Panamanian

Now when Ruthie says come see her / In her honky-tonk lagoon / Where I can watch her waltz for free / 'Neath her Panamanian moon

1966，Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”, in Blonde on Blonde:


Puerto Rican

/ˈpɔɹ.ɾəˌɹiː.kən/

Today many of our newcomers are from Mexico and Puerto Rico. We sometimes forget that Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens by birth and therefore cannot be considered immigrants. Nonetheless, they often receive the same discriminatory treatment and opprobrium that were faced by other waves of newcomers. The same things are said today of Puerto Ricans and Mexicans that were once said of Irish, Italians, Germans and Jews: “They’ll never adjust; they can’t learn the language; they won’t be absorbed.”

如今，我国的许多新公民来自墨西哥和波多黎各。我们有时会忘记，波多黎各人天生就是美国公民，因此不能被视为移民。尽管如此，他们与其他新移民浪潮一样，经常受到歧视性待遇和责难。今天人们对波多黎各人和墨西哥人的评价与曾经对爱尔兰人、意大利人、德国人和犹太人的评价相同：“他们永远不会适应；他们学不会英语；他们无法融入美国社会”。

1964，John F. Kennedy，“Waves of Immigration-the Post-Revolutionary Forces”, in A Nation of Immigrants，第Revised and Enlarged版, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 63:


South Korean

By now South Koreans understand Pyongyang’s logic and know North Korea is highly unlikely to make good on its gothic threats.

現在韓國人理解了平壤政府的邏輯，并且知道朝鲜不太可能兑现其咄咄逼人的威胁。

2013年April9日，Andrei Lankov，“Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in New York Times:


cybercafé

The notion of a cybercafe—a place for Net surfers to socialize on a tide of gourmet coffee—is at odds with how most people want to use computers, even in their leisure time.

1998年April16日，Michel Marriott，“The Sad Ballad Of the Cybercafe”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Most recently, the rattiest old cybercafes in Queens have been shut down, following too-frequent fights among hotheaded video-game patrons. And the once-glamorous @Cafe in Manhattan was already boarded up by 1998!

2008年November7日，Virginia Heffernan，“The Cybercafe Lives”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


échelon

echelon的另一種寫法。

As soon as the infantry had replenished their ammunition, they wheeled to the left in échelon of brigades, and began to march towards Surgham ridge. The movements of a great force are slow. It was not desirable that the British division, which led the échelon, should remain in the low ground north of Surgham—where it was commanded, had no field of fire, and could see nothing—and accordingly both these brigades moved forward almost together to occupy the crest of the ridge.

步兵一补充完弹药，就以旅为单位向左转，开始向苏尔汉姆山脊行进。一支大部队的行动是缓慢的。带领这个梯队的英军师不应该留在苏尔汉北部的低洼地带——按照指挥，那里没有火力范围，也看不到任何东西——因此这两个旅几乎一起前进，占领了山脊的顶峰。

1899，Winston Spencer Churchill，“The Battle of Omdurman: September 2, 1898 [恩圖曼之戰：1898年9月2日]”, in The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan [...] In Two Volumes [河上戰爭：征服蘇丹的歷史記錄 … 共二卷]，卷 II, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 89 Paternoster Row, →OCLC，頁s 145–146:


tronk

借自南非語 tronk，源自荷蘭語 tronk，源自葡萄牙語 tronco，源自拉丁語 truncus。truncus和trunk 的同源對似詞。

It must here be explained that the tronk, or jail, is the general receptacle, not only of convicted criminals, but of such Hottentots or slaves as are found, improperly or illegally wandering about the country […]

在此必须解释的是，tronk，即监狱，是一般的收容所，不仅收容被定罪的罪犯，而且收容那些被发现不正当或非法在国内游荡的霍屯督人或奴隶 […]

1824，William John Burchell，Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa [南部非洲内陆游记]:

The diary of another settler, who had been wrongfully imprisoned in the Tronk, and described the daily life there in no uncertain terms […]

另一位定居者，他曾被错误地关在监狱里，他在日记里非常清晰地描述了那里的日常生活 […]

1958，Isobel Rae，The strange story of Dr James Barry [詹姆斯·巴里博士的奇怪故事]:

It was built, as far as I can discover, because the rightly denounced the overcrowding of the old "tronk" on the waterfront.

据我所知，因为《Cape Argus》报正确地谴责了海滨旧监狱的过度拥挤问题，那里才建了起来。

1985，Lawrence George Green, Maureen Barnes，The best of Lawrence Green [劳伦斯·格林精选集]:


vires

The → United Kingdom, in particular, argued that the adoption of universally applicable rules for determining the law applicable to non-contractual obligations was not necessary for the proper functioning of the Internal Market and that some territorial restriction on the situations to which the Regulation’s rules would apply was appropriate. Although that position was apparently supported by a legal opinion given by the Council’s legal service (Opinion of the Council Legal Service on the proposal for a Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (“ROME II”) of 2 March 2004, 7015/04), the Commission, with the support of the vast majority of Member States, fiercely resisted limits of this kind. Its wish ultimately prevailed, and a challenge to the vires of the Regulation now appears a remote prospect given the broadening of EU competence in the area of justice by the Lisbon Treaty (see now art 81 TFEU).

2017，Andrew Dickinson，“Rome II Regulation (non-contractual obligations”, in Encyclopedia of Private International Law，卷 2, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN，頁 1563:


arbust

可能借自法語 arbuste。

One afternoon, she was in her garden cutting with a knife the sprouts of a shrub taller than a man; this arbust is known by the name of bellflower.

一天下午，她在花园里用刀割着一种比人还高的灌木的嫩芽；这种灌木的名字叫铃兰花。

that may also contain, timber, arbusts and other plants.

可能还包含木材、灌木和其他植物。

2014，Laure Ducos，Importance of the traditional land-use and land-tenure systems of Waraka:


au fait

more au fait (comparative)
most au fait (superlative)

Are you au fait with the rules of the game?

The Chevalier was, as usual, au fait at all the anecdotes of the court, which had been exceedingly gay, owing to the visit of Madame de Savoie and her daughter, the Princess Marguerite.

骑士像往常一样，对宫廷的所有轶事了如指掌，由于萨瓦夫人和她的女儿玛格丽特公主的来访，宫廷的气氛非常热烈。

1834，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Francesca Carrara，卷 2，頁 175:

Now there is father; he is au fait in all these matters; has a theory for every case of whooping-cough, – and a mission school.

现在有了父亲；他对所有这些事情都很熟悉；有一套适用于所有百日咳病例的理论，还有一所传教学校。

1871，Elizabeth Stuart Phelps，“The Silent Partner”, in Popular American Literature of the 19th Century, →ISBN，頁 857:

In that case, it would help to have a benevolent deity who is au fait with those complexities — but that there is such a deity is a feature of Stoic theology.

1999，R.J. Hankinson，The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy, →ISBN，頁 535:

This may sound needless to the professional who is au fait with the history and direction of the investigation.

对于熟悉调查历史和方向的专业人士来说，这可能听起来没有必要。

2003，D R J Laming，Understanding Human Motivation: What Makes People Tick?, →ISBN，頁 4:


pressure group

Passengers, pressure groups and local authorities have criticised the operator's plans for a permanent reduction in services.

乘客、利益团体和地方当局都批评了运营商永久减少服务的计划。

2021年September8日，Paul Clifton，“Opposition mounts to SWR's planned timetable reductions [反对西南铁路公司削减班次计划的呼声高涨]”, in RAIL，期 939，頁 27, photo caption:


fursona

sona (alternative)
fursonas (plural)
fursonae (plural)

Fursuiters dress the part of their furry persona or fursona.

穿著獸裝的人們扮演著他們的獸人角色或獸設。

2009年July28日，Zack Parsons，Your Next-Door Neighbor is a Dragon，New York: Rebel Base, →ISBN, →OL，頁 159:


fursuiter

/ˈfɜːˌsuːtə/

穿著獸裝的人們扮演著他們的獸人角色或獸設。

Trekkers versus trekkies versus people in Klingon costumes, or furries versus fursuiters versus, oh, plushies.

一類星際迷對另一類星際迷對穿著克林貢服飾的人，或者獸迷對穿獸裝的人對，呃，毛絨玩具。

2010年August31日，Gwendolyn Ann Smith，“We're All Someone's Freak”, in Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation，Berkeley: Seal Press, →ISBN, →OL，頁 28:


koken

借自日語 後見(こうけん) (kōken)。

穿黑衣、負責佈置舞臺的工作人員

McAllister uses the Japanese device of the koken for changing scenes, distributing props, and creating furniture.

1988年July8日，Diana Spinrad，“Tango; Chicago Young Playwrights Festival”, in Chicago Reader:


casser les couilles

字面意思是「打碎睪丸」。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-casser les couilles.wav

briser les couilles

打擾，煩擾，惹惱 [接 à ‘某人’]

打擾，煩擾，惹惱 [接 à ‘某人’]

Arrête de me casser les couilles !

Jean cassait les couilles à mon frère.

Ton son me casse les couilles comme le bruit d'la ture-voi quand je n'ai pas attaché ma ceinture.

你烦我的时候就像没系安全带时汽车的警报声。


dite

dites (third-person singular present)
diting (present participle)
dited (past participle)

His hideous club aloft he dites.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto VIII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:


nailbrush

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nailbrush.wav

Rupert Sheffield, scrubbing John's blood from his hands with a nailbrush and hospital soap, swore that this was the last time [...] that he would have to do this.

2016，Kerry Greenwood，Murder and Mendelssohn，Sydney: Allen and Unwin，頁 303:


wordlist

For example, the focus of most previous wordlists has been on general academic vocabulary or the discipline-specific vocabulary needed in tertiary education.

例如，以前大多數詞彙表的重點是一般學術詞彙或高等教育所需的特定學科詞彙。

2018，Clarence Green，James Lambert，“Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes，卷 35, →DOI，頁 105:


siskin

源自方言德語 Sisschen、Zeischen，中古高地德語 zisec的指小詞，可能源自原始斯拉夫語 *čižь（對比波蘭語 czyżyk）。

黃雀（Carduelis spinus spinus / Carduelis spinus / Spinus spinus）

I sat there on a bench in dappled shade, beside an aviary full of brightly feathered finches and siskins fluttering about.
我坐在斑驳树荫下的长椅上，旁边是一个鸟笼，里面全是羽毛鲜艳的雀鸟和飞来飞去的鶸鸟。

2001, Anthea Bell, translating WG Sebald, Austerlitz, Penguin 2011, p. 2:

Many of these classic methods are still used, with some modern improvements. For example, with the aid of special microphones and automated sound detection software, ornithologists recently reported […] that pine siskins (Spinus pinus) undergo an irregular, nomadic type of nocturnal migration.

其中许多经典的方法仍在使用，辅以现代改进。例如，借助于特殊的麦克风和自动声音检测软件，鸟类学家最近报告说 […] 黄雀（Spinus pinus）进行了一种不规则的、游牧式的夜间迁移。

2013年January18日，Paul Bartell, Ashli Moore，“Avian Migration: The Ultimate Red-Eye Flight”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1，頁s 47–48:


habitué

借自法語 habitué，habituer (“使習慣於”)的過去分詞，源自晚期拉丁語 habituare (“習慣於”)，源自habitus。

/həˈbɪt͡ʃuˌeɪ/

A month ago the new smoking ban turned thousands of bar-room habitués into reluctant exiles from their usual corner seat.

一个月前新实施的禁烟令，使得数以千计的酒吧常客不情愿地离开他们常去的角落座位。

Indeed, many guests even became habitués in order to blaze a trail with reckless abandon seven days a week.

2011年September28日，Greg Simmons，“The most rock'n'roll hotel in the world? Los Angeles' Chateau Marmont”, in The Guardian:


Godzilla

源自日語 ゴジラ (Gojira)，由ゴリラ (gorira，“大猩猩”)和鯨 (kujira)构成的混成词，为同名电影而造。

What other television show would feature a gorgeously designed sequence where a horrifically mutated Pierre and Marie Curie, their bodies swollen to Godzilla-like proportions from prolonged exposure to the radiation that would eventually kill them, destroy an Asian city with their bare hands like vengeance-crazed monster-Gods?

2012年May20日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:


Godzilla

a Godzilla of a tower building

Aren't we supposed to be a big, terrifying country, a Godzilla of capitalism wrecking the globe?

2009，P. J. O'Rourke，Peace Kills，Atlantic Books, →ISBN:


incertain

more incertain (comparative)
most incertain (superlative)

And again, that as these acquisitions are in themselves generally worthless, so are the means to attain them not only base and infamous, but at best incertain, and always full of danger.

而且，由于这些收益本身通常是没有价值的，所以达到这些收益的手段不仅卑鄙、不光彩，充其量只能说是不确定的，而且总是充满着危险。

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:


hardiment

But full of fire and greedy hardiment, / The youthfull knight could not for ought be staide […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto I”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dirigisme

借自法語 dirigisme，源自diriger (“帶領，引導；領導，指導”)，源自拉丁語 dirigere，dīrigō (“帶領，引導，指導”)的現在主動不定式。

/ˈdɪɹɪʒɪz(ə)m/

統制經濟（國家對經濟等方面進行強有力的控制） （自20世紀）

These agents, for the same distributional and paternalistic reasons that motivated many of the socialist experiments in economic dirigisme, may seek to use political authority to modify, at least in part, the results of the market system.

1991, James M. Buchanan, The Minimal Politics of Market Order, pp. 222, Cato Journal 11:2:

In the name of development, the reformed states adopted the dirigisme of colonial administration – forced labour re-emerged in them as well.

在发展的名义下，改革后的国家采用了殖民管理的统制经济思想——强迫劳动也在这些国家重新出现。

2011，Robert C. Allen，Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction [全球经济史：非常简短的介绍]，頁 113:


dirigiste

借自法語 dirigiste，源自diriger (“帶領，引導；領導，指導”)，源自拉丁語 dirigere，dīrigō (“帶領，引導，指導”)的現在主動不定式。

more dirigiste (comparative)
most dirigiste (superlative)

（經濟等方面）受中央統制管理的

The repeated crises in dirigiste systems are in essence crises of information since the abolition of the market leaves the central planner bereft of that economic knowledge which is required for harmony.

統制經濟體制中反覆出現的危機實質上是信息的危機，因為市場的廢除使中央計劃者失去了和諧所需的經濟知識。

1982，Norman Barry，“The Tradition of Spontaneous Order [自發性秩序的傳統]”, in Literature of Liberty，卷 5, 期 2，頁 10:

Certainly, popular demands and the force of circumstances have already pushed the Biden administration towards a dirigiste programme of government-led recovery that has no real precedent since the 1960s.

2022，Jeremy Gilbert，Alex Williams，“Strange Times”, in Hegemony Now，London: Verso, →ISBN, part III:


dirigiste

Warren wants to centralize economic decisions, creating a Department of Economic Development — a top-down council of government dirigistes.

沃伦希望将经济决策集中化，建立经济发展部——一个自上而下、由支持政府统制经济的专家主管的委员会。

2019年July1日，David Brooks，“Moderates Have the Better Story [温和派有更好的说法]”, in The New York Times:


landrush

土地抢购潮 （美国历史上的事件，一些曾受限的土地开放供人购买建房子，人们可以按先到先得前去注册）

It never knew a boom and was relatively untouched by the great landrush of the 1850's.

The landrush to all intents and purposes made the cowboy defunct.

（对有限资源的）争抢，哄抢

In the event that an applicant obtains the domain name in question through the Landrush process described below, the service will be activated...

2001，United States Congress，ICANN, New GTLDS, and the Protection of Intellectual Property:


ailing

When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose. And the queerer the cure for those ailings the bigger the attraction. A place like the Right Livers' Rest was bound to draw freaks, same as molasses draws flies.

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 5, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:


ailing

more ailing (comparative)
most ailing (superlative)

体弱多病的，身体差的，不健康的

She cared for her ailing brother day in, day out.

她夜以继日地照顾她那体弱多病的弟弟。

Based on the successful Class 59 but with a much more modern engine, what was to become the Class 66 was designed to replace much of the company's elderly and ailing locomotive fleet.

2021年February24日，“Fleet News: Class 66 history”, in RAIL，期 925，頁 27:


semblant

But vnder simple shew and semblant plaine / Lurckt false Duessa secretly vnseene […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto I”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


pleurant

源自法語 pleurant (“哭泣的”)。

墓碑上作裝飾用的哭泣人像

Thought to be the work of the master sculptor Jean de Brecquessent, she is one of only a few of the 14 pleurants to have survived the tomb’s destruction during the French Revolution.

這個哭泣像據信出自雕塑大師讓·德·布雷克西的手筆，法國大革命時期逃過毀壞、倖存至今的僅存14個，它是其中之一。

2007年October19日，Karen Rosenberg，“Sacred Works in Secular Places”, in New York Times:


motorise

motorises (third-person singular present)
motorising (present participle)
motorised (past participle)

To keep the axle load within a 28-ton maximum, two eight-wheel bogies are employed, all axles of which are motorised.

为了将轴负荷控制在28吨以内，采用了两个八轮转向架，所有轴都是机动的。

1963 August，“New 5,000 H.P.-Plus Diesels for U.S. Railroads”, in Modern Railways，頁 127:


dark-skinned

more dark-skinned (comparative)
most dark-skinned (superlative)

"They are only fit for muck, they are; and they smell bad enough for it already." Job, it will be perceived, was no admirer of the manners and customs of our dark-skinned brothers.

“他们只适合做泥巴；而且他们的气味已经够臭了。”可以看出，约伯并不喜欢我们黑皮肤兄弟的礼仪和习俗。

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:


ghostwriter

Ghostwriters, typically the faceless forces behind many books by famous non-writers, are now becoming more visible, with celebrities openly teaming up with high-profile professionals.

本身不是作家的名人，他们出版的许多书籍背后，都有一股不露面的力量帮忙添光加彩——代笔作家。随着现在名人公开与高知名度的专业人士合作，代笔作家正逐渐揭开他们的神秘面纱。

2021年April13日，Cady Lang，“How Celebrity Memoirs Got So Good [名人回忆录是怎样变得如此精彩的]”, in Time:

Smith was listed as the author of his autobiography, but a ghostwriter did most of the work.

史密斯被列为自传的作者，但大部分工作都是由他人代笔的。


MC

Three MC's and one DJ / We be getting down with no delay

1999，“Three MC’s and One DJ”, in Hello Nasty，演出者 Beastie Boys:


iceberg lettuce

I wonder how many of the readers of AMERICAN GARDENING have tried the Iceberg lettuce.

我好奇《美國園藝》的讀者裡面有多少人試過種結球萵苣。


terefah

treyf的另一種拼寫法

Of course, one might say that since we are all mortal, life itself is a terminal illness! That would put us all in the category of terefah.

2003，Elliot N. Dorff，Love Your Neighbor and Yourself: A Jewish Approach to Modern Personal Ethics, →ISBN，頁 242:


traife

treyf的另一種拼寫法

Before that, students and professors could date whomever we wanted; the next day we were off-limits to one another—verboten, traife, dangerous (and perhaps, therefore, all the more alluring).

2015年February27日，Laura Kipnis，“Sexual Paranoia Strikes Academe”, in The Chronicle of Higher Education:


traif

treyf的另一種拼寫法

Recently my wife caught me using the pot for my traif soup.

最近，我的妻子發現我用鍋煮不符合猶太飲食法的湯。

2007年March18日，Randy Cohen，“Tuition Trick”, in New York Times:


trayf

treyf的另一種拼寫法

To the preparation, then: vegetables softened in butter, lots of Guinness, thick chunks of second-cut brisket — breast deckle, as it’s called in some of New York’s better precincts (where trotter gear, by the by, is known as trayf city).

2009年February22日，Sam Sifton，“Put a Lid on It”, in New York Times:


slaw

（1861年左右） 借自荷蘭語 sla，salade (“色拉；萵苣”)的縮略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-slaw.wav

Barbecue is always served with slaw in North Carolina and always has been.

在北卡州，燒烤一直都會配上涼拌捲心菜。

1996，Jerry Bledsoe,，Slaw Crazy, Close to Home: Revelations and Reminiscences by North Carolina Authors，頁 66:

Slaws go well with grilled lean protein items and sandwiches.

涼拌捲心菜跟烤瘦肉和三明治很配。

2010，Judy Doherty，Salad Secrets: 100 of the Most Creative, Healthful Recipes [沙拉的秘密：100道最有創意的健康食譜]，頁 103:


macédoine

This one is a mixture of textures and tastes and all kinds of vegetables—that's why it is called a macédoine. It's an odd route from Alexander the Great to your table, but Alexander, a Macedonian, had an empire consisting of many disparate states.

这道菜混合了各种口感和味道，还有不同的蔬菜品种——这就是为什么它被称为“什锦蔬菜”（macédoine）。这就像是亚历山大大帝走了一条奇怪的路线，一直走到你的餐桌上。亚历山大是马其顿人，他的帝国由许多迥异的国家组成。

2003，Sheila Lukins，Celebrate!，Workman Publishing, →ISBN，頁 311:

We chilled it in a wonderful old French copper mold that we borrowed, naturally，源自Lucullus, and surrounded it with a macédoine of fruit.

我们把它放在一个奇妙的法国老铜制模具里冷藏，这个铜模自然是从卢库鲁斯那里借来的，并在它周围放上什锦水果。

2009，Julia Reed，Ham Biscuits, Hostess Gowns, and Other Southern Specialties: An Entertaining Life (with Recipes)，St. Martin's Press, →ISBN:

Actually, this ethnic situation—a “macédoine” of peoples—was complicated even more from the 1860s on when some of the Slavs in Macedonia who had always called themselves Bulgarians (and were considered so by most foreign experts) began developing a Macedonian national consciousness.

实际上，从19世纪60年代开始，这种各民族“大杂烩”的状况变得更加复杂，当时一些一直自称是保加利亚人（而且也被大多数外国专家认为是保加利亚人）的马其顿斯拉夫人，开始形成马其顿的民族意识。

2014，Raymond Detrez，Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria，Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN，頁 305:


macedoine

源自法語 Macédoine (“馬其頓”)。Macedonia 的同源對似詞。

It was as if a shell had burst in my immediate neighbourhood... A gaping chasm opened in the hillside. The air became full of a sort of macedoine of grass, dirt, flowers and beetles.

仿佛一发炮弹在我附近炸开了……。山坡上出现了一条裂缝。空气中充满了一种混合着草、泥土、花和甲虫的味道。

1937，P. G. Wodehouse，Lord Emsworth and Others，Woodstock, 出版於 2002, Overlook，頁s 112-113:


sapeur

Since the 1920s, the sapeurs of the Congo have been making sartorial statements on the streets of Brazzaville and Kinshasa.

2020年July27日，Trey Kay，“Congolese dandies: Meet the stylish men and women of Brazzaville”, in The Guardian，London: The Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2020-10-01:


terrasse

terrasses (third-person singular present)
terrassing (present participle)
terrassed (past participle)

However, to bring the heads of the league the sooner to a capitulation, it was resolved upon in his council, to attack all the suburbs at once, which he executed on the night of the twenty seventh of July , with great success , having carried them in less than an hour , and bloated up all the doors , before which his men erected their lodgings , after terrassing the houses that were next the ditch.

1785，Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont，The Life of Henry the Fourth of France，頁 144:

Gottwald lists three elements which may have made it possible for an Israelite tribal society to emerge in the Palestinian mountainous areas around 1200: the introduction of iron tools; the new technique of lining cisterns; and the new method of cultivation, which entailed terrassing the mountain slopes in order to control the use of the available rainfall.


Chinese Pidgin English

Chinese pidgin English (alternative)
CPE (alternative)

Of the Chinese material (3.1% of total senses), there are 27 Chinese Pidgin English terms, including chin-chin, a salutation; chop, a stamp or seal; chop-chop, a command for greater speed; and joss, an idol or god.

2018，James Lambert，“Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography，卷 31, 期 4, →DOI，頁 500:


源自ᵒ/c，源自Nᵒ/c，意大利語 numero per cento (“每一百個當中的數量”) 的簡寫。

For more than 90% of the figures (mostly drawn during 1976-1990), either a scale, or the given magnification, will allow the user to derive accurate measurements, even when these are lacking in the diagnosis.

對於超過90%的圖形（大部分是在1976－1990年間繪製的），無論是比例尺還是給定的放大倍數，都可以讓用戶得出準確的測量值，即使在診斷中缺乏這些測量值也是如此。

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 x:

Decomposition of 4 in the presence of cis-piperylene at room temperature results in the stereocontrolled formation of trans-cycloheptadiene 27 in 90% ee (96% ee at -78 °C).

Aldrichimica Acta Volume 30 No 4 (pdf) from Sigma-Aldrich


Poindexter

借自澤西諾曼語 Poingdestre (字面意思是“右拳”)。詞義「書呆子或不善於社交的人」源自卡通《菲力貓》中的同名角色。

Brain: A quantum-interface bomb? Are you insane in the membrane? / Philip Fry: You got it, Poindexter!

2003年April6日，David X. Cohen，“The Why of Fry”, in Futurama，季数 5, 集数 8, Fox Broadcasting Company:


thirdborn

After correcting for factors that may affect scores, including parents’ education level, maternal age at birth and family size, the researchers found that eldest children scored an average of 103.2, about 3 percent higher than second children (100.3) and 4 percent higher than thirdborns (99.0).

在對父母的教育水平、母親的出生年齡和家庭規模等可能影響分數的因素進行校正後，研究人員發現，最大的孩子平均得分為103.2，比第二個孩子（100.3）高出約3%，比第三個孩子（99.0）高出 4%。

2007年June22日，Benedict Carey，“Research Finds Firstborns Gain the Higher I.Q.”, in New York Times:


decommunize

decommunizes (third-person singular present)
decommunizing (present participle)
decommunized (past participle)

非共化，去除共產主義的特徵

The new vision of NATO, as outlined by Baker in his speech at Berlin on December 12, 1989, of reaching out for relationships with the decommunizing states of Eastern Europe, was to be met with resistance by the French president.

贝克于1989年12月12日在柏林的演讲中概述了北约的新愿景，即与东欧的非共化国家建立关系，但却遭到了法国总统的抵制。

2001，Charles Cogan，The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defense, 1989-2000 [第三种选择：欧洲防务的解放]，頁 27:


alacrity

1500年至1510年间源自拉丁語 alacritās，源自alacer (“敏捷的”) + -itas (名词化后缀)。

Besides, a wealthy man, well at ease, may pray to God quietly and merrily with alacrity and great quietness of mind, whereas he who lieth groaning in his grief cannot endure to pray nor can he hardly think upon anything but his pain.

1553 (posth.), Thomas More, A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation, Book I, Chapter 19:

"I'll get into the clothes this minute, if they're here," said Sam, with great alacrity.

1837，Charles Dickens，章號 12, in The Pickwick Papers:

You have an overgrown alacrity

1920, Edward Arlington Robinson, The Three Taverns, "Tasker Norcross":

This evening, however, he was struck by the beaming alacrity of the aide-de-camp's greeting.

1922，Edith Wharton，章號 24, in The Glimpses of the Moon:

Yet this government never of itself furthered any enterprise, but by the alacrity with which it got out of its way.

1849, Henry David Thoreau, "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience":

Not just that, but if the inlet of a turbopump impeller runs dry, it would overspeed with blinding alacrity.


gold medal

Great Britain has collected its first gold medal of the London Games after Heather Stanning and Helen Glover won the coxless pairs with a stunning performance that will spark a mass outpouring of celebration and relief across the country.

希瑟·斯坦宁和海伦·格洛弗以惊人的表现赢得无舵手双人赛，为英国获得伦敦奥运会的第一枚金牌，这将在全国范围内引发大规模的庆祝和宽慰。

2012年August1日，Owen Gibson，“London 2012: rowers Glover and Stanning win Team GB's first gold medal [倫敦2012：赛艇运动员格洛弗和斯坦宁为英国队赢得第一枚金牌]”, in The Guardian Unlimited:


googology

According to googology, Prince Charles is the anti-christ. Look it up.

谷歌搜索結果說查爾斯王儲是反基督。你查下看看。

2001年August23日，Edvins Augusts，“Pete Phoenix, are you English?”, in alt.astrology (Usenet):

Scroll down to 'googology 101' and 'googology 201', searching and advanced searching.

2003年May21日，Chakolate，“Dr. Phil and Menopause”, in alt.support.menopause (Usenet):

and now for some comparative googology […]

2006年May29日，kurt wismer，“Re: Rootkit?”, in alt.comp.virus (Usenet):


toilsome

more toilsome (comparative)
most toilsome (superlative)

‘And you, Sir knight,’ / (Said she) ‘that taken have this toylesome paine / For wretched woman […]!’

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V, Canto X”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The whole of the interior of South Africa is, of course, one vast plateau at a considerable elevation, and all the main lines coming up from the coast have some toilsome climbing.

1940 July，“Notes and News: Timetables in South Africa”, in Railway Magazine，頁 422:


galvanise

galvanises (third-person singular present)
galvanising (present participle)
galvanised (past participle)

"We have completely rejuvenated the project. Everyone is galvanised. We will get it open - and open means open. [...]."

2020年December2日，Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton，“I enjoy really big challenges...”, in Rail，頁 53:


kak

借自南非語 kak (“屎”)，源自荷蘭語 kak (“屎”)。

‘You a cop? You with the guy inside?’ the shoppie says, bending his knees to talk to me confidentially. ‘Cos it was legitimate, okay? Bitch started pulling down the merchandise, falling around. Dronkie. She's been in here before, causing kak. Stealing shit. And how long is your friend gonna be in there anyway?’

2008，Lauren Beukes，Moxyland，Jacana Media, →ISBN，頁s 102–103:


dreck

源自意第緒語 דרעק (drek，“屎”)，源自中古高地德語 drek，源自古高地德語 *threc（mūsthrec），源自原始西日耳曼語 *þraki，源自 原始日耳曼語 *þrakjaz，源自原始印歐語 *(s)terǵ-、*(s)terḱ-、*(s)treḱ- (“糞便；弄髒，玷污，腐爛”)。对比辛布里語 drèkh (“糞便，糞肥”)、荷蘭語 drek (“糞便；污穢；泥”)、德語 Dreck (“污穢”)、拉丁語 stercus (“糞便”)。

crap

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

junk

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

trash

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

Unfortunately, the conversation soon turned into a late-night freshman-year dorm-room debate, as he stumbled into a controversy of his own making by using Holocaust deniers and their appalling falsehoods as an example of how much dreck should be allowed on the platform.

不幸的是，谈话很快就变成了深夜的新生宿舍辩论，因为他以否认大屠杀的人和他们骇人听闻的假话为例，说明平台上应该允许多少垃圾内容，从而跌入到了他自己制造出的争议。

2018年August2日，Kara Swisher，“The Expensive Education of Mark Zuckerberg and Silicon Valley [馬克·扎克伯格和硅谷的昂貴教育]”, in New York Times:


Creator

Who changed the trueth of God into a lye, and worshipped and serued the creature more then the Creatour, who is blessed for euer. Amen.

他們將神的真實變為虛謊，去敬拜事奉受造之物，不敬奉那造物的主。主乃是可稱頌的，直到永遠。阿們。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 1:25:


ferm

Out of her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine..

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book III, Canto V”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


doos

借自南非語 doos，源自荷蘭語 doos。dose 的同源對似詞。


Dai

源自官話 代 (Dài)的漢語拼音。

代縣，中國山西省忻州市下轄縣名

A northern section of the Great Wall of China collapsed after a period of heavy rain last month, with many blaming poor-quality renovations for the deterioration of the iconic landmark.
The damaged section of the historical wall is located near Yanmen Pass, in Dai County, in the Shanxi province.

在上个月的一场大雨后，中国长城北边的一段倒塌，许多人将这一标志性地标的恶化归咎于劣质的修复工程。
受损的历史城墙部分位于山西省代县的雁门关附近。

2018年August2日，Christina Zhao，“Great Wall of China Collapse: Poor Renovation Works And Heavy Rainfall Blamed [中国长城倒塌：罪在修复工程不力和暴雨]”, in Newsweek，存檔自the original on 2018-08-02:


sloot

Gorton, Ixopo, continues to suffer from prolonged drought. The Ixopo has not been so low for the last fifty years. Some sluits around here have ceased running.

伊索波的戈尔登继续遭受长期干旱的影响。伊索波的水位是近五十年以来最低，附近的一些灌溉渠已经停止运行。

1901年April26日，“The March Rains [三月的降雨]”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record，卷 4, 期 4，頁 101:


in flagrante delicto

借自中世紀拉丁語 in flagrante delicto (字面意思是“当犯罪正在燃烧时”)，源自in + flāgrō (“燃烧”) + dēlictō，dēlictum (“犯罪，不当行为”)的变格形式。

亦作缩略形式in flagrante，其尤用于与性交有关时，如“to be caught in flagrante”.

当场，以现行犯 （在某人犯罪时当场）

He would be caught in flagrante delicto, and, with a heavy sentence hovering over him, he would probably be induced to name his accomplice.

1908，Baroness Orczy，章號 V, in The Old Man in the Corner:

当场 （在某人正在性交时当场）

We've already established that you were one of Miss Scarlet's clients. That's why you were so desperate to get your hands on those negatives. Photographs of you and Yvette in flagrante delicto, remember?

1985，Jonathan Lynn，Clue，spoken by Colonel Mustard (Martin Mull):

I would add to that the fact that, if we are happy to be caught in flagrante delicto in a picturesque setting, there would be something almost humiliating about being caught somewhere as ugly as that.

2002，Adriana Hunter，The Sexual Life of Catherine M.，根據Catherine MilletLa Vie Sexuelle de Catherine M.改編的翻譯作品，頁 146:

When his housemates, two men and a woman, found them in flagrante delicto, one reported, “She said she didn’t want us to think of her as ‘that girl.’ ”

2015年February8日，Naomi Schaefer Riley，“Columbia mattress rape case is not justice — it’s shaming without proof”, in New York Post:


atom bomb

Everywhere the atom bombs are dropping / It's the end of all humanity / No more time for last-minute shopping / It's time to face your final destiny

到处都是原子弹在投掷 / 所有人类的末日到了 / 再也没有时间抓紧进行购物了 / 是时候面对你最后的命运了。

1986，"Weird Al" Yankovic （作曲作詞）, “Christmas at Ground Zero”, in Polka Party!:


bril

布里爾，心理物理學上的明度單位，相當於 tfrac 1 10⁷π坎德拉每平方米

In the experiments, the brightness in brils was measured as a function of luminance for various adaptation levels of the eye.

1993，Course notes - Volume 22，Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics, →OCLC，頁s 7-7:

Here, Q is brightness (or perceived luminance), measured in brils.

2005，Erik Reinhard, Greg Ward, Sumanta Pattanaik，High Dynamic Range Imaging, →ISBN:

Tumblin's model aims to match a perceived quality known as brightness, measured in brils, so that the real world brightness and display brightness can be equated.

2012，Julie Dorsey, Philipp Slusallek，Rendering Techniques ’97, →ISBN:

many of the old units-such as the nox, phot, glim, skot, and scot (identical), as well as the bril and brill (different)—are so antiquated as to be of interest only to the historian.

2014，William Ross McCluney，Introduction to Radiometry and Photometry, Second Edition，頁 360:


evasion

源自中古法語 évasion，源自晚期拉丁語 evasionem（evasio 的賓格）。

In these hunting scenes, as many critics have noted, the reversals, negotiations, lurkings, and evasions between hunter and prey mirror and frame the bedroom strategies of the Lady and Gawain.

2011，Christine Chism，Alliterative Revivals，頁 99:

He complained to LNER but was told: "We have had an increase in fare evasion on certain services which has led to our locking toilet facilities where (people) usually hide to avoid payment. Although Aberdeen is a gated station, customers often purchase the cheapest ticket available and board our services."

2020年January2日，Barry Doe，“ScotRail suspending seat reservations is hardly a "recipe for disaster"”, in Rail，頁 62:


sitting room

“[…] Captain Markam had been found lying half-insensible, gagged and bound, on the floor of the sitting-room, his hands and feet tightly pinioned, and a woollen comforter wound closely round his mouth and neck ; whilst Mrs. Markham's jewel-case, containing valuable jewellery and the secret plans of Port Arthur, had disappeared. […]”

“[…] 人们发现马卡姆船长不省人事地躺在客厅的地板上，他的手和脚被紧紧夹住，嘴和脖子上紧紧缠绕着一条毛毯；而马卡姆夫人的珠宝盒，里面装着珍贵的珠宝和亚瑟港的秘密计划，也不见了。[…]”

1905，Baroness Emmuska Orczy，章號 1, in The Fate of the Artemis:


deel

借自蒙古語 дээл (deel)/ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ (debel)。

As I stood just below that statue, close to seven hundred Mongolians organized themselves for a picture. Most were dressed in traditional formal wear--beautifully colored deal.

当我站在那座雕像下面时，近七百名蒙古人组织起来拍照。大多数人都穿着传统的正装——颜色漂亮的德勒。

2019，Lawrence Lessig，They Don't Represent Us: Reclaiming Our Democracy [他们并不代表我们：重建我们的民主]:


like hell

You'd better run like hell!

He had an innate honesty and humility, a work ethic that elevated him above most others in England. He knew what he wanted and worked like hell to try to make it happen.

2018年May4日，Tom English，“Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, in BBC Sport:


in keeping with

Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 3, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


bank statement

Turian Merchant: This isn't a proof of purchase.
Human Customer: It's a bank statement. It shows that I bought something from you and when I bought it.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (video game) (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →ISBN, →OCLC，幕：Citadel:


hard hat

My enthusiasm wasn't exactly suppressed - my father had worked for British Rail's property department, and one of my earliest memories was walking around the forlorn buildings at Old Oak Common depot wearing his oversized BR hard hat.

我的热情并没有被完全压制——我的父亲曾在英国铁路公司的物业部门工作过，我最早的记忆之一就是戴着他那顶印着“BR”的超大安全帽，在老橡公地车厂的荒凉建筑物里走来走去。

2020年May6日，Tim Dunn，“The Architecture The Railways Built”, in Rail，頁 72:


digne

源自中古英語 digne，源自古法語 digne，源自拉丁語 dignus。

more digne (comparative)
most digne (superlative)

值得的，應得的；榮耀的；合宜的

Deeds they shall do so digne memorious glory, / song shall not suit nor Hist'ory hold the story.

1880，Richard Francis Burton，Os Lusíadas，卷 II，頁 387:


explementary

Two angles whose sum is a circle (360°) are explementary angles, and either is the explement of the other.

兩個角度總和為周角（360°）的角是一對共軛角，互為對方的輔角。

2002，Nathaniel Bowditch，American Practical Navigator，頁 317:


recense

recenses (third-person singular present)
recensing (present participle)
recensed (past participle)

Pope Sixtus and Clemens at a vast expense had an assembly of learned divines, to recense and adjust the Latin Vulgate

教皇西斯笃和克莱孟花费巨资召集神学大家开会，对拉丁文武加大译本进行修改和调整。

1716，Richard Bentley，章號 189, in The Correspondence of Richard Bentley, D.D.，頁 506:


ponent

借自意大利語 ponente (“西方”)，最终源自拉丁語 ponent-、ponens，ponere (“放，置”) 的現在分詞。

Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds, Eurus and Zephyr

1667，John Milton，“Book 10”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

There was an ambiguity surpassing conjecture in her eyes, and the wind rose up around us in that half barbaric Russian garden with its alien Diana blackened by snows and fierce ponent winds


suant

源自中古英語 suant，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 suant，源自古法語 suiant、sivant，sivre (“跟隨”) 的現在分詞，源自拉丁語 sequor。

more suant (comparative)
most suant (superlative)

Peter and his wife did not get on very "suant" together.

彼得和他老婆的生活過得不是很“順利”。

1899，Sabine Baring-Gould，Book of the West，頁 252:


kick in

kicks in (third-person singular present)
kicking in (present participle)
kicked in (past participle)

People expect women [when they give birth] to have this instinct that kicks in.

2013，Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke，Before Midnight (motion picture), Julie Delpy (actor):

Once the wet kicks in up north, you can be stranded for months waiting for swollen rivers to subside to a crossable depth.]

2005，Sean Dooley，The Big Twitch，Sydney: Allen and Unwin，頁 289:

You have to push the switch hard to get the heater to kick in.

你要用力推开关，才能把暖气打开。

I took my medication an hour ago, and it hasn't kicked in yet.

我一小时前服的药，现在还没见效。


old hat

不详。《牛津英语词典》认为与德語 alter Hut (名词，字面意思是“旧帽子”)有关。

more old hat (comparative)
most old hat (superlative)

banal

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

commonplace

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

cliché

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

démodé

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

passé

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

unchic

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

Coward is such an old hand at this kind of thing that he makes it seem old hat.

1946年November11日，“New Plays in Manhattan”, in Time:

In fact, monorails are rather old hat.

1964 July，“The mythology of monorails”, in Modern Railways，頁 1:

It is old hat for a sex scandal to bring down a politician.

1987年May8日，Elaine Sciolino，“Washington Talk: The Hart Story Grips the Capital”, in New York Times:

Based on the size of the crowd, perhaps the queen is old hat.

2007年May4日，Fredrick Kunkle, Paul Duggan，“Straining for a Glimpse of Royalty”, in Washington Post:

The only real knock against “Mortshall” is that “Rick and Morty get sick of each other and split up for a while” feels kind of old hat at this point—the comic premise of the show requires their relationship to be toxic (because a lot of the humor comes from seeing Rick be a shit and seeing Morty try haplessly to deal with Rick being a shit), and they can only try and sell the illusion that anything is going to change so many times before it starts to get stale.

2021年September6日，Zack Handlen，“Rick And Morty ends its fifth season looking for an escape hatch”, in AV Club:


old hat

Upon which she very pertly reply'd, She had done that not with a Design to affront but to convince me of the Value she had for my Present; for that if the Pedantick Blockhead should come, he should only have a little bit of Old-Hat to stay his Stomach, till he got to some Harlot of his own Puritanical Flock […]

1723，Charles Walker，Memoirs of Sally Salisbury, letter XI:

'Tis a Nest, a Niche, an Old Hat, an Omnibus, an Oyster, a Palace o' Pleasure.


outré

源自法語 outré，源自 outrer (“誇大；激怒”)；參見 outre (“在……之外”)。

more outré (comparative)
most outré (superlative)

I believe I have been very rude; but really Miss Fairfax has done her hair in so odd a way—so very odd a way—that I cannot keep my eyes from her. I never saw any thing so outrée!—Those curls!—This must be a fancy of her own. I see nobody else looking like her!

我觉得我已经很无礼了，但是说真的，费尔法克斯小姐的头发很奇怪，真的非常奇怪：我的眼神没法儿从她身上移开。我从来没有见过这么奇特的头发！——那一撮撮的卷发！——这一定是她自己精心做出来的。我从没见过像她这副样子的人！

He hated people who did not know where to stop. Ernest was always so outré and strange; there was never any knowing what he would do next, except that it would be something unusual and silly.
他讨厌那些不知所措的人。欧内斯特总是显得那么离谱和奇怪；你永远不知道他下一步会做什么，只知道会是一些不寻常的蠢事。

1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 50:


goss

gossip 的截斷形式。

The hottest goss in celeb-land today is that Angelina Jolie is jealous of her fella's relationship with his ex-wife.

To give myself a break from the energy sapping, demoralising patrolling of this uninviting habitat, and to get away from any more creepy visions, I decided to drive into Mount Isa, ostensibly to be within phone range so I could contact Bob Forsyth and find out any local goss from him.

2005，Sean Dooley，The Big Twitch，Sydney: Allen and Unwin，頁 285:


futter

由理查德·弗朗西斯·伯顿根據法語 foutre所造，源自拉丁語 futuo, futuere。

futters (third-person singular present)
futtering (present participle)
futtered (past participle)

Sir John Fastolf called out cheerfully over Miranda’s shoulder to his departing guests, remarking on the sweetness of the night air now that the storm of yesterday night had cleared it, and the day’s rain momentarily had ceased. And all the while he futtered Miranda’s anal canal from behind, and frigged her clitoris.

When Doge is not feeding or futtering, depend on it, he is hunting.

1969，Avram Davidson，The Phoenix and the Mirror:


soupçon

Add a soupçon of red pepper.

coffee with a soupçon of cognac

No one is so depraved that a soupçon of goodness cannot be found in them.

世上可没有恶到身上连一点点善都不存有的人。

Henrietta, her niece, looked much prettier than she really was; she had good dark eyes, to which a soupçon of rouge, put on with such skill that few suspected it, gave all possible brightness.

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁 21:


Great Firewall of China

Great Wall of China + firewall 組成的混成詞，於1997年經雜誌《連線》而普及。

Behind this hypothetical Great Firewall of China, most users would be allowed to exchange information with foreign sites if they were on the approved list

在這道假想的防火長城背後，大部分使用者能與白名單上的外國網站進行信息交換

1997，A. Michael Froomkin，“Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: The Role of Intermediaries [網絡空間的司法權：中間人的角色]”, in Borders in Cyberspace: Information Policy and the Global Information Infrastructure [網絡空間的邊界：信息政策和全球信息基礎設施], →OCLC，頁 146:

The "Great Firewall of China" is failing, largely due to the increased volume of Internet traffic in China.

防火長城正在逐漸失效，其中一個很大的原因在於中國網絡流量的持續增加。

2001，Greg Walton，China's Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People's Republic of China [金盾工程：中華人民共和國監控技術與公司的發展], →OCLC，頁 5:

The Great Firewall of China is a case of corporate collaboration in censorship.

防火長城是企業合作進行內容審查的案例之一。

2007，Dinah PoKempner，“A Shrinking Realm: Freedom of Expression Since 9/11 [縮小的領域：九一一事件後的言論自由]”, in Human Rights Watch World Report 2007 [2007年世界人權觀察報告], →ISBN，頁 76:

The targets suggest the attackers are sympathetic to the vast censorship apparatus known as the Great Firewall of China.

受攻擊的目標來源暗示，攻擊者對防火長城這一大型內容審查機構抱有同情。

2015年March31日，Dan Goodin，“Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government [GitHub 遭受大量阻斷服務攻擊，攻擊者與中國政府相關]”, in Ars Technica, retrieved 2015-04-01:


Great Wall of China

The Mongalls are a numerous people, and occupy a large extent of country, from this place to the Kallgan, which ſignines the everlaſting Wall, or the great wall of China.

蒙古人口眾多，佔領了從此地到張家口，代表著中國長城關外的大片土地。

1796，The Annual Register, or, a view of the History, Politicks, and Literature for the Year 1767 [對1767年歷史、政治、文學的年錄或淺觀]，第5th版, London: J. Dodsley，頁 38:

A northern section of the Great Wall of China collapsed after a period of heavy rain last month, with many blaming poor-quality renovations for the deterioration of the iconic landmark.

在上个月的一场大雨后，中国长城北边的一段倒塌，许多人将这一标志性地标的恶化归咎于劣质的修复工程。

2018年August2日，Christina Zhao，“Great Wall of China Collapse: Poor Renovation Works And Heavy Rainfall Blamed [中国长城倒塌：罪在修复工程不力和暴雨]”, in Newsweek，存檔自the original on 2018-08-02:

Sadowski-Synnott scored 92.88 on her final run, landing back-to-back 1080s on a challenging course resembling the Great Wall of China.
Asked how she felt about making history as the island nation's first Winter Games gold medallist, she said it made her a "proud Kiwi".

薩多夫斯基-辛諾特最後一跳做出頗具挑戰性的1080度轉體，在“雪長城”形狀的場地上平穩落地，得分92.88分。
在被問到作為給新西蘭這個島國首次奪得冬奧會金牌，達成這一歷史性時刻的運動員，感覺如何的時候，她回答說，這讓她覺得自己是一名“驕傲的新西蘭人”。

2022年February6日，Mari Saito，Winni Zhou，“Snowboarding-Proud Kiwi Sadowski-Synnott bags New Zealand's first Winter Games gold [單板滑雪名將，新西蘭運動員薩多夫斯基-辛諾特為該國奪得首枚冬奧會金牌]”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2022-05-30:


banana republic

由美國的作家歐·亨利在1901年造出，用於他的短篇小說 Money Maze 中，為虛構國家“安楚里亞”（Anchuria）的別名，該國是根據歐·亨利1896-1897年在洪都拉斯旅行時對該國的印象創作的。香蕉也是包括該國在內，許多中南美洲國家的重要出口農產品。

At that time we had a treaty with about every foreign country except Belgium, and that banana republic, Anchuria.

那時我們和除了比利時，以及“香蕉共和國”安楚里亞之外的其他所有國家都簽有協議。

1901年May18日，O. Henry，“Money Maze”, in Ainslee's Magazine，卷 vii, 期 4, New York，頁 305:

The banana workers of this former banana republic were exceptionally well organized and effective in their demands from the very beginning of the revolution.

2001, Cindy Forster, The Time of Freedom: Campesino Workers in Guatemala's October Revolution, University of Pittsburgh Press (ISBN 9780822973942), page 117:


the fuck

可能是仿the hell，其为in the hell的缩短形式，用于如“What in the hell, ...”等词中。

他妈的 （用于疑问代词后表示愤怒、沮丧、怀疑等强烈的情感。）

"Look at this!" she says, mock-appalled at the scene. "Seriously, what the fuck is this about?"
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

Poland is depressing and there's vampires in Romania. Spain is far too hot and where the fuck is Lithuania?

2016年June19日，“Brexit” (片头起00:14:33), in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，HBO, 經由 HBO:

他妈的 （用于构成动词短语的动词后，表达激进的强调情绪。）

Shut the fuck up.

“Get the fuck out of my house!” Sinclair bellowed, his face red, eyes bulging.

2004，Pun Plamondon，Lost from the Ottawa，頁 84:

Ponytail tells fat boy, Drive the fuck off, get us out of here. He keeps the window down, still death-staring, You mine, motherfucker, wait and see, at Mickie.

2007，Ron Liebman，Death by Rodrigo，New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN，頁 134:

（用于强调表达某事不是事实。）

‘You're not a self-respecting person.’


sacrilegious

對照sacrilege、拉丁語 sacrilegus。來自拉丁語 sacer + legō (“偷竊聖物”)。

more sacrilegious (comparative)
most sacrilegious (superlative)

At one end of the room was spread a square carpet, and on it stood a table, on which were placed two most sacrilegious-looking wax-tapers: it is to be feared some poor sinner stayed longer in purgatory from the abduction of his offering.

1831，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Romance and Reality，卷 3，頁 26:


parer

A: 'yea like I used to have all these little parers and little fancy girly parers but then I was like I'd probably get into trouble ... people would be like 'why do you have that'... so I went for a plain pencil parer'.

A：“是的，这些小的，还有漂亮花哨的转笔刀，都是我以前用过的，但后来我觉得我可能会遇到麻烦……别人会说“你怎么用这种东西”……所以我选择了一个普通的转笔刀。”

2013年December6日，Russell W. Belk，Linda Price，Lisa Penaloza，Consumer Culture Theory [消費者文化理論]，Emerald Group Publishing, →ISBN，頁 84:


parer

源自拉丁語 parēre。其動詞義項被同源對似詞 parèixer (“似乎”) 所取代；對比西班牙語 parecer (“似乎；觀點，意見”)。亦对比 弗留利語 parè、意大利語 parere、羅馬尼亞語 părere。

segons el meu parer

Encara que el Papa Pau III era del mateix parer, tot i això, l'emperador imposà el seu criteri.

虽然教皇保罗三世也持同样的观点，但皇帝还是将自己的意见强加于人。

2003，Ferran Grau Codina，La Universitat de València i l’humanisme: Studia humanitatis i renovació cultural a Europa i el nou món，Universidad de Valencia, →ISBN，頁 431:

La prova, segons el seu parer, és que l'alcaldessa no ha tancat encara el compte de Twitter.

在他看来，证据是市长还没有关闭推特账户。

2021年April14日，Cristian Segura，“Ada Colau i Twitter: el risc d’unes xarxes socials massa personals”, in El País:


hackathon

If these are opinions I'm sure that it happens to have something to do with the immense amounts of caffeine and sugar that I've ingested over the course of his 50hr hackathon.

1985年January20日，Andy Beals，“Re: net.men.only?”, in net.flame (Usenet), retrieved 2016-12-16, message-ID <3466@mit-eddie.UUCP>:

Just after the Hack-A-Thon. A little tired, but it's still early, just after 3 a.m. I log onto the Vax and find that two of the people from the Hack-A-Thon are already on. I VMSphone RJLEWIS, a hacker and the president of our computer club, to ask him why he left the 'thon early. He answers after quite a few rings - no surprise, he was probably doing some hacking. He answers, "This isn't Crash." Hmm...probably one of his roommates. Another person joins the conversation - RLCOLLINS, one of his roommates - saying "This is Crash." Ok, I'm confused. "Why?," I ask. RJLEWIS responds that this is a person named Debbie and it's her first time on the computer.

1990年November30日，P'relan，“A Callahan's Romance”, in alt.callahans (Usenet), retrieved 2016-12-16, message-ID <3009.27556011@miavx1.acs.muohio.edu>:

I bet you most programmers started out "hacking." You think you're alone in that, but I'm sure you can find hundreds of people in this newsgroup with "48-hour hack-a-thon" or similar kinds of stories. They may have been working with punched cards or with all-text displays, but hacking is hacking. That's why some of the dreaded professional programmers will see your fixation with obscure tricks as nothing more than a phase they've been through themselves.

1992年February29日，David M. Baggett，“Re: 'Demo crews'”, in comp.sys.atari.st (Usenet), retrieved 2016-12-16, message-ID <1992Feb29.043440.25994@wam.umd.edu>:

UNITED ARTISTS, THE ONION, AND THE VIRTUAL GAMING CENTER PERSENT: THE 24 HOUR HACKATHON! n promotion of the new moive "HACKERS" (the fast-paced cyberpunk thriller opens in theaters September 15th), we are giving away a some great prizes! Be the first person to "hack" into our special web site on the internet and win a BRAND NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM! Fifty runners-up will receive special HACKERS gift packs.

1995年September1日，James Dicke，“HACKERS: Win a new computer!”, in milw.general (Usenet), retrieved 2016-12-16, message-ID <4282s8$15l@earth.alpha.net>:


Billy

小稱及暱稱；參見Bill。

男性人名 William 的指小詞。

“By the way,” Jessamy went on, “what’s your other name? You never told me.” “Stubbs,” said Billy, “William Stubbs!”.

“順便問一句，”杰薩米繼續問道，“你姓什麼？你都沒告訴過我。”“斯塔布斯，”比利說道，“威廉·斯塔布斯！”

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，第1993版, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN，頁 98:


holy water

來自中古英語 holy water、haly water、hali water、holiwater、halywater，來自古英語 hāliġwæter (“聖水”)，等同於holy + water。

None comes to this holy feast but they whose sins are cleansed in baptism, who are sanctified in those holy waters of regeneration, who have obedient souls,

1660, Jeremy Taylor, The Worthy Communicant; or a Discourse of the Nature, Effects, and Blessings consequent to the worthy receiving of the Lords Supper

... with our signs of the cross and holy waters, our crucifixes and prayers to the saints, our scapulars and medals, our so humiliating auricular confession

1889，Charles Paschal Telesphore Chiniquy，Fifty Years in the Church of Rome，頁 307:

In a parallel way, when you came up from the font and its holy waters, you received chrismation and the mark with which Christ was chrismated.

1979, "The Catechesis of Cyril of Jerusalem", translated by Lucien Deiss, Matthew J. O'Connell, in Springtime of the Liturgy


retrait

源自中古法語 retrait。

圖畫、圖片或其他視覺表現形式

She is the mighty Queene of Faerie, / Whose faire retrait I in my shield do beare […]

仙后她強大有力量，/ 圖像畫在我盾牌上

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto IX”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


tsamba

源自藏語 རྩམ་པ (rtsam pa)。

同類詞：gofio

They bear to the contemplative Lamas their modest offerings of butter, tea and tsamba, and receive in exchange benedictions and prayers for good pasturage and prosperous flocks.

1928，Evariste Régis Huc，Joseph Gabet，Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China, 1844–1846，Psychology Press, 出版於 2005, →ISBN，頁 115:


thousandth

"Ah, Alan," murmured Dorian with a sigh, "I wish you had a thousandth part of the pity for me that I have for you."

“啊，阿兰，”多利安叹了口气，喃喃地说，“我希望你对我的同情，能够有我对你的千分之一。”

1890，Oscar Wilde，章號 XIV, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:


ménage

借自法語 ménage；對比借自法語較早形式的中古英語 menage。

戶；家庭狀況 （自17世紀）

"Oh," cried her ladyship, "I see the whole ménage; they will take a first floor over a baker's shop, to save fire, and live upon red herrings during the week, with a mutton chop by way of meat on a Sunday."

“哦，”夫人喊道，“我知道他们家是怎么过活的了：他们会在面包店楼上住下，以节省火力；一周内靠吃红鲱鱼过活，肉食则靠周日吃的羊排。”

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁 167:

It smelled of ether and something else, possibly laudanum. I had never tried the mixture but it seemed to go pretty well with the Geiger ménage.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, p. 39:


spring-clean

spring-cleans (third-person singular present)
spring-cleaning (present participle)
spring-cleaned (past participle)

The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning his little home.

整個早上，鼴鼠都很賣力地給自己的小窩做大掃除。

1908，Kenneth Grahame，The Wind in the Willows，New York: Charles Scribner's Sons，頁 1:


spring cleaning

（尤指冬末春初的）大掃除

The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning his little home. First with brooms, then with dusters; then on ladders and steps and chairs, with a brush and a pail of whitewash; till he had dust in his throat and eyes, and splashes of white-wash all over his black fur, and an aching back and weary arms.

整個早上，鼴鼠都在忙活著，給他的小窩做大掃除。他先是拿掃帚，接著用撣子；然後站上梯子、臺階和椅子，手裡拿著刷子和一桶石灰水；到最後，他的嘴裡眼裡都進了灰塵，黑色的毛髮上沾滿了白灰，腰酸背痛，手軟腳麻。

1908，Kenneth Grahame，The Wind in the Willows，London: Methuen，頁 1:


distingué

more distingué (comparative)
most distingué (superlative)

By the time the blue dress was tried on, Madame Cie had, with the aid of a few pins, plaits, and a bow of blue ribbon, transformed the half-lace shawl into one of the smartest and distingué things imaginable; but when the bill came in at Christmas, for that five minutes' labor and distingué touch, she charged one pound eight.

穿上這條藍裙子的時候，Cie 夫人只用幾根針、幾條辮子和一條藍絲帶，就把這半條蕾絲披肩，改成了一件你可以想象出的最精巧、最優雅的服裝之一；然而聖誕節賬單到來時卻發現，穿戴好這優雅的裙子不過五分鐘時間，她要收費一鎊八便士。

1873，Charles Reade，章號 IX, in A Simpleton: A Story of the Day […]，卷 I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC，頁 57:

And she likes you so much, and thinks you so accomplished and distingué-looking, and was just as set as I was to have you for best man.

她非常喜欢你，认为你又有修养，长相也很出众，她和我一样想请你做伴郎。

1892，Robert Louis Stevenson，Lloyd Osbourne，“In which Jim and I Take Different Ways”, in The Wrecker，London, Paris: Cassell & Company, […], →OCLC，頁 179:


distingue

more distingue (comparative)
most distingue (superlative)

/dɪsˈtæŋɡeɪ/

/dɪstæŋˈɡeɪ/

時髦的；優雅的；給人以優越感的

It was very noble, very distingue, to ruin one's self without knowing how!

在不知不觉中毁掉自己，这是很高尚、很有魅力的！

2001，Emile Gaboriau，Mystery of Oricval，頁 158:


edit war

As with dinner-table discussions, it is best to avoid editing articles about politics or religion unless one wishes to become entrenched in a perpetual edit war.

和飯桌上的討論一樣，編者最好避免編輯有關政治和宗教的條目，除非其想在永無休止的編輯戰中更加堅信自己的想法。

An unproductive edit war results as editors change the page back and forth between two incompatible versions, without troubling to engage in discussions.

當編輯者們反覆將頁面在兩個不相兼容的版本回退，而不參與討論的時候，無益的編輯戰就產生了。

2008，Phoebe Ayers，Charles Matthews，Ben Yates，How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It，No Starch Press, →ISBN，頁 388:


tenter

經由古法語，可能源自拉丁語 tentorium。

tenters (third-person singular present)
tentering (present participle)
tentered (past participle)

Woollen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely.

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


to hell with

（表示对某人或物的强烈不满）

To hell with you!

"I don't want an elephant's soul, or any soul at all!" he said. For a few moments he sat despondently. Suddenly he jumped to his feet, with his eyes blazing and all the signs of intense cerebral excitement. "To hell with you and your souls!" he shouted. "Why do you plague me about souls? Haven't I got enough to worry, and pain, to distract me already, without thinking of souls?"

1897，Bram Stoker，Dracula，New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

Yes, it would be dangerous to get too carried away but right here, right now, to hell with anyone who insists it is time for restraint.

2018年July3日，Daniel Taylor，“England knock Colombia out of World Cup in last-16 penalty shootout”, in The Guardian:


ollie

源自“Ollie”，佛罗里达滑板手Alan Gelfand的诨名。

ollies (third-person singular present)
ollying (present participle)
ollieing (present participle)
ollied (past participle)

He used the tilted side as a ramp, grabbed some air, fakied down, and ollied back onto level ground.

1992，Troy Bannon，Mean Street, →ISBN，頁 41:


fess up

fesses up (third-person singular present)
fessing up (present participle)
fessed up (past participle)

"‛Fess up," she persisted. "Have you boys been quarreling again?"

1918，Rex Ellingwood Beach，章號 26, in The Winds of Chance:

And you know, one of the things that I hope is that the American people will find when we make a mistake, we're willing to 'fess up to it and change.

2008年December18日，Barack Obama，President-elect press conference:

“I spent a lot of time trying to figure out what was happening in the financial industry, and I came to the conclusion that people weren’t fessing up,” he said.

2009年February26日，Roy Furchgott，“You’ve Sold Your Stocks. Now What?”, in New York Times:


tewel

來自中古英語 tuwel，來自古法語 tueil, tuel, tudel (“管”)（現代法語 tuyau也經由此），來自通俗拉丁語 *tūta，來自古法蘭克語 *thūta (“管”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *þeutǭ (“管，水道，流”)，來自*þeutaną (“嚎叫，吼，鳴”)，來自原始印歐語 *tu-, *tutu- (“鳥泣鳴，尖叫”)。對照來自同一日耳曼語族源頭的西班牙語和葡萄牙語 tudel。

tuel (alternative)
tewels (plural)
dewel (alternative)

通風口、煙囪、管道（特別是通向爐子或風箱的管道）

Lamasure, M. Le Petit, French patent of, for a double-case furnace tewel supplied with water, &c., xiv. (3d s.) 29

1846, The Repertory of Patent Inventions and Other Discoveries, page 128:

Also, there are no obvious differences in the proportion of tewel pieces with attached slag in the two furnace types.

1987，Ian Hodder，The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings, →ISBN，頁 5:

[…] the ore-smelting furnace is like a pregnant woman. […] For example, the furnace is described as the reproductive organs of a woman in one of the lessons in the Venda domba ritual while the tewel pipes are described as being symbolically male (Blacking 1969, p. 167).

2014, The Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns ISBN 1134679424, page 502:

It healeth also cuts, and swelling of the tewel, or fundament, […]

c. 1550，Albertus Magnus，The Book of Secrets:

Falconers use many queer but ancient terms of the condition and ailment of birds of prey. Mr Cooper makes sense out of all that. 'Snurt' seems to me an entirely appropriate name for a runny nose, […]. When next I am constipated I shall complain that I have something wrong with my ‘tewel’.

1978，Leslie Brown June，“Foreword to the First Edition”, in Birds of Prey: Health and Disease，頁 xi:


Pharaoh

And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

但是我要勝過埃及王，他的軍隊，戰車，和騎兵，他們就會尊敬我。我擊敗他們的時候，他們就知道我是上主。（現代中文譯本）

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 14:18:


badunkadunk

Within this conception of love, Socrates still finds a place for sex without making the badunkadunk the central focus.

2005，Tommie Shelby，“Ain't (Just) 'bout da Booty”, in Hip-Hop and Philosophy: Rhyme 2 Reason, →ISBN，頁 21:

This all being said, big is beautiful — I recognize that every time I pass a mirror and rejoice at the sight of my own plentiful badunkadunk.

2006年April26日，Amelia Robinson，“A plan to make civility worth the weight”, in Dayton Daily News，頁 D7:

From a small and tight butt to a badunkadunk, just about every type of booty will attract guys.

2006年October18日，“Guy test-drive: one man mouths off about the August issue.”, in Cosmopolitan:


foot-and-mouth disease

So Joe starts telling the citizen about the foot and mouth disease and the cattle traders and taking action in the matter and the citizen sending them all to the rightabout and Bloom coming out with his sheepdip for the scab and a hoose drench for coughing calves and the guaranteed remedy for timber tongue.

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 12: The Cyclops]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey]，頁s 301–302:


obstruent

Lehmann (1998:77) and Steever (1998: 14, 16) considered āytam an allophone of Tamil /y/ before obstruents, but there is no real evidence for this assumption.

2003，Bhadiraju Krishnamurti，The Dravidian Languages，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN:

同類詞：continuant


archon

源自古希臘語 ἄρχων (árkhōn)，ἄρχω (árkhō，“统治”)的现在分词的名词用法。

Hated by the archons of Athens for his fearless condemnation of municipal graft, he was hypocritically arraigned on a charge of corrupting Athenian youth.

But neither the midwife’s lore nor the caudlectures saved him from the archons of Sinn Fein and their noggin of hemlock.

Their claim to totality is like the cry of the archon Ialdabaoth that he was the Lord of the Universe and that there was nothing beyond him.

1981，William Irwin Thompson，The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture，London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co.，頁 83:


body count

In addition to racking up what looks like a substantial offscreen body count, the movie at one point offers an eight-second introduction for a sleazy used-car salesman character for the sole purpose of justifying Tripp and Creech laying waste to his inventory.

2017年January12日，Jesse Hassenger，“A literal monster truck is far from the stupidest thing about Monster Trucks”, in The Onion AV Club:


biomedical

The research problem was biomedical in nature but the research approach adopted was multidisciplinary, with biomedical, psychological and anthropological aspects. Despite joint efforts, our biomedical colleagues felt that [...]

2006，Mwenda Ntarangwi, David Mills, Mustafa H. M. Babiker (editors)，African anthropologies: history, critique, and practice，頁 253:

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias have come to be defined as biomedical in nature.

2007，Athena McLean，The person in dementia: a study in nursing home care in the US，頁 28:

Clearly, some research undertaken by children's nurses is biomedical in nature although a significant amount of contemporary research is qualitative focusing on children's experiences and evaluating services.

2011，Gosia M. Brykczyńska, Joan Simons，Ethical and Philosophical Aspects of Nursing Children and Young People，頁 208:


coffee pot

Philander went into the next room[…]and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.

菲蘭德去了隔壁房間 […] 回來的時候，手裡帶著一條像暴風雨一樣瘋狂滴水的鯖魚。然後他把咖啡壺放到爐子上，翻出一條乾麵包和一些硬餅乾。

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 8, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:


catch up

catches up (third-person singular present)
catching up (present participle)
caught up (past participle)

Rose was three seconds behind, but managed to catch up with the race leader and eventually won.

Rose本来落后3秒钟，但之后成功赶上了领跑人，最后夺冠。

I'll go ahead and you can catch me up later.

我先走了，你之后再赶上我吧。

But you run / And you run to catch up with the sun / But it's sinking

1973年March1日，Roger Waters （作曲作詞）, “Time”, in The Dark Side of the Moon，演出者 Pink Floyd:

最终达到，最终遇到 （不可避免的事情）

The episode begins with a lifetime of junk food, beer and no exercise catching up with Homer in the form of painful heart contractions.

2012年June17日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Homer’s Triple Bypass” (season 4, episode 11; originally aired 12/17/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:


dance floor

I bet that you look good on the dancefloor / I don't know if you're looking for romance or / I don't know what you're looking for

2005，“I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor”, in Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not，演出者 Arctic Monkeys:


technophobia

I learned that, as Jane approached discharge, I would attend pump class, to learn how to program pumps in our apartment and infuse Jane with water, food, and drugs. My technophobia covered its eyes.

2005，Donald Hall，The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon，Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN，頁 121:


aleger

源自法語 allègre, earlier alègre，源自拉丁語 alacer。

more aleger (comparative)
most aleger (superlative)

Certainly this berry coffa, the root and leaf betel, the leaf tobacco, and the tear of poppy (opium), of which the Turks are great takers (supposing it expelleth all fear), do all condense the spirits, and make them strong and aleger.


tamer

Only Enid could dare him at such a time, and even she felt occasionally that sinking of the heart which the bravest of tamers may experience as he unbars the gate of the cage.

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


pusil

more pusil (comparative)
most pusil (superlative)

a pusil and a thin soft air


laughing gas

來自吸入其會感到欣快，並能致人發笑的效果。由英國的化學家漢弗萊·戴維在1799年造出。

nitrous oxide

笑氣，用作麻醉劑時的一氧化二氮

笑氣，用作麻醉劑時的一氧化二氮

"You know how matters stand, dear," said he. "I have explained it also to our friends here. You're not afraid are you?" "It won't be painful, George?" "No more than laughing-gas at the dentist's."

“你也知道現在是什麼情況，親愛的，”他說道。“我也跟這裡的朋友們解釋過了。你不怕嗎？”“不會痛嗎，喬治？”“不過是牙醫那兒的笑氣罷了。”


son of a whore

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-son of a whore.ogg

令人厭惡的人；混蛋，混賬

Well, mon cher monsieur l'Anglais, may I inform you that you are the son of a whore?

那麼，親愛的英國人先生，能允許我告訴你一聲，你其實是個臭王八蛋嗎？

1933年January9日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，Down and Out in Paris and London，London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC，頁 77:


smitten

源自中古英語 smiten，源自古英語 smiten、ġesmiten，源自原始日耳曼語 *smitanaz，原始日耳曼語 *smītaną (“投掷”)的过去分词，等价于smite + -en (過去分詞後綴)。

more smitten (comparative)
most smitten (superlative)

被打的；被杀害的等，参见 smite
狂热的

[A] smited man is a man struck; a smitten man is a man affected by the act of smiting: […]

1850，Matthew Stewart，Remarks on the Subject of Language, with Some Observations in the Form of Notes, Illustrative of the Information which Language may Afford of the History and Opinions of Mankind，London: Printed by Richard and John Edward-Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, for, and at the expense of the author, →OCLC，頁 30:

There was a tense silence over the throng as the old man stood and looked at the figure at his feet. There were shadows on the earl's face, and his hands shook, for the smitten man was his son.

1903，Warwick Deeping，“Book I. The Way to Winchester”, in Uther and Igraine，New York, N.Y.: The Outlook Company, 出版於 1904, →OCLC，頁 22:

The Bible shows the way of God with man and the way of man with God. It contains both the complaint of God against the wicked and the shriek of the smitten man, demanding justice of God.

1997，Abraham Joshua Herschel，Between God and Man: An Interpretation of Judaism: 源自the Writings of Abraham Joshua Herschel，New York, N.Y.: Free Press Paperbacks, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN，頁 250:

[W]hen the alternate designation is introduced, turning the character from “man” or “brother” to “his smiter,” this balance is disturbed, and suddenly we have a smiter and a smitten person, not two people in a fight with each other.

2010，Assnat Bartor，“Point of View”, in Reading Law as Narrative: A Study in the Casuistic Laws of the Pentateuch (Ancient Israel and its Literature; 5)，Atlanta, Ga.: Society of Biblical Literature, →ISBN，頁 175:

In the argument, which followed between Job and his comforters, the poor, smitten man regained some of his faith and uttered many noble words concerning the wisdom of God. Finally, God revealed to Job the whole truth of the matter.

2010，Constance B. Nealey，The Teaching/Learning Process: Undergirded by Biblical Teachings: Teaching the Bible Way，[Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN，頁 50:

There is not, I am persuaded, an individual of the many Nature-smitten enthusiasts who yearly visit the wild glens of Kincardineshire, that would not walk barefoot a hundred miles to kneel at the tomb of him who founded the beautifully-situated village of Balrangle.

1869，Joseph Grant，“The Grocer's Daughter”, in Tales of the Glens with Ballads and Songs，第new版, Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire: Published by John Taylor, →OCLC，頁 9:

One of the side benefits of such has been making the acquaintances of similarly smitten enthusiasts, and inevitably they are keen to share both plants and experiences.

1980，Arboretum Bulletin，Seattle, Wash.: [University of Washington], →OCLC，頁 26:

Welcome to the world of the Hobie Cat addict, that 100,000-strong armada of hopelessly smitten enthusiasts who insist that nothing in life quite measures up to the unrestrained joy of breezing along on a twin-hulled Hobie.

1981，Time，卷 118, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN，頁 147:

被打的；被杀害的等，参见 smite
坠入爱河的

At the end of the long procession came a smitten woman. […] I think of the women who have fastened the tendrils of their heart's affection round unworthy men, and have married them, hoping, trusting and believing that their love and influence would be powerful enough to win the men to sobriety and virtue. Alas! how mistaken they have been!

1912, Thomas Holmes, “Marriage in the Underworld”, in London's Underworld (The Making of the Modern Law), London: J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, N.Y.: E. P. Dutton, OCLC 60735063; republished as London; New York, N.Y.: Anthem Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84331-219-2, page 118:

In “The Soldier Maid,” a woman falls in love with the cross-dressed woman, thinking she is a man. The smitten woman, then, perceives herself in heterosexual mode – though the person to whom she is attracted is actually female.

1997，Pauline Greenhill，“‘The Handsome Cabin Boy’: Cross-Dressing Ballads, Sexualities, and Gendered Meanings”, in Undisciplined Women: Tradition and Culture in Canada，Montreal, Que., Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen's University Press, →ISBN，頁 119:

“I’m a man, Violet,” he reminded her as they walked out to his car after making their goodbyes to their host. “I know a smitten man when I see one. Kemp’s got it bad.”

2005，Diana Palmer，Boss Man，New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN:

Isabella had complained to her father on several occasions over his actions. Father had responded by stating that it was natural for a healthy man to pay attention to a beautiful woman. The curt thank you and show of disinterest was no distraction to the smitten man.

2012，Joseph Hale，Memoirs of the Browning Man，Houston, Tex.: Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., →ISBN，頁 49:


chip away

chips away (third-person singular present)
chipping away (present participle)
chipped away (past participle)

一点点地削减，一点点地削弱 （常带at）

Iraneus contrasts the unity and integrity of these writings with the distorted, contextless citations of the Gnostics. He describes the code of textual harassment that allows these heretics to chip away at the Scriptures, […]

1991，Jan Gorak，The Making of the Modern Canon: Genesis and Crisis of a Literary Idea，頁 24:

Matthew Towers, senior industry analyst at Frost & Sullivan, thinks the PowerPC will gradually build market share over the next several years. “They'll ‘chip’ away at Intel, but slowly,” he says.

1995年June15日，John Edwards，引 Matthew Towers, “How the Chips Fall”, in CIO，卷 8, 號 17, CXO Media, Inc., →ISSN，頁 76:

Antismoking groups continue their efforts to chip away at the public support for smoking as well as at the favorable treatment of tobacco products.

1997，Robert L. Heath，Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges，SAGE Publications, →ISBN，頁 77:


ching chong

模仿漢語官話音素ch、j、q和zh的發音[t͡ʂʰ]、[t͡ɕ]、[t͡ɕʰ]和[t͡ʂ]。

/ˈtʃɪŋ ˌtʃɒŋ/

模仿漢語、朝鮮語或其他東亞語言。

He came up with three or four kids behind him, chanting 'Ching chong! Ching chong! Don't even know how to talk! Don't even know how to fight!'

他走了過來，身後有三四個孩子，高喊著“Ching chong！Ching chong！都不知道怎麼說話！都不知道怎么打架！”

2008，Alice Pung，Growing Up Asian in Australia，頁 91:

For example, comedian and talk-show host Adam Corolla and NBA superstar Shaquille O'Neal have each previously made ching chong comments in reference to Asians and Asian Americans.
#*:: 例如，喜剧演员和脱口秀主持人亞當·卡羅拉和NBA超级明星俠客·歐尼爾以前都曾在提到亚洲人和亚裔美国人时发表过ching chong言论。

2009, Kent A. Ono, Vincent N. Pham, Asian Americans and the media (page 104)


ching chong

/ˈtʃɪŋ ˌtʃɒŋ/

“Hey there, Ching Chong, bring the pistol.” In a moment Lee poked the gun butt-first through the door.

“喂，庆中，把手枪拿来。”老李很快就把手枪枪柄朝外从门口递了过来。（王永年译）


alight

源自中古英語 alighten (“（从某处）下来；下（车，马）；到达，停在；着陆；掉落；攻击；（雷，闪电）打，击；跳上（马背等）；（段位，官阶）下降；使...（的段位，官阶）下降；出现，涌现；减轻；（基督教，指基督，天使，圣灵，奇迹等）下凡，降临；下（地狱）；（某事）降临到，发生到”) [以及其他形式]，融合自：
* 古英語 ālīhtan (“下（车马）”)，源自ā- (“离，出，走”，前缀) + līhtan、līehtan (“降临；使...变轻，减轻”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *h₁lengʷʰ- (“轻”)；和
* 古英語 ġelīhtan (“下（车马）；使...变轻，使...变简单；减轻”)，源自ġe- (程度增强前缀，接于动词表示完成，完满) + līhtan、līehtan（见上）。
英语中，作a- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) + light (“使...简单，使...变轻；拿走；从...卸货；（古旧）降落，着陆；下（车马）”)分析。
同源词
* 中古低地德語 erlichten (“使...变轻”)
* 古高地德語 gilīhten (“使...变轻”)（中古高地德語 gelīhten）、古高地德語 irlīhten (“减轻”)（中古高地德語 erlīhten，现代德語 erleichten）

alights (third-person singular present)
alighting (present participle)
alighted (past participle)
alit (past participle)

alighten

使...变轻 （质量，程度等）；减轻，缓解

alighten

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

light

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

disembark

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

debark

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

get off

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

get out

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

unlight

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

（常与from或off连用）下 （车，马等）； 完成旅途，停下

He alighted from his horse.

Passengers are alighting from the carriage.

Dashing back to my compartment, I grabbed my impedimenta—what my companion thought of the maniac who alighted at a station only half-way to the first booked stop I don't know!—got out, hurried under the subway, and was into my 10.45 comfortably before its departure.

1939 June，“Pertinent Paragraphs: A Surprise at Didcot”, in The Railway Magazine，Westminster, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 452:

That, combined with the fact that I alight with only four or five other passengers, is a sad reminder of how most people continue to choose to travel to this far-flung corner of the UK.

2021年November3日，Paul Stephen，“As Far North as You Can Go … to Thurso”, in Rail，期 943, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 49:

A flying bird alights upon a tree.

Snow alights on a roof.

His fearefull freends vveare out the vvofull night, / Ne dare to vveepe, nor ſeeme to vnderſtand / The heauie hap, vvhich on them is alight, / Affraid, leaſt to themſelues the like miſhappen might.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto III”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 20，頁 38:

Then from his loftie ſtand on that high Tree / Down he alights among the ſportful Herd / Of thoſe fourfooted kindes, himſelf now one, […]

1667，John Milton，“Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 395–397:

In 1851 the Great Northern Railway had reached London and began operating into a terminus at Maiden Lane, just north of the New Road [later renamed Euston Road]. In 1854 they moved up to the New Road itself, with the opening of King's Cross station, east of Euston. The railways were alighting on the New Road like birds perching on a branch (the Midland Railway would open St Pancras, between Euston and King's Cross in 1868), and [Charles] Pearson took note.

2012，Andrew Martin，“The World of Charles Pearson”, in Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube，第paperback版, London: Profile Books, 出版於 2013, →ISBN，頁 25:


alight

动词可能另派生自其他词：
* 源自中古英語 alighten (“点燃；开始燃烧；变明亮；激起，唤起；（比喻义）启迪，启发”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 ālīhtan、ālȳhtan (“点亮”)（可能仿拉丁語 illūmināre，illūminō (“照亮”)的现在主动不定式），源自ā- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) + līhtan、līehtan (“闪亮，照耀；照亮”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lewk- (“看；闪；亮”)）；和
* 源自中古英語 onlighten (“使...发光；（比喻义）启迪，启发”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 onlīhtan，inlīhtan (“照亮；使...发光；发光；（比喻义）使...醍醐灌顶，启发”)的一个变体，源自原始日耳曼語 *inliuhtijaną (“照亮”)，源自*in (“进”) + *liuhtijaną (“照亮”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lewk-，见上）；和
* alight (形容词)的晚期用法。
英语中，作a- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) + light (“点（火）；点燃；燃起来；照亮；照路”)分析。
形容词和副词派生自晚期中古英語 alight (形容词) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 ālīht、ālȳht，古英語 ālīhtan、ālȳhtan (动词，见上)的过去分词形式；但随后亦被解读为a- (表示“到，上，于”的前缀，用来表示条件、状态或方式) + light (“明亮的，清晰的”)。
同源词
* 德語 erleuchten (“照亮”)

The burning embers and the dry wind quickly set the whole neighbourhood alight.

燃着的灰烬和干燥的风很快将附近的所有房子点燃了。

The sticks were damp and wouldn’t catch alight.

With a heavy load of 650 tons for Arras and Lille we started very quietly, with about a third of a glass of water, and the fire barely alight. This frightened me, but I had reckoned without the 4-6-4's American mechanical stoker.

1961 February，Balmore [pseudonym]，“Driving and Firing Modern French Steam Locomotives – Part One”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 110:


dead of night

常作“in the dead of night”，但有时亦作“at dead of night”（类似“at midnight”）。

I was feeling just as I had felt in the old Malvern House epoch when I used to sneak down to [the schoolmaster]'s study at dead of night in quest of the biscuits he kept there in a tin on his desk, and there came back to me the memory of the occasion when, not letting a twig snap beneath my feet, I had entered his sanctum in pyjamas and a dressing-gown, to find him seated in his chair, tucking into the biscuits himself.

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VII:

Blackbird singing in the dead of night / Take these broken wings and learn to fly

1968，“Blackbird”, in Paul McCartney 作詞, The Beatles，演出者 The Beatles:


monkeypox

In a remote southwestern pocket of the Central African Republic, doctor Patrick Karume and his small team are on the jungle frontline to quarantine a rare outbreak of monkeypox.

2018年October25日，“On the frontline against monkeypox in Central African Republic”, in France 24，存檔自the original on 2018-10-25:

Monkeypox is a rare viral pox-like disease from the smallpox family, only milder. It can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, contact with body fluids or contact with an infected animal or animal products.
The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The United States saw a large outbreak among humans in 2003 after the virus spread from imported African rodents to pet prairie dogs. However, this is believed to be the first monkeypox virus infection in a Texas resident, according to Dallas County health officials.

2021年July16日，“Dallas resident returns from Nigeria with case of monkeypox”, in AP News，存檔自the original on 2021-07-16:

Clusters of monkeypox cases have recently been identified in Britain and Portugal, while Spain is investigating suspected cases of the virus.

2022年May20日，Joseph Goldstein，“Officials Report a Possible Monkeypox Case in New York”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


enoki

enokitake 的簡稱，源自日語 榎(えのき)茸(たけ) (enokitake)。对比 enoki mushroom，其是對日語的不完全仿譯。

Enokis have a delicate flavor and crunchy texture.

金針菇味道鮮美、口感爽脆。

2006，Roy Yamaguchi et al.，Roy's Fish and Seafood, →ISBN，頁 231:


sum up

sums up (third-person singular present)
summing up (present participle)
summed up (past participle)

受詞可以放在助詞之前或之後（例如，「we summed the argument up as "think twice"」或「we summed up the argument as "think twice"」；二者在英語中皆合乎英語的語言習慣）。如果受詞是代名詞，則必須放在助詞之前（例如，「we summed it up as "think twice"」合乎語言習慣，但「we summed up it as "think twice"」不合乎語言習慣且語法錯誤）。

所以，總結你爭吵的話，你在說這不可能。

So, to sum up your argument, what you are saying is that it is impossible.

Best came close to getting on the end of Barton's cross but he was inches away from connecting. It was an incident that summed up Newcastle's afternoon.

貝斯特差點接到巴頓的橫傳，他離球只有幾吋遠。這個不幸的事件總結了紐卡速的下午。

2011年February12日，拿比爾哈桑，“Blackburn 0 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC:


sidekick

來自 side + kick，在 19 世紀末和 20 世紀初是褲子前面口袋 (也就是最不容易被偷的口袋) 的俚語詞彙。因此，類似的，「side-kick」就是一個人最親密的伴侶。

In the abstract, Stuhlbarg’s twinkly-eyed sidekick suggests Joe Pesci in Lethal Weapon 2 by way of late-period Robin Williams with an alien twist, but Stuhlbarg makes a character that easily could have come across as precious into a surprisingly palatable, even charming man.

抽象的說，史都巴格的有著閃亮眼珠的隨從使用外星人麻花通過後期羅賓威廉斯的方式暗示《致命武器 II》中的喬佩西，但史都巴格讓一個容易給人留下珍貴印象的人物變成了一個令人驚奇的合乎趣味，甚至是有魅力的男人。

2012年May24日，奈森拉賓，“Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:

If representation and recruitment is an objective, self-styled mavericks like Kelly and his Queensland sidekick George Christensen have some utility.

如果代表和招募是客觀的，那麼像凱利和他的昆士蘭隨從喬治克里斯騰森這樣自稱持不同政見的人會有一些用處。


move on

moves on (third-person singular present)
moving on (present participle)
moved on (past participle)

After spending the night resting in an abandoned church, the group decided to move on in their quest.

在废弃教堂休息了一晚上后，这队人决定继续远征。

Moving on again, I catch another GWR Class 802 bound for Oxford via the Cotswold Line.

2020年December2日，Paul Bigland，“My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail，頁 67:


'bout

about的詞首音消失形式。

That's what I'm talkin' 'bout. I need a man like that.

我正是這個意思。我需要這樣的男人。


unbeknownst

He went home early, unbeknownst to his mother.

他在不让母亲知道的情况下提早回了家。

Theon’s redemption scene convincingly threatens to kill him right there on the beaches of Dragonstone, dying for a good cause unbeknownst to anyone but the rapscallions who watched him die, but at last it swerves into something genuinely heroic.

2017年August27日，Brandon Nowalk，“Game Of Thrones slows down for the longest, and best, episode of the season (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:


quid pro quo

借自拉丁語 quid prō quō (字面意思是“[将]某物[当成]某物”)。

quae pro quibus (plural)
quid pro quibus (plural)
quid pro quos (plural)

The misunderstanding of the word or the quid pro quo is the unintentional pun, and is related to it exactly as folly is to wit.

1844，Arthur Schopenhauer，譯者 Richard Burdon Haldane, The World as Will and Representation, 2nd edition, first book，翻譯作品 原題 語言：德語, section 13:

“Is it simply a wild fantasy, or a mistake on the part of the old man — some impossible quid pro quo?”

1912，Fyodor Dostoevsky，譯者 Constance Garnett, The Brothers Karamazov，翻譯作品 原題 語言：俄語, part II, book V, chapter 5:

His argument was formulated, not without reason, as a paradox, a quid pro quo of opposing concepts: form is declared to be content, thus its own opposite.

1982，Carl Dahlhaus，Esthetics of Music，頁 52:

a knave Apothecary that administers the Physick, and makes the medicine, may doe infinite harme, by his old obsolete doses, adulterine druggs, bad mixtures, quid pro quo, etc.

1621-51，Robert Burton，Anatomy of Melancholy:

Nicholas [Praepositus] was also the author of a "Quid pro Quo", that is an alphabetically arranged catalogue of equivalent drugs, capable of replacing each other, when for any reason one or the other drug was wanting

1889，Johann Hermann Baas, Henry Ebenezer Handerson，Outlines of the History of Medicine and the Medical Profession，頁 263:

Was it not Claudius Galenus (130-200 A. D.), the great Roman physician-pharmacist, who was about the very first to prepare a lengthy list of drugs, quid pro quo, a list which remained in use until about the sixteenth century?

1917，Otto Raubenheimer，“History of Substitutes and Substitution”, in Druggists Circular，卷 61，頁 188:

To him I offered a quid pro quo; and meant to give nothing without getting a full equivalent.

1819，The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803，卷 35，頁 1129:

Whie Demanding Great sacrifices from the workforce, Germany's rulers had proved unable by autumn 1916 to offer a quid pro quo in the form of a military victory, more democracy, or even a modest redistribution of income.

2001，Authority and Upheaval in Leipzig, 1910-1920，頁 148:

Britain, which said its crew was in Iraqi waters when seized, insists it never offered a quid pro quo, either, instead relying on quiet diplomacy.

2007，Associated Press，“Iran to release 15 British sailors”, in China Daily:

the US recently supported the European candidate for the IMF and may receive a quid pro quo

2012年March24日，Steve Denning，“The World Bank Is Broken: Can The New President Fix It?”, in Forbes:

McLaren did not want Mercedes to buy Brawn so when the German company insisted, they demanded a quid pro quo that, as far as McLaren are concerned, contains all the positives of a Mercedes involvement but none of the negatives.

2009年November16日，Andrew Benson，“What Mercedes buy-out of Brawn could mean”, in BBC Sport:

People don't like to talk about it, but inherent to every relationship there's a quid pro quo— something that's exchanged in return for something else. The quid pro quo can be obvious, such as I give you a salary and in return I expect you to do a good job, or more subtly, I give you a recommendation and in turn expect you'll help me get my expense check processed faster. It's an unspoken system of bartering that goes on in relationships. Women aren't very good at capitalizing on the quid pro quo. Instead, they give away favors and expect little or nothing in return.

2014，Lois P. Frankel，Nice Girls Don't Get the Corner Office:

交换，交易 （通常不指金钱交易）
等价交换，合理公平的交易

More importantly, the Chrysler bailout produced a quid pro quo wherein Congress agreed to pass bank deregulation legislation if banks agreed to convert substantial amounts of Chrysler's debt to equity.

1997，Davita Silfen Glasberg, Daniel L. Skidmore，Corporate Welfare Policy and the Welfare State，頁 138:

The apparent exception at the Temple of Neith at Sais is likely due to an agreement, a quid pro quo, made with Udjahorresnet, not to a failure to enact the command immediately.

2004，Lisbeth S. Fried，The Priest and the Great King: Temple-palace Relations in the Persian Empire，頁 74:

The requisite intent is proved by showing a quid pro quo—an expectation of a favorable official act in return for the bribe.

2006，John Cibinic, Jr., Ralph C. Nash, James F. Nagle，Administration of Government Contracts，頁 84:

I call it quid pro quo while other authors have described it as “the art of reciprocity.”

2011年December14日，Susan T. Spencer，“Business Networking That Works ... It's Called Quid Pro Quo”, in Forbes:

Neither the envelope nor the entry form indicated whether a donation was enclosed. Because there was no obligation to pay to enter the sweepstakes, payments voluntarily sent were fully deductible. No quid pro quo occurred.

2012，Jody Blazek，Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organizations:

All are based on the concept of quid pro quo, or “this for that” – the exchange of one thing for another. […] In McDonnell, the government alleged a quid pro quo sale of “official action” – payments (the quid) made to McDonnell, the former governor of Virginia, in return for a promise or undertaking by McDonnell to perform an official action (the quo). The Court’s decision focused on the quo side of the equation – a side that does not often receive much scrutiny – analyzing the contours of whether the actions taken by McDonnell constituted illegal “official actions.”

2016年July13日，Robert Anello，“SCOTUS Quid Pro Quo Analysis in McDonnell May Broadly Affect Bribery & Insider Trading Prosecutions”, in Forbes:

Council says the mayor and a former councilman may have engaged in a "quid pro quo." / […] / Council says, according to a handwritten note, Fey offered to support a pay raise for Mayor Ellis if Ellis would support a raise or a job appointment for Fey's wife, Gina.

2019年March4日，“Phillipsburg council calls for new investigation of alleged quid pro quo”, in 69 News:

All I'm asking for is a little quid pro quo. You know—you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours.

Mr. P. did not consider that branch, strictly and technically speaking, public revenue; at least it did not arise from taxation, because those persons who had paid this money had received a full equivalent for the same; there was a quid pro quo on both sides; and this was not taxation, it was a sale; the parties therefore from whom this money was derived had not been taxed.

1837，United States. Congress，The Congressional Globe，頁 1977:

What we should do, however, is insist that there be a quid pro quo — an equal exchange.

1988，Industrial R&D and U.S. Technological Leadership:

Most of those cases were about witness immunity deals (was there a quid pro quo?) or the meaning of quid pro quo in the classic “equality of exchange” sense.

2014，Zephyr Teachout，Corruption in America，頁 239:

US-Myanmar relations in the past few years have been largely based on a quid pro quo or tit for tat strategy. Some analysts also call it action for action or give and take strategy.

2013年May21日，Nehginpao Kipgen，“Quid Pro Quo Diplomacy in US-Myanmar Relations”, in Foreign Policy Journal:

职场性骚扰 （指职场中，某人要求另一人让其性骚扰为条件来换取其他东西）

A quid pro quo complaint typically is lodged by an employee who has been denied opportunities because he or she refused a perpetrator's sexual advances or by an employee who has been denied opportunities because another employee obtained those opportunities by submitting to a perpetrator's sexual advances.

2008，Ronald W. Scott，Promoting Legal and Ethical Awareness，頁 140:

As for a legal remedy to the problem of harassment, the Court found that a proper, well-advertised grievance procedure could be used in a defense where sexual comments and horseplay created a “hostile environment,” but not in the quid pro quo cases that feminist Catharine MacKinnon had dubbed "put out or get out."

2009，Frank Dobbin，Inventing Equal Opportunity:

American courts have recognized two forms of sexual harassment. In the first, quid pro quo cases, the violation occurs when an employer or supervisor conditions an employment benefit on the employee's providing sexual favors.

2018，Walter B. Connolly, Jr., Michael J. Connolly, Joshua Feinstein，A Practical Guide to Equal Employment Opportunity，頁 161:


sully

源自中古英語 sulen、sulien (“變髒；弄髒，弄污”)，源自古英語 sylian (“弄髒，弄污”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *suliwōną、*sulwōną、*sulwijaną (“弄髒，弄污”)，源自原始印歐語 *sūl- (“粘稠的液體，淤泥”)，可能與來自相同日耳曼語族源頭的古法語 souillier (“弄髒，弄污”)（現代法語 souiller）部分混合。與丹麥語 søle (“弄髒，弄污”)、荷蘭語 zaluwen (“弄髒，弄污”)（中古荷蘭語 saluwen (“弄髒，弄污”)）、德語 sühlen (“弄髒，弄污”)、古撒克遜語 sulian (“弄髒，弄污”)、瑞典語 söla (“弄髒，弄污”)同源。亦对比中古英語 sulpen (“弄髒，弄污”)、古英語 solian (“弄髒，弄污；變髒”)，參見 soil。

sullies (third-person singular present)
sullying (present participle)
sullied (past participle)
sullow (alternative)

He did not wish to sully his hands with gardening.

THoſe Ills your Anceſtors have done, / Romans, are now become your own ; / And they will coſt you dear, / Unleſs you ſoon repair / The falling Temples which the Gods provoke, / And Statues ſully’d yet with Sacrilegious Smoke.

1672，The Earl of Roscommon [Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon]，“The Sixth Ode, of the Third Book of Horace”, in Poems by the Earl of Roscomon，London: J[acob] Tonson, 出版於 1717，頁 153，行s 1–6:


girolle

The dominance of the squeaky-clean white button has given way to a far wider range: brown chestnuts and flat-capped portobellos, and pearly-white oysters, which really do look a bit like the oyster shells they’re named after, carotene-orange girolles, flavour-bomb dried shiitake and porcini, or delicate enoki, with their long, skinny legs and tiny caps, which are often sold in packages with buna and shiro shimejis and labelled “exotic”.

2015年November14日，Yotam Ottolenghi，“Shroom for manoeuvre: Yotam Ottolenghi’s mushroom recipes”, in The Guardian:


revisable

more revisable (comparative)
most revisable (superlative)

可修改的，可訂正的，可改變的

if one believes it possible that logic will turn out to be empirically revisable, one surely must believe it possible that logic will be empirically revised[…]

2008年January30日，Lisa Warenski，“Naturalism, fallibilism, and the a priori”, in Philosophical Studies，卷 142, 期 3, →DOI:


appellant

源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 apelant。

Firſt, heauen be the record to my ſpeech,
In the deuotion of a ſubiects loue,
Tendering the precious ſafetie of my Prince,
And free from other misbegotten hate,
Come I appealant to rhis [sic] Princely preſence.

1595 December 9 (first known performance)，William Shakespeare，“The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]，頁 23，列 1:


Central Europe

/ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊəɹəp/

/ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊɹəp/

Western Christendom's centuries-long confrontation with the Oriental and Islamic empire of the Ottoman Turks also helped define Central Europe as a cultural and historical region.

西方基督教世界與奧斯曼土耳其的東方和伊斯蘭帝國長達數世紀的對抗也有助於將中歐定義為一個文化和歷史區域。

1996，Lonnie R. Johnson，Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends，頁 4:


slather

未知，自19世纪起可考，意为“滑动”。

Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand. We spent consider'ble money getting 'em reset, and then a swordfish got into the pound and tore the nets all to slathers, right in the middle of the squiteague season.

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

In her eyes the manse people were quite fabulously rich, and no doubt those girls had slathers of shoes and stockings.

1919, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Rainbow Valley, ch. 24,


ten thousand

China chose resistance.
This resistance brought suffering that affected each individual. It gave even the young children national consciousness. It put the marching song of the soldiers upon their lips. The children cry the fulfillment of a prediction when they sing "Chi-lai, chi-lai . . ."—"Arise, arise . . . ten thousand with one heart."

中國選擇了抵抗。
這場抵抗給每個人都帶來了前所未有的痛苦。連年幼的小孩也因此有了民族意識。他們嘴邊開始掛著士兵們的進行曲。孩子們唱著“起來，起來……我們萬眾一心”，就像是在吶喊著這預言的實現。

1943，Kwok Ying Fung，“Out of Yesterday”, in China，New York: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC，頁 15:


teef

teefs (third-person singular present)
teefing (present participle)
teefed (past participle)

You s'posed to be my homie an' you teefed my story


blood work

Some medications require blood work to monitor for possible side effects.

有些药物需要患者做血液检查，来监测可能的副作用。

2012，William Marchand，Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Your Guide to Recovery，頁 275:


wussy

wussier (comparative)
wussiest (superlative)

There was enough food for a soccer team and we were going to grill it. Our meatfest included no girly utensils, no wussy plates. Just our hands, mouths, and incisors.

2013，L. A. Campbell，Cartboy and the Time Capsule，頁 112:


hongbao

裝飾用的紅包
裝有錢的紅包
借自官話 紅包／红包 (hóngbāo)。 ang pow 的同源對似詞。

In the old days gifts of money were given to children by the older generation and were placed in red envelopes called hong bao. This practice has been discouraged by the Communists because it perpetuates "feudal-capitalist consciousness," the worship of wealth and money.

過去長輩們會把壓歲錢放在叫做紅包的紅色信封裡送給小孩們。但共產黨當局禁止這種行為，因為它延續了“封建-資本主義意識”，即對財富和金錢的崇拜。

1980，B. Michael Frolic，“Notes [Notes to Pages 50–65]”, in Mao’s People: Sixteen Portraits of Life in Revolutionary China [毛澤東時代的人民：革命時期的十六幅中國生活寫照]，Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, note 8，頁 269:

New Year's Eve is the traditional date for reunion dinners, but relatives and old friends enjoy getting together for feasting and entertainment throughout the entire holiday season. Gift giving is another time-honored custom still widely practiced among Singapore's Chinese. Hong bao, or "lucky money," is by far the favored item, bestowed in bright red envelopes by married family members upon the young and single.

傳統上團圓飯是在除夕吃的，不過整個春節期間，親戚老友們都會齊聚一堂、吃喝玩樂。送禮是另一個由來已久的習俗，至今仍在新加坡華人間廣泛流傳。紅包或“壓歲錢”——已婚的家庭成員送給年輕人和單身人士的淺紅色信封——是迄今為止最受歡迎的禮物。

1988 January–February，Suzanne L. Murphy，“Island Hopping: Singapore’s Chingay Parade: Music, Muscle and Make-Believe”, in Islands: An International Magazine，Santa Barbara, Calif.: Islands Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 79，列 1:

After extensive negotiations, and at the arrival of the groom at the bride's house, the groom is usually admitted only after he offers a red envelope (hong bao) containing money in multiples of 99 or 999. Those numbers symbolize a long, happy marriage.

經過多方協商，在新郎到新娘家時，要先給一個裝著99或999倍數金額的紅包，才能進去。這些數字意味著長久幸福的婚姻。

1997，Douglas D. Daye，“Ethnic Profile: The Chinese”, in A Law Enforcement Sourcebook of Asian Crime and Cultures: Tactics and Mindsets，Boca Raton, Fla., New York, N.Y.: CRC Press, →ISBN，頁 190:

Children in particular love the joyous festivals. With them come treats like traditional New Year goodies (and hongbaos) during the Lunar New Year, a wide variety of rice dumplings to savour during the Dragon Boat Festival, and pretty lanterns to carry in dark places during the Mid-Autumn Festival.

孩子們尤其喜歡喜慶的節日。過節的時候，像農曆新年有糖果（和紅包），端午節有各種粽子，中秋節可以在暗黑的地方舉著漂亮的燈籠。

1997 May，Goh Pei Ki, compiler，“Prologue”, in Koh Kok Kiang（譯者）, Origins of Chinese Festivals (Asiapac Comic)，第13th版, Singapore: Asiapac Books, 出版於 April 2004, →ISBN，頁 1:

Firecrackers are let off to usher in the New Year and to drive off bad luck and evil spirits. The next morning is spent visiting relatives and friends and exchanging greetings and good wishes for the year ahead. The Chinese also exchange hongbao 紅包 hóngbāo or little red envelopes stuffed with money for good luck.

放鞭炮是为了迎接新的一年，驱除厄运和恶灵。第二天早上走亲访友，互致问候，祝福新的一年。中国人还互赠红包（装满钱的小红信封）以求好运。

2005，Tiger Tong [et al.]，“China”, in China Business Guide，第3rd版, Singapore: China Knowledge Press, →ISBN，頁 27，列 1:

When Chinese return home for the Spring Festival […] they will probably also prepare hongbao for the family. Traditionally these are gifts of money packed in red envelopes given and received with ceremonial reverence. But now hongbao are available in the form of social applications. In 2015, WeChat, China's most popular messaging application, developed by Tencent, collaborated with China Central TV (CCTV) in the most watched lunar new year's gala ever, in which at certain times the host asked the audience to shake their mobile phones to receive hongbao. Over 1 billion hongbao were sent and received.

当中国人过春节回家时 […] 他们可能还会为家人准备红包。传统上，红包是装在红色信封里的金钱礼物，受赠者带着礼仪性的崇敬收受。但现在红包以社交应用的形式出现。2015年，由腾讯开发的中国最受欢迎的通讯应用程序微信，与中央电视台（CCTV）合作举办了有史以来收视率最高的春节联欢晚会，主持人在特定时间要求观众摇动手机以接收红包。发送和接收的红包总数超过10亿。

2017，“China and the Next Production Revolution”, in The Next Production Revolution: Implications for Governments and Business，Paris: OECD Publishing, →ISBN，頁 405:

The sum of money in the hongbao is not fixed and it is based on the relationship between the giver and recipient, i.e. the closer the relationship, the greater the sum of money given. The hongbao culture is also commonly found in other Chinese societies; analogous practices include lishi in Hong Kong and ang pow in Singapore.

紅包內附金額的數量不是固定的，而是根據給予者與受贈者的關係而有所不同，也就是說，一般關係越親，收到的錢也就越多。紅包文化在其他地方的華人社會也很常見；類似的做法包括香港的“利是”和新加坡的“紅包（ang pow）”。

2018，Lei Tan，“Neither Gift nor Payment: The Sociability of Instrumentality”, in The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality: Understanding Social and Cultural Complexity (Fringe)，卷 1, London: UCL Press, →DOI, →ISBN, section 2.3 (Hongbao (China))，頁 136:

Want a big hongbao this Lunar New Year? Map shows China’s ‘most and least generous’ provinces [title]

農曆年想要個大紅包？這幅地圖帶您了解中國給紅包“最大方和最小氣”的省份[標題]

2018年February14日，Yujing Liu，“Want a big hongbao this Lunar New Year? Map shows China’s ‘most and least generous’ provinces [農曆年想要個大紅包？這幅地圖帶您了解中國給紅包“最大方和最小氣”的省份]”, in South China Morning Post，Hong Kong: South China Morning Post Publishers, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2020-11-12: