.

2009年August18日，Natalie Angier，“Brain Is a Co-Conspirator in a Vicious Stress Loop”, in New York Times:


downtime

停机时间，故障时间 （因电脑故障等而浪费的时间）

同類詞：idle time、uptime

A short internet outage might sound like a trifling matter[…]but for many, the pervasiveness of the so-called “internet of things” meant downtime at Amazon affected their physical life as well as their digital one.

2017年March1日，Alex Hern，“How did an Amazon glitch leave people literally in the dark?”, in The Guardian:

As the world turns inward, trapped inside in various stages of pandemic quarantine, numerous songwriting luminaries (often blessed with their own in-home studios) have tried to use the downtime creatively—from Millennial stars like Taylor Swift and Ariana Grande to longtime veterans like Bruce Springsteen and Elvis Costello.

2020年November9日，Gwen Ihnat，“With McCartney III, Paul McCartney offers lessons from a legendary life”, in The A.V. Club:

I've been working all weekend. I need some downtime.

我整个周末都在工作，我需要休息一下。

But scientists point to an unanticipated side effect: when people keep their brains busy with digital input, they are forfeiting downtime that could allow them to better learn and remember information, or come up with new ideas.

2010年August24日，Matt Richtel，“Digital Devices Deprive Brain of Needed Downtime”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

“‘We need to use the downtime, when things are calm, to prepare for when things get serious in the decades to come,’ he has said. ‘The time we have now is valuable, and we need to make use of it.’”

2021年March19日，James Fallows，引 Demis Hassabis, “Can Humans Be Replaced by Machines?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


dragonfly

dragon-fly (alternative)
dragonflies (plural)

/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/

The delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality.


dirigible

來自法語 dirigeable，來自ballon dirigeable (“可操控的氣球”)。

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/

People had time to think up some questions, including reporters who shouted “Are you going to shoot down the balloon?” at President Biden shortly before the dirigible came down.

2023年February4日，Katie Rogers，“Look! Up in the Sky! It’s a … Chinese Spy Balloon?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

my duty to you

1599，William Shakespeare，“The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

It [the letter] was written with a plain, unaffected, homely piety that I knew to be genuine, and ended with ‘my duty to my ever darling’—meaning myself.

滿信都是她那質樸的天真和毫不嬌飾的懇切，我深知這都發自她內心；信的結尾語是“問我永遠珍愛的好”——這是說的我。

1849 May – 1850 November，Charles Dickens，The Personal History of David Copperfield，London: Bradbury & Evans, […], 出版於 1850, →OCLC:


dreadnought

名取自无畏号战列舰（HMS Dreadnought），第一艘该类型的战列舰，源自dread + nought，即“无畏”。

Perturbed at being overtaken, the USS Texas is leading the 6th Battle Squadron at 22-and-a-half knots as the engineers pour everything they have into the effort. Behind the colossal clouds of smoke and cinders they put out come a seemingly-endless stream of dreadnoughts, battle flags flying from every mast and line they can find. It is the Grand Fleet.

2018年October17日，Drachinifel，片头起18:32, in Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918，存檔自the original on 2022-08-04:

Sovereign is the flagship of the rogue Spectre Saren. An enormous dreadnought larger than any other ship in any known fleet, Sovereign is crewed with both geth and krogan. At two kilometers long, its spinal-mounted main gun is likely capable of penetrating another dreadnought's kinetic barriers with a single shot.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →ISBN, →OCLC，幕：Sovereign Codex entry:

"Much obliged to you, ma'am!" says Mr. Guppy, divesting himself of his wet dreadnought in the hall.

1853，Charles Dickens，章號 7, in Bleak House:


drear

She thankt him deare / Both for that newes he did to her impart, / And for the courteous care which he did beare / Both to her love and to her selfe in that sad dreare.

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book VI, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dreary

源自中古英語 drery，源自古英語 drēoriġ (“悲伤的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *dreuzagaz (“血腥的”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰrews- (“破坏，粉碎”)，等价于drear + -y。同源词包括荷蘭語 treurig (“悲伤的，阴郁的”)、低地德語 trurig (“悲伤的”)、德語 traurig (“悲伤的”)、古諾爾斯語 dreyrigr (“血腥的”)。与古英語 drēor (“血，滴下的血”)、古英語 drysmian (“变阴沉”)有关。

drearier (comparative)
more dreary (comparative)
dreariest (superlative)
most dreary (superlative)

阴沉的，荒凉的，凄凉的，悲怆的

It had rained for three days straight, and the dreary weather dragged the townspeople's spirits down.

雨连续下了三天，阴沉的天气使人们的心情也郁郁寡欢。

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary...

在好久以前一个凄凉的午夜，疲惫不堪的我想道...

It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils.

1818，Mary Shelley，章號 V, in Frankenstein，卷 1:


disarming

more disarming (comparative)
most disarming (superlative)

a disarming smile

Foremost in her arsenal is that smile – so enormous and so absurdly disarming that someone should have worked out a way to harness its power into international conflict resolution.

2014年January21日，Hermione Hoby，“Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):


drudge

源自中古英語 druggen，可能与古英語 drēogan (“做；受苦”)有关。

drudges (third-person singular present)
drudging (present participle)
drudged (past participle)

Rise to our Toils and drudge away the day.


discombobulate

discombobulates (third-person singular present)
discombobulating (present participle)
discombobulated (past participle)

befuddle

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

perplex

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

confuse

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

Can't you and I pretend to quarrel? A personal assault by you on me will wake these people up and discombobulate Goldsmith. Say the word—only don't hit too hard.

1895，John Kendrick Bangs，“Story-tellers' Night”, in A House-Boat on the Styx，New York: Harper & Brothers, 出版於 1901，頁 132:

The notes zigzag in his pieces and discombobulate the ear, just as in 12-tone works.

1999年December13日，Anthony Tommasini，“MUSIC REVIEW; Plenty Of Zigzags, But Hold The Angst”, in The New York Times，頁 E3:

First, distract target. Then block his blind jab. Counter with cross to left cheek. Discombobulate. Dazed, he'll attempt wild haymaker. Employ elbow block.

2009年December25日，Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham, Simon Kinberg，片头起17:18, in Sherlock Holmes，spoken by Sherlock Holmes (Robert Downey Jr.):


dryad

源自古法語 driade (“树精”)，源自拉丁語 Dryas, Dryadis，源自古希臘語 Δρυάς (Druás，“森林女仙”)，源自δρῦς (drûs，“橡木”)，源自原始印歐語 *derew(o)- (“树，木”)，对比原始印歐語 *dóru (“树”)。

同類詞：Meliai

There it had stood for years, close beside a mighty oak, under which sat often the kindly old priest, who told stories to the listening children. The young chestnut tree listened with them: the Dryad inside it, who was still a child, could remember the time when the tree was so small that it only reached a little higher than the ferns and long blades of grass.

1914，Hans Christian Andersen，“The Dryad”, in William Alexander Craigie（譯者）, Fairy tales and other stories:


discourteous

more discourteous (comparative)
most discourteous (superlative)

Kirk, who succeeded Drumright, had an unusually short tour of duty in Taipei—only about a year. Despite the shortness of his duty, he left the impression of being an old sea captain who would have felt more at home barking his orders from the bridge than heading an important diplomatic mission. There was nothing civil or gentle about him, and even in talking to President Chiang, he sounded gruff and blunt. I could see that the President really didn't enjoy the envoy's company, but he remained unperturbed and discussed in a calm and friendly manner whatever had prompted the Ambassador to seek the audience. Once I heard him remark half to himself: "How could anyone be so discourteous?"

1983，James C. H. Shen，“Rejoining the Government”, in The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally，Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 32:


duiker

借自南非語 duiker (字面意思是“潛水者”)，源自荷蘭語 duiker，源自中古荷蘭語 dukere。

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952，Doris Lessing，Martha Quest，Panther, 出版於 1974，頁 65:


earshot

I'll row out on the lake but stay within earshot.

我准备划进湖里，但是我会待在能听得到的地方。

Ananda hit the target, an iron drum，源自a distance of two earshots. Devadatta，源自a distance of four earshots, Sundarananda from a distance of six earshots, and Dandapani [found his target] from one league.

2013，Buton Richen Drup，Buton's History of Buddhism in India and Its Spread to Tibet:


easternize

easternizes (third-person singular present)
easternizing (present participle)
easternized (past participle)

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007年January14日，Liesl Schillinger，“Siberian Fields”, in New York Times:


encroach

源自中古英語 encrochen，源自古法語 encrochier (“占领”)，源自古法語 en- + croc (“钩子”)，源自日耳曼語族。详见crook。

encroaches (third-person singular present)
encroaching (present participle)
encroached (past participle)

占有，侵占，侵犯；蚕食，侵蚀

Now stands the Brere like a lord alone, / Puffed up with pryde and vaine pleasaunce. / But all this glee had no continuaunce: / For eftsones winter gan to approche; / The blustering Boreas did encroche, / And beate upon the solitarie Brere; / For nowe no succoure was seene him nere.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: Conteyning Tvvelue Æglogues Proportionable to the Twelue Monethes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman most Worthy of all Titles both of Learning and Cheualrie M. Philip Sidney, London: Printed by Hugh Singleton, dwelling in Creede Lane neere vnto Ludgate at the signe of the gylden Tunne, and are there to be solde, OCLC 606515406; republished in Francis J[ames] Child, editor, The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser: The Text Carefully Revised, and Illustrated with Notes, Original and Selected by Francis J. Child: Five Volumes in Three, volume III, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, Cambridge, published 1855, OCLC 793557671, page 406, lines 222–228:

Because change itself would absolutely stay-stable, and again, conversely, stability itself would change, if each of them encroached on the other.

2005，Plato，譯者 Lesley Brown, Sophist，頁 252d:

I won't encroach on your time any longer.

He never allows work to encroach upon his family life.

他从不让工作占领他和家人的时间。

Gradually the negative feelings encroached into her work.

负面情绪渐渐地侵蚀她的工作。


extol

借自拉丁語 extollō (“升起，升高”)。

extols (third-person singular present)
extolling (present participle)
extolled (past participle)

Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.

我的僕人行事必有智慧，必被高舉上升，且成為至高。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 52:13:


extortionate

源自extortion + -ate (“以...为特征的”之意的形容词化后缀)。

more extortionate (comparative)
most extortionate (superlative)

/ɛkˈstɔːʃənət/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-extortionate.wav

/ɛkˈstɔɹʃənət/

extortionable

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

extortious

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

modest

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

unextortionate

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

Now it is certain the Roman prieſts are not only ſeemingly very religious and really very extortionate, but are extortionate by means of religion, and make their prayers and maſſes the grand pretence for their exactions.

1745，Thomas Newton，“Pharisaism and Popery Parallel’d, in a Sermon Preach’d in the Parish Church of St. Mary-le-Bow, and Grosvenor Chapel, on Occasion of the Present Rebellion in Scotland. October 1745.”, in Two Sermons; […]，London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson and S. Draper, →OCLC，頁 42:

It is said the daily increase in opium is owing to the negligence of officers in enforcing the interdicts? The laws and enactments are the means which extortionate underlings and worthless vagrants employ to benefit themselves; and the more complete the laws are, the greater and more numerous are the bribes paid to the extortionate underlings, and the more subtle are the schemes of such worthless vagrants.

1854 April，F[rancis] O[rmand] J[onathan] Smith，“Art. II.—Experimental Legislation on the Opium Trade in China, and on the Liquor Trade of the United States.”, in Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine and Commercial Review，卷 XXX, 期 IV, New York, N.Y.: [Freeman Hunt], →OCLC，頁s 425–426:

English travellers who have visited Jerash may remember a handsome but extortionate and insolent Arab sheikh at Sûf, who demanded, and always with success, an extortionate sum as blackmail, for which he gave them an escort and protection during their visit to the ruins.

1880，Laurence Oliphant，章號 VI, in The Land of Gilead with Excursions in the Lebanon，Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，頁 177:

As regards food for police, it is much more satisfactory, in a new district, to have them fed by Government and not given money or trade goods in lieu of rations, as is often done. If they are allowed to buy their own food from the natives they will impose on the raw savage, and frequently abuse their authority by making extortionate demands under threat of punishment.

1914，C[hauncey] H[ugh] Stigand，“The Commencement of Administration”, in Administration in Tropical Africa，London: Constable & Company, →OCLC，頁 36:

The moneylenders – sometimes so extortionate that people pledged their slaves and sacred relics – were Uighurs from the west.

2006，Colin Thubron，“The Capital”, in Shadow of the Silk Road，London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN，頁 20:

Interrogational torture of the sort envisaged in the last paragraph—where P's close relatives are subject to brutal mistreatment to impel P to disclose some desired information—is itself a specimen of extortionate torture.

2014，Matthew H[enry] Kramer，“Introduction II: What is Torture?”, in Torture and Moral Integrity: A Philosophical Inquiry，Oxford, Oxforshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, section 2.2.4 (Extortionate Torture)，頁 68:

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

[Y]ou get from farms ſo occupied, houſe lamb, veal, graſs lamb, a little mutton, and leſs beef, whilſt for either article ſeparately, or jointly, you are worked up to pay prices, not leſt than extortionate; […]

1797，J. Mathews，“Respecting the Acres”, in Remarks on the Cause and Progress of the Scarcity and Dearness of Cattle, Swine Cheese, &. &. […]，London: […] M. Ritchie; [s]old by N. Scarlett, […], →OCLC，頁 197:

On the other hand, to say that this defendant, under this charter, has the power to charge whatever it pleases for passenger fares, without regard to their being reasonable or unreasonable, fair compensation or extortionate, is a power that I equally deny.

1872年December7日，Justice Wood，“Kankakee Circuit Court, Ill. December Term, 1872. Stephen R. Moore v. The Illinois Central R. R. Co.”, in The Chicago Legal News: A Journal of Legal Intelligence，卷 V, 期 11 (number 219 overall), Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Legal News Company, 出版於 1873, →OCLC，頁 124，列 1:

Down the coast among the sandhills is Blankenberg, a growing rival to Ostend, with which a steam tram connects it. The sands are firm and clean, and the hotels not unpleasantly extortionate.

1902年August15日，“The Enquiry Bureau”, in The Photographic News. The Journal for Amateur Photographers，卷 XLVI, 期 346 (New Series), London: Published by the proprietors, […], →OCLC，頁 528，列 2:

A number of members of the committee visited the principal restaurants and cafés, and at each in turn pointed out the extortionate nature of the prices shown on the menu, requesting the proprietors to reduce immediately the prices to a reasonable figure.

1919年September12日，“Roumanian Notes”, in The Near East: A Weekly Review of Oriental Politics, Literature, Finance, and Commerce，卷 XVI, 期 436, London: The Near East Editorial and Publishing Offices, →OCLC，頁 272，列 2:

At an extortionate price, he had obtained a hire car to take him to Homs, and from there he intended to cross the border and proceed to Beirut.

2013，Jack Higgins [pseudonym; Henry Patterson]，章號 1, in The Death Trade，New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, 出版於 2014, →ISBN，頁 3:


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


engender

源自中古法語 engendrer，源自拉丁語 ingenerāre，源自in- + generāre (“产生”)。

engenders (third-person singular present)
engendering (present participle)
engendered (past participle)

Thick Clouds are ſpread, and Storms engender there,
 And Thunders Voice, which wretched Mortals fear,
 And Winds that on their Wings, cold Winter bear.

a. 1700，John Dryden, transl.，“Ovid’s Metamorphoses”, in Poems on Various Occasions; and Translations from Several Authors，London: Jacob Tonson, 出版於 1701, book I，頁 147:

交媾 （15-19世纪）

But that the bodies of the Reprobate, who make the Kingdome of Satan, ſhall alſo be glorious, or ſpirituall bodies, or that they ſhall bee as the Angels of God, neither eating, nor, drinking, nor engendering[…], there is no place of Scripture to prove it[…]

1651，Thomas Hobbes，“Of the Kingdome of Darknesse”, in Leviathan, Or The Matter Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill，London: Andrew Crooke，頁 343:

I fled, but he purſu’d (though more, it ſeems,
 Inflam’d with luſt then rage) and ſwifter far,
 Me overtook his mother all diſmaid,
 And in embraces forcible and foule
 Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
 Theſe yelling Monſters that with ceaſleſs cry
 Surround me, as thou ſawſt[…]

1667，John Milton，“Book II”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 790–800:


engender

给...赋予性别；强调...的性别 （自20世纪）

As such they are an important way of understanding both how texts are engendered (how they articulate particular sex or gender role) and how they engender their consumers.

1992，Anne Cranny-Francis，Engendered Fictions，頁 2:

I focus on […] the efforts of feminist critics of science to examine the engendered origins and implications of scientific rationality and modern epistemology.

1996，Steven C Ward，Reconfiguring Truth，頁 xviii:


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014年June14日，“It's a gas”, in The Economist，卷 411, 期 8891:


enigma

源自拉丁語 aenigma (“谜语”)，派生自古希臘語动名词αἴνιγμα (aínigma，“隐晦的交流，阴暗的话语”)。

Watching a coast as it slips by the ship is like thinking about an enigma.

1899 Feb，Joseph Conrad，“The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine，頁 202:


enjoin

源自中古英語 enjoinen，源自古法語 enjoindre (“加入”)，源自拉丁語 iniungo (“依附”)，由in- (“进入，在...之上”)和iungo构成的复合词。

enjoins (third-person singular present)
enjoining (present participle)
enjoined (past participle)

to confirm these days of Purim in their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them […]

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Esther 9:31:

At some landmark in the jungle the beater halted, pointed to the ground as a sign that this spot would do, and put his finger on his lips to enjoin silence.

1934，George Orwell，章號 14, in Burmese Days:

They [the Noahide laws] also enjoin the establishment of a just system of laws and courts.

2001，David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow，Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary，頁 15:

In 1983, BLM was enjoined by court order from using any herbicides in its Medford, Oregon District. Subsequent court action in 1984 enjoined BLM from the use of herbicides throughout Oregon and the U.S. Forest Service was similarly enjoined throughout Region 6 (Pacific Northwest).

1989，U.S. Department of the Interior，章號 1, in Western Oregon Program-Management of Competing Vegetation: Proposed Record of Decision，Bureau of Land Management，頁 9:

the judicial power of the United States had no power to enjoin the executive branch of the government from the execution of a constitutional duty or of a constitutional law

1826，James Kent，Commentaries on American Law:


enmity

源自中古英語 enemyte，源自古法語 enemisté、ennemistié，源自晚期拉丁語、通俗拉丁語 *inimīcitās, *inimīcitātem，源自拉丁語 inimīcus (“敌人”)。同源词有法語 inimitié、葡萄牙語 inimizade、西班牙語 enemistad。等价于enemy + -ity。

Some later Muses from Ionia and Sicily reckoned it safest to weave together both versions and say that that which is both many and one, held together by both enmity and amity.

2005，Plato，譯者 Lesley Brown, Sophist，頁 242e:

I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways.

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 1, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


ennead

來自古希臘語 ἐννεάς (enneás)、ἐννεάδος (enneádos，“九人的身體”) + -ad (指定單位的後綴)；可分析為ennea- + -ad。希臘語詞彙ἐννεάς和ἐννεάδος衍生自ἐννέᾰ (ennéă，“九”) (源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥ (“九”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs，由數字構成抽象名詞的後綴)或-ος (-os)。

The ennead, according to the Pythagoreans, circulates all numbers within itself, and there can be no number beyond it. For the natural progression of numbers is as far as to 9, but after it their retrogression takes place. For 10 becomes as it were again the monad. […] Hence it is not possible there should be any elementary number beyond the ennead.

1816，Proclus，章號 XXXI, in Thomas Taylor（譯者）, The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 211:

[T]he ennead is subtracted for this cause, because the three hundred and sixty parts of the entire [circle] consist of enneads, and for this reason the four regions of the world are circumscribed by ninety perfect parts.

1868，Hippolytus, J[ohn] H[enry] MacMahon，章號 XLIII, in The Refutation of All Heresies, […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: […]; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome. Vol. I.))，Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book IV (Of the Refutation of All Heresies)，頁 111:

任何包含九個物體的組合或系統

We may assert with confidence that no cycle of this kind, and of equal antiquity or even of inferior antiquity, is the actual existence better attested or more thoroughly authenticated than that of this octaëteris of Philammon of Delphi, or, as we may truly call it, this original Pythian ennead of primitive Hellas.

1852，Edward Greswell，“On the Lunar in Contradistinction to the Solar Modifications of the Primitive Calendar”, in Fasti Temporis Catholici and Origines Kalendariæ. … In Four Volumes，卷 I, Oxford: At the Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section V (The Octaëteris)，頁s 566–567:

The exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in its last three enneads, may have had a nearer primary reference to, and a nearer fulfilment in, the return of the exiles under Zerubbabel, and Ezra, and Nehemiah; […]

1882，The Church Quarterly Review，卷 XIII, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC，頁 172:

At one time one god was a greater favourite with the nation than another, and the cult of the god or gods which the old Babylonians preferred in the early days of their empire frequently fell into disuse and neglect in after times. The most important ennead among the Babylonians was as follows:— […]

1884，E[rnest] A[lfred] Wallis Budge，“The Babylonian Religion”, in Babylonian Life and History (By-paths of Bible Knowledge; V)，London: Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 127–128:


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March，“Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 160:


enshrine

enshrines (third-person singular present)
enshrining (present participle)
enshrined (past participle)

A Phœnix, gaz'd by all, as that ſole Bird / When, to enſhrine his reliques in the Sun’s / Bright temple, to Ægyptian Theb's he flies.

1667，John Milton，“Book V”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 272–274:

At the centre of Muhammad's achievement was the extraordinary poetry which enshrined his revelations.

2009，Diarmaid MacCulloch，A History of Christianity，Penguin, 出版於 2010，頁 256:

Other measures, such as compensation for victims, will be enshrined in the proposed new law.

其他手段，比如补偿受害者，将出现于新法中。

The links were mostly to newspaper articles and public records, and Google refused to comply, but with the “right to be forgotten” enshrined as a key objective of the European Union’s 2011 data protection strategy, more and bigger cases are likely to follow.

2011年April19日，Sumit Paul-Choudhury，“Digital legacy: The fate of your online soul”, in NewScientist:

In total, it would have enshrined over 100 rights into Chile’s national charter, more than any other constitution in the world, including the right to housing, education, clean air, water, food, sanitation, internet access, retirement benefits, free legal advice and care “from birth to death.”

2022年September4日，Jack Nicas，“Chile Says ‘No’ to Left-Leaning Constitution After 3 Years of Debate”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


eerie

源自中古英語 eri (“害怕的”)，源自古英語 earg (“胆小的，害怕的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *argaz。与低地蘇格蘭語 ergh, argh同源，源自同一古英语词。argh 的同源對似詞。

eerier (comparative)
eeriest (superlative)

creepy

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

spooky

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

The eerie sounds seemed to come from the graveyard after midnight.

午夜过后那片坟地好像有诡异的声音传来。

Dan was beginning to feel very depressed when suddenly the eerie howl of a dingo rang out[.]

1943，H. Lorna Bingham，The Lost Tribe，Sydney: Winn and Co.，頁 13，列 2:

She began to feel eerie.

'It is my business to read the hearts o' men,' said the other.
'And who may ye be?' said Heriotside, growing eerie.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide


eerie

I'm not sure, indeed, that we didn't scare the eagles from their eeries; at all events we thought we did.

1884，Gordon Stables，O'er Many Lands, on Many Seas，頁 114:

They hang suspended over precipices, these rocky eeries of grim birds of prey that bequeath their appetite for murder and loot to their brood.

1910，Hans Adolf Erwein Max graf von Königsmarck, P. H. Oakley Williams，A German Staff Officer in India:

Of the heavenly azure, and of the eeries suspended on the highest rocks they had indeed heard something, but they had never seen them, and in spite of their wishes it was no longer the old keen home-sickness of the old eagles.

1912 December，Joseph Stutzin，“The Children of the Eagle”, in Israel Goldberg（譯者）, The Maccabæan: A Magazine of Jewish Life and Letters，卷 22, 號 6，頁 184:

What was it that had driven them forth from their wooded mountain eeries to wait and watch for that one short moment, when the figure of an old man clad in a plain black military tunic would become visible at the saloon-window of a crawling train, to watch a wrinkled hand wave a fleeting greeting?

But his army reached Buñola at the head of the pass, and at once, like a whirlwind, the Moors swept down from their eeries and gave battle.

1932，Nina Larrey Duryea，Mallorca the Magnificent，頁 26:

Other of these terrible Eeries began now to congregate beneath the canoe, taking courage by the example of their cowardly companion, all alike curious about this charming visitant in the upper world.

1880，Charles Martin Newell，Kalani of Oahu: An Historical Romance of Hawaii，頁 255:

I tell you it's weirdsville down there, a spaced-out botanical Twilight Zone of creepies, crawlies, eeries, and ghastlies.

2013，Robert Silverberg，“A Science-Fiction Garden”, in Reflections and Refractions:

Just a couple of eeries looking to get squamous, to swipe a little snatch of wholesome fun from the funktacular funerary fundament belonging to the Big Boss, a hit big enough to drop our brains out the bottoms of our various appendages and forget the essential, unalterable, sanity-shearing truth of our watery and unfleeling cosmos: R'lyeh sucks.

2017 September/October，Catherynne M. Valente，“Down and Out in R'lyeh”, in Uncanny Magazine，號 18，頁 41:

If circumstances were even slightly different, I would allow my eeries to descend upon you and do as they pleased. After what your two friends caused here the last time, you're lucky I'm managing to hold them back at all.

2021，Steve Conoboy，Refrain Of The Fallen:


ensnare

ensnares (third-person singular present)
ensnaring (present participle)
ensnared (past participle)

But electric vehicles and the batteries that made them run became ensnared in corporate scandals, fraud, and monopolistic corruption that shook the confidence of the nation and inspired automotive upstarts.

2006，Edwin Black，章號 1, in Internal Combustion:


effervescent

源自法語 effervescent，源自拉丁語 effervēscō (“将...煮沸”)。

more effervescent (comparative)
most effervescent (superlative)

"It is rarely in human life," rejoined Douglas, "we realize the inimitable paintings our imaginations form, and less so during the effervescent period of youth. The bright impression glows upon the fancy, ravishes the mental view, but ere long vanishes, and leaves the prospect desolate and forlorn."

1838，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，Duty and Inclination，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn，頁 223:

The effervescent Suarez then went close again as he worked space for a shot after a mazy run but could not keep his close-range shot below the crossbar.

2012年April22日，Sam Sheringham，“Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:


egregious

源自拉丁語 ēgregius，源自e- (“自，从”) + grex (“群，群体”) + 英语形容词后缀-ous，源自晚期拉丁语后缀-osus (“充满...的”)，反映了带有正面色彩的“出类拔萃”。

more egregious (comparative)
most egregious (superlative)

/ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/

/əˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒi.əs/

负面词义在16世纪末叶出现，可能是为了讽刺。在那之前指正面的“出类拔萃”，“杰出”。Webster亦给出了古旧词义“杰出的”，并注解说现代词义常带负面色彩（比如“an eregious error”），常前接于表述性名词，如ass、blunderer、rascal和rogue。意大利语和西班牙语同源词egregio以及葡萄牙語 egrégio仍保留且仅限于褒义。

严重的，剧烈的 （尤带有负面色彩）

The student has made egregious errors on the examination.

学生在考试时犯了很严重的错误。

I cannot cross my arms, or sigh "Ah me," / "Ah me forlorn!" egregious foppery! / I cannot buss thy fill, play with thy hair, / Swearing by Jove, "Thou art most debonnaire!"

Good Heaven! when we observe what egregious nonsense other people talk, what woful follies other people commit, sure we must be tempted to turn upon ourselves and ask—"What do I do that is equally silly?"

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXXI, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 257:

When the goal is simply to be as faithful as possible to the material—as if a movie were a marriage, and a rights contract the vow—the best result is a skillful abridgment, one that hits all the important marks without losing anything egregious.

22 March 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/

She's sitting opposite a window that's gently breezing into her face, wafting her hair into cover-girl perfection ... It's a little moment that seems to encapsulate her appeal: ... her gorgeousness being so egregious that even breezes oblige with their tousle-fanning effects ...

2014年January21日，Hermione Hoby，“Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):


egress

The window provides an egress in the event of an emergency.

紧急情况下窗口可以当做出口。

Gates of burning adamant, / Barred over us, prohibit all egress.

1667，John Milton，“Book 2”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. […] She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

We also found that the only emergency egress from the tram was by smashing the front or rear windscreens, and that emergency lighting had failed when the tram overturned.

2021年December29日，Dominique Louis，“Causal analysis: crashworthiness at Sandilands”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 33:

Buildings or portions thereof shall be provided with a means of egress system as required this chapter. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, construction and arrangement of means egress components required to provide an approved means of egress from structures and portions thereof.

2003，International Building Code (IBC)，Chapter 10 section 1001.1:


enthrall

enthralls (third-person singular present)
enthralling (present participle)
enthralled (past participle)

bewitch

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

captivate

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

charm

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enchant

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

transfix

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enslave

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

subjugate

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

disenthrall

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

In the center of the circle of glittering black bodies he leaped and roared and shook his heavy spear in the same mad abandon that enthralled his fellow savages. The last remnant of his civilization was forgotten—he was a primitive man to the fullest now; reveling in the freedom of the fierce, wild life he loved, gloating in his kingship among these wild blacks.

1913，Edgar Rice Burroughs，章號 17, in The Return of Tarzan:

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

[…] Who oft as undeservedly enthrall / His outward freedom: Tyranny must be;

1667，John Milton，“Book XII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


eh

自然的exclamation。首个书面记录见于16世纪中叶。可能是aye的无重音变体。
菲律宾相关义项可能受到了他加祿語 eh和/或西班牙語 eh的影响。

meh

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

在北美，该词因刻板印象与加拿大联想起来，有时用来（挖苦性地）在加拿大外模仿加拿大口音。然而，其亦广泛使用于其他英语地区，包括美国北部、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国、马来西亚、菲律宾、苏格兰、新加坡、南非和尼日利亚。

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

—Do you feel like going out tonight?
—Eh, I don't know.

-你今晚想去玩吗？
-呃，不清楚。

"Look, Mom; I made the real rocket, based on the macaroni prototype!" "...Eh."


entrench

entrenches (third-person singular present)
entrenching (present participle)
entrenched (past participle)

/ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

Senator Cornpone was able to entrench by spending millions on each campaign.

Cornpone参议员在竞选活动上花了上百万以后才得以巩固自己的地位。

Given these entrenched ideological assumptions about the colonial order, it is no wonder that the state and those groups with an interest in the status quo viewed with suspicion and hostility any challenges to the fixed and "natural" boundaries between different sorts of people.

2009，Andrew B. Fisher, Matthew O'Hara，“Forward”, in Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America，頁 4:

For London to have its own exclusive immigration policy would exacerbate the sense that immigration benefits only certain groups and disadvantages the rest. It would entrench the gap between London and the rest of the nation. And it would widen the breach between the public and the elite that has helped fuel anti-immigrant hostility.

2013年September28日，Kenan Malik，“London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-28:

His face
 Deep scars of thunder had entrenched.

1667，John Milton，“Book I”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


eke out

源自弃用词eke (“添加，使...增加”) + out。

ekes out (third-person singular present)
eking out (present participle)
eked out (past participle)

The old man eked out his pension by selling vegetables from his garden.

老人靠卖花园里的蔬菜来让自己的养老金多一些。

Now the reaſons why they teach the calves to drink ſo ſoon are various. [...] Secondly, the goodwife ſaves milk by this way of drinking, for ſhe quickly ekes out the milk with pottage, &c.

1694年September28日，John Houghton, compiler，“A Letter from a Lancashire Friend about Breeding Cattle. […]”, in Husbandry and Trade Improv’d: Being a Collection of Many Valuable Materials Relating to Corn, Cattle, Coals, Hops, Wool, &c. […] In Three Volumes，期 CXIII, London: Prin[t]ed for Woo[d]man and Lyon […], 出版於 1727, →OCLC，頁 303:

[T]he author [William Belsham] ekes out his volume with a great many extraneous details, which relate to a ſubſequent period; [...] The whole work is ſingularly confuſed and deſultory: and, indeed, the plan which the author adopts, is altogether incompatible with that unity and coherence which is eſſential to hiſtory.

1805 July，“Art. XIV. History of Great Britain. By William Belsham. Vol. XI. and XII. London, 1805. 8vo. [book review]”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal，卷 VI, 期 XII, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, […], for Archibald Constable & Co. […], and Longman Hurst Rees and Orme, […], →OCLC，頁 428:

He eked out a living selling vegetables from the garden.

他靠卖花园里的蔬菜勉强度日。

[…]stylistically raw work known as outsider art that was frequently made by Southern blacks and whites who eked out livings as farmers or repairmen.

2001年October23日，Roberta Smith，“Howard Finster, Folk Artist and Preacher, Dies at 84”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

But before too long, the rations that Parivash was ekeing out to feed them fell short and the tension that sprang from so many families piled in together overflowed.

2011，Kamin Mohammadi，“Displaced”, in The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran，London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN; 第paperback版, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, →ISBN，頁 197:

British tycoon Richard Branson stole the show here Wednesday, announcing that he and his family would be on Virgin Galactic's first trip into space, as Airbus and Boeing eked out more plane orders.

2012年July12日，Ben Perry，“Branson’s spaceship steals the spotlight at airshow”, in Yahoo! News，存檔自the original on 2020-04-26:

Her stomach growled at the prospect of eating roast rabbit for breakfast; the last time she had eaten meat had been three days ago. Since then, they had been ekeing out the last dusty contents of a sack of oats, watered down and cooked to make a sloppy gruel.

2013，Meriel Fuller，章號 1, in The Knight’s Fugitive Lady (Harlequin Historical; 370)，Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Enterprises, →ISBN，頁 7:


environmental

That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition.

2013年August10日，“Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，“Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。

環境保護主義的運動或意識形態

The need for environmentalisms engaged with the commons rather than relegated to the individual consumer or tied to the middle-class principles of private property.

2018，Nicole Seymour，Bad Environmentalism，頁 196:


environmentalist

tree hugger

主要用於澳洲和新西蘭、俚語、經常帶貶義

This tension is familiar in the lives of most environmentalists. Some own cars; some still eat meat.

2016年April5日，Madeleine Somerville，“How I deal with the unbearable hypocrisy of being an environmentalist”, in The Guardian:

The term greenwashing was coined by environmentalist Jay Westerveld in 1986, back when most consumers received their news from television, radio and print media – the same outlets that corporations regularly flooded with a wave of high-priced, slickly-produced commercials and print ads.

2016年August20日，Bruce Watson，“The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing”, in The Guardian:

A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:

He [King Charles] is a committed environmentalist at a point when the government is full of climate change deniers.

2022年September12日，Zoe Williams，“Why are people getting arrested in Britain for being republicans?”, in The Guardian:

認為個人或群體發展的主要因素是環境而不是遺傳或文化的人

As we remarked once before, there are two extreme views with respect to life, one attributing everything to the environment, the other to inherent abilities. If, for example, an unusual number of distinguished men are born and reared in the same locality, the environmentalists assert that the causes for their appearance were entirely external and that had their parents changed habitats with those residing elsewhere the result would have been the same, except that the family names of these eminent men would have been different.

1926，Clark Wissler，The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America，出版於 1971，頁s 211–212:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalist。


environmentalist

more environmentalist (comparative)
most environmentalist (superlative)

The environmentalist explanation would be that tropical environment retards or depresses culture through its physiological effect on the human organism.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 69:


eldritch

源自早期形式elritch，其词源不详。一般认为后半部分-ritch是古英語 rīċe (“王国”)（参见riche）。一部分人认为前半部分el-派生自一个指“外来，陌生”的古英语词根（与古英語 ellende和现代英语else有关），有些人则认为其派生自elf。因霍华德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特的著作而重新引入大众文学。

more eldritch (comparative)
most eldritch (superlative)

/ˈɛl.dɹɪt͡ʃ/

超自然的，渗人的，恐怖的，怪异的，离奇的

So Maggie runs, the witches follow,
Wi' mony an eldritch skriech and hollo.

Pearl, in utter scorn of her mother's attempt to quiet her, gave an eldritch scream, and then became silent.

1850，Nathaniel Hawthorne，章號 VII, in The Scarlet Letter:

The large vessel's dark form was massive, eldritch, as it loomed off the Cushing's port bow in the flash-lit darkness. This was the Hiei. The recognition of the battleship spread down the van, from the Cushing to the Laffey to the Sterett to the O'Bannon.

2011，James D. Hornfischer，“28: Into the Light”, in Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal，New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, retrieved 2022-11-23，頁 276:


ephemeral

源自新拉丁語 ephemerus，源自古希臘語 ἐφήμερος (ephḗmeros)，ἐφημέριος (ephēmérios，“仅持续一天的；仅在白天的；仅存活一天的；短命的；暂时的”)的更常见形式，源自ἐπί (epí，“在...之上，在”) + ἡμέρα (hēméra，“一天”)。

more ephemeral (comparative)
most ephemeral (superlative)

Esteem, lasting esteem, the esteem of good men, like himself, will be his reward, when the gale of ephemeral popularity shall have gradually subsided.

1821-1822, Vicesimus Knox, Remarks on the tendency of certain Clauses in a Bill now pending in Parliament to degrade Grammar Schools

sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy

1853，James Stephen，Lecture on the right use of Books:

It was during an access of this kind that I suddenly left my home, and bending my steps towards the near Alpine valleys, sought in the magnificence, the eternity of such scenes, to forget myself and my ephemeral, because human, sorrows.

1818，Mary Shelley，章號 9, in Frankenstein，存檔自the original on 2012-04-03:


epidemiologist

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”

2013年January18日，Katie L. Burke，“Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 64:


elegiac

源自中古法語 élégiaque，源自拉丁語 elegīacus，源自古希臘語 ἐλεγειακός (elegeiakós)。

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/

His saphics are worse, if possible, than his elegiacs

1748，John Upton，Critical Observations on Shakespeare，第2nd版，頁 385:


elope

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 aloper (“绑架；逃走”)，借自原始西日耳曼語 *andihlaupan (“逃走”)。等价于and- + lope和and- + leap（这两个词亦为同源对似词）。还见lope。

elopes (third-person singular present)
eloping (present participle)
eloped (past participle)

（与别人的未婚妻未婚夫）私奔；私下结婚（尤指很快的）

My younger sister has left all her friends-- has eloped; has thrown herself into the power of-- of Mr. Wickham.

Although Cecilia was the youngest of the surviving Thrale daughters, she had been the first to marry, eloping to Gretna Green in 1795 with John Meredith Mostyn of neighboring Llewesog Lodge. Both were underage.

1996，“Introduction”, in The Piozzi Letters: Correspondence of Hester Lynch Piozzi, 1784-1821 (formerly Mrs. Thrale), Volume 4, 1805-1810，Associated University Presses, →ISBN，頁 30:

"[Molly:] —It was the same last time [You-Know-Who] was powerful, people eloping left right and centre– —Including you and Dad, said Ginny slyly."

2005，J. K. Rowling，“An Excess of Phlegm” (章號 5), in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter; 6)，Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, →ISBN，頁 92:

Although they had eloped in Vegas, she'd insisted he wear a tuxedo and she buy a wedding dress at one of the local stores.

2009，Jan Springer，Intimate Stranger，Ellora's Cave, 出版於 2009, →ISBN，頁 132:

They knew each other for maybe a month before they eloped in Vegas.

2012，Shirley Jump，One Day to Find a Husband，Harlequin, 出版於 2012, →ISBN，頁 136:

He had been intended by his father for trade, but his spirit, soaring above the occupation for which he was designed, from repining led him to resist, and from resisting, to rebel. He eloped from his friends, and contrived to enter the army.

If we'd been a bit quicker, we could have caught Gowan before he eloped

1931，Dorothy L. Sayers，The Five Red Herrings:


elude

源自拉丁語 ēlūdō (“逃过”)，源自ē (“外”，ex的短形式) + lūdō (“玩耍；欺骗”)。

eludes (third-person singular present)
eluding (present participle)
eluded (past participle)

（尤指用手段，技巧） 逃避，逃过

Thus the observation of human blindness and weakness is the result of all philosophy, and meets us at every turn, in spite of our endeavours to elude or avoid it.

1748，David Hume，Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral.，London: Oxford University Press, 出版於 1973, § 26:

It leaves City still searching for the Champions League, the trophy that has always eluded them

2021年May29日，Phil McNulty，“Manchester City 0-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:

Podolski gave Walcott a chance to further embellish Arsenal's first-half performance when he eluded James Perch and slipped the ball through to the striker.

2012年December29日，Paul Doyle，“Arsenal's Theo Walcott hits hat-trick in thrilling victory over Newcastle”, in The Guardian:


elusive

源自拉丁語 elusus，eludo (“闪避（一击），欺骗”)的过去分词。

more elusive (comparative)
most elusive (superlative)

Charley chased the elusive idea through all the nooks and crannies of his drowning consciousness.

While you're sniffing the trunks of the ponderosas to see if they're butterscotch, vanilla, strawberry, or the elusive chocolate variety, watch for Brown Creepers, an elusive variety of bird.

2002，Scott Roederer，Birding: Rocky Mountain National Park，頁 93:


emblazon

emblazons (third-person singular present)
emblazoning (present participle)
emblazoned (past participle)

The route passes over low-lying land, the only item of note being the Cerebos salt works at Greatham, where one may catch a glimpse of the smart black diesel locomotive emblazoned with the firm's name writ large.

1959 August，K. Hoole，“The Middlesbrough — Newcastle route of the N.E.R.”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 359:

在...上雕刻，在...上刻印

The benefactor's image is emblazoned on our memory.

恩人的样子刻在了我们的心中。

Welcome to QAnon, sometimes referred to as “the Storm.” It’s a conspiracy theory that’s swept social media and is starting to break into the mainstream, with Trump rally attendees in Florida on July 31 holding signs and wearing T-shirts emblazoned with “We are Q” and the conspiracy theory’s main catchphrase, “Where we go one, we go all.”

2018年August2日，Jane Coaston，“#QAnon, the scarily popular pro-Trump conspiracy theory, explained”, in Vox:


emcee

MC (“主持人”)的發音拼寫。

emcees (third-person singular present)
emceeing (present participle)
emceed (past participle)

担任...的主持人，主持

Alan Lomax was emceeing the blues workshop and was turned off by the Paul Butterfield Jug Band and implied as much on stage.

1965 August，Mississippi Phil Ochs，“The Newport Fuzz Festival”, in The Realist，期 61, retrieved 2022-11-13，頁 11:


equidistance

The men are ranged so as to form three sides of a square, and stand three deep, each prisoner being three yards from his fellow. This equidistance gives them the appearance of chess-men set out on a board.

囚犯们排成一个正方形的三条边，每排三人，每人与另一人相距三码。这种等距让他们看起来像棋盘上的棋子。

1862，Henry Mayhew，John Binny，The Criminal Prisons of London, and Scenes of Prison Life，頁 308:


equinox

原始印歐語詞
 *nókʷts
繼承自中古英語 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中晝夜等長的兩個時段之一，二分點；黃道十二宮中的白羊座或天秤座，在這兩個星座中，太陽穿過天體赤道”)，來自古法語 equinoce、equinoxe (現代法語 équinoxe)或來自詞源中世紀拉丁語 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，來自拉丁語 aequinoctium (“二分點”)，來自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源頭衍生自原始印歐語 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (構成抽象名詞的後綴)。這個拉丁語詞彙，被後來衍生的中古英語和現代英語所採用，取代了古英語 efnniht (現代英語 evennight)。
罕見的另一個複數形式equinoctes將equinox視為一個拉丁語詞彙；拉丁語 nox (“夜晚”)的複數是noctēs。

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural)
æquinox (alternative)

evennight

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]

1793年September22日，Edward Williams，“Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, in Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […]，London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，頁s 160–161:

21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.

1848，Charles Richard Weld，章號 V, in A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […]，卷 I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.

1854，John Williams，“Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, in The Life of Julius Cæsar，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 195:

The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.

2005，Clive [L. N.] Ruggles，“Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth，Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，頁 148:

[…] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.

2006，John T. Koch，“calendar, Celtic”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia，卷 I, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，頁 332，列 1:

一種強風，被認為在春分前後頻繁出現，現在知道是一種誤解；春分大風

The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.

1920年September1日，Rudyard Kipling，“The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, in The London Magazine，London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society，accessed 7 September 2022，存檔自the original on 2021-12-22:


ergosterol

Terbinafine has a unique mechanism of action among the antifugal agents (Petranyi et al, 1984; Balfour and Faulds, 1992), inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key sterol component in the plasma membrane of the fungal cell.

2003，Peter G. Pappas，“Terbinafine”, in Clinical Mycology，Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 104:


erica

I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

1840，John Claudius Loudon，The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:


erstwhile

使用erstwhile指代“尊敬的”起源自在“erstwhile colleague”之类的短语内被人误读为esteemed等词的近义词，大多数权威机构不建议如此使用。

“Scarcely had Alice reached her twentieth birthday, than she gave her erstwhile fiancée [sic] his formal congé. […]”

1905，Baroness Emmuska Orczy，章號 2, in The Disappearance of Count Collini:

Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.

2017年October14日，Paul Doyle，“Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, in the Guardian:

If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.

1999年November1日，Frank Bruni，引 George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, in New York Times:


erudite

源自拉丁語 ērudītus，ērudiō (“教育，训练”)的分词，源自e- (“外，出，离”) + rudis (“粗鲁的；技艺生疏的”)。erudit 的同源對似詞。

more erudite (comparative)
most erudite (superlative)

At all events, if it involved any secret information in regard to old Roger Chillingworth, it was in a tongue unknown to the erudite clergyman, and did but increase the bewilderment of his mind.

1850，Nathaniel Hawthorne，章號 XII, in The Scarlet Letter:

Elmer Moffatt had been magnificent, rolling out his alternating effects of humour and pathos, stirring his audience by moving references to the Blue and the Gray, convulsing them by a new version of Washington and the Cherry Tree […], dazzling them by his erudite allusions and apt quotations.

1913，Edith Wharton，“Chapter 43”, in The Custom of the Country:

THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF WORLD RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES. Edited by P. Ransome-Wallis. Hutchinson. 50s. [...] The most erudite locomotive engineer could not fail to excavate new knowledge from this remarkably comprehensive volume, [...]

1960 January，“New reading on railways”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 26:

Perhaps his erudite mind does not quite yet grasp how to transform his beloved scholarly explorations into effective papal politics.

2006年September17日，Jeff Israely，“Preaching Controversy”, in Time，存檔自the original on 2010-09-19:

Cruz was obviously analogizing Bernie Sanders to the Bolsheviks and Hillary Clinton to the Mensheviks. The oleaginous Texan is an erudite slyboots, but his history is off-kilter.

2015年November1日，Hendrik Hertzberg，“That G.O.P. Debate: Two Footnotes”, in The New Yorker:


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851:


Yangtze

來自漢語 揚子／扬子和揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng)官話發音的不規則羅馬化，原是指揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)，揚州附近的一個舊渡口，以前是長江下游的名稱，後來被外國遊客用於整個長江。民間詞源認為該名稱意思為「海洋之子」，源自同音誤用的洋子江，據說是利瑪竇所用的，這個名稱在他去世後出版的日記中使該河流在歐洲廣為人知，寫成拉丁語 Iansu、Iansuchian。

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

流经南京的这条河，我称之为“扬子江”或“洋子江”，“大洋之子”，它向北流经南京，然后稍微转向南，奔流入海：入海口距离南京有四十里远。从这里到北京还有河流可以通行，中国历代国王从这条河开凿了一条大水道，通向另一条河，称为黄河，因为该河水颜色浑浊而得名。这是该国另一条著名的河流，气势磅礴，声名显赫，发源于王国西部的昆仑山，那里据推测是恒河的发源地，或靠近恒河的发源地。

1625，Samuel Purchas，Pvrchas His Pilgrimes，卷 III, London, →OCLC，頁 340:

You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

您会发现，英国和法国的专员们可以随意沿长江而上，并可以使用他们各自国家的轮船。由于没有其他交通工具，我不得不乘坐一艘往返于上海和香港之间的英国小轮船来到这里。

1853年December8日，Humphrey Marshall，Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries，期 37, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, 出版於 1854, →OCLC，頁s 323–324:

The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

上海主教希望更清楚地表达他的管辖范围，因此他的头衔今后将是“上海主教，管辖长江下游流域”。管辖范围将足够大。长江长三千英里，其两岸的人口达一亿。由于该（清）帝国已有三位英国国教主教，以及一支庞大的英国神职人员传教士队伍，布恩主教希望他的管辖范围仅限于长江下游八百英里的人口。

1887 [1886年October19日]，G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone，“Fourteenth Day's Proceedings”, in Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America，Chicago，頁 99:

It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

直到长江到达沙市，其性质才完全改变。第一个变化是一条三十英尺高的大堤，保护该地区免遭洪水侵袭。在沙市下游，这条宽阔的河流与由运河连接的湖泊和河流网络混合在一起，其中重要的洞庭湖面积超过2000平方英里。

1900，Isabella L. Bird，The Yangtze Valley and Beyond，卷 1，頁s 9-10:

Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

1918，J.S. Lee，The Geology of China，University of Birmingham, →OCLC，頁 320:

Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

除新疆省吐鲁番盆地外，中国最热的地区位于长江中下游。长沙和南京的最高气温曾达到43°-44°C (110°-112°F) 。

1969，Yi-Fu Tuan，China，Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company，頁 22:

Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

1127年初夏，皇帝位于长江南岸的南京城附近。

1974，John H. Winkelman，The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government，頁 12:

The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

中国共产党拓宽长江，破坏了自然资源，给大陆带来了自然灾害，包括四川省和其他地区最严重的洪水。

1982年January3日，“News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected”, in Free China Weekly，卷 XXIII, 期 1, Taipei，頁 3:

The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

降雨导致长江水位上涨，7月19日武汉上游三峡大坝的水位达到历史最高水平。

2020年August10日，“Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding”, in Time，卷 196, 期s 5-6，頁 10:

The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

该建筑位于长江南岸城市鄂州的郊区，被誉为世界上最大的独立式养猪场，而另一座与之相同的养猪大楼也即将开业。

2023年February8日，Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu，“China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-02-08:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Yangtze。


yesternight

來自中古英語 yesternyght，yisternight，來自古英語 ġiestranniht (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + night。

What man was he talk'd with you yesternight
 Out at your window betwixt twelve and one?

昨天晚上在十二点钟到一点钟之间，
在你的窗口跟你谈话的那个男人是谁？

c. 1598，William Shakespeare，“Act IV, Scene 1”, in Much Ado About Nothing:

It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.

我手中原有能力害你，只是你父親的神昨夜對我說：『你要小心，不可與雅各說好說歹。』

1611，King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 31:29:

[…] when the Templar crossed the hall yesternight, he spoke to his Mussulman slaves in the Saracen language, which I well understand, and charged them this morning to watch the journey of the Jew […]

[…] 昨晚聖殿騎士穿過大廳時，跟他的穆斯林奴隸用薩拉森語講了幾句話；我聽得懂這種語言，他是要他們今天早上監視你的行蹤 […]

[…] she has disturbed me, night and day, through eighteen years—incessantly—remorselessly—till yesternight; and yesternight I was tranquil.

[…] 她擾了我日日夜夜，十八年以來——不斷地——毫無憐憫的——一直到昨夜；昨夜我平靜了。

1847，Emily Brontë，章號 29, in Wuthering Heights:

I came here yesternight for a call of nature and to do what none can do for me, when lo! a mouse came out of the water, and squeaked at me and swelled and waxed gross till it was big as a buffalo, and spoke to me words that entered my ears. Then he left me here and went away.

昨晚，我来这里解手，突然一只耗子从水池里钻出来吱吱乱叫，只见牠渐渐变大，变得像水牛那样肥壮，然后说了几句人话，丢下我走了。

1885，Richard F. Burton，章號 XXII, in The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night，卷 I, The Burton Club，頁 228:


yestreen

繼承自中古英語 yestreen，源自 yestereven (“昨夜”)，繼承自 古英語 ġiestranǣfen (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + e'en (“傍晚；晚上”)。和西弗里斯蘭語 justerjûn (“昨夜”) 同源。

yestereen (alternative)
yestreens (plural)

It was the creature Dougal that extricated me, as he did yestreen […]

You have not forgotten our telephone conversation of yestreen, Jeeves?

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 11, in Jeeves in the Offing:


yew

源自中古英語 ew，源自古英語 īw、ēow，源自原始日耳曼語 *īwaz、*īhwaz（對比冰島語 ýr），*īwō的陽性變體（對比荷蘭語 ijf、德語 Eibe），源自原始印歐語 *h₁eyHweh₂。
也見赫梯語 [需要文字] (eja，“一種常綠樹”)、威爾士語 yw (“紫杉”)、愛爾蘭語 eo [與古英語 īw、ēow同源]；以及拉特加萊語 īva (“稠李”)、立陶宛語 ievà (“稠李”)、俄語 и́ва (íva，“柳樹”)。

To prevent a too great consumption of yew, bowyers were directed to make four bows of witch-hazel, ash or elm, to one of yew, and no person under seventeen years of age, unless possessed of moveables worth forty marks, of the son of parents having an estate of ten pounds per annum might shoot in an yew bow, under a penalty of 6s. 8d.

1786，Francis Grose，A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons，頁 37:


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985，Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, in Brothers in Arms，演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


yoga

借自查莫羅語 yoga。

A mealybug, Pseudococcus nr. microadonidum Beardsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been found feeding on the foliage of E. joga. This mealybug was sometimes found in the domatia of yoga leaves. It has been recorded on coconut, banana, and pandanus from Kiribati, Pohnpei, and Marshall Islands. This insect is a new record on yoga and for Guam.

2002，“Pests of Elaeocarpus joga in Guam”, in Micronesica，卷 34, 期 2，頁 109:


zinger

one-liner

妙语 （尤指反驳或羞辱人的）

高速移动的物体 （尤指丢出来的）

On the first pitch from Kline, Lofton hits a zinger of a single into right field that J.D. Drew picks up on one bounce, and if he makes a good throw he has a chance to throw David Bell out at home plate.

The pitcher threw a real zinger and struck him out.

投手丢了个很快的[球]，让他三振出局了。

妙语 （尤指反驳或羞辱人的）

I wasn't looking to make friends; there had been too much animosity between us in the past, and maybe the guy had a zinger waiting on me.

2007，Larry Groves，Seasons in Time, →ISBN，頁 112:

You might think it's almost worthwhile calling them and restarting the argument just to get that final zinger in. Why do you think of something good to say when it's too late?

2012，Adam Fraser，The Third Space, →ISBN，頁 124:

Boris Johnson is the most compelling personality in “Chums.” The shambolic style, the self-deprecating humor, the gift for zingers—it was all there in university, as was the elitist’s ambivalent approach to achievement.

2022年May14日，David Segal，“An Outsider Takes an Inside Look at the Oxford ‘Chums’ Who Run the U.K.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

很棒的，很活跃的，很惊人的人或物

They'd have to come up with a zinger for their Christmas windows to compete with that competitor's laughing Santa Claus and Stefan had that zinger in his proposal submitted to the President of the company.

2006，Olivia Hillis Wimbrow，My Beloved Bohemian, →ISBN，頁 130:

Think about all the scientists—and all the microscopes and lab equipment and testing—that may come up with zero instead of a zinger.

2006，Cathy Pickens，Done Gone Wrong, →ISBN:

Here, have a strawberry zinger and don't tell Mom and Dad that we had candy in the bedroom.

2013，Paula Harrison，Rescue Princesses #5: The Snow Jewel, →ISBN:

“Want some—” he saluted her with one of Julia's delicate white cups and a wry arch of eyebrow, sipped and made a face “—lemon zinger tea?” At times like this she wished she was as outgoing as Nikki or gorgeous like Bailey or even a little wild and easy with men like Valery. But she was none of those things. She was plain Carrie, the librarian, wishing she could say something snappy and clever. “If you don't like lemon zinger, pick a different kind."

2016，Linda Goodnight，The Rain Sparrow, →ISBN:


wacky

源自whack (“猛击”)，意指人因为经常撞脑袋，所以举止怪异。

wackier (comparative)
wackiest (superlative)

Though the idea of placing wacky made-up characters in a real-life context was carried over from Da Ali G Show—wherein Buzz Aldrin was once asked if he was upset that Michael Jackson got all the credit for inventing the moonwalk—Sacha Baron Cohen’s Borat felt like something new, an attempt to square an improvised, guerrilla style of underground comedy with reality-TV stunt shows like Jackass or Fear Factor.

2012年May15日，Scott Tobias，“Film: Reviews: The Dictator”, in The Onion AV Club:


Xuchang

借自官話 許昌／许昌 (Xǔchāng)的漢語拼音。

許昌（地級市名，位於中國河南）

The following autumn Rev. Edwins, in company with Rev. Landahl of the Hauge Mission, fared forth on Chinese carts for central Honan, finally arriving, after many dangers and vicissitudes on the way, at Hsüchow (now Hsüchang) on the Peking-Hankow Railroad.

次年秋天，艾德温牧师和海牙传教团的兰达尔牧师一起，乘坐中国马车前往河南中部，一路上历经艰险，终于抵达京汉铁路旁的许州（今许昌）。

[1938 December，Gustav Carlberg，The Story of Our China Mission [我们中国宣教的故事]，Board of Foreign Missions of the Augustana Synod, →OCLC，頁 6:

Chiang habitually failed to take the advice of competent strategists. One especially harmful display of this tendency came in 1948 when, against the advice of his staff and American advisers, he massed more than fifty divisions around Hsuchang to prevent Communist forces from dominating central China. The result was a complete disaster in which 550,000 Nationalist soldiers were lost, an estimated 325,000 as prisoners.

蒋介石经常不听取有能力的战略家的建议。这种倾向的一个特别有害的表现是在1948年，当时，他不顾参谋和美国顾问的建议，在许昌周围集结了50多个师，以阻止共产党军队控制华中地区。结果，国民党士兵损失了55万，估计有32.5万人被俘。

[2007，Brian Taylor，“Chiang Kai-shek and the Loss of China”, in Washington College International Studies Review，卷 IV，頁 72:

The police in the Henan city of Xuchang said on Monday that they were investigating a criminal gang headed by a man named Lu Yi whom they say may have used Henan New Fortune Group to amass control of the rural banks, and used fictitious loans to illegally transfer funds.

河南省许昌市警方周一称，他们正在调查一个以吕奕为首的犯罪团伙，警方称该团伙可能利用河南新财富集团控制村镇银行，并通过虚假贷款非法转移资金。

2022年July11日，Zixu Wang, Austin Ramzy，“Security Forces in China Attack Protesters Seeking Frozen Funds”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-07-11, Business:


xian

Xian的首字母小寫形。

(有時帶冒犯性或貶義) Xian的另一種寫法: 基督教的

But what an epoch in the xian world—what a time for a xian Orator to make a deep & eternal impression on socity:Template:SIC.

1993，Mary Moody Emerson，The Selected Letters of Mary Moody Emerson，Athens: University of Georgia Press，頁 242:


wartime

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wartime.wav

But, she says, a wartime ban on recordings using shellac and vinyl kept the Walker version from being released.

然而，她指出，由于战时对虫胶和乙烯基唱片录制材料的禁令，沃克（Walker）的版本最终未能发行。

2002年April29日，Norman Pearlstine，“A Month Of Mondays If that doesn't give you the blues, nothing will. Norman Pearlstine ranks his favorite versions of the classic "Stormy Monday Blues"--one for every doggone working day of the month.”, in CNN Money:

Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances - in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.

历史上，重大铁路项目因形势变化而遭搁置的情况并不鲜见——尤其是伦敦及东北铁路公司（LNER）的伍德海德（Woodhead）隧道工程，该项目曾受战时条件影响而延期，直至1948年国有化后资金到位才得以重启。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs on cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


whimper

源自方言词whimp (“惨叫”) + -er (反复态后缀)。对比德語 wimmern (“抽泣”)。

whimpers (third-person singular present)
whimpering (present participle)
whimpered (past participle)

“Master, please don’t punish me!” he whimpered.

“主人，不要惩罚我！”他呜咽道。

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019年May12日，Alex McLevy，“Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club:


whimsical

more whimsical (comparative)
most whimsical (superlative)

There is nothing innocuous, innocent or whimsical in a Totalitarian society, at least in the public sphere.

2020年September25日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Road to Nowhere: Whatever Can't Be Politicized Ceases to Exist:


willy-nilly

源自will I, nill I（有时亦用ye或he代替I），意为“如果我希望，如果我不希望”，即“无论我希不希望”。参见will (“想要，希望”)、nill (“（弃用）不想，不愿，不希望”)。

more willy-nilly (comparative)
most willy-nilly (superlative)

nilly-willy

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

nolens volens

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

Some writers chasing money churn out novels willy-nilly.

一些只想着钱的作家就一股脑地写一堆[劣质]小说。

Whenever I see a long handsome neck, willy nilly, the thought will come uppermost—What a capital neck for carving! Those cursed executions! One can't rid one's mind of them.

1868，[Johann Wolfgang von] Goethe，譯者 Arthur Duke Coleridge, Egmont. A Tragedy. […]，London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, Act II，頁 40:

I'll own I'm very glad he's come— / To hide my feelings would be silly— / You see I'm not so shy as some, / My thoughts will come out "willy-nilly."

1869年April1日，A. A. D.，“Twelve Scenes in a Young Lady’s Life. No. IV. A Spring Ramble.”, in The Young Englishwoman. A Volume of Pure Literature, New Fashions, and Pretty Needlework Patterns，卷 III, London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, […], →OCLC, stanza 1，頁 220，列 1:

He says he shall come for me willy-nilly, and father and mother say I must have him! But I don't want to—because—because—I love you best!

1895 January，Thomas Hardy，“Hearts Insurgent”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine，卷 XC, 期 DXXXVI, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, chapter VIII，頁 194，列 2:

The outer world is what we wake up to every morning of our lives, is the place where, willy-nilly, we must try to make our living.

1954，Aldous Huxley，The Doors of Perception，London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC，頁 36:


wince

源自中古英語 wincen、winchen，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 *wenchir、古諾曼語 *wenchier（对比古法語 guenchir），源自古法蘭克語 *wenkjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankjan。参见德語 winken。

winces (third-person singular present)
wincing (present participle)
winced (past participle)

（因疼痛，痛苦而）缩身子，畏缩

The two Gordon setters came obediently to heel. Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935，Francis Beeding，“7/2”, in The Norwich Victims:


watchtower

岗楼，（看守用的）瞭望塔

Redcap - A malevolent goblin easily distinguishable by their namesake red cap, fiery red eyes, claws and iron boots. They often appear as little old men, but can run very fast despite the boots. They reside in castles and watchtowers along the English-Scottish border, but will move their residence to avoid detection.

2002，Cecilia Dart-Thornton，The Ill-Made Mute: The Bitterbynde:


windscreen

（列车上靠门处的）挡风罩

As well as demonstrating operating facilities, full-size car body models are used for experimenting with new types of interior finish, systems of lighting, positioning of route diagrams and advertisements, and the best form of windscreens at doorways, and the height and location of handgrips and handrails.

1951 October，“Models Assist Rolling Stock Design”, in Railway Magazine，頁 647:


whithersoever

And a certaine Scribe came, and ſaid vnto him, Maſter, I will follow thee whitherſoeuer thou goeſt.

有一個經文士前來對他說：「老師，無論你到哪裡去，我都要跟從你。」

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 8:19，列 1:

JONES was commanded to leave the Houſe immediately, and told, that his Clothes and every thing elſe ſhould be ſent to him whitherſoever he ſhould order them.

1749，Henry Fielding，“XII. Containing Love Letters, &c.”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI，頁 305:

[…] whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot.

[…] 他无论走到哪里，文明都束缚着他的手脚。

1876，Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens]，章號 XXXV, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 270:

[T]he flaming pillar slowly twisted and thundered off whithersoever it passes to in the bowels of the great earth, leaving Ayesha standing where it had been.

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:

But again I thought of the emptiness and horror of reality, and boldly prepared to follow whithersoever I might be led.

1926, H.P. Lovecraft, Weird Tales, 8, No.3, 373-80.


wholeheartedly

whole-heartedly (alternative)
more wholeheartedly (comparative)
most wholeheartedly (superlative)

He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language.

他全心投入，开始学习这门语言。

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021年May15日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:


wishy-washy

wishy-washier (comparative)
more wishy-washy (comparative)
wishy-washiest (superlative)
most wishy-washy (superlative)

优柔寡断的，不干脆的，犹豫不决的

Not wanting to be pressed for details, public relations gave a wishy-washy answer.

公关部不想被问细节，给了一个模棱两可的答复。

I’m not about to vote Conservative myself (I’m a wishy-washy centrist who liked Tony Blair’s early work and has since mostly voted Labour, with an occasional swing to the Liberal Democrats and Greens)[…]

2023年July17日，Rhymer Rigby，“Sick of this Conservative government? That shouldn’t stop you having Tory friends”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The wishy-washy orange juice served by the cafeteria not only failed to be sweet; it was barely orange.

饭堂的橙汁太淡了，不仅不甜，连橙色都很淡。

Usually the quality of the liquor is judged by the "bite" of it. The hotter the better. A drink of first class, aged whisky would be ridiculed in most parts of Maine as a wishy-washy beverage fit only for mollycoddles. The Down East "soak" wants something that stings and burns all the way, and usually he gets it[…]

1915，“Maine booze turns an iron tub blue”, in The Mixer and Server:

And you will appreciate drinking the hot cup, or rather billy, of tea—which is more than one can call the wishy-washy concoction served up in some 'tea-houses'.

2006，Gipsy Petulengro，Romany Hints for Outdoor Living and Tips for Ramblers，頁 7:


wobble

源自早期形式wabble，可能源自低地德語 wabbeln (“晃动”)。对比荷蘭語 wiebelen和wobbelen (“晃动”)、古諾爾斯語 vafla (“盘旋；踉跄”)。

The fat man walked down the street with a wobble.

那个胖子摇摇晃晃地走在街上。

That should have been that, but Hart caught a dose of the Hennessey wobbles and spilled Adlene Guedioura's long-range shot.

2011年October29日，Neil Johnston，“Norwich 3 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC Sport:


wobble

wobbles (third-person singular present)
wobbling (present participle)
wobbled (past participle)

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013年July6日，“The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8843，頁 68:

the Earth wobbles slowly on its axis; the jelly wobbled on the plate

地球在其轴上缓缓地来回晃动。 果冻在盘子上晃来晃去


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

鑊是每個中國主婦都會使用的金屬製廚具，它既高效，同時又具有多種功能。鑊有兩個柄，形狀像一個淺圓錐。

1977，Marguerite Fawdry，Chinese Childhood, →ISBN，頁 86:


weka

[…] riroriros would be twittering overhead, with a shy weka peeping round a tree trunk. Wekas were very common then; they were our weather forecasters. Before rain their calls were always louder and repeated more frequently.

1964, Forest and Bird (issues 151-170, page 15)

Thin darned socks, and old old clothes. The greatcoat. A superb weka feather cloak.

1983，Keri Hulme，The Bone People，Penguin, 出版於 1986，頁 374:


woolgather

woolgathers (third-person singular present)
woolgathering (present participle)
woolgathered (past participle)

I had bad times after that—crying at night and woolgathering by day. For two terms I slackened and had bad reports.


well-worn

more well-worn (comparative)
most well-worn (superlative)

The decay of social norms and status quo systems triggering an authoritarian tightening of the screws is a well-worn pattern throughout human history.

2023年August28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Neither Comply Nor Resist:


wench

名词派生自中古英語 wench、wenche (“女婴；女孩（尤指未婚的）；少妇；女奴隶；女仆；亲爱的；妾；妓女”) [以及其他形式]，略自中古英語 wenchel (“女孩；女仆；小孩”)，源自古英語 wenċel、winċel (“小孩；侍者；奴隶”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankilą，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankijaną (“摇，曳”)。英语词与古高地德語 wenken (“摇曳；投降”)、wankōn (“踉跄”)同源。
动词和形容词派生自名词。

少女，女孩 地位低微的女孩

Jane played the role of a wench in an Elizabethan comedy.

Jane在一出伊丽莎白时代的喜剧里扮演少女。

I, like a tẽder harted wench, skriked out for feare of the divell.

c. 1580，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“[The Second Booke] Chapter 14”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC，頁 238:

Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz ſtayed by En-rogel: (for they might not be ſeene to come into the citie) and a wench went and told them: and they went, and tolde king Dauid.

那時，約拿單和亞希瑪斯在隱羅結那裡等候，不敢進城，恐怕被人看見。有一個使女出來，將這話告訴他們，他們就去報信給大衛王。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 17:17，列 1:

We got wenches on the benches, and bitties with titties / Housing all girlies from city to city

1986年November15日，Beastie Boys, Rick Rubin （作曲作詞）, “Rhymin & Stealin”, in Licensed to Ill，演出者 the Beastie Boys:

The woman is a brazen, hard-looking wench, a female pedlar, who hawks needles, thread, cheap looking-glasses, pious pictures, almanacs, hair-pins, ballads, of the most humble pattern, through the country.

1871，W[illiam] Barry，“The Barony of Threeneheila within Drum”, in Moorland and Stream. With Notes and Prose Idyls on Shooting and Trout Fishing，London: Tinsley Brothers, […], →OCLC，頁 25:

[...] working for Colonel Boone a the time--and two more men whose names I disremember now, and a nigger wench we had for a cook. [...] So I got onto one of the ponies and led the others down to the spring near camp to water them while the wench was a getting breakfast, and some o' the rest o' the outfit was a fixin the saddles and greasing the wagon.

1881，Henry Inman，“A Legend of Pawnee Rock; or How the life of an old trapper was saved by a bird”, in Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail，Kansas City, Missouri: Ramsey, Millett & Hudson，頁 89,91:

Whilſt Men have theſe Ambitious Fancies, / And wanton Wenches read Romances, / Our Sex will—What? out with it: Lye: / And Theirs in equal Strains reply.

1702，Mat[thew] Prior，“To a Young Gentleman in Love. A Tale.”, in Poems on Several Occasions，第2nd版, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], 出版於 1709, →OCLC，頁 103:

Nancy Basset, 28, likely wench, mulatto / Proved to be free. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate. // Patience Jackson, 23, very likely wench, mulatto / Says she was born free Rhode Island. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate.

1776–1787，Carmelita Robertson，Elizabeth E. D. Eve，Black Loyalists of Nova Scotia: Tracing the History of Tracadie Loyalists, 1776–87 (Curatorial Report; no. 91)，Halifax, N.S.: History Section, Nova Scotia Museum, Department of Tourism & Culture, 出版於 2000, →ISBN:

A colored girl [...] was fined ten dollars in the Freedman's Court yesterday, for being drunk and disorderly. Not having the money in her possession, she requested that a guard be sent with her to her residence to procure it. The Provost allowed a guard to wait on the wench, who, as soon as she found herself inside of her own door, locked it, and left the poor guard outside without the money. He returned to court without either the wench or fine.

1866年March2日，“Sharp Wench”, in The Appeal，St. Paul, Minneapolis, Minn.: Parker, Burgett & Hardy, →OCLC，頁 3; quoted in Hannah Rosen，“Notes”, in Terror in the Heart of Freedom: Citizenship, Sexual Violence, and the Meaning of Race in the Postemancipation South (Gender and American Culture)，Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2009, →ISBN, footnote 186，頁 282:

So complete was this illusion, claims [Eric] Lott, that many audience members, including Mark Twain's mother, believed they were seeing authentic, biologically black performers on New York stages. Of course, wench characters seem to especially test the bounds of authentic performance. Played by men, wenches were nonetheless read by audiences as beautiful women: [...] [E]xtant photographs and engravings of wench performers do not always represent them as blacked up, [...] In antebellum minstrel shows, wench songs were most often sung about mulatto women rather than by them.

2014，Kirsten Pullen，“Light Egyptian: Lena Horne and the Representation of Black Femininity”, in Like a Natural Woman: Spectacular Female Performance in Classical Hollywood，New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN，頁s 106–107: