Heimweh

For the long trail stretched before us, for we heard the call, / Left the hearthstone and the homeland, felt the rover's thrall; / Wandered to the far horizon, sought the joy of life— / Now the wanderlust is waning, heimweh now is rife.

1908年December12日，Harry Davids，Tom Springer，“Christmas Sorrows”, in The Argonaut，卷 LXIII, 期 1655, San Francisco, Calif.: Argonaut Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 397，列 1:


Marshall Islands

馬紹爾群島（大洋洲島嶼國家；法定名稱：Republic of the Marshall Islands；首都及最大城市：Majuro）。

There, in that emptiness, the typhoon is organising. For the last twenty-four hours it’s been shifting west, by now past the Marshall Islands, that fragile tracery of sinking lands so piecemeal and storm-worn.

2023，Samantha Harvey，Orbital，Jonathan Cape，頁 23:

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Tien Chung-kwang (田中光) then outlined the trip itinerary, stating that President Lai will visit the three Pacific allies in the following order: the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and then Palau. He said that during his time in the Marshall Islands, the president will meet with President Heine and her cabinet and with Speaker of the Nitijela (parliament) Brenson Wase, adding that the president will also address the Nitijela, attend a ceremony marking the completion of the Majuro Hospital AI and Telemedicine Center, and attend a state banquet hosted by President Heine.

2024年November22日，“President Lai to lead delegation on visit to the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Palau”, in Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan) [中華民國總統府]，存檔自the original on 2024-11-22, News releases:


Hitler

姓氏 Hitler 属 Hiedler 的一个变体，后者为住在Hiedl (“地下河”)（巴伐利亞語方言）附近的居民使用姓氏。早期理论认为该形式派生自Hüttler（亦作Huettler），或意为“住在棚屋里的人”，源自Hütte (“棚屋”)，或源自hüten (“照看”)。

阿道夫·希特勒，1933年到1945年在位的德国独裁者

The question makes no sense, unless the questioner is satisfied with such answers as: Death is evil, pain is evil, Hitler is evil.

1964，David Hugh Freeman，A Philosophical Study of Religion:

Similarly, the description we give of God’s knowledge concerning Hitler has to be different after Hitler’s death; it is manifest that there has been a change on Hitler’s side, and that this, in view of the logic of omniscience, makes a difference to what we can truly say about God’s knowledge; ...

1977，Peter Thomas Geach，Providence and Evil:

Mueller is even less convincing in his suggestion that World War II might never have happened if Hitler had never been born.

1994，Karen A. Rasler, William R. Thompson，The great powers and global struggle, 1490-1990:

People do evil things (Hitler, Stalin, Saddam Hussein).


Hitler

How does he support his position against the prima facie case in favor of the strongly counterintuitive claim that non-violence would necessarily defeat a Hitler?

1986，William Borman，Gandhi and Non-Violence:

“He was called a ‘little Hitler’ yesterday,” Stevens said. “A guy pointed at him in his car and then he said that we didn’t like brown people. I don’t understand that at all.”

2019年February18日，Tulsi Kamath，“Boy, 7, called ‘little Hitler’ for raising money for Wall, mom says”, in KXAN:


Thimphu

借自宗喀語 ཐིམ་ཕུ (thim phu)。

Bhutan, the tiny 'Land of the Thunder Dragon' in South Asia, is a polar contrast to what one might associate with any of its closest neighbors, China, India, Nepal, or Bangladesh. For instance, Thimphu, its most populous city, is the only capital city in the world without a single traffic light. The city’s busiest intersection is still managed by a traffic policeman directing vehicles using flamboyant hand movements accentuated by his white gloves – apparently all the traffic intervention the 114,000 residents need.

不丹，南亚的“雷龙之国”，与其近邻中国、印度、尼泊尔或孟加拉国的形象截然相反。例如，其人口最多的城市廷布，是世界上唯一一个没有红绿灯的首都。这座城市最繁忙的十字路口仍然由一名交通警察管理，他戴着白手套，挥舞着夸张的手势指挥车辆——这似乎就是全城11.4万居民所需要的全部交通干预措施。

2024年September16日，“A fledgling democracy, Bhutan aims for gender equality and public engagement in governing [作为一个新兴民主国家，不丹致力于实现性别平等和公众参与治理]”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2024-09-19, Asia:


Hymen

來自古希臘語 Ὑμήν (Humḗn，“海曼”)或Ὑμέναιος (Huménaios，“海曼”)。

"By the saffron robe of Hymen," cried Lord Norbourne, "but that would be a blessing! I own that I am no great friend to marriage in general; [...] If a young man has his way to make in the world, a wife is a dead weight upon his hands.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 1，頁 131:


Nairobi

借自馬賽語 enkare nyrobi (“冷水；冷河”)，內羅畢河名稱。

內羅畢，奈洛比（首都名，位於肯尼亞）。

By 1899 the railhead had reached the further edge of the Athi Plain at mile 315, and halted while the survey parties went ahead, and a supply base was established at the foot of the hills. This spot has become Nairobi.

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine，頁 262:


Nantong

借自官話 南通 (Nántōng)。

南通（地級市名，位於中國江蘇）。

The eastern Chinese city of Nantong, with a population of more than 7 million, has introduced a new rule to ban near-term resale of certain cheap homes in the latest step by authorities in the country to curb property market speculation.
On Wednesday the government of Nantong, near Shanghai and a number of other port cities, said property buyers who have bought new homes at prices much lower than the market average are not allowed to resell their properties for five years.

人口超过700万的华东城市南通，近日出台了一项新规定，禁止在短期内转售某些廉价住房，这是中国当局为抑制房地产市场投机而采取的最新举措。
周三，毗邻上海和其他一些港口城市的南通市政府表示，以远低于市场平均价格购买新房的购房者五年内不得转售其房产。

2019年December25日，Lusha Zhang, Ryan Woo，“China's Nantong city imposes five-year ban on resale of cheap homes to curb speculation [中国南通市实施五年低价房转售禁令，以抑制投机]”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2019-12-26, Business News:

Nantong city, located in the eastern province of Jiangsu, was among the hardest-hit when the extreme weather swept the Yangtze Delta on Friday night, according to state-affiliated newspaper Global Times.

据官方报纸《环球时报》报道，周五晚间，极端天气席卷长江三角洲，位于江苏省东部的南通市是受灾最严重的城市之一。

2021年May2日，“Extreme weather kills 11, injures 102 in eastern China [极端天气在中国东部造成11人死亡，102人受伤]”, in AP News，源於 Beijing (AP)，存檔自the original on 2021-05-01:


unheimlich

more unheimlich (comparative)
most unheimlich (superlative)

诡异的，离奇的 （自19世纪）

My point is that there is no grand single line, everything is in bits, & often absolutely dead, & always very unheimlich, almost macabre.

Werfner, damn him, keen-witted but unheimlich, is obsessed with railway lines

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 272:

The music rings throughout the hall, somewhat unheimlich, given that the place is so empty.

2009，Søren Kirkegaard，譯者 MG Piety, Repetition，Oxford，頁 33:


Ivan

借自俄語 Ива́н (Iván)，源自數種斯拉夫語族語言的 Ivan。John 的同源對似詞，也是其親緣詞 Evan、Giovanni、Ian、Johann和Sean 等的同源對似詞。

Amy's husband was called Ivan. Ivan the Terrible, Barry always called him, naturally. 'Ivan? What kind of name is that?' he said to Tracy after Amy's engagement was announced. 'Bloody Russian.'
'Actually, I think it's because he had a Norwegian grandfather', Tracy said.
'Norwegian?' Barry said incredulously, as if she'd just announced that Ivan's family came from the moon.

2010，Kate Atkinson，Started Early, took My Dog，Doubleday, →ISBN，頁 66:

I’m sure whoever was in charge must have been one of the last of the Fulda Fucktards, you know, those generals who spent their nard-drop years training to defend West Germany from Ivan.


Ivan

Evan，的罕見變體，源自威爾士語 Ifan，即英語 John 的威爾士語等價詞。

Dafydd ap Ivan ap Einion, an adherent to the house of Lancaster held out, in Harlech Castle, for nine years after the accession of Edward the Fourth to the throne of England.

1833，George Newenham Wright，Scenes in North Wales，T. T. and J. Tegg，頁 137:


jailbait

gaolbait (alternative)
jail bait (alternative)
jail-bait (alternative)
jailbaits (plural)

“禍水妞”，與其發生性行為即構成強姦罪的未成年女性。

"The first time she modelled for Edward Weston, in March 1934, Charis Wilson knew she didn’t look good. At 20 she was “a piece of jailbait”, a mere child, especially with the stumpy plaits into which she sometimes twisted her hair."

2009，The Economist，Charis Wilson, model and writer, died on November 20th, aged 95:


Jakarta

源自印尼語 Jakarta < 梵語 जयकर्ता (jayakartā，“帶來勝利者”)。

/d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/

Batavia

雅加達（印度尼西亞首都和省）。

雅加達（印度尼西亞首都和省）。

And in fact, forgetting the past was easy to do in Indonesia. Jakarta was still a sleepy backwater in those days, with few buildings over four or five stories high, cycle rickshaws outnumbering cars, the city center and wealthier sections of town—with their colonial elegance and lush, well-tended lawns—quickly giving way to clots of small villages with unpaved roads and open sewers, dusty markets, and shanties of mud and brick and plywood and corrugated iron that tumbled down gentle banks to murky rivers where families bathed and washed laundry like pilgrims in the Ganges.

事实上，在印度尼西亚，忘记过去很容易。那时的雅加达还是一片死寂的穷乡僻壤，几乎没有四五层楼以上的建筑，人力车比汽车多，市中心和较富裕的城区——有着殖民时期的雅致环境和郁郁葱葱、受到精心照料的草坪的那片地方——没走多远景色就换成了一片片小村庄，里头有未铺砌的道路和露天下水道、尘土飞扬的市场，还有泥土、砖块、胶合板和波纹铁皮搭建的棚屋，它们顺着平缓的河岸一路蔓延到浑浊的河流中，一家家在那里洗澡、洗衣服，就像恒河里的朝圣者一样。

2006，巴拉克·奧巴馬，The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream [無畏的希望：重申美國夢]，New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN，頁 273:

In an effort to make sure the referendum would not take place or that the Timorese would at least approve the outcome desired by Jakarta, the Indonesians launched yet another campaign of terror and killings, the violence dramatically increasing in the months before the UN agreement and culminating in the weeks after the vote on August 30.

为了确保全民公投不会举行，或者东帝汶人至少会认可雅加达所期望的结果，印尼人再次发起了一轮恐怖和杀戮，暴力事件在联合国达成协议前的几个月里急剧增加，并在8月30日投票后的几周内达到顶峰。

2010，Edward Herman, David Peterson，The Politics of Genocide，New York: Monthly Review Press, →ISBN，頁 90:


Noah

源自聖經希伯來語 נֹחַ (nóakh, nṓaḥ)。

Now, on the night the baby Lord Jesus was born in that stable in Bethlehem, several came to bow down to him and his mother the lady Mary. They were three powerful warlords known as the Magi who brought many fine gifts. And still another, a wonderful man, a sea captain named Noah came to visit Jesus. His ship was called Noah's Ark. The Lord Jesus liked this Noah for he was a wise man, especially in the ways of animals whom he often took sailing in his Ark. This man, Noah was born long before the Lord Jesus but men in those days lived to be very old. So, no one can be sure, no one at all, that Noah did not visit Jesus in that stable in Bethlehem.

1958，片头起1:15:49, in The Inn of the Sixth Happiness [六福客棧], →OCLC:

But records of the first dynasty, that of the Xia, contain stories of a Great Flood with a Noah-like savior, the Emperor Yu, who gained the mandate of heaven after dredging canals to dispel the floodwaters and make the land safe. Historians have long wondered whether this flood account was a creation-style myth, the folk memory of a real event, or some mixture of the two. Some have dismissed the story of Emperor Yu as a fiction intended to justify centralized rule and, in the absence of any evidence of a massive flood at the time, many have regarded the stories of the Xia dynasty as more myth than history.

但第一个朝代夏朝的记载中却记载了一场大洪水，而救世主则是像诺亚一样的禹王，他疏通了运河，驱散了洪水，保卫了天下。历史学家们一直想知道，这场洪水的记载是创世神话，还是民间对真实事件的记忆，或者是两者的混合。有些人认为禹王的故事是虚构的，目的是为中央集权统治辩护，而且由于当时没有任何证据表明发生过大洪水，许多人认为夏朝的故事更像是神话，而不是历史。

2016年August4日，Nicholas Wade，“Scientific Evidence of Flood May Give Credence to Legend of China’s First Dynasty [洪水的科学证据可能证实了中国第一个王朝的传说]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2016-08-04, Science:

源自希伯來語的男性人名。

Easy to account for those trends - but what of post-Vietnam America and its generation of little Noahs? Were we expecting a flood momentarily?

1984，Erica Jong，Parachutes & Kisses, →ISBN，頁 354:


Viagra

商標名，可能借自梵語 व्याघ्र (vyāghrá，“老虎”)，或可能基於 vigour、virility、victory、Niagara 等詞。

love pill

偉哥，威而鋼（枸櫞酸西地那非的商品名） （自1990年代）

偉哥，威而鋼（枸櫞酸西地那非的商品名） （自1990年代）

Just like any other drug that elevates any aspect or level of performance, Viagra has a pretty harsh comedown, so to speak.

就像任何其他能提升性能力方面或水平的药物一样，伟哥的副作用可以说相当严重。

2004，Jayson Gallaway，Diary of a Viagra Fiend，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 49:


Pravda

借自俄語 Правда (Pravda，字面意思是“真理”)。

被認為不可信、且對其所有者或機構有偏見的報紙或其他媒體渠道

The fundamental purpose of the Government in introducing this measure, and in turning their three kept newspapers — the three Pravdas of Fianna Fail — to the propaganda campaign, is to wipe out the Labour Party, Clann na Talmhan, Clann na Poblachta and the Independents.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1959, Ireland. Oireachtas. Dáil, Parliamentary debates; official report

The music press is forever weeping about corporate-dominated music, but their only real contribution is their service as Pravdas of genre orthodoxy; what's "real jazz," "real blues," "real rock 'n' roll," blah blah blah.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

Eric Pickles, the new local government secretary, said he wanted to axe 'the weekly town hall Pravdas' to ensure that a healthy independent local press can scrutinise the work of councils.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2013, Bloomsbury Publishing, Whitaker's Shorts: Five Years in Review, A&C Black ISBN 9781472906168

Clinton did not mention Cernovich, but she attacked Alex Jones, the paranoiac Texas radio host, and Breitbart.com, the Pravda of the alt-right.

2016年October31日，Andrew Marantz，“Trolls for Trump”, in The New Yorker, retrieved 2017-12-02:


Wehrmacht

非同化借詞，源自德語 Wehrmacht。

（纳粹德国的）国防军，纳粹德军

同類詞：Waffen-SS、Schutzstaffel、Sturmabteilung

In the end the Allies battered the Wehrmacht back to the Reich and ended whatever chance the Germans had of escaping their fate.

1996，Robert Doughty，World War II: Total Warfare Around the Globe，Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN，頁 106:


wiki

首次出現於1995年的PC Week。為WikiWikiWeb的縮寫，來自夏威夷語 wikiwiki (“快速的”) + 英語 web。

wikis (third-person singular present)
wikiing (present participle)
wikied (past participle)

I tore through his collection wikiing any plot points that I missed learning the importance of the players of the DC universe

2008年December1日，GeekDad，“Son of a Geek: Comics and Growing Up the DC Way”, in Wired News:

Her English is no better than my Portuguese, but I wikied 'influenza' in Portuguese and it came up with 'gripe'

2009年June18日，Lizz Holmans，“Janus”, in uk.rec.sheds (Usenet):

I did research on the internet and found out so. I “wikied” it.

Blogging, wiki-ing, coding are all activities that generate authorial product.

2006，Deptford Tv，Deptford.TV Diaries，頁 73:

The best way to start wiki-ing is to find an existing wiki (that is, a hosted wiki) and start adding to it.

2007，Dan Woods with Peter Thoeny, Wikis for dummies，頁 17:

For example, blog and wiki software can be used to support all sorts of activities that are not commonly associated with the activities of “blogging” or “wikiing.” This includes activities like sharing syllabi, publishing announcements

2008，Robert E. Cummings with Matt Barton, Wiki writing: collaborative learning in the college classroom，頁 46:

The history of wikied novels isn't pretty (Penguin Books never published the gobbledygook that was "A Million Penguins"), and no one has dared wiki a jazz song.

2009年October19日，“Cooking Consensus: Will Wiki Work in the Kitchen?”, in Time，存檔自the original on 2011-06-04:


Yamato

源自日語 大和 (Yamato)，後者來源不明，但可能和山 (yama) 有關。

When the Guptas were ruling in India and the Tang were ruling in China and the Yamatos were ruling in Japan, no one was ruling in Australia! The people of Australia were nomads.

當笈多在印度統治，唐在中國、大和在日本統治時，沒有人在澳大利亞！澳大利亞的人是游牧民族。

2007，S. Wise Bauer，The Story of the World, History for the Classical Child, →ISBN，頁 90:


Yantai

來自漢語 煙臺／烟台 (Yāntái)的漢語拼音，得名於明朝時期當地奇山上的狼煙塔。

Yen-tai (alternative)
Yen-t’ai (alternative)

煙臺（地級市名，位於中國山東）

It’s the time of early spring in Yantai, the central city on the Shandong Peninsula. The trees are quietly stretching new branches and sprouting fresh green buds, spreading out the turquoise of cyan on the piece of the land.

現在是煙臺，這座山東半島中部城市的早春時節。樹木伸出新枝，吐出嫩芽，在這一帶土地上鋪開一片青色。

2022年May12日，“Yantai, a Fairyland in the Spring Breeze [煙臺，春風中的仙境]”, in EFE，存檔自the original on 2022-07-13:


acceder

[…] lawful covenants, made by the greater part of a society bind the whole, and every future acceder to it,—at least, unless the minority o[f] acceders have, by a proper dissent, diverted the obligation from themselves […]

1780，John Brown，The Absurdity and Perfidy of All Authoritative Toleration of Gross Heresy，Glasgow, Letter 2, p. 128:

He mentions this, not, of course, for readers in general, but for the sake of those daily acceders to the list of the reading public, whose knowledge of books is not yet equal to their love of them.

1835，Leigh Hunt，Captain Sword and Captain Pen，London: Charles Knight, Advertisement，頁 8:


amnesia

來自修改後的拉丁語 amnesia，來自古希臘語 ἀμνησία (amnēsía，“遺忘”)，為μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō，“提醒，記得”)的名詞派生詞，並加上否定前綴。

amm

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

ammie

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

She's lighting up some sensis, he's lighting up amnesias / I'm 'bout to get it started, I'm 'bout to get amnesia'd

2015，Jme （作曲作詞）, “Man Don’t Care” (音軌號 13), in Integrity>，演出者 Jme:


grifo

[…] the smoking in cigarettes or pipes of marihuana or grifo. Its use is as demoralizing as the use of narcotics. Smoking grifo is quite prevalent along the Oregon Short Line Railroad; and Idaho has no law to cope with the use and spread […]

1972，United States. Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse，Marihuana: a Signal of Misunderstanding，頁 484:

The operator was a man who liked to smoke grifo. Just my luck that day, my friend backpack happened to have a good supply of what I needed to sell to him.

2017，Marcelo Mendoza, Robert L. Barnes，El Gato Negro: Escaping Thirteen Deaths，卷 IV，頁 657:


guapo

[…] It’s for the guapo,
can't waste time with the diamonds, I’m tryna git swallow

2020年October10日，“Toot That Sh!t Up”, Kai Bandz 作詞，0:47:


infame

源自拉丁語 īnfāmāre，源自 īnfāmis (“聲名狼藉的”)；比較法語 infamer、意大利語 infamare。參見infamous。

infames (third-person singular present)
infaming (present participle)
infamed (past participle)

破壞……的名譽，使……臭名昭著

sapience, hitherto obscured, infamed

1667，John Milton，“(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband.

莉維亞因毒害丈夫而臭名昭著。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Empire”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:


jefe

借自西班牙語 jefe (“领导人，老板”)，源自古法語 chief，源自拉丁語 caput。chief、chef、caput和head 的同源對似詞。

长官，头子 （有政治影响力的官员，包括警长等，常指拉丁裔或墨西哥裔）

Antonio Rivera Cabezas was chosen vice-jefe in March 1830.

1887，Hubert Howe Bancroft，History of Central America，History Company，頁 153:

before he stepped forward uttering the stereotyped greeting, the Texan had put him down as the jefe or head man....

1898, Southern Pacific Company Passenger Department, Sunset, Sunset Magazines Inc. (1912), pages 313-314

Hilario Saño, a suspect, resident here but much doubted by the jefe local, was put to the test

1900，United States War Department，Annual Reports of the War Department，U.S. Government Printing Office:

“They ain’t going to deliver the cattle across.... They’ve taken too much of a beating as it is. They’ve lost their big jefe and lots of men.”

1982 January，George Durham，Taming the Nueces Strip: The Story of McNelly's Rangers，University of Texas Press，頁 120:

When they were slacking off in the mine, for example, and a jefe arrived unexpectedly, they shouted loro (parrot) or fuego (fire) as warning signals.

1998 June，Thomas Miller Klubock，Contested communities: Class, Gender, and Politics in Chile's El Teniente Copper Mine, 1904-1948，Duke University Press，頁 147:

A jefe in this sense is a mentor, a person who is often a compadre of the migrant.... In any case, a jefe is not a loan shark

2004 December，Jeffrey Harris Cohen，The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico，University of Texas Press:

A jefe in this sense refers to a true boss, the leader of the household, also known as Jose Rico.

2005 May, Monica Rico, EMails that Go Nowhere, Google Mail.


Karachi

借自烏爾都語 کراچی (karācī)和信德語 ڪراچي (karācī)，源自早期的کولاچی (kolācī)，得名自Mai Kolachi。

/kəˈrɑːt͡ʃi/

卡拉奇，喀拉蚩（巴基斯坦最大城市，信德省省會）。

Karachi, colourful buses, colourless buildings, graffitied walls, billboards advertising mobile phones and soft drinks and ice cream, birds circling in the white-hot sky.

卡拉奇，色彩斑斓的公交车、毫无色彩的建筑、涂满涂鸦的墙壁、手机、软饮料和冰淇淋的广告牌、在白热的天空中盘旋的鸟儿。

2017，Kamila Shamsie，Home Fire，Bloomsbury (2018)，頁 208:


manga

源自日語 漫画(まんが) (manga)，來自中古漢語 漫 (中古 manH, “自由，散漫”) + 畫 (中古 hweaH|hweak)。與官話 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)，朝鮮語 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa)同源。最早是葛飾北齋1814年作品之題。manhua 的同源對似詞。

English speakers are quick to notice the at times incorrect use of English in anime and manga. Many English words are customarily used in standard Japanese speech, and sometimes they are pronounced and employed in a manner quite different from their native use.

2001，Gilles Poitras，“What makes anime unique”, in Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know，頁 63:

Manga (Japanese comics) are everywhere. Even here in Auckland. One can find various titles in their original versions as well as in Chinese, Korean and English translations.

2007，Yukako Sunaoshi，“Who reads comics? Manga readership among first-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand”, in Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan，頁 94:

Manga-influenced comics by Western authors are frequently sold alongside manga, although in most bookstores the decision is primarily a matter of format and packaging (i.e., whether the book is printed in the compact manga size or the traditionally larger American comic book format).

2012，Jason Thompson，“Introduction”, in Manga: The Complete Guide，頁 46:


rebato

rabato的另一種寫法

Why do they crown themselves with gold and silver, use coronets and tires of several fashions, deck themselves with pendants, bracelets, ear-rings, chains, girdles, rings, pins, spangles, embroideries, shadows, rebatoes, […]

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:


serenata

More’s the pity, for this work (technically a serenata) is a little gem, and Aulos polished it to a fine luster.

2007年January25日，James R. Oestreich，“The Shepherd, the Sea Nymph and the Big Rock, Abridged”, in New York Times:


sicario

源自西班牙語 sicario。

（多指拉美地区贩毒集团的）杀手

The traffickers created a Frankenstein's monster that gradually slipped out of their control: the sicarios.

1992，Tina Rosenberg，Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America，頁 34:


tubular

就词形分析为tubule + -ar。一般认为义项“很棒的”源自冲浪界行话，指“很棒的”浪是那些像管子一样将冲浪者围起来的浪。

more tubular (comparative)
most tubular (superlative)

It was such a tubular party, Journal! But a few minutes later, I walked up to the Hermosa Beach Pier and left the girls with my things, thinking the totally bitchin' party would continue. But when I got back, they were all gone.

2007，Brian Laesch，The Verge of Psychosis: An Aspiring Actor's Journal:


vincular

See Table 3.2 for a collection of enumerative results related to vincular 3-patterns, as well as for their connections to other combinatorial objects.

2011，Sergey Kitaev，Patterns in Permutations and Words，頁 293:


antipasto

借自意大利語 antipasto (“餐前的[食物]”)。

The antipasto often features fettunta—thin slices of Tuscan bread toasted and salted (the bread itself is unsalted) and perhaps rubbed with garlic (you may prefer to rub it on for yourself, or not if you're due to discuss Uganda or have an interview with Silvio Berlusconi)

2009，Nicholas Belfrage，The Finest Wines of Tuscany and Central Italy, →ISBN，頁 312:


barista

借自意大利語 barista (“調酒師”，字面意思是“咖啡師”)，來自bar（來自英語 bar）+ -ista (“……的人”)；對照barman。

barrista (alternative)
baristas (plural)
baristi (plural)

Barista在意大利語中，可以指男性和女性。對於粗略熟悉意大利語語法的人，初次接觸該詞可能會覺得很女性化，這點在作為其矯枉過正的陽性派生詞baristo的存在得到證實。

"From behind the counter of this provincial train station coffee shop, Joanna was barista and unofficial shrink to wildly varied London-bound travellers," writes author Laline Paull. Confessions of a Barista on Platform 1 was published on February 9 by The Firle Press [...].

2021年March10日，“Stop & Examine”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 70:


barista

barrista (alternative)
baristas (third-person singular present)
barista-ing (present participle)
baristaing (present participle)
baristaed (past participle)

I helped out in the business while I was at school—we all did, whether it was washing up or baristaing or clearing the tables for Dad and washing them down when the shop closed—but this one night I was meant to be working a late shift when I had a chance to play in a concert. […] Are you still OK for another half-hour lesson on baristaing, tonight? […] ‘It’s advanced baristaing—an extra,’ he admitted.

2007，Kate Hardy [pseudonym; Pamela Brooks]，In Bed with Her Italian Boss，Harlequin, →ISBN，頁 24:

Nevertheless, we’ll both be done with barista-ing soon.

2009，Laura Schaefer，The Teashop Girls，Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, →ISBN，頁 220:

We hadn’t exchanged a word since our stupid tiff at TSB—we’d just baristaed side by side in silence, which isn’t easy when your workspace is the size of a broom closet.

2009，Jody Gehrman，Triple Shot Bettys in Love，Dial Books, →ISBN:

If pure chance guided me to glory in the heady world of competitive barista-ing, the rewards came to be measured in frustration.

2011，Andrew Wear，“The Flavor of Choice: Neoliberalism and the Espresso Aesthetic”, in Coffee – Philosophy for Everyone: Grounds for Debate，Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN，頁 163:

But it was crappy of me to steal instead of bartending or barista-ing or temping or something.

2013，K.W. Taylor，“Doomed”, in Sidekicks!，Alliteration Ink, →ISBN，頁 170:

Barista Boy grins and goes back to barista-ing.

2015，Jo Knowles，Read Between the Lines，Candlewick Press, →ISBN，頁 57:

I nodded to Mary, where she was working the frothing machine like she’d been barista-ing for much longer than a month.

2015，Kate Rorick, Rachel Kiley，The Epic Adventures of Lydia Bennet，Touchstone, →ISBN，頁 95:

When she’s not barista-ing, she’s writing scripts for murder mystery dinner events.

2015，Richard Polt，The Typewriter Revolution: A Typist’s Companion for the 21st Century，The Countryman Press, →ISBN:

“How was barista-ing?” “Same as always. A few more burns, a few more tips.”

2016，Cara McKenna，章號 19, in Downtown Devil，InterMix, 出版於 2017, →ISBN:

Somewhere right now, behind the counter at a McDonald’s or delivering pizza for Domino’s or barista-ing at Starbucks, there may be a guy with a gaggle of fantastic ideas for screenplays, Broadway shows, computer software, or, yeah, even healthcare!

2017，Ken Davenport，How to Succeed in the Arts…Or in Anything，Davenport Theatrical Enterprises, Inc., →ISBN，頁 44:

Because I can’t fight crime every day, I spent Tuesday and Wednesday doing what I get paid for: barista-ing.

2018，Kirsten Weiss，章號 15, in Witch: A Doyle Witch Cozy Mystery, →ISBN:

Actually I hear nothing but orders, shouts of / disembodied names / disembodied people / Barista-ing, hard on the legs

2019，Arthur Smyth，Duet Quartet，Xlibris, →ISBN，頁 34:

It’s easy—I turn out to be a sort of savant at barista-ing. […] Between customers I instruct her in the fine art of barista-ing.

2020，Jan Gallagher，Double Latte Death，Xlibris, →ISBN:

Along the halls, stories were muttered of graduates turned down from barista-ing, pool attending, dishwashing.

2020，Rowan Hisayo Buchanan，Starling Days，The Overlook Press, →ISBN:

But after X times of harassing him, he’d caved and admitted he only got 11 pages in before bowing out. This right after I’d finished trying to walk across country. Failing to. Back home barista-ing. Renting a room out of my high school home.

2022，Sean Thor Conroe，Fuccboi，Little, Brown and Company, 出版於 2023, →ISBN:

My first child was three by that time and I’d given up acting (okay, fine … barista-ing) to become a housewife and mother.

2023，Kira Davis，“Critical Race Theory (Here Goes Nothin’)”, in Drawing Lines: Why Conservatives Must Begin to Battle Fiercely in the Arena of Ideas，Fidelis Publishing, →ISBN:

Raisa is long gone baristaing to the early workers of Spitalfields by the time Amon Brightbourne wakes from white sleep.

2023，Ian McDonald，章號 11, in Hopeland，Tor Books, →ISBN:


MRI

MRIs (third-person singular present)
MRIing (present participle)
MRIed (past participle)

When the delirium stopped and it was safe to take Versed, her doctors doped her up and she managed to endure the MRI, on condition that I remain with her all the time. They MRIed her skull for thirty minutes, and two days later MRIed her spine for an hour.

2005，Donald Hall，The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon，Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN，頁s 99–100:

Remarkably, no one to that point had suggested MRIing my leg, which is where my pain actually was. Everyone surmised that the issue was really in my back. Dr. Smith scheduled an MRI for that very day.

2014，Mark Herzlich，What It Takes: Fighting For My Life and My Love of the Game，New York, NY: New American Library, →ISBN，頁 74:


soffritto

借自意大利語 soffritto (字面意思是“用文火煎、炸的”)。

/səˈfɹiːtəʊ/

/səʊˈfɹiːtəʊ/

mirepoix

索夫利特醬，西班牙、義大利、葡萄牙與拉丁美洲料理中的一種底醬

索夫利特醬，西班牙、義大利、葡萄牙與拉丁美洲料理中的一種底醬

同類詞：sofrito

Most European cultures use a patiently chopped, heated and stirred vegetable mixture, such as a mirepoix or soffritto, always including members of the onion family, and Pollan explores the chemistry of these, as well as their adaptive value.

2013年May22日，Paul Levy，“Cooked: A Natural History of Transformation by Michael Pollan – review”, in The Guardian:


frittata

The classic Italian egg pie, the frittata is an attractive dish that requires no fancy rolling or split-second timing... Much of the preparation for most frittate can be done in advance[.]

1998，Mark Bittman，How to Cook Everything，頁 740:


stagione

借自意大利語 stagione (“季節”)。station 的同源對似詞。

一种歌剧演出系统，每部剧目单独演出，演出时间短但密集

Again, for New York to have a stagione house is an interesting departure.

2008年June4日，Anthony Tommasini，“In Charting Its Future, City Opera Chooses an Adventurous Path”, in New York Times:


stufa

借自意大利語 stufa (“爐子”)。stove 的同源對似詞。

At its source is the still active stufa known as Acqua Castiglione al mare, the water of which has a temperature of from 160° to 170°F.

1875，“The Geological Magazine Or Monthly Journal of Geology”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):


tamburello

幾種類似壁球或網球的義大利球類運動之一，球員用類似手鼓的工具擊球

Exhibition tamburello matches were then arranged with British and local American athletes as charity fund-raisers […]

2013，Gerald R. Gems，Sport and the Shaping of Italian-American Identity，頁 2:


insider trading

內線交易，內幕交易，內部交易

Wall Street wants repeal of the provisions for penalizing executives (and large stockholders) who trade in their company's securities. It claims that publicity on such "insider" trading is enough.

华尔街希望废除对交易公司证券的高管（和大股东）进行处罚的规定。它声称，公开此类“内幕”交易就足够了。

1942年February9日，“Back to Philadelphia”, in Time:

The aim of insider trading law is simple: prohibit people from profiting from advance knowledge of a stock-moving event—be it a merger, an earnings warning or a soon-to-be-published news story.

内幕交易法的目的很简单：禁止人们利用对股票波动事件的提前了解来获利——无论是合并、盈利预警还是即将发布的新闻报道。

2003年June5日，Jake Ulick，“Insider trading: A primer”, in CNNMoney.com, retrieved 2008-10-25:


venti

原始印歐語詞
 *dwóh₁
借自意大利語 venti (“二十[盎司]”)。

比 grande 更大杯的咖啡，通常為 20 盎司

"They always order ventis," a cashier said brightly, "and are great tippers."

2002年July14日，Judith Matloff，“Whose Neighborhood?”, in The New York Times，頁 3:


deo

Some men complain their deos don't work after regular use. Your underarm area can build up immunity to the same product. Alternating two deos can give you total protection.

2005, Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa (issues 687-694, page 32)

He brandishes a can of deodorant (deo) spray as he says this, grinning all the time. 'I started using this about two years ago. I didn't realise deos can be so useful in controlling sweating and keeping me feeling fresh. […]

2014，Damodar Mall，Supermarketwala: Secrets To Winning Consumer India:

'Maybe it's a teeny bit embarrassing, but seeing that we're good friends, Jabłonovska, don't you use any deo?' 'Any what?' 'Deo. Deodorant.' She pronounced the final T sharply and distinctly.


shaka

來源不確定。Shaka在夏威夷語中不是一個詞，夏威夷語中沒有/ʃ/的音。

這手勢在夏威夷衝浪文化與南美流行。

沙卡手勢：源於夏威夷互相打招呼示好的手勢

Greet someone with the slang, “Howzit?” and say goodbye with a flash of the “shaka” sign (fist closed, thumb and pinky extended) and you have established your credibility with Hawaii natives.

2008年August10日，“Obama: At Home in the Islands”, in New York Times:

US President-elect Obama flashes the 'shaka' before he greets a crowd […]


unca

That's from the poem of the legend of Kubla Kahn's palace in the lost valley of Xanadu! Alph was the river in the legend! Unca Scrooge, this is the road to Xanadu!

1991，Don Rosa，“Return to Xanadu”, in Uncle Scrooge，卷s 261-262，頁 5:


abolish

来自晚期中古英語 abolisshen，来自中古法語 abolir，aboliss-（引申词干），来自拉丁語 abolēre (“阻碍，减缓，〈引〉破壞，廢除”)，表始動詞abolēscere (“枯萎，消失，（古典）停止”)，可能来自ab (“自，離，遠離”) + *olēre (“增加，增長”)，后者只见于复合词。

abolishes (third-person singular present)
abolishing (present participle)
abolished (past participle)
abolisht (past participle)

Slavery was abolished in the nineteenth century.

奴隸制在19世紀被廢除。

2002，William Schabas，The abolition of the death penalty in international law，Cambridge University Press, title:


abominate

首次記錄於1644年。可能自abomination 的逆構詞。或者，派生自晚期拉丁語 abōminātus，abōminarī (“貶低為不祥之兆”) 的過去分詞，源自ab + ominari (“預示、預兆”)，源自omen。

abominates (third-person singular present)
abominating (present participle)
abominated (past participle)

/əˈbɒm.əˌnəɪt/

/əˈbɒm.ɪˌnəɪt/

abhor

極度憎恨、厭惡、鄙棄 （首次記錄於17世紀中期）

極度憎恨、厭惡、鄙棄 （首次記錄於17世紀中期）

"Much as I abominate writing, I would not give up Mr. Collins's correspondence for any consideration."

“我平常虽然最讨厌写信，可是我无论如何也不愿和柯林斯断绝书信往来。”


about-turn

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-about-turn.wav

（思想、觀點等）徹底改變（首見於20世紀中期）

A sell-out crowd of 10,000 then observed perfectly a period of silence before the team revealed their black armbands, complete with stitched-in poppies, for the match. After Fifa’s about-turn, it must have been a frantic few days for the England kit manufacturer. The on-field challenge was altogether more straightforward.

2011年November10日，Jeremy Wilson，“England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

When Francis visited Chile in 2018, he dismissed the protesters and accused them of “calumny” in the full gaze of the world’s press. It caused the head of the Vatican’s own sex abuse commission to rebuke his boss publicly. Back in Rome, Francis responded by dispatching an envoy to look into the case. When his report came back siding with the protesters, Francis did a swift about-turn and described what he said on his visit to Chile as “the lowest moment” of his papacy.

2025年April21日，Peter Stanford，“Pope Francis obituary”, in The Guardian:


abracadabra

源自晚期拉丁語 abracadabra，在魔咒中使用，其词源不详。有人认为其与Abraxas (一个诺斯替教的神祇)以及多个阿拉姆语或希伯来语词עַבְרָא כְּדַבְרָא (avra kedavra，字面意思是“所说的已经发生了”)、עַבְדָא כְּדַבְרָא (avda kedavara，字面意思是“所说的已经做了”); אַרְבַּע־אֶחַד־אַרְבַּע (arba-eḥad-arba，字面意思是“四一四”)有关，但无证据能佐证该说法。

/ˌæ.bɹə.kəˈdæ.bɹə/

阿布拉卡达布拉 （一种魔咒，或使用该魔咒的魔术） （自16世纪）

Where is the necessity of this provision in the Constitution? […] Can anyone believe that we, by any amendments of ours, by any of our scribbling on that parchment, by any amulet, any legerdemain—charm—Abrecadabra—of ours can prevent our sons from doing the same thing—that is, from doing as they please, just as we are doing as we please? It is impossible. Who can bind posterity?

1851，Hugh A. Garland，引 John Randolph of Roanoke, “The Virginia Convention—Every Change is Not Reform”, in The Life of John Randolph of Roanoke，卷 II, New York: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC，頁 329:

With a quiet bank holiday afternoon to fill, the Mill yesterday dug out the old magic kit, brushed the cobwebs off its top hat and practiced a few abracadabras.

胡言乱语；深奥难懂的话 （自19世纪）

I don’t know all the theoretical abracadabra about how it works, I’m only its pilot.

我不懂那些乱七八糟的原理，我只是个驾驶员。

Astrology was not specifically banned in the statutes against witchcraft, but so long as its technicalities remained abracadabra to the lay public there was always a risk that the practitioner might find himself arrested for sorcery.

1971，Keith Thomas，Religion and the Decline of Magic，Folio Society 2012，頁 335:


abracadabra

/ˌæ.bɹə.kəˈdæ.bɹə/

hey presto

阿布拉卡达布拉 （魔咒，魔术或幻术表演时使用） （自19世纪）

阿布拉卡达布拉 （魔咒，魔术或幻术表演时使用） （自19世纪）

Next, the conjuror filled a glass with water from a big jug and then covered the tumbler with a cloth. "Abracadabra," he cried and crumpled the cloth.

1971，Richard Carpenter，Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac，Harmondsworth: Puffin Books，頁 49:


absconder

潛逃者，逃亡者 （首次記錄於17世紀末。）

[…] unless such an Act of Grace do reach insolvent Absconders, who to shun the Cruelty of their severe Creditors confine themselves out of their Reach, ’tis humbly conceived, ’twill be but half an Act of Grace.

1696，Considerations upon the Bill for the Relief of Poor Prisoners,:

What else could it all mean but that Mr. Robert Weymouth was an absconder—was about to fly with the bank’s remaining funds […]

除了羅伯特·韋茅斯先生是一名潛逃者之外，這一切還能意味著什麼——即將帶著銀行剩餘的資金逃走 […]

1909，O. Henry，“The Guardian of the Accolade”, in Roads of Destiny，Doubleday Page，頁 33:

Steve and I sneaked immediately, like beaten curs, like cowards, like absconders from justice.

史蒂夫和我立刻偷偷溜走，像被打敗的野狗，像膽小鬼，像逃避正義的潛逃者。

1910，Jack London，“That Spot”, in Lost Face，New York: Macmillan，頁 112:

He smiled at the view over the hedge, at the other front gardens, at the approaching Rover and then its driver, squinting in a rictus of his own against the evening sun, and making Paul feel again like an intruder, or now perhaps an absconder.

他微笑著看著樹籬上的景色，看著前面的另一個花園，看著駛來的荒原路華，然後是它的司機，在傍晚的陽光下瞇著眼睛，讓保羅再次感覺自己像一個入侵者，或者現在可能是個潛逃者。

2011，Alan Hollinghurst，The Stranger’s Child，Knopf Canada, Part Three, Chapter 1:


abseiling

He pictured the abseiling, literally a flight down the mountain on the doubled cord of his long rope, and he thought that those hours speeding down the cliffs would be the finest of his life.

Greenpeace offers its supporters the chance to fund brave and glamorous adventures (inflatables pitted against whalers; abseilings against smokestacks), and in exchange to wear something very like the medieval pilgrim's token: to put a rainbow sticker in their car windows.

Moderate ravines, with some drops requiring rope or prolonged swims, include Oscuros de Balce/s, Estrechos de Balce/s and Gorgoncho/n, all close to Bierge, while experts-only abysses above Rodellar include Gorgas Negras, Otin and Mascu/n Superior, all involving thirty-metre abseilings and strenuous clambering.

2004，Marc Dubin，The Rough Guide to the Pyrenees, →ISBN，頁 464:

Between that and the abseiling, I think I left enough skin behind on those rocks to cover an entire second person.

2013，Marie Brennan，A Natural History of Dragons: A Memoir by Lady Trent, →ISBN，頁 242:


abysmal

more abysmal (comparative)
most abysmal (superlative)

unending

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

profound

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

fathomless

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

immeasurable

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

Robben curled an effort against the foot of the post from the edge of the box after being gifted the ball by an abysmal clearance from keeper Stephan Andersen。

2012年June9日，Owen Phillips，“Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport:


academe

借自新拉丁語 academia，派生自古希臘語 Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía)；academy 的同源對似詞。Academe 是古雅典附近的花園或樹林的名稱，柏拉圖曾在此講學；據說以其前主人阿卡德摩斯（Ἀκάδημος／Ἑκάδημος，希臘神話中一位阿提卡英雄）命名。

academy

學會 （自16世紀晚期）

academia

學術生活、環境或社群 （自19世紀中期）

pedant

高等院校的高級教職員工；學究 （自20世紀中）

學會 （自16世紀晚期）

Navarre shall be the wonder of the world; / Our court shall be a little Academe,/ Still and contemplative in living art.

1603，William Shakespeare，Love's Labour's Lost:

學術生活、環境或社群 （自19世紀中期）

His father expected him to enter the government or a major corporation upon graduation from the university, but Noboru Wataya chose to remain in academe and become a scholar.

1997，Haruki Murakami，譯者 Jay Rubin, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle，New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; 再版 New York: Vintage Books, 1998, →ISBN，頁 74:


accelerated

more accelerated (comparative)
most accelerated (superlative)

加速的，比平常移動或進展得更快的

The requirement that students read textual materials before their first class is probably more important for accelerated than intensive courses, but it is relevant for both.

2010，Raymond J. Wlodkowski, Margery B. Ginsberg，Teaching Intensive and Accelerated Courses: Instruction that Motivates Learning, →ISBN，頁 9:

OMB's November 15 deadline for the PAR submission is earlier than the statutory deadline. OMB's recent memorandum to agency heads on the subject made this accelerated deadline permanent

2006，David M. Walker，Performance Budgeting: PART Focuses Attention on Program Performance, But More Can Be Done to Engage Congress, →ISBN，頁 41:


accountable

more accountable (comparative)
most accountable (superlative)

Every man is accountable to God for his conduct.

You will be held accountable for your misdemeanors.

"Because the railway is economically and socially vital, it receives large amounts of public money and must therefore ultimately be accountable to government. [...]

2020年April22日，Philip Haigh，“Labour's blueprint for the future of Britain's railways”, in Rail，頁 28:

True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege.

1703，Benjamin Whichcote，Moral and Religious Aphorisms:


acerbic

17世纪起可考，源自拉丁語 acerbus (“酸的，苦的”)。

more acerbic (comparative)
most acerbic (superlative)

Those consumers who object to the acerbic taste of garlic can purchase de-odorized garlic or allicin extract.

1998年August5日，Dr. Peter Gott，“Can inhaler cause addiction?”, in Catoosa County News, retrieved 2009-09-19:

Supercompetent, superconfident and supercritical, Schmidt is a gifted orator whose acerbic wit earned him the nickname "Schmidt the Lip."

1986年September22日，“West Germany: Last Taunts From the Lip”, in Time, retrieved 2014-04-25:

[H]e is one of the most acerbic people in his field, quick to take offense and not shy about telling people with whom he disagrees how much he thinks they have failed in thought and action.

2005年May5日，Jay Mathews，“Don't Fire This Professor”, in Washington Post，頁 T6:


pimenta

The pimenta trees grow spontaneously, and in great abundance, in many parts of Jamaica, but more particularly on hilly situations near the sea, on the northern side of that island[…]

在牙买加的许多地方，特别是在该岛北侧靠近大海的丘陵地区，自然生长着多香果树，而且数量非常之多 […]

1814，John Lunan，Hortus jamaicensis，頁 67:


submeter

分錶，副錶（尤用於電錶）

Proponents say residential submeters encourage tenants to reduce their energy consumption by making households that never had to worry about electricity costs take financial responsibility for the power they use.

支持者表示，住宅分表可以让那些从来不用担心电费的家庭承担起自己用电的经济责任，从而鼓励住户减少能源消耗。

2009年February15日，Manny Fernandez，“State Freezes Plan to Have Tenants Pay Electric Bills”, in New York Times:


submeter

submeters (third-person singular present)
submetering (present participle)
submetered (past participle)

“The submetering program is intended to help conserve energy, which is something that we remain committed to,” he said.

他说： “分表安装计划旨在帮助节约能源，这是我们一直致力于做的事情。”


taciturn

taciturnity 的逆構詞，源自中古英語 taciturnite，源自拉丁語 taciturnitas；或者，源自法語 taciturne，得到了拉丁語 taciturnus的增强，源自tacitus (“秘密的，缄默的”)。

more taciturn (comparative)
most taciturn (superlative)

The two sisters could hardly have been more different, one so boisterous and expressive, the other so taciturn and calm.

两姐妹简直天差地别，一个又吵闹又有表现力，另一个显得沉默寡言而文静。

We are each of an unsocial, taciturn disposition, unwilling to speak, unless we expect to say something that will amaze the whole room, and be handed down to posterity with all the eclat of a proverb.

1813，Jane Austen，Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 18:

We spent a lot of time up on the staging of the great furnaces, trying to pick up the tricks of the trade from the taciturn furnacemen who sat around placidly smoking, or chewing twist, and occasionally throwing in more pig iron to the molten white-hot metal.

1945 January and February，A Former Pupil，“Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine，頁 14:


straddle

作动词时，自16世纪60年代起可考。很可能是方言词striddle的变换形式。名词自17世纪10年代起可考。

straddles (third-person singular present)
straddling (present participle)
straddled (past participle)

As they approached the entrance of the port, the giant straddled clear across it, with a foot firmly planted on each headland,

The mountain-ringed Yukon Flats basin straddles the Arctic Circle and is bisected by the Yukon River.


recommencer

Sir Frederic Morton Eden has defended the peace too well for the recommencers of hostile practices.

1803，The Annual Review and History of Literature，卷 1，頁 257:


schadenfreude

非同化借詞，源自德語 Schadenfreude (“幸灾乐祸”)，源自Schaden (“伤害；损失”) + Freude (“快乐”)。本词在20世纪末叶在英语中普及开来，可能是在《辛普森一家》的影响下进入主流。

/ˈʃɑː.dən.fɹɔɪ.də/

/ˈʃɑː.dən.fɹɔɪd/

But it is Schadenfreude, a mischievous delight in the misfortunes of others, which remains the worst trait in human nature.

1897，“Human Nature”, in Thomas Bailey Saunders（譯者）, The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer，根據Arthur Schopenhauer原著改編的翻譯作品:

:Template:seeMoreCites


working girl

It was still September / When your daddy was quite surprised / To find you with the working girls / In the county jail

1973，Donald Fagen, Walter Becker （作曲作詞）, “My Old School”, in Countdown to Ecstasy，演出者 Steely Dan:


sexual intercourse

The yogi hopes to gain the universal feminine of Shakti by giving up sexual intercourse; he offers up his phallus in celibacy.

1981，William Irwin Thompson，The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture，London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co.，頁 129:

Mosher et al (2005)，源自the NSFG for 2002, reported on the percentage of each age group who had experienced oral sex but not sexual intercourse.

2009，John Bancroft，Human Sexuality and Its Problems，頁 197:


abe

Let it abe, I say.

1839, The New Monthly Magazine, volume 1, page 527:

But if it amuses her I let it abe.

1864，Charles Dickens，Household Words，頁 186:

But let that abe.

1885，Charles Gibbon，Heart's Delight，頁 154:


nudiustertian

借自拉丁語 nudius tertius，源自短語 nunc dies tertius est (“现在是第三天”)。此詞為納撒尼爾·沃德 (1578–1652) 於《The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America》（1647）中所造。

One of the best Chocolate gateau^([sic，意為gateaux]) I have ever had! And I just had it nudiustertian afternoon.

2015年April14日，“Jet”，“Jamaica Blue”, in Brewtiful Coffee (blog)，存檔自the original on 2016-04-10:

Nudiustertian – adjective Definition: Want a new way to mention something that happened on Wednesday – the day before yesterday? Here you go. Example: “I shared some corned beef hash that nudiustertian morning.”

2015年August21日，“Jaffe Morning Briefing”, in NJTV，存檔自the original on 2015-09-06:


son of a bitch

变换自以中古英語 biche-sone (“荡妇的儿子”)、古諾爾斯語 bikkju-sonr (“荡妇的儿子”)为代表的早期短语。

sons of bitches (plural)
sons of a bitch (plural)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-son of a bitch.ogg

王八蛋，狗娘养的，龟儿子

My mother never saw the irony in calling me a son of a bitch.

我妈从来没有意识到叫我狗娘养的意味着什么。

There's that snarling cur, and son of a Bitch Boccaline.

1685，John Eachard，The grounds & occasions of the contempt of the clergy and religion enquired into，第9th版, London，頁 252:

He had the insolence obliquely to give me the name of Son of a Bitch.

他竟然还傲慢地间接骂了我“王八蛋”。

1691，Thomas Shadwell，The Humorists, a Comedy，London，頁 22:

[…] Count Davia, like a Son of a Bitch as he is, Chop'd upon mine and the Duke of Mantuu's Equipage, and rubb'd off with our Plate, Jewels, and other Knicknacks of Inestimable Value.

1703，Thomas Brown，Letters from the living to the living, relating to the present transactions both Publick and Private，頁 105:

But ya ought to thank me, before I die / For the gravel in ya guts and the spit in ya eye / Because I'm the son-of-a-bitch that named you Sue

1969，Shel Silverstein （作曲作詞）, “A Boy Named Sue”, 演出者 Johnny Cash:


tri-V

能夠記錄或顯示三維視訊的系統。

能夠記錄或顯示三維視訊的系統。

No, the slightest imbalance there would have alarms flashing all over the room. Probably it was the fact that he knew the threedee was a little out of whack.

1969，Dave Van Arnam，Starmind，New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books，頁 14:

A man Ellaby's own size was sitting there, viewing a 3D. When he heard Ellaby at the door he got up.

1955 January，Martin Lesser，“The Dictator”, in Imagination，卷 6, 號 1，頁 85:


amiss

more amiss (comparative)
most amiss (superlative)

He suspected something was amiss.

Something amiss in the arrangements had distracted the staff.

His wisdom and virtue cannot always rectify that which is amiss in himself or his circumstances.

1722，William Wollaston，The Religion of Nature Delineated:

Moreover, all were furnished with carbines and cartridge boxes, and the leader was armed with a sabre with a leather sheath. This was not so much amiss, and would do very well at a distance: but during the two hours' halt at the village aforesaid, I took it into my head, while the owners were enjoying their siesta under the shade of the gateway, just to stride in among them, and take a nearer inspection of the weapons.

1836，Charles Joseph La Trobe，The Rambler in Mexico:

There is a strong feeling across the land that something is amiss in America. You sometimes hear about these feelings when people discuss their concerns about how the baby boom generation is going to bankrupt our social security or Medicare programs, or about the growing size of the national debt that will be paid for by future generations.

2009，Robert Perrucci, Carolyn Cummings Perrucci，America at Risk: The Crisis of Hope, Trust, and Caring:


amiss

We shall not do amiss to notice, also, that in ordinary conversation, a few words are used as Turkish singulars, which are, in reality, Arabic plurals; but this is not correct in writing.

1856，J. W. Redhouse，An English and Turkish Dictionary，頁 xxvi:

Then Hrefna said she would coif herself with it, and Thurid said she had better, and Hrefna did so. When Kalf saw that he gave her to understand that she had done amiss; and bade her take it off at her swiftest. "For that is the one thing that we, Kjartan and I, do not own in common."

1899, The Laxdaela Saga (translated by Muriel A. C. Press) Chapter 44


amiss

Now by my head (said Guyon) much I muse, / How that same knight should do so foule amis[…]。

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto I”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Yet Love, thou'rt blinder then thy self in this, / To vex my Dove-like friend for my amiss[…]。


Shangri-la

He couldn't believe it when he'd discovered there actually was a town called Bedford Falls. It seemed like fans of the film had all collected there to live out their lives in a self-created 1940s American Shangri-la.

1989，Grant Naylor [i.e., Rob Grant and Doug Naylor]，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers，London: Penguin Books, →ISBN:

Tiki Style was forged in the business of bars and restaurants and celebrated in backyard luaus and at theme parks like Disneyland and roadside attractions such as Tiki Gardens. As these ersatz Shangri-las competed to outdo each other with the latest tropical-inspired styles, the popularity of the neighborhood Tiki lounge soared.

2004，Otto von Stroheim，“Introduction”, in Tiki Art Now!: A Volcanic Eruption of Art，San Francisco, Calif.: Last Gasp of San Francisco; The Shooting Gallery, →ISBN，頁 8:


alongside

/əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/

/əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/

/əˌlɑŋˈsaɪd/

/əˈlɑŋˌsaɪd/

/əˌlɔŋˈsɑɪd/

The nurse worked alongside the doctor.

The Italian opted for Bolton's Cahill alongside captain John Terry - and his decision was rewarded with a goal after only 13 minutes. Bulgaria gave a hint of defensive frailties to come when they failed to clear Young's corner, and when Gareth Barry found Cahill in the box he applied the finish past Nikolay Mihaylov。

2011年September2日，Phil McNulty，“Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Gatwick, on the other hand, is alongside the Brighton main line, with rail services both to the north (City and West End) and south.

2019 October，John Glover，“Heathrow rail expansion”, in Modern Railways，頁 71:


Chinglish

And as Global English evolves through the twenty-first century, Chinglish will, undoubtedly, continue to have a sizable impact.

随着全球英语在 21 世纪的发展，中式英语无疑将继续产生巨大影响。

2008，Paul J.J. Payack，A Million Words And Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting The World, →ISBN:

Andrea acknowledged that she spoke Chinglish, that she hated her accent, and that learners needed a comprehensible teacher voice in the classroom.

Andrea 承认自己说的是中式英语，她讨厌自己的口音，而且学习者需要在课堂上听到教师能听懂的声音。

2010，Janette Ryan, Gordon Slethaug，International Education and the Chinese Learner, →ISBN，頁 146:

You will see signs written in Chinglish all over China. These signs are usually amusing to English-speaking westerners because they often make no sense, or the translation is inappropriately sexual in content.

在中国，你随处可见用中式英语书写的标语。这些标语通常会让说英语的西方人感到好笑，因为它们往往毫无意义，或者翻译成不恰当的性爱内容。

2011，Jean M. Life，LIFE IN CHINA: My Story, →ISBN，頁 204:

The same can be said about the speakers of Teochiu, Hokkien, Hakka, and Cantonese and Hailam in Southeast Asia, Cantonese in Hong Kong, and all the different topolect speakers and Chinglish or pidgin speakers in the United States.

在东南亚，讲潮州话、福建话、客家话、粤语和海拉姆语的人，在香港，讲粤语的人，以及在美国讲各种方言和中式英语或皮钦语的人，都是如此。

2012，Shu-mei Shih，Sinophone Studies: A Critical Reader, →ISBN，頁 32:


Asia-Pacific

If current trends continue, according to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, by 2020 the Chinese could have more than 350 submarines and missile-equipped surface ships in the Asia-Pacific. By contrast, the U.S. Navy projects that it will have 67 submarines and surface ships “stationed in or forward deployed to” the Asia-Pacific by 2020.

2015，Dick Cheney，Liz Cheney，Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America，Threshold Editions, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 222:


Arsenal players protested about the free-kick awarded against Laurent Koscielny for a foul on Crouch but they failed to defend it properly, losing three 50-50s in their own box as the visitors restored parity.

2011年October23日，Jefferson Lake，“Arsenal 3 - 1 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:


stratagem

源自中古英語 stratageme，源自古法語 stratageme，源自拉丁語 strategema，源自古希臘語 στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma，“将军的行为，指挥作战”)，源自στρατηγέω (stratēgéō，“当将军；统率军队”)，源自στρατηγός (stratēgós，“将军；军队首脑”)。见strategy。

She will not yet be permitted to return to the Manor House: it is too convenient for 'treasons, stratagems,' &c.; and it is as well not to be put in the way of temptation: but she will be allowed perfect liberty in London.

1837，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，“A Friend at Court”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 265:

While Collins does include a love triangle, a coming-of-age story, and other YA-friendly elements in the mix, they serve as a Trojan horse to smuggle readers into a hopeless world where love becomes a stratagem and growing up is a matter of basic survival.

2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/:


Zorro

來自西班牙語 zorro (“狐狸”)。

I told her about the Z found etched in Hector Peña's blood and my theory that the killer may indeed picture himself or herself as some kind of avenger, a modern-day Zorro with a twist.

1999，Kate Calloway，6th sense: a Cassidy James mystery:

[…] he made himself visible at certain crucial and dramatic moments, like a kind of Zorro of the ecodefense movement.

2000，T Coraghessan Boyle，A Friend of the Earth:

You are a real Zorro. You ride in, rescue the fair damsel (Maartje), start massive fires and vanish — until the next perceived injustice.

2006，Bob Onan，Taming Storm Surges: When Ecology, Engineering And Faith Meet:


telepathy

Gerwin Schalk and Anthony Ritaccio, at the Albany Medical Center, are working under a multimillion-dollar grant from the U.S. military to design and develop devices that enable soldiers to communicate telepathically. Although this seems like something out of a science fiction story, the Pentagon believes that these so-called telepathy helmets are sufficiently feasible that it is devoting more than $6 million to the project. The target date for completion of the prototype device is 2017.

2013，Al Gore，The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 239:


flabbergasted

more flabbergasted (comparative)
most flabbergasted (superlative)

He was flabbergasted at how much weight he had gained.

他對體重增加的幅度感到非常吃驚。

Maxwell made a lunge at his flabbergasted guest, who ducked just in time to escape the great hands reaching for him.

麥克斯韋向他目瞪口呆的客人猛撲過去，客人及時躲開，躲開了伸向他的大手。

1952，Agnes Morley Cleaveland.，Satan's Paradise: from Lucien Maxwell to Fred Lambert，Houghton-Mifflin:

From behind her paper, she was flabbergasted to see a neatly dressed man helping himself to her cookies.

從報紙後面，她看到一個衣著整潔的男人正吃著她的餅乾，這讓她'大吃一驚。

2008，Dutch Sheets，Watchman Prayer: Keeping the Enemy Out While Protecting Your Family, Home，Gospel Light，頁 57:


all-around

He is said to be a greater hunter and an all around sport.

1909，Horace A. Taylor，Tales of Travel All Around the World，頁 149:

If you want to polish your reputation as an all-around digital photographer, plan on developing at least a modicum of skill with a decent image editing program.

2004，David D. Busch，Digital Photography All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies，頁 15:

But it was as an all-around performer that Gill established his reputation.

2005，Frank Zarnowski，All-around Men: Heroes of a Forgotten Sport，頁 98:

While Willie Mays's famous catch off the bat of Vic Wertz and Dusty Rhodes's clutch hitting are what fans remember most about the 1954 World Series, Thompson was easily the all-around best in those four games.

1994，Larry Moffi，Crossing the Line: Black Major Leaguers, 1947-1959，頁 18:

Children must be given the opportunity to communicate in an all-around way, using language, drawing, music, drama, play, etc. (hence the expression "a child has a hundred languages").

2009，Ole Fredrik Lillemyr，Taking Play Seriously，頁 67:

As mentioned above, the construction of modern population culture is an important and difficult task toward realizing the goal of population development for building a well-off society in an all-around way.

2014，Xueyuan Tian，The Hope of the Country with a Large Population:


all-around

an all-around better player than me

Vacation with pay, annual passes, and all around better working conditions.

1911，The Railroad Telegrapher，卷 28，頁 1730:

In addition, be sure to reinforce - as persistently as possible - that addressing questionable behavior makes for an all-around better organization.

2005，Christopher Bauer，Better Ethics Now: How to Avoid the Ethics Disaster You Never Saw Coming:

He graduated from the Police Academy in 1957 winning the Police Commissioner's Trophy for all around highest scores-academically, physically, and for firearm proficiency.

2010，Anne T. Romano，Italian Americans in Law Enforcement，頁 84:

Collectively, the three sections in this chapter are intended to add to what has gone before regarding personal behavior and to serve as additional food for thought for those attempting to be all-around better people.

2013，Holland E. Bynam，On Being a Better You，頁 26:


amphibious

源自古希臘語 ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios)。源自ἀμφί (amphí) + βίος (bíos，“生命”)。

an amphibious vehicle

an amphibious attack

Most Dutch cities began on a terp or artificial mound to which the prehistoric amphibious folk rushed for refuge when floods rolled in.

Taiwan’s navy has taken delivery of a new, domestically made amphibious warfare ship that can be used to land troops and bolster supply lines to vulnerable islands, part of a push by Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen to achieve defence self-sufficiency.

2022年September30日，“Taiwan adds new amphibious warfare ship to defence inventory”, in Al Jazeera，存檔自the original on 2022-09-30:


ice-cold

來自中古英語 *is-cold，來自古英語 īsċeald，對應ice + cold。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 ieskoold (“冰冷”)、西弗里斯蘭語 iiskâld (“冰冷”)、荷蘭語 ijskoud (“冰冷”)、南非語 yskoud (“冰冷”)、德國低地德語 ieskold (“冰冷”)、德語 eiskalt (“冰冷”)、丹麥語 iskold (“冰冷”)、瑞典語 iskall (“冰冷”)、挪威語 iskald (“冰冷”)、法羅語 ísakaldur (“冰冷”)、冰島語 ískaldur (“冰冷”)同源。

more ice-cold (comparative)
most ice-cold (superlative)

When Tripp holds his red soda like it’s an ice-cold beer, it probably isn’t actually Mountain Dew Code Red, but it might as well be.

2017年January12日，Jesse Hassenger，“A literal monster truck is far from the stupidest thing about Monster Trucks”, in The Onion AV Club:

Now I'm sitting here
Sipping on my ice-cold beer
Lazing on a sunny afternoon.


sleigh

源自現代荷蘭語 slee，源自中古荷蘭語 slede，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *slidô。sled 的同源對似詞，與 slide 也有較遠的親緣關係。

雪橇 (對比較小的“sled”)

Santa travels in a sleigh.

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

1958年，有报道称“连续第四年，伦敦南部四座车站的工作人员联合起来装饰佩克汉姆黑麦车站的售票大厅”。他们在车站周围布置了耶稣诞生场景、圣诞老人模型和哈士奇拉的雪橇，还摆放了圣诞树。

2023年December27日，David Turner，“Silent lines...”, in RAIL，期 999，頁 29:


Chernobyl

借自俄語 Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ)。

/tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/

/tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/

乌克兰人建议使用“Chornobyl”而不是“Chernobyl”。前者是该地点的乌克兰语名称，而后者来自俄语，被视为支持俄罗斯民族主义。

切爾諾貝利，車諾比（廢棄城市名，位於烏克蘭西北）

A couple of oil shocks, a Chernobyl meltdown, and a Gulf War later, his basic message - the need to emphasize efficiency and renewable resources over oil and nuclear power - is still a minority view,[…]

在经历了几次石油危机、一次切尔诺贝利核电站事故和一次海湾战争之后，他的基本观点——需要强调效率和可再生资源而不是石油和核能——相信的人依然不多， […]

1991年July26日，Brad Knickerbocker，“Think Tank on the Efficient Energy Trail”, in Christian Science Monitor:


Chernobyl

借自俄語 Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ)。

/tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/

/tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/

Many secret cities were Chernobyls in slow motion.

1994 August，“Nuclear chaos”, in Popular Science，卷 245, 期 2，頁 54:

The effects of a Chernobyl disaster in my community would probably be barely noticeable.

切尔诺贝利式的灾难对我的社区的影响可能几乎难以察觉。

1999年May6日，Terence Scully，“When cell phones kill our brain waves, we will worry less”, in The Record (Kitchener, Ont.):

So those would be a lot of Chernobyls that the ecosystem would have to deal with.

因此，生态系统必须应对许多类似切尔诺贝利事故的灾害。

2007年September7日，“Imagining a World Without Humans”, in NPR_TalkNation:

It has to be handled properly with great accuracy and no room for mistakes, because if we do have like a Chernobyl catastrophe, God forbid, it could wipe out our entire people.

必须非常准确、妥善地处理此事，不容有任何差错，因为如果我们真的遭遇像切尔诺贝利事故那样的灾难（但愿不会发生），它可能会消灭我们全体人民。

2010年March10日，Ben Garcia，“Many Kuwaitis yet to be convinced on nuke energy”, in Kuwait Times:


sunken

She looked old and thin with sunken cheeks and hollow eyes.

她看起來又老又瘦，臉頰和眼眶都凹陷著。

The heartbreak will take some getting over; the sunken forms of the players at the full-time whistle said as much.

2023年July20日，Suzanne Wrack，“Spain win Women’s World Cup as Olga Carmona strike breaks England hearts”, in The Guardian:


stalwart

借自低地蘇格蘭語 stalwart，受到了Walter Scott（沃尔特·司各特）的影响，取代了早期的stalworth，它也是本词的同源对似词。源自中古英語 stal-worth (“强壮的，威猛的；勇敢的”)，源自古英語 stǣlwierþe (“状态好的，能使用的”)，可能源自staþol (“机构”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *steh₂- (“站”)）或者stǣl (“地方；状态，条件”) + -wierþe (表示“能够做...”的后缀)（可能最终源自原始印歐語 *wert- (“转”)）。

more stalwart (comparative)
most stalwart (superlative)

This true Man ſoon aſſembled him beforn: / Three Sons he had that ſtalwart were and bold, / And twenty Men of Kin in his Houſhold.

1709，[Henry the Minstrel]，“How Wallace Came into Scotland Again at the Battel of Elchok-Park”, in The Life and Acts of the Most Famous and Valiant Champion, Sir William Wallace, Knight of Ellerslie; Maintainer of the Liberty of Scotland. With a Preface Containing a Short Sum of the History of that Time，Edinburgh: Printed by the heirs and successors of Andrew Anderson, printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, →OCLC, book XII，頁 304:

[A] stalwart leather-clad "boy," just returned from trapping on the waters of Grand River, on the western side the mountains, who interlards his mountain jargon with Spanish words picked up in Taos and California.

1849，George Frederick Ruxton，章號 III, in Life in the Far West (Plains and Rockies; 175)，Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，頁 71:

The driver was a stalwart woman who sat at ease in the front seat and drove her car bare-headed. She left a cloud of dust and a trail of gasoline behind her.

1912 August，Willa Sibert Cather，“The Bohemian Girl”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XXXIX, 號 4, [New York, N.Y.]: McClure Publications, →OCLC, chapter I，頁 422:

Direct your attention now to the African turtles seen here migrating … Morbo wishes these stalwart nomads peace.

2002年November10日，Aaron Ehasz，“Crimes of the Hot”, in Futurama，季数 5, 集数 1, spoken by Morbo, 經由 Fox Broadcasting Company:

Many other learned men of the age followed him [Romolo Amaseo] to the field, and contended with much zeal for the cause of the Latin; some even went so far as to wish the Italian completely banished entirely from the world. But stalwart champions were not wanting on the other side; and, to be brief, the impulse of public opinion soon swept away all opposition, and the popular cause was triumphant.

1832 October，“Art II.— History of the Italian Language and Dialects. Saggi di Prose e Poesie de’ più celebri Scrittori d’ogni Secolo. VI. vol. 8vo. (Selected by L. Nardini and S. Buonaiuti。) In Londra. 1798.”, in The North American Review，卷 XXXV, 期 LXXVII, Boston, Mass.: Gray and Bowen, […], →OCLC，頁s 301–302:

Now Tomlins always acted as Morgan's major domo in tent or quarters, and was also a stalwart hand either against ox, sheep, or enemy.

1842，E[dward] Howard，章號 XXXI, in Sir Henry Morgan, the Buccaneer，Paris: Baudry's European Library, […] and Stassin and Xavier, […], →OCLC，頁 241:


stalwart

坚定支持者，（理想、思想、理念等的）坚定追随者

Too much authority, blind authority, mere authority, whether that of the Prince or the priest, of the Raja or the Nabob, of the oligarch or the official, of the wealty and the prosperous is the bane of Indian life, yet these stalwarts of reform always take shelter behind big names.

1920?，[Lala] Lajpat Rai，“A Fight for Crumbs”, in The Call to Young India，Madras, Tamil Nadu, India: S. Ganesan & Co., →OCLC，頁s 68–69:

But I am sure there must be a great many Socialists who would fairly turn in their graves if they knew how their successors in the Labour Party were "ratting" on the policy laid down by the old stalwarts.

1954年August17日，Thomas Leonard Hayman，“Financial Statement”, in New Zealand Parliamentary Debates: Fifth Session, Thirtieth Parliament: House of Representatives，卷 304 (Comprising the Period from 6 August to 1 October 1954), Wellington, N.Z.: By authority; R. E. Owen, government printer, 出版於 1955, →OCLC，頁 1200:

Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke's winning goal in Southampton's last outing.

2017年October14日，Paul Doyle，“Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton: Nothing so far this season suggests the Argentinian will be more successful than Claude Puel in finding the answer to the club’s continuing lack of firepower”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2017-11-10:

In August, the Los Angeles-area stalwart the Lab also closed its dance space, a 12,000-square-foot location in West Covina.

2021年December2日，Margaret Fuhrer，“Mothers of Reinvention: The Lab Pivots as Studios Close”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


looting

打劫、狩掠、搶劫或搶掠的行為

Looting rumors and fear of crime often exaggerated after natural disasters

搶掠的謠言和對犯罪的恐懼通常在發生自然災害之後被誇大


self-made

self-structured

靠自己奮鬥成功的；白手起家的

self-formed

靠自己奮鬥成功的；白手起家的

nepotistic

靠自己奮鬥成功的；白手起家的

cronyish

靠自己奮鬥成功的；白手起家的

靠自己奮鬥成功的；白手起家的

My father was the quintessential self-made man.

我的父亲是典型的白手起家的人。

“These were people who were self-made, and self-made people made up their own words,” Mr. Sokolowski added.

2021年November9日，Max Harrison-Caldwell，引 Peter Sokolowski, “Words Full of Sound and Fury”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Originally each school was bound only by self-made rules.

1905，Fielding Yost，Football for Player and Spectator:


A remarkable feature of the accident was that the engine was 4-4-2 tank No. 13, the guard's brake was No. 13, and there were 13 wagons in the train.

1944 November and December，“Notes and News: Bufferstop Collisions in Northern Ireland”, in Railway Magazine，頁 370:


semi-circular

more semi-circular (comparative)
most semi-circular (superlative)

Seven huge concentric semi-circular rings of stone surround the northern end, and quite rightly are Grade 2-listed by conservation body Historic England.

2020年August26日，Tim Dunn，“Great railway bores of our time!”, in Rail，頁 45:


Ph.D.

借自新拉丁語 Ph.D.，Philosophiae Doctor (“哲學博士”) 的縮寫。

Ph. D. (alternative)
Ph.D (alternative)
PhD (alternative)
Ph.D's (plural)
Ph.D.'s (plural)
Ph.D.s (plural)

/ˈpiːˌeɪ̯t͡ʃˈdiː/

不能泛指所有的博士學位，還有許多其他的稱呼。

Ph.D’s will go to Kirk G. Rasmussen and Val Hicks.

柯克·拉斯穆森和瓦尔·希克斯将获授予哲学博士学位。

1971年May27日，“24 Local Students Among ‘U’ Graduates”, in The Daily Herald，98th year, 期 214, Provo, Utah，頁 6:

The shortage of holders of Ph.D’s in business school subjects has grown so severe in recent years that a panel was set up in 1980 by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business to study the problem.[…]However, it has already led to modification of accrediting standards such as the suggested use of nonbusiness Ph.D’s with doctorates in psychology, mathematics and economics.[…]Still another question raised in the report centered on how to encourage more educational institutions to turn out more Ph.D.’s in business.[…]He suggests a national contest for undergraduates to encourage them to work for Ph.D.’s in accounting.

1982年August20日，“Business schools take action to alleviate teacher shortages”, in Southern Illinoisan，卷 90, 期 195, Carbondale, Ill.，頁 A-4:

獲得哲學博士學位程度的人

There are 12 Ph.D’s in the Concordia faculty of 62, according to Dr. P. A. Zimmerman, President, with others nearing the completion of doctorate requirements.

1961年February26日，“Doctorates Are Received by Six”, in Sunday Journal and Star，94th year, 期 9, Lincoln, Neb.，頁 3B:

The uncertainty of the job market has a new meaning for Ph.D’s these days: Prospects Highly Depressing.

如今，就业市场的不确定性对博士生来说有了新的含义：前景非常令人沮丧。

1971年January14日，“Ph.D’s Finding Job Prospects Depressing”, in The Pensacola News，Pensacola, Fla.:

He also directs a post-doctoral program in behavioral medicine in which Ph.D’s receive training for very special kinds of treatment.

1988年September1日，Cecilia Bush，“Flying high, firmly grounded”, in The Catholic Advance，卷 CXXII, 期 34, Wichita, Kan.，頁 1，列s 1–2:

Growing up the daughter of two Ph.D.s in geology, young Lucy Chronic was more likely to hear discussions of plate tectonics than the prospects of the local ball team's chance of winning the pennant.

2004，Lucy Chronic, Halka Chronic，Pages of Stone，第2nd版, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, end material: About the Authors，頁 174:


trusty

源自中古英語 trusty、tristy、tresty，等价于trust + -y。

可信的人； 得到特权的囚犯

We usta have a rule that if a trusty shot an escaping convict, then the trusty would go free.

1941，James Howell Street，In my father's house:

The cell block is clean and doesn't smell of disinfectant. The trusties do all the work. The supply of trusties is always ample.

1953，Raymond Chandler，The Long Goodbye，Penguin, 出版於 2010，頁 58:


stammering

We could not understand his inarticulate stammerings.

我们听不懂他含糊不清的结巴话。

At that point, humanity crosses another threshold, miniaturizes its universe into symbolic form, and takes a toddling step toward iconography, writing, and the first stammerings of calendrical notation and mathematics.

此时，人类跨越了另一个门槛，将宇宙缩小为符号形式，并向图像学、文字以及历法和数学的初步发展迈出了蹒跚的一步。

1981，William Irwin Thompson，The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture，London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co.，頁 95:


sporadic

源自中世紀拉丁語 sporadicus（亦衍生出法語 sporadique、意大利語 sporadico、西班牙語 esporádico），源自古希臘語 σποραδικός (sporadikós)，源自σποράς (sporás，“零星的，分散的”)，源自σπορά (sporá)、σπόρος (spóros，“（种子的）播撒”)。

more sporadic (comparative)
most sporadic (superlative)

It was a stodgy, weary display from Mourinho’s team with only sporadic moments when they threatened Salvatore Sirigu’s goal and their manager seemed bewildered afterwards when he tried to explain what had gone wrong.

2015年March12日，Daniel Taylor，“Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, in 卫报（伦敦）:


sullen

源自中古英語 solein，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 soleyn (“alone”)，源自古法語 sole (“一个的，单个的”)，源自拉丁語 sōlus (“独自”)。中古英语中，词义从“单独的”变成“闷闷不乐的”

sullener (comparative)
sullenest (superlative)

And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.

Sullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

a sullen atmosphere

He added not; and Satan bowing low / His gray diſſimulation, diſappear'd / Into thin Air diffuſ'd: for now began / Night with her ſullen wing to double-ſhade / The Deſert; Fowls in thir clay neſts were couch't; / And now wild Beaſts came forth the woods to roam.

1671，John Milton，“The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，頁 27，行s 497–502:


sullen

And let them die that age and sullens have;

1595 December 9 (first known performance)，William Shakespeare，“The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act 2, scene 1]，行 139:


sunflower

向日葵屬（Helianthus）的植物
向日葵（Helianthus annuus），常用栽培品種，原產美洲

The flowers glowed red and golden: snapdragons and sunflowers, and nasturtians trailing all over the turf walls and peeping in at the round windows.

1954年July29日，J.R.R. Tolkien，“I: A Long-Expected Party”, in The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings; 1), →ISBN:


eye-catching

more eye-catching (comparative)
most eye-catching (superlative)

The substitute then scored again when the ball broke to him following another jagged run by Walcott, who saved his most eye-catching contribution for stoppage time, when he turned up on the left wing and scampered into the area before showing splendid composure to ignore a foul and dink the ball over Krul.

2012年December29日，Paul Doyle，“Arsenal's Theo Walcott hits hat-trick in thrilling victory over Newcastle”, in The Guardian:


flustered

more flustered (comparative)
most flustered (superlative)

The speaker became quite flustered when she dropped all her notes.

演讲者弄掉了笔记以后慌了手脚。

Behind the scenes, Truss's camp feel positive too—claiming that while she stayed calm Sunak was “flustered”.

2022年July26日，“Tory leadership: Rishi Sunak and Liz Truss in fiercest clash yet over tax”, in BBC News:


But when it's all said and done, I'll be forty / Before I know it with a 40 on the porch tellin' stories

2000，“Drug Ballad”, in The Marshall Mathers LP，演出者 Eminem:


state-owned

The French Government is Eurostar's majority shareholder, with the country's state-owned railway SNCF holding a 55% stake, while Belgian state operator SNCB has a 5% stake.

法国政府是欧洲之星的最大股东，法国国有铁路公司SNCF持有55%的股份，而比利时国家运营商SNCB持有5%的股份。

2021年February10日，Richard Clinnick，“Eurostar boost as French promise aid”, in RAIL，期 924，頁 10:


Oh

借自朝鮮語 오(吳) (O)。

“Your son’s name. What is it?”
“Oh. Benjamin Oh.”
“Benjamin O … what?”
“No, Oh, Officer. That’s it. The last name is Oh.”

“您兒子叫什麼名字？”
“吳。本傑明·吳。”
“本傑明·……什麼？”
“不不不，吳，先生。就是吳。他的姓是吳。”

2021，Ruth Ozeki，The Book of Form and Emptiness [形与空之书]，Canongate Books (2022)，頁 294:


dopamine

“The short-term, dopamine-driven feedback loops that we have created are destroying how society works: no civil discourse, no cooperation, misinformation, mistruth. And it’s not an American problem. This is not about Russian ads. This is a global problem.”

2017年December12日，Amy B Wang，“Former Facebook VP says social media is destroying society with ‘dopamine-driven feedback loops’”, in Washington Post:


sweat

源自中古英語 sweten，源自古英語 swǣtan，源自原始日耳曼語 *swaitijaną (“出汗”)。 对比荷蘭語 zweten、德語 schwitzen、丹麥語 svede。shvitz 的同源對似詞。

sweats (third-person singular present)
sweating (present participle)
sweated (past participle)
sweat (past participle)

Stop sweatin' me!

But I'ma smoke 'em now and not next time / Smoke any motherfucker that sweats me

用少油文火慢煮（来蒸掉水分）

Sweating is a generally a quiet operation; if the food is whispering, or worse, hissing, the moisture is probably evaporating too rapidly

2002，Judy Rodgers，The Zuni Cafe Cookbook:

Sweat the carrots, onion, celery, leeks, and cabbage in the butter until translucent not allowing them to color in any way.

2007，Patty Elsberry, Matt Bolus，Simply Vanilla: Recipes for Everyday Use，頁 93:

Reduce heat to low, cover pan, and gently sweat the celery for ten minutes, taking care not to brown it

2009，Bill Neal，Bill Neal's Southern Cooking，頁 11:

Sweat the onions and garlic in the oil, stirring occasionally, until they are completely soft (no crunch) but not caramelized.


staunch

源自中古英語 staunch、staunche (“状态良好的，不需维修的；稳固的，坚实的；防水的；（指人或伤口）不再流血的；肯定的；完好的；坚定地，稳健地”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 estaunche、古法語 estanche (“稳固的，防水的”)（现代法語 étanche (“气密的；防水的”)），estanc (“池塘”)的变体，源自estanchier (“堵塞（水流，血流等）；使...防水；解（渴）”)（现代法語 étancher），可能源自下列词之一：
* 源自通俗拉丁語 *stagnicāre，源自拉丁語 stāgnum (“一滩死水；池塘；沼泽”)，可能源自原始印歐語 *steh₂g- (“滴；渗”)。
* 源自通俗拉丁語 *stānticāre，源自*stānticus (“疲劳的”)，源自拉丁語 stāns, stāntis (“站立的；遗留的，停留的”)。stāns是stō (“站立；剩余，停留”)的现在主动分词，最终源自原始印歐語 *steh₂- (“站”)。
同源词
* 意大利語 stanco (“疲劳的”)
* 葡萄牙語 estanque (“防水的”)
* 羅曼什語 staunza (“房间”)
* 西班牙語 estanco (“关闭的，密闭的；气密的；防水的”)

stauncher (comparative)
staunchest (superlative)

constant

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

determined

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

persistent

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

firm

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

resolute

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

steadfast

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unswerving

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unwavering

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unyielding

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

Without our staunch front line the enemy would have split the regiment.

没有我们牢不可破的前线敌人已经把整个团分裂了。

Is it like you, who have known me so long and sought my advice in all matters—like you, who from a girl have had a strong mind and a staunch heart?

1841 February–November，Charles Dickens，“Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock，卷 II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 6，頁 265:

[T]ouching the much vexed question of stimulants he relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy which he was a staunch believer in) […]

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁 571:

The fast-food chain Chick-fil-A was founded by a staunch Christian, is closed on Sundays and has previously donated to organisations with anti-LGBTQ+ stances.

2023年June12日，Tom Dart，“US culture wars come to baseball as MLB celebrates Pride month”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

可靠的，忠实的，值得信任的 能够追寻到猎物踪迹的

He’s been a staunch supporter of mine through every election.

在每次选举中，他都是我忠实的支持者。

Never at any time in its history has there been so much universal anger at and criticism of the Southern. The railway's staunchest friends must concede that most of it is justified.

1959 April，P. Ransome-Wallis，“The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 213:


staunch

源自中古英語 staunchen、staunche (“止血，止泻或阻止其他体液流出；缓解，缓和；安抚，满足；治疗；克服；结束，结果；抑制；（指河流或水流）停止流动；（指水，风，某种天气）平静下来；熄灭，扑灭”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 estauncher、estaunchier、estanger、古法語 estancher、estanchier (动词) [以及其他形式]。详见词源1以及stanch。

staunches (third-person singular present)
staunching (present participle)
staunched (past participle)

比起staunch，stanch更常用来作动词的拼写，特别是在美国，而staunch更常作形容词的拼写，此时stanch已古旧。在严格的规范语法中，部分读者会认为反过来使用是错误的。

stanch的另一種拼寫法

[T]he iron head of a square cross-bow bolt disengaged itself from the wound, the bleeding was staunched, the wound was closed, and the dying man was, within the quarter of an hour, walking upon the ramparts, […]

1820，沃尔特·司各特，章號 VII, in 艾凡赫，卷 III, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，頁 178:


dreamscape

He walked between his parents as though through a dreamscape towards the grand building.


syndicate

來自法語 syndicat (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加委員會；工會”)，來自syndic (“辛迪加；代表；日內瓦首席行政官”) + -at (“表示行動或行動結果的後綴”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 *syndicatus，來自syndicus (“公司或城鎮的代表；辛迪加”) (來自古希臘語 σύνδικος (súndikos，“被告辯護人”)，來自σύν (sún，“旁邊；和”) + δίκη (díkē，“審判；正義”)) + -ātus (“從名詞組成形容詞的後綴，表示擁有某種東西或某種品質”)。
對照意大利語 sindacato (“辛迪加；工會；審計，控制，監督”)、奧克語 sendegat、葡萄牙語 sindicato (“工會”)、西班牙語 sindicado、sindicato (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加；工會”)。

音頻 (名詞) (澳洲)

a gambling syndicate

The worst deed ever alleged against the early sandalwood traders was that a number of natives were suffocated in a cave at Vaté, in the New Hebrides, by the smoke from a fire built at its mouth. But this was done by order of Maafu, who, on behalf of an Australian syndicate of highly-respectable merchants and church-members, was "bossing" an expedition in search of sandalwood through the New Hebrides.

1886，Julian Thomas，“Maafu, Prince of Tonga”, in Cannibals & Convicts: Notes of Personal Experiences in the Western Pacific，London, New York, N.Y.: Cassel & Company, Limited, →OCLC，頁 24:

Held at the estate of Mafia boss Joseph Barbara in Apalachin, NY, the meeting called by [Vito] Genovese in November 1957 brought over 100 mobsters from around the country to cement his power over the national crime syndicate.

1999，John Madinger，“Case Development”, in Confidential Informant: Law Enforcement’s Most Valuable Tool，Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN，頁 178:

a gambling syndicate

In the mid-1880s, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt broke into print inauspiciously as one member of the stable of writers who supplied humorous sketches and mildly sentimental or didactic squibs for S[amuel] S[idney] McClure's newspaper syndicate.

1980，Wiliam L. Andrews，“The Apprentice Years: Experiments and Decisions”, in The Literary Career of Charles W. Chesnutt，Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN，頁 17:

辛迪加辦公室或管轄區；辛迪加的機構或理事會

The ſoveraintie lies in the Council of 200, and this Council chuſes out of its number 25, who are the leſſer Council; […] they are choſen by a ſort of ballet, ſo that it is not known for whom they give their votes, which is an effectual method to ſuppreſs factions and reſentments; ſince in a competition no man can know who voted for him or againſt him: yet the election is not ſo carried, but that the whole Town is in an intrigue concerning it: for ſince the being of the little Council leads one to the Sindicat, which is the chieffe honor of the State: this dignitie is courted here, with as active and ſolicitous an ambition as appears elſewhere for greater matters.

1686，G[ilbert] Burnet，Some Letters Containing, an Account of What Seemed Most Remarkable in Switzerland, Italy, &c. Written by G. Burnett, D.D. to T[he] H[onourable] R[obert] B[oyle]，Rotterdam: Printed by Abraham Acher, bookseller by the Exchange, →OCLC，頁s 10–11:

The executive government of the University [of Madras] shall be vested in a syndicate, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor and six of the fellows, who shall be elected for one year by the several faculties, at the annual meetng of the senate, […]

1859，[India Office、Government of the United Kingdom]，“Copy of Correspondence with the Indian Government, Showing the Progress of the Measures Adopted for Carrying Out the Education Despatch of the 19th Day of July 1854. [Bye-laws for the Government of the University of Madras.]”, in Accounts and Papers: Twenty-one Volumes. … Session 2, 31 May – 13 August 1859，卷 10 (East India (Education)), part II (Madras); volume XXIV, part II, [London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office], →OCLC，頁 367:


syndicate

syndicates (third-person singular present)
syndicating (present participle)
syndicated (past participle)

音頻 (名詞) (澳洲)

[H]e [John Guthrie McCallum] went to Los Angeles and set up a law practice. There, with three partners and a capitalization of $100,000, they syndicated under the name Palm Valley Land and Water Company in 1887.

2006，Greg Niemann，“A Settlement is Born (Late 1800s)”, in Palm Springs Legends: Creation of a Desert Oasis (Adventures in the Natural History and Cultural Heritage of the Californias)，San Diego, Calif.: Sunbelt Publications, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，頁 38:

When a potential transaction has been identified by a bank, the first activity is obtaining from the potential borrower a "mandate," which is the customer's exclusive authorization to a bank to act as the syndication manager for that particular transaction and to approach other financial institutions on its behalf to raise a given amount of funds. […] A mandate letter is very similar to a standard bank commitment letter, with the exception that bank managers do not guarantee to provide the credit facility, but rather only to syndicate it on a "best efforts" basis, perhaps with a certain firm commitment assumed by them representing a portion of the required syndicated financing.

1999，Esteban C. Buljevich, Yoon S. Park，“Syndicated Eurocredit Loans”, in Project Financing and the International Financial Markets，Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN，頁 20:

透過報系在報刊上同時發表

[I]nternational television format exchanges are providing a customizable alternative to syndicating existing TV series in foreign markets. Sixteen countries around the world have adapted So You Think You Can Dance, a reality dance competition that originated in the United States. Format changes range from using local judges and contestants to incorporating local dance styles into the competition.

2015，Avi Santo，“Building the Franchise One Market at a Time: The Lone Ranger’s Extra-Textual Career in the Late 1930s”, in Selling the Silver Bullet: The Lone Ranger and Transmedia Brand Licensing，Austin, Tx.: University of Texas Press, →DOI, →ISBN，頁 56:

With the success of The Oprah Winfrey Show and the national attention that Oprah [Winfrey] received from The Color Purple, [Jeffrey] Jacobs advised her that it was time to syndicate her show. Jacobs worked out a deal with the syndication company King World to distribute the show nationally. Two brothers, Roger and Michael King, ran King World. They syndicated the game shows Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! and were looking for a new show to add to their list.

2011，Anne Lies，“Chicago!”, in Oprah Winfrey: Media Mogul，Edina, Minn.: ABDO Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁s 49–50:


gargantuan

源自法語 Gargantua，弗朗索瓦·拉伯雷所著《巨人传》中一个胃口很大的巨人的名字。该词系拉伯雷从葡萄牙语和西班牙語 garganta (“喉咙”)一词派生而来。

more gargantuan (comparative)
most gargantuan (superlative)

/ɡɑɹˈɡæn.t͡ʃu.ən/

Some distant observers of the Scottish football scene reckon that all - all! - Gerrard has to do is beat Celtic to become a legend. Even if that was true - and, demonstrably, it is not - then it would be a gargantuan task all on its own.

2018年May4日，Tom English，“Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, in BBC Sport:

Or the twinkling dining rooms: all frilly net curtains, pink walls, kaleidoscope-patterned carpets and tiny tables, crammed with teetering piles of hand-painted ceramic crockery (think plates covered in colorful swirls and cocktail mugs shaped like heaving bosoms or ladies’ faces) that showcase gargantuan portions of Italian fare.

2019年September14日，Elizabeth Paton，“A Fashion/Food Blowout in the Shadow of Brexit”, in New York Times:

Boxy and unrefined, the Hummer embodied an outlandishly masculine aesthetic that seemed to almost revel in its gargantuan fuel consumption.

2022年April7日，Oliver Milman，“I test-drove the all-electric Hummer. Can it win over America’s EV skeptics?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


svelte

源自法語 svelte，源自意大利語 svelto (“伸出的”)，svellere (“拔，使...伸展”)的过去分词，源自通俗拉丁語 *exvellere，源自ex + vellere (“拔，扯”)。

svelter (comparative)
sveltest (superlative)

一般用作褒义，而thin、scrawny和skinny等词常带负面色彩。

苗条的，纤美的，纤细的 （自19世纪10年代）

Psychoanalytic theory[…]seemed to promise to introduce a certain becoming amplitude into discussions of what different people are like — only to turn, in its streamlined trajectory across so many institutional boundaries, into the sveltest of metatheoretical disciplines, sleeked down to such elegant operational entities as the mother, the father, the preoedipal, the oedipal, the other or Other.

1990，Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick，Epistemology of the Closet，出版於 2008，頁 24:

Clearly the producers of “The Producers” were so little inclined to tinker with a winning formula that they chose not to excise a few lines of dialogue to accommodate the svelter physique of their new leading man, preposterous though it is that anyone in a fit of pique would deride a fellow as “once-husky.”

2007年January19日，Charles Isherwood，“Welterweight Bialystock Treads Softly on Big Shtick”, in New York Times:

My first priority was to help Trumps lose her pudgy look and gain a healthier, svelter size.

2009，Kim Bloomer，Animals Taught Me That，頁 73:

If her dream of being naked in front of Simon were to come true – and she knew, somehow, that it would – she needed to be the sveltest version of herself that had ever existed. Fries wouldn't help peel away those pounds.

2010，M. S. Simpson，Kabuki in a G-String，頁 158:

Peering down from the cockpit at grazing elephant, you have the feeling that what you are beholding is wonderful, but not authentic. It is not only incongruous in the sense that animals simply are not as big as trees, but also in the sense that the twentieth century, tidy and svelte with stainless steel as it is, would not possibly permit such prehistoric monsters to wander in its garden.

At 61, Bryant looks good – smart and svelte in an electric blue suit, youthful, a full head of hair except for a white scar at the back that looks like a side door into his brain.

2023年August5日，Simon Hattenstone，“Labour MP Chris Bryant on cleaning up parliament, and why he’s not afraid to pick a fight: ‘I’ve got in more scrapes than most people’”, in The Guardian:


serenity

源自中古英語 serenyte，源自古法語 serenité，源自拉丁語 serēnitās，等价于serene + -ity。

There is no passion, there is serenity.

1987，Greg Costikyan，“The Jedi Code”, in Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game，頁 69，行 3:


skirmish

源自中古英語 skirmish (动词)，源自古法語 escarmouche (“小规模冲突”)，源自意大利語 scaramuccia，早期形式schermugio。escarmouche和Scaramouche 的同源對似詞。

skirmishes (third-person singular present)
skirmishing (present participle)
skirmished (past participle)

参与小规模冲突；参与打斗

Other historians might also remark that […] they have persisted all this time, constantly wrestling and skirmishing and yet never destroying themselves.

2019，Adrian Tchaikovsky，Children of Ruin，Macmillan，頁 376:


workaholic

All workaholics should move to Hong Kong, where working hours average over 50 per week.

所有工作狂都应该搬到香港去，那里每周平均工作时间超过50小时。

We're not looking to become workaholics who don't know how to rest or vacation, or who never hang it up long enough to go to a movie.

我们不想成为不知道如何休息或度假，或者从来不花时间去看电影的工作狂。

2016，JoAnneh Nagler，How to be an artist without losing your mind, your shirt, or your creative compass, →ISBN，頁 80:


sanctity

源自中古英語 sanctity，源自古法語 sanctete，源自拉丁語 sānctitās。

神圣的事物，不可侵犯的事物

Or would they have it believed, that there is in their ſelves ſome ſuperior ſanctity, ſome peculiar privilege, by which theſe things are lawful to them, which are unlawful to all the world beſides?

1776，Jeremy Bentham，“A Short Review of the Declaration”, in John Lind, An Anſwer to the Declaration of the American Congress，London: Thomas Cadell，頁 121:


autosome

源自 auto- + -some，源自古希臘語 σῶμα (sôma，“身體”)。

Autosoma (or autosome), the usual or non-aberrant chromosomes, called by me previously ordinary chromosomes.

1906年January5日，Thos. H. Montgomery，“The terminology of aberrant chromosomes and their behavivor in certain Hemiptera”, in Science，卷 23, 期 575，頁 36:

It is apparently formed by the arms of the loops becoming twisted around each other, and, as in the Acrididae, each of these arms no doubt represents a univalent autosome.

1908，Herbert Spencer Davis，Spermatogenesis in Acrididae and Locustidae:


tryst

源自中古英語 tryst、trist，源自古法語 tristre (“等待地点，打猎时约定的地方”)，可能源自北日耳曼語支，比如古諾爾斯語 treysta (“保全”)，源自traust (“信任，安全，帮助，藏身处”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *traustą (“信任，避难所”)，源自原始印歐語 *deru-、*dreu-、*drū- (“确信”)。trust 的同源對似詞（亦参见）。

But, for the most part, we shall mark our progress to the dawn of life by the measure of those 40 natural milestones, the trysts that enrich our pilgrimage.

2004，Richard Dawkins，The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life，頁 11:

If someone trusts you, what is lost if you betray that trust? As Scarlett is tempted to see it, sometimes nothing at all. If her husband remains ignorant of her tryst, then his trust in her will remain intact. ‘No one gets hurt’ runs her reasoning, so why not go ahead?

2005, Julian Baggini, The Pig that Wants to be Eaten: And 99 other thought experiments, №91: “No one gets hurt”, page 271 (Granta; ISBN 1862078556, 9781862078550)


scowl

源自中古英語 scowlen、scoulen、skoulen（亦作中古英語 schoulen），可能源自。对比丹麥語 skule (“皱眉”)、挪威語 skule (“皱眉”)。

scowls (third-person singular present)
scowling (present participle)
scowled (past participle)

She scould, and frownd with froward countenaunce

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 35:


avaricious

源自中古英語 avaricious，源自古法語 avaricieux，源自avarice，源自拉丁語 avaritia (“贪婪”)，源自avarus (“贪婪的”)，源自avere (“觊觎”)。

more avaricious (comparative)
most avaricious (superlative)

/ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/

In a word, he was called a hard, avaricious, rapacious man, whose chief business was to enrich himself...

1835，Robert Montgomery Bird，The Hawks of Hawk-Hollow:


aestheticism

æstheticism (alternative)
estheticism (alternative)
aestheticisms (plural)

He went over his canvases with disgust and anger, unable to see virtue in any one of them. Even his sacred Oyster Girl went back on him. The creature of a vitiated æstheticism, he could only suppose that conceit had played an abominable trick on his eyesight.

1938，Norman Lindsay，Age of Consent，Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1962，頁 133:


suffering

Her last night was very suffering, the anodyne she took gave her no relief, and for the first time she lay till near noon.

1839 August，Beacon，“The deathbed of Voltaire”, in The Christian Beacon，號 8，頁 118:

My heart is full, but my body too suffering to go on.

1862，Ruth Bryan，Handfuls of purpose，頁 427:

I said that Miss Kinney opened the wound; I had not seen the burn then, myself; I was too ill and too suffering to rise up to see the whole surface of it; this was on Thursday morning, the morning after the operation, that I complained of such pain I must have something to relieve it, so she brought these strips of bandages and vaseline, and then she examined the wound, and without saying anything she took this brass pin and pricked it in several places;

1900年May8日，Abram I. Elkus，Supreme Court : Helen D. Ward, Plaintiff, against Saint VIncent's Hospital, of the City of New York, Defendant.，頁 28:

Just to hear them was very suffering ... It must have been so unbearable to have to yell like that.

2005，Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Select Committee on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill，Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill (HL)，頁 73:

I was listening her because she was telling me she was very suffering and that she was praying for her pains, for sinners, for poor, for ill people and for afflicted.

2014，Silvia Michela Carrassi，Travels Through Spirit，頁 114:


suffering

Robins, of Torquay, had denied a single charge of causing unnecessary suffering to an animal. She claimed the microwave was accidentally turned on by one of the cats after the kitten got inside. But Knutton said the kitten was too small to even get onto the work surface.

2011年December14日，Steven Morris，“Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:


press-gang

pressgang (alternative)
press gang (alternative)
press-gangs (plural)

press

被僱用來強迫他人服兵役（打動他們）的一群人，特別是海軍。

被僱用來強迫他人服兵役（打動他們）的一群人，特別是海軍。

"If this is a press gang," Lyle remarked, "you should know that my diet is extremely poor, I'm too tall for trenches and I blow away in a light breeze."

“如果這是一支強徵隊，”萊爾說道，“你應該知道我的飲食極其糟糕，我的個子太高，不適合在戰壕里待著，而且我在微風中就會被吹走。”

2021年March14日，HarryBlank，“Defence”, in SCP Foundation，存檔自the original on 2024-12-25: