bounteous

more bounteous (comparative)
most bounteous (superlative)

Hail, univerſal Lord, be bounteous ſtill / To give us onely good; […]

1667，John Milton，“Book V”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

“Your Grace may be well assured,” said the Friar, “that, with the grace of Saint Dunstan, I shall find the way of multiplying your most bounteous gift.”

1820，沃尔特·司各特，章號 XL, in 艾凡赫，卷 III, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，頁 266:

“I’d like to say it’s not just bounteous privilege, but it is. People like Boris Johnson, Rishi Sunak, they’re incredibly cut off from the world. […]

2023年March5日，Miranda Sawyer，引 Jason Williamson, “Sleaford Mods: ‘The UK is like a crazy golf course – all we’ve got left are landmarks’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


peashooter

beanshooter

吹气以后射出小物体的管状玩具

bean-shooter

吹气以后射出小物体的管状玩具

Compared to my forty-five, it's a toy. Christ, Thanet, why did you buy it in the first place? I would have given you one of mine, a real weapon, one with knock down power, compared to that peashooter on your hip.

2012，Wayne Greenough，The Ferguson Murder，頁 41:


rile

源自roil的方言发音。

riles (third-person singular present)
riling (present participle)
riled (past participle)

Riled by a decision that went against him, Ziv kicked his displaced boot at the assistant referee and, after a short consultation between the officials, he was given his marching orders and the loudest cheer of the night.

2011年October20日，Michael da Silva，“Stoke 3 - 0 Macc Tel-Aviv”, in BBC Sport:


rambunctious

more rambunctious (comparative)
most rambunctious (superlative)

hyphy

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

robustious

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

rumbustious

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

shandy

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

unruly

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

wild

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

The kids are being especially rambunctious today.

"Bad cess may attend you, where are you scampering to, you rambunctious"—but she could go no farther; the tears burst from her, and she gave way, without farther resistance, to an explosion of grief.

1852 November，O’Hara Family，“Clough Fionn; or, The Stone of Destiny”, in The Dublin University Magazine, a Literary and Political Journal，卷 XL, 號 CCXXXIX, Dublin: James McGlashan, […]; London: W[illia]m S[omerville] Orr and Company, →OCLC, chapter XI，頁 557，列 1:

"Not as you knows on, you rambunctious wool grower," said the indignant Yankee.

1856 October，“About These Books”, in The Western Literary Messenger […]，卷 XXVII, 期 II, Buffalo, N.Y.: Thomas & Lathrops, […], →OCLC，頁 64，列 1:

There was close by me a window, and, noiselessly as possible, I slid back a small piece, thereby rousing the light-sleeping mistress of the canary, who sharply requested it be closed again; [...] the other lady smiled despairingly, and signed me to obey, which I reluctantly did by closing the glass; but the shutter proved rumbunctious, and for no effort of mine would again move out of his groove; [...]

1862 January，“A Canal-boat Sketch”, in Duffy’s Hibernian Magazine. […]，卷 I (New Series), 期 1, Dublin, London: James Duffy, […], →OCLC，頁 92:

"I guess the governor'd be rambunxious, as usual, if I was to ask his permission," the dutiful son remarked; "but he's going away for a few days next week, and mother won't hinder me, I know."

1873 March，W[illia]m S. Walsh，“How We Watched the Grapes”, in Our Young Folks. An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and Girls，卷 IX, 期 III, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 181:

It may sometimes appear that Canada is composed of nine complacent, cohesive English-speaking provinces and rambunctious Quebec. In fact, it is composed of ten provinces, each different and all occasionally rambunctious.

1979，“The Art of Government is the Art of Adjustment”, in Canada Today = Canada d’aujourd’hui，卷 10, 期 4, Washington, D.C.: Canadian Embassy, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 2:

Eventually the two rambunctious wolves decided to race back towards the carcass, no doubt forgetting I was still there.

1990 March，L[ucyan] David Mech，“Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?”, in Audubon，New York, N.Y.: National Audubon Society, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 82，列 2; reprinted in “Appendix 15. Article—Wolf Attacks on Humans”, in The Reintroduction of Gray Wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Central Idaho: Final Environmental Impact Statement，Helena, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, May 1994, →OCLC，頁s 6-100:

Mrs. Tinkle, your son’s rambunctious behavior is quite common in children with unusually high intelligence levels.

2002年May1日，Jeffrey J. Rowland，Wigu Adventures，存檔自the original on 2009-01-06:

She was placid, stately and Juno-esque, soft-toned in her trance utterances, but she could become powerful in her office, an imposing presence. Sometimes a rumbunctious, chaffing persona emerged and was a little over the top for genteel spinsters to tolerate.

2015，Molly Whittington-Egan，“Preface: Into the Cabinet”, in Mrs Guppy Takes a Flight: A Scandal of Victorian Spiritualism，[Castle Douglas, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland]: Neil Wilson Publishing, →ISBN，頁 x:

She does the same thing as any parent worth their salt, and gets rambunctious youngsters engaged in daily drudgeries by refashioning the quotidian as adventure.

2018年December12日，Charles Bramesco，“A Spoonful of Nostalgia Helps the Calculated Mary Poppins Returns Go Down”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2019-05-24:


blistering

more blistering (comparative)
most blistering (superlative)

Dati launched a blistering attack on the prime minister, François Fillon, under whom she served as justice minister, accusing him of sexism, elitism, arrogance and hindering the political advancement of ethnic minorities.

2011年December14日，Angelique Chrisafis，“Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in Guardian:

Messi showed some of the old touches while Mbappe demonstrated his blistering pace and eye for goal but Neymar was disappointing, too easily shrugged off the ball and missing a great chance to restore PSG's lead.

2021年November24日，Phil McNulty，“Manchester City 2 - 1 Paris Saint Germain”, in BBC Sport:


blistering

发疱疗法 （在皮肤上引起水疱来加速血流帮助愈合的疗法）

Inflammations are treated generally by allopathic practitioners by bleedings, blisterings, purgings, vomitings, Antimony and Mercury: and this is practised, more or less, with little variation, wherever the seat of the inflammation may be.

1852，The American Journal of Homoeopathy，卷s 7-9，頁 99:


blithe

源自中古英語 blithe (“高兴的，开心的；使人愉快的；温柔的；大方仁慈的；闪亮的；美丽的”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 blīþe (“高兴的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blīþī，源自原始日耳曼語 *blīþiz (“友善的；温柔的；使人愉快的”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰlī- (“好；轻；愉”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰel- (“亮；白”)。

blither (comparative)
blithest (superlative)

There on Beds of Violets blew,
And freſh-blown Roſes waſht in dew,
Fill'd her with thee a daughter fair,
So buckſom, blith, and debonair.

a. 1645，John Milton，“L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […]，London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], 出版於 1646, →OCLC，頁 31:

For that fair femal Troop thou ſawſt, that ſeemd
Of Goddeſſes, ſo blithe, ſo ſmooth, ſo gay,
Yet empty of good wherein conſiſts,
Womans domeſtic honour and chief praiſe; […]

1667，John Milton，“Book X”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 610–613:

I was feeling blithe, almost jocund.

1876 June，Mark Twain，“The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut”, in The Atlantic:


businessman

來自business + -man。取代早期的merchant，源頭來自拉丁語 mercāns (“商人，購買者”)。

I'm not a businessman, I'm a business, man

2005，“Diamonds From Sierra Leone (Remix)”, in Late Registration，演出者 Kanye West ft. Jay-Z:


blitzkrieg

非同化借詞，源自德語 Blitzkrieg (字面意思是“閃電似的戰爭”)。

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968，Keith Richards, Mick Jagger （作曲作詞）, “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet，演出者 Rolling Stones:


billion

At the last assessment it [the national debt] amounts to seven billion pounds (£7,000,000,000).

1921年January24日，“National Finances”, in Devon and Exeter Gazette，頁 5:

In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

2013年May25日，“No hiding place”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8837，頁 74:

However, despite the prospect of HS2 being curtailed and the revelation that the programme is late and billions over budget, for now, at least, work on the scheme appears to be business as usual

2019 October，Dan Harvey，“HS2 costs rise as schedule slips”, in Modern Railways，頁 9:

The ChatGPT service which serves as Web front-end to GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was the fastest-growing service in history to break the 100 million user milestone in January and had 1 billion visits by February 2023.

2023年October30日，Herbold et al.，“A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays” (18617), in Scientific Reports，卷 13，頁 1:

n = 1,000,000,000,000, that is, = a billion, or the square of a million

1778，Francis Maseres，“A Method of Finding, by the Help of Sir Isaac Newton's Binomial Theorem, a Near Value of the very Slowly Converging Infinite Series …”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，卷 lxviii, 期 xli:

There is a bill to be picked up for cleaning the former Soviet countries of £1 billion. By that I mean a British billion, because when I was little I was told that a billion was a million million and then the Americans said that it was a thousand million. Well, I am talking about a million million pounds worth of clean-up to be done.

2000年November8日，Stephen Ladyman，“[Speech to the House of Commons]”, in Hansard:


bowman

繼承自中古英語 boweman、bouman、boughman，等同於bow + -man。

The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.

各城的人，因馬兵和弓箭手的響聲，就都逃跑。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 4:29:


ramshackle

首次可考于1830年，是ramshackled 的逆構詞，源自ransackled，ransackle (“洗劫”)的过去式，中古英語 ransaken (“掠夺”)的反复态。

more ramshackle (comparative)
most ramshackle (superlative)

/ˈɹæmˌʃæk.əl/

They stayed in a ramshackle cabin on the beach.

他们待在海滩上一个破破烂烂的小屋里。

A ramshackle old empire. (of Austria-Hungary).

So ramshackle was the locals' attempt at defence that, with energetic wingers pouring into the space behind panicked full-backs and centre-halves dizzied by England's movement, it was cruel to behold at times.

2012年September7日，Dominic Fifield，“England start World Cup campaign with five-goal romp against Moldova”, in The Guardian:

The alliance that pushed the Inflation Reduction Act into law in August was always a somewhat fragile and ramshackle one: Green New Dealers and the coal-state senator Joe Manchin, carbon-capture geeks and environmental justice warriors, all herded together in the sort of big-tent play you get with a 50-50 Senate and one party functionally indifferent on climate.

2022年October5日，David Wallace-Wells，“Progressives Should Rally Around a Clean Energy Construction Boom”, in The New York Times:


brachial

借自拉丁語 bracchialis，源自bracchium (“手臂”)。brachialis 的同源對似詞。

腕：腕足動物開合上方殼的構造

The first brachials are somewhat broader than long and are not entirely in contact interiorly. The second brachials are squarish. The first and most of the second brachials bear spines […]

1950，Austin Hobart Clark，A monograph of the existing crinoids，頁 33:

Cup conical, weakly developed basal flange, six arms per ray, one exotomous branching, all brachials biserial within two to five brachials of branching, cup ornamentation probably striae radiating from base of arms onto basals.

1997，Gary D. Webster, David D. Gillette，Lower Carboniferous Echinoderms from Northern Utah and Western Wyoming，頁 14:


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986，R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner，Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:


repeatedly

more repeatedly (comparative)
most repeatedly (superlative)

He repeatedly violated the court order, and shall now be punished.

他多次违反法庭命令，现在应该受到惩罚。

Scotland had the territory and the momentum, forcing England into almost twice as many tackles and rattling them repeatedly at set-pieces.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

Since 2017, the DfT has "repeatedly altered the scope of the TRU [TransPennine Route Upgrade] to meet differing ministerial priorities and budget constraints", says the NAO [National Audit Office].

2022年August10日，Mel Holley，“Network News: Question marks over TransPennine upgrade spending”, in RAIL，期 963，頁 24:


bullion

源自中古英語 bulloin、bullioun，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 bullion，其词源不详，可能源自法語 bouillon，自“熔化”一意引申而来。中古荷蘭語 boelioen (“贱金属”)可能源自无关的法語 billon。

（肩章等上面的，贵金属制的）弯曲边缘

The hair was plaited with bullion and red riband, and then wound round the head, something after the fashion of a turban, save that it entirely displayed the forehead.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 257:


bearable

A joint cause is neither necessary nor sufficient for an effect—for example, any one of six pallbearers is a joint cause of carrying a coffin bearable by four.

2015，Andrew Chignell, Terence Cuneo, Matthew C. Halteman，Philosophy Comes to Dinner: Arguments About the Ethics of Eating:


peddle

peddles (third-person singular present)
peddling (present participle)
peddled (past participle)

My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 3, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

- How much you think this stuff is worth?
- Yeah, there must be a million bucks' worth.
- Think we could peddle it?
- Oh, you can always get rid of it.

Christine walked a dangerous line, peddling gossip about her detested son-in-law.

2009，Michael John Beashel，Unshackled，頁 166:

Roberts was a drug dealer, nicknamed 'King Krud', who peddled death and misery.

Yes, there were instances of grandstanding and obsessive behaviour, but many were concealed at the time to help protect an aggressively peddled narrative of [Oscar] Pistorius the paragon, the emblem, the trailblazer.

2014年October21日，Oliver Brown，“Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport):

As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

2022年January12日，Nigel Harris，“Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL，期 948，頁 3:


brackish

源自苏格兰brack（←中古荷蘭語 brac (“有盐味的”)） + -ish。同源词包括荷蘭語 brak (“有盐味的”)、德國低地德語 brack、brakerg、brakig (“有盐味的”)、德語 brackig (“有盐味的”)、丹麥語 brak (“有盐味的”)、瑞典語 bräck (“有盐味的”)、挪威語 brakk (“有盐味的”)。可能是brook的远亲同源对似词。

more brackish (comparative)
most brackish (superlative)

有盐味的，较咸的 （程度在海水与淡水之间，如在入海口的水）；太咸的

...by a low courſe and too long ſporting with the briny Ocean it taſts brackiſh and inſalubrious...

1638，Sir Thomas Herbert，Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

On all sides a powerful brackish marshland odor, the odor of damp, and decay, and black earth, black water.

1992, Joyce Carol Oates, Black Water, Penguin Books, paperback edition, page 4.

The water we took on at Chatham Isle is now brackish & without a dash of brandy in it, my stomach rebels.

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, Random House.


bullshit

Oh, I get it! So it's not a pyramid, it's just pyramid-shaped. You know, like a Dorito, or an Angry Bird, or just a pile of bullshit.

2016年November6日，“Multilevel Marketing”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 3, 集数 29, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:

乱讲的话，夸张的话，吹牛屄，放屁，胡话，胡说

Don't pay any attention to him. He talks a lot of bullshit.

别管他。他一天到晚净胡说。

The Illusive Man: Shepard. You're making a habit of costing me more than time and money.
Shepard: I'm sorry, I'm having trouble hearing you. I'm getting a lot of bullshit on this line.

2010，BioWare，Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC:

Respect for the truth and a concern for the truth are among the foundations for civilization. I was for a long time disturbed by the lack of respect for the truth that I observed... bullshit is one of the deformities of these values.

Illusive Man: Shepard, you're making a habit of costing me more than time and money.
Shepard: I'm sorry, I'm having trouble hearing you. I'm getting a lot of bullshit on this line.

2010，BioWare，Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC，幕：After Collector Base: Final Battle:


blossom

源自中古英語 blosme，源自古英語 blostm、blostma，源自原始日耳曼語 *blōsmaz（对比西弗里斯蘭語 blossem、荷蘭語 bloesem），*blōstaz（对比德語 Blust）的加长形式，源自原始印歐語 *bʰleh₃-s- (“花”)，源自*bʰleh₃- (“绽，盛开”)。同源词有阿爾巴尼亞語 bleron (“绽放，繁盛”)、拉丁語 flōs (“花”)、Flōra (“植物之神”)。详见blow的词源4。

花 （尤指果树结果前盛开的花）； （这种花的）花簇

The blossom has come early this year.

Foppiſh and fantaſtick Ornaments are only Indications of Vice, not criminal in themſelves. Extinguiſh Vanity in the Mind, and you naturally retrench the little Superfluities of Garniture and Equipage. The Bloſſoms will fall of themſelves, when the Root that nouriſhes them is deſtroyed.

1711年March16日，The Spectator，卷 I, 期 16, London: Printed for S[amuel] Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC，頁 89:

This beauty, in the blossom of my youth, / When my first fire knew no adulterate incense, / Nor I no way to flatter, but my fondness; / [...] long did I love this lady, / Long was my travail, long my trade to win her; / With all the duty of my soul, I served her.

c. 1619–1622，Philip Massinger，“A Very Woman”, in Three New Playes: viz. The Bashful Lover, Guardian, Very Woman. As They have been Often Acted at the Private-house in Black-Friers, by His Late Majesties Servants, with Great Applause，London: Printed for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Prince's Arms in St. Pauls Church-yard, 出版於 1655, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii; 再版為 The Plays of Philip Massinger, in Four Volumes. With Notes Critical and Explanatory，卷 IV, London: Printed for G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol [et al.] by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1805, →OCLC，頁 317:

混杂有栗色或棕色的白色 （指马的毛色）

For colour he [Nobs, a horse] was neither black-bay, brown-bay, dapple-bay, black-grey, iron-grey, sad-grey, branded-grey, sandy-grey, dapple-grey, silver-grey, dun, mouse-dun, flea-backed, flea-bitten, rount, blossom, roan, pye-bald, rubican, sorrel, cow-coloured sorrel, bright sorrel, burnt sorrel, starling-colour, tyger-colour, wolf-colour, deer-colour, cream-colour, white, grey, or black. Neither was he green, like the horse which the Emperor [Septimus] Severus took from the Parthians, [...]

1834–1847，Robert Southey，“A Feeble Attempt to Describe the Physical and Moral Qualities of Nobs”, in The Doctor, &c.，London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, →OCLC; 第new版, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1862, →OCLC，頁 358，列 2:


blossom

blossoms (third-person singular present)
blossoming (present participle)
blossomed (past participle)

The Utricularia vulgaris or bladder-wort, a yellow pea-like flower, has blossomed in stagnant pools.

1851年June22日，Henry D[avid] Thoreau，Summer: From the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau，London: T. Fisher Unwin, 26 Paternoster Square E.C., 出版於 1884，頁 210:

Since I came back from Pomona I have done many drawings to illustrate the Inferno of Dante [Alighieri] and I find my old Italian love blossoming all over again for this greatest of all master poets, bar none.

1961年January30日，Rico Lebrun，“New Haven · Capri · Rome (1958–1960) [To David Lebrun from Los Angeles, January 30, 1961]”, in In the Meridian of the Heart: Selected Letters of Rico Lebrun，Boston, Mass.: David R. Godine, Publisher, 出版於 2000, →ISBN，頁 66:


bearing

源自中古英語 bering、beringe、berynge，等价于bear + -ing。

She walks with a confident, self-assured bearing.

The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia. Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were.

2019年March18日，Steven Pifer，Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution，The Center for International Security and Cooperation:

盾徽或饰牌上的纹章或图案

Jos Sedley's open carriage, with its magnificent armorial bearings.

1848，William Makepeace Thackeray，Notes of a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo:


beaut

beauty 的截斷形式。

Bruno lifted his left hand out of the bucket in order to point out to Catfoot a lump, the size of a darning egg, over his left eye. […] "Ain't it a beaut, Cat? It's where he butted me."

1942，Nelson Algren，Never Come Morning，出版於 2001，頁 282:

In his most famous quip, La Guardia once remarked, “When I make a mistake it's a beaut!”

1994，Stephen Jay Gould，Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History，頁 109:

Both of them were used to long surveillance stints. This looked like it might be a beaut.

2000，James Patterson，The Midnight Club，頁 272:


beaut

beauty 的截斷形式。

beauter (comparative)
beautest (superlative)

An' there was posies all round Jim, He had a bran new suit, The first un that he ever had, An' everything was beaut. An' when the preacher told 'bout Jim— How ' twas he got the swipe— I saw most all them dandy swells A feelin' fer a wipe.

1895，Elbridge Kingsley, Frederick Knab，Picturesque Worcester ...: Complete in Three Parts，頁 40:

It was beaut to have him home again, and gee, you should have seen the bike he bought me from Paris. From the same factory as his own was made.

She was very motherly towards me then and it was beaut. Before I was eighteen, there just wasn't any kind words. All I wanted to do was get away from there.

1978，Kevin Gilbert，Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert:

Yes, it was beaut.

1996，Madeleine St. John，A Pure Clear Light，4th Estate, Limited:


bungle

动词词源不详，有可能：
* 最终是拟声词（对比bumble (“笨手笨脚；犯错，出错”)、fumble (“笨拙地摸索；犯错”)）；或
* 源自古諾爾斯語，对比古瑞典語 bunga (“击打”)，方言瑞典語 bangla (“做无用功”)。
名词派生自动词。
同源词
* 德語 Bengel (“棍棒；粗鲁的人”)
* 中古高地德語 bungen (“敲”)

bungles (third-person singular present)
bungling (present participle)
bungled (past participle)

blunder

笨手笨脚，失误连连；搞砸

（笨手笨脚，不熟练地）做；（因为不熟练，没有能力而）搞砸，弄糟

I always had an idea that it would be bungled; but was willing to hope, and am still so. Whatever I can do by money, means, or person, I will venture freely for their freedom; and have so repeated to them (some of the Chiefs here) half an hour ago.

1821年February24日，Lord Byron，“Extracts from a Diary of Lord Byron, 1821”, in Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: […]，Frankfurt am Main: […] H. L. Brönner, 出版於 1830, →OCLC，頁 468，列 1:


bungle

botch

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

muddle

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

The Soudan bungle was born partly of sentimental loyalty and partly of the aforementioned jealousy existing between the colonies, and now at a time when the colonies should club closer together our Government is doing all they can to widen the breach by trying to pass a bill enabling New South Wales to monopolise the name "Australia".

1888，Henry Lawson，United Division (essay):


beseech

源自中古英語 besechen、bisechen，古英語 sēċan (“寻求；询问”)的带前缀形式。同源词有薩特弗里斯蘭語 besäike (“拜访”)、荷蘭語 bezoeken (“拜访，参与”)、德語 besuchen (“拜访，参与”)、瑞典語 besöka (“拜访”)。

beseeches (third-person singular present)
beseeching (present participle)
beseeched (past participle)
besought (past participle)

Moost noble crysten Quene I byseche yow as ye haue ben euer my specyal good lady and I at al tymes your true poure knyghte vnto my power and as I neuer fayled yow in ryghte nor in wrong sythen the fyrst day kynge Arthur made me knyghte that ye wylle praye for my soule yf that I here be slayne;
"Most noble Christian queen, I beseech you as ye have been ever my special good lady, and I at all times your true poor knight unto my power, and as I never failed you in right nor in wrong sithen the first day King Arthur made me knight, that ye will pray for my soul if that I here be slain;"

1485，Thomas Malory，Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter iii, leaf 401r:

after what manner, I beseech you, must the mind proceed in this operation?

1748，David Hume，Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral，London: Oxford University Press, 出版於 1973, § 25:

She besought him, for his Soul's sake to speak the truth.

1888，Rudyard Kipling，“Watches of the Night”, in Plain Tales from the Hills，Folio, 出版於 2005，頁 61:

[King Knight defeats the Troupple King.] / Troupple Acolyte: 'HALT! I BESEECH THEE! PLEASE, NO MORE!'

2019年December10日，Yacht Club Games，Shovel Knight: King of Cards，經由 Nintendo 3DS，關卡/區域：Royal Pond:

要求，请求 （某件事物）

[…]the tickets had all been given out, begged, besought long ago.

1990，Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky（譯者）, The Brothers Karamazov，San Francisco, North Point Press, →ISBN，頁 657:


beseech

Good madam, hear the suit that Edith urges, With such submiss beseeches; [...]

1617，pseudo-Francis Beaumont，John Fletcher，George Chapman，Ben Jonson，Philip Massinger，Rollo, Duke of Normandy, or the Bloody Brother, Act IV, Scene III:


beckon

源自中古英語 bekenen、beknen、becnen、beknien，源自古英語 bēacnian、bēcnian、bīecnan (“示意”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bauknōn、*bauknijan (“示意”)，源自*baukn (“信号；烽火”)。与古撒克遜語 bōknian、古高地德語 bouhnen、古諾爾斯語 bákna同源。详见beacon。

（用招手、点头等的）示意

At the first beckon.

c. 1734, Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, A Dissertation on Parties

He turn to me, make a beckon with the key in his hand.

2020，Abi Daré，The Girl With The Louding Voice，Sceptre，頁 110:


beshrew

源自中古英語 beschrewen (“诅咒”)，等价于be- + shrew。

beshrews (third-person singular present)
beshrewing (present participle)
beshrewed (past participle)

（用于祈使句表示感叹性质的咒骂。）

Beshrew your heart, fair daughter!

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

"Now, beshrew his heart," quoth jolly Robin, "that would deny a butcher. And, moreover, I will go dine with you all, my sweet lads, and that as fast as I can hie." Whereupon, having sold all his meat, he closed his stall and went with them to the great Guild Hall.

1883，Howard Pyle，章號 V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown, in Nottinghamshire，New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:


bespectacled

more bespectacled (comparative)
most bespectacled (superlative)

The choristers were as bespectacled as the audience. Are Protestants more bespectacled than Catholics because of too much Bible reading?

2002，Steven Barclay，A Place in the World Called Paris，頁 149:


peerless

more peerless (comparative)
most peerless (superlative)

Let's after him, / Whoſe care is gone before, to bid vs welcome: / It is a peerleſſe Kinſman.

c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]，頁 134:

Telegram! Malachi Mulligan, The Ship, lower Abbey street. O, you peerless mummer! O, you priestified Kinchite!

1922 February，James Joyce，“[9]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Foden has also grown into this World Cup, having scored against Wales and creating two goals here. England's midfield and attack is taking shape with perfect timing for what will be the sternest of tests against France and the peerless Mbappe。

2022年December4日，Phil McNulty，“England 3-0 Senegal”, in BBC Sport:


reprieve

1571年，意为“带回监狱”，源自中古英語 repryen (“扣押，羁押”)（1494年），可能源自中古法語 repris，reprendre (“拿回”)的一个变位形式，与reprise同源。其词义已被泛化，但还暗含监狱或处刑的色彩。名词用法自1598年可考。对比拉丁語 privare。

reprieves (third-person singular present)
reprieving (present participle)
reprieved (past participle)

推迟，延迟，暂缓 （撤销、废除某物的计划）

At the time of writing the halts have been reprieved due to doubts as to the legality of the withdrawal of services. It is feared that this reprieve may not outlast the summer timetable which, on the section in question, provides only a skeleton of the former service.

1960 August，L. Hyland，“The Irish Scene”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 468:


reprieve

（痛苦的）减轻，缓解 （尤指暂时的）

Yet it was not easy, on the balance of play, to be convinced by Pellegrini and his defeated players that the reprieve might somehow be a defining moment over the two legs.

2015年February24日，Daniel Taylor，“Luis Suárez strikes twice as Barcelona teach Manchester City a lesson”, in The Guardian (London):

(受到公众反对的事件的) 取消；推迟


bravado

源自法語 bravade (“自夸”)，源自意大利語 bravata，源自动词bravare (“自夸”)，源自bravo。

/bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/

/bɹəˈvɑːdoʊ/

The angry customer stood in the middle of the showroom and voiced his complaints with loud bravado.

For a bravado he had the organ taken down and conveyed to his father's house, where he had it put up in the chamber where it now stands. It was also for a bravado that he played on it every day. But, by−and−by, the amount of time which he spent at it daily began to increase rapidly.

1891，Rosa Mulholland，The Haunted Organist of Hurly Burly，頁 12:

Songs like "Hey Bobby", and "Do Ya" drip with innuendo and sexual bravado.

1990 Amy Longsdorf, K.T. Oslin: Personality, Wit and Style To Spare", The Morning Callhttp://articles.mcall.com/1990-08-11/entertainment/2758085_1_oslin-country-music-kt

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019年May12日，Alex McLevy，“Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club:

The rise of SOS devices – satellite-synched gadgets that send a signal to rescue agencies when activated – give people bravado, Estrada says. “A lot of people carry these SOS devices and they think they can get into any trouble and they can get help,” he says, adding that he has seen more requests for assistance recently.

2023年February11日，Katharine Gammon，“A mountain of trouble? The draw – and danger – of California’s Mount Baldy”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

No doubt there is fear despite the bravado, but there is also no significant loss of Ukrainian military cohesion.

2023年April2日，Dan Sabbagh, Ed Ram，“Surrounded and outgunned, Ukraine’s tank crews prepare for battle of Bakhmut”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


biohazard

The OSHA procedures for this type of environment required all investigative and emergency response personnel to wear PPE when they accessed those areas of the accident site containing biological hazards and undergo decontamination procedures after departing the biohazard area.

針對此類環境的OSHA程序要求所有調查和應急響應人員在進入事故現場含有生物危害的區域時穿戴PPE，並在離開生物危害區域後進行淨化程序。

1999年March24日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.19 New Investigative Techniques”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Uncontrolled Descent and Collision with Terrain, USAir Flight 427, Boeing 737-300, N513AU, Near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1994，存檔自the original on 2022-06-04，頁 237:

South Western Railway's Basingstoke station has donated surplus biohazard waste bags to the nearby St Michael's Hospice.

西南鐵路的貝辛斯托克站已將多餘的生物危害廢物袋捐贈給附近的聖米迦勒臨終關懷醫院。

2020年August12日，“News in Brief: Donation to hospice”, in Rail，頁 31:


brazen

源自中古英語 brasen，源自古英語 bræsen (“黄铜的”)，等价于brass + -en（对比golden）。
原意为“黄铜的”，动词的比喻义（brazen it out (“放肆”)）追溯至16世纪50年代（可能源自“脸像黄铜一样不见羞耻”），形容词义“厚颜无耻的”源自16世纪70年代。对比bold as brass。

more brazen (comparative)
most brazen (superlative)

Brazen or rather copper swords seem to have been next introduced; these in process of time, workmen learned to harden by the addition of some other metal or mineral, which rendered them almost equal in temper to iron.

1786, Francis Grose, Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, London: Printed for S. Hooper […], OCLC 745209064; republished as Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, volume II, new [2nd] edition with material additions and improvements, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […]; & G. Kearsley, […], 1801, OCLC 435979550, page 262:

And Moses made a brass image of the fiery serpents, and put it up on a pole, where all the people could see it; and when any one was bitten, he could look upon the brazen serpent, and was cured.

1836，[Harvey Newcomb]，The Brazen Serpent: Being a Simple Illustration of Faith Drawn from Scripture History. […]，Philadelphia, Pa.: American Sunday-School Union, […], →OCLC，頁s 40–41:

The women, stout, strong, brazen-faced creatures, in most cases looked able to thrash any of the partners with whom they consorted.

1859年May2日，X. X. X. [pseudonym]，“Looking at Lodgings”, in The Ragged School Union Magazine，卷 IX, London: Ragged School Union, […]; Partridge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 91:

Through the brazen hours that followed high noon, we crept onwards through a tunnel of glittering verdure.

And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n，源自Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.

1697, Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 839376905; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson […], 1721, OCLC 181805247, book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:

Often a traveller, when the air is quiet, / Will make the night reverberate with this riot / Of brazen sounds, whose singing cadence swells / The harmony of bleating and lambs' bells.

2001，R[alph] N[ixon] Currey，“The Horn”, in Collected Poems，Oxford: James Currey; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, →ISBN，頁 246:

The giant [Goliath] was thus conquered by the youth [David]; the man-at-arms by the unarmed; the stone of the shepherd pierced the brazen defences of the warrior.

1870，The Sunday at Home: A Family Magazine for Sabbath Reading，卷 XVII, London: Religious Tract Society, →OCLC，頁 587:

In the autumn, when a small group of us heard him [Frank Wedekind] read from Heracles, his last work, I was amazed at his brazen energy. For two and a half hours without stopping, without once lowering his voice (and what a strong, brazen voice it was), barely pausing for breath for even a moment between acts, bent motionless over the table, he read – half from memory – those verses wrought in brass, looking deep into the eyes of each of his listeners in turn.

2015，Bertolt Brecht，“Frank Wedekind”, in Brecht on Theatre，第3rd rev. and updated版, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，頁 19:

恬不知耻的，厚颜无耻的 （自16世纪70年代）

She was brazen enough to deny stealing the handbag even though she was caught on closed-circuit television doing so.

她脸皮厚到被监控拍到偷手提包了还拒不承认。

He looked at her for a long moment. Slowly, a smile lit in his eyes. "Never a shrew. A fighter and a brazen hussy." / Placing a finger beneath her chin, he tilted her face up. "And, I'd say, you're the only brazen hussy who blushes." / A brazen hussy. She should be offended. But the smile in his eyes, the touch of his finger moving slowly and feather-light from chin to throat and along the sensitive skin of her neck made it impossible to concentrate on rebuke.

1993，Karla Hocker，A Deceitful Heart (Zebra Regency Romance)，New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, Kensington Books, →ISBN:

If one had to lie at all, the brazen lie was better because brazen lies were so outrageous many people failed to question them.

2012，Michelle West，Skirmish: A House War Novel (DAW Books Collectors; no. 1571)，New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, →ISBN:


brazen

brazens (third-person singular present)
brazening (present participle)
brazened (past participle)

[...] the meadows roughen, grow gutteral / with goldenrod, milkweed's late-summer lilac, / cat-tails, the wild lily brazening, / dooryards overflowing in late, rough-headed bloom: [...]

1986，Quarterly Journal of Ideology: QJI，卷 10, [Tahlequah, Okla.]: QJI Editorial Board, →ISSN，頁 93:

厚着脸皮做 （自16世纪50年代）

And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

1656，John Trapp，“A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew”, in A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […]，第2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，頁 274:

His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

1832 November，“Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine，卷 XXXII, 期 CCI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，頁 870:

[T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

1949，Robert Graves，“Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)”, in The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949，London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，頁 151:

[...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

2007，Jennifer Brice，“Blue Storm”, in Unlearning to Fly，Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，頁 169:

The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

2008，Charles W. Sasser，God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield，New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:


brume

借自法語 brume，源自拉丁語 brūma (“冬至；冬天；冬天的寒冷”)。brūma派生自brevima、brevissima (“最短的”)，brevis (“短暂的”)的最高级（因为每年的冬至日白天最短），最终源自原始印歐語 *mréǵʰus (“短暂的”)。

For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.

1737，François Rabelais，“Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart（譯者）, The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] ，卷 2, Navarre Society, 出版於 1921，頁 438:

All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.

1972，John Gardner，Grendel，André Deutsch，頁 77:


beestings

繼承自古英語 bȳsting，派生自 bēost，源自原始西日耳曼語 *beust。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beestings.wav

beest

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

colostrum

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

He took a jug of ‘beestings’ milk from the press, the milk of a cow that has recently calved, and drank it down in six big gulps.

他从榨汁机里拿出一罐“初乳”（刚产犊的母牛的奶），然后六大口喝完了。

2002，Joseph O'Connor，Star of the Sea，Vintage, 出版於 2003，頁 54:


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。

boggles (third-person singular present)
boggling (present participle)
boggled (past participle)

（使...）僵住，（使...）定住，（使...）退缩

The dogs went on, but the horse boggled at the sudden appearance of the strange beast.

那群狗继续向前冲，但是马看到突然出现的奇怪野兽僵住了。

The horror of the deed and its consequences boggle the imagination.

这种行为和它后果的可怕让想象停了下来。

He boggled at arranging for bread to be left daily at some place within easy walking distance, but let that go.

1938，Norman Lindsay，Age of Consent，Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1962，頁 18:


bogus

首个可考书面记载中是一个指假硬币制造机的黑话，后还指这些假硬币。之后其演变为指代劣质物品。最新的词义“没用的”可能派生自计算机黑客俚语。
其词源不详，但目前有两个理论：
* 源自豪薩語 boko (“伪造”)。bogus最初出现于美国，因此可能由奴隶运输船中传播来。
* 为tantrabogus的犯罪黑话缩略形式，该词在19世纪是一个指代危险物品的俚语用词；这一理论让一些人联想到bogy或bogey（见bogeyman）。在这个意义上，本词可能与bogle有关，其指的是苏格兰边境的一种在人家中做恶作剧（但不会给人财产损失）的骗子。

more bogus (comparative)
most bogus (superlative)

illegal

假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）

[…] that he and David Whitmer swore falsley, stole, cheated, lied, sold bogus money, (base coin,), and also stones and sand for bogus; that letters in the post-office had been opened, read, and destroyed; and that those same men were concerned with a gang of counterfeiters, coiners, and blacklegs.

1842，Daniel Parish Kidder，Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints，Carlton & Lanahan:

They have printed bogus despatches, and unhesitatingly used what they knew was bogus matter in a way to mislead even newspaper men.

1895，Alphonso Alva Hopkins，Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic，Funk & Wagnalls Company:

The organization of “bogus companies,” started purely for the purpose of eliminating competitors, seems to have been a not infrequent practice.

1921，Burton J. Hendrick，The Age of Big Business:

What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?

1982，Cameron Crowe，Fast Times at Ridgemont High，spoken by Jeff Spicoli (Sean Penn):

假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）

Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.

1962，Douglas Patrick，The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:


bogus

（一种朗姆和糖蜜混合的）烈酒

BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.

1848，John Russell Bartlett，Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:

"Calibogus," or "bogus" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.

1919，Harvey Washington Wiley，Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:

The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.

2014，J. Anne Funderburg，Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era，頁 311:

“Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court.[…]”

1841年December8日，“Western Court Eloquence”, in Carlisle Weekly Herald，頁 2:

There is not a merchant in this city but knows this fact, and also that there has been a large quantity of bogus in circulation.

1846，Joseph H. Jackson，The Adventures and Experience of Joseph H. Jackson: Disclosing the Depths of Mormon Villainy Practiced in Nauvoo，頁 15:

This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]

1848年January26日，C. C.，“[Letter]”, in The Washington Union，出版於 1848年February28日，頁 3:

Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.

1994，John L. Brooke，The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN，頁s 269–70:


penchant

借自法語 penchant，pencher (“偏，倾向”)的现在分词，源自中古法語，源自古法語 pengier (“偏倚”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *pendicāre，派生自拉丁語 pendere (“挂”)。

He has a penchant for fine wine.

Marie even then began the course which, in after-years, secured her so vast an influence in the court,—alternately taking up and laying down her claim to the youthful monarch's penchant; administering to his amusement, and ready to encourage his passing fancies.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 264:

THE LONDON & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. By O. S. Nock. Ian Allan. 30s.
[...] One scarcely imagined, for example, that the great steel works at Crewe owed its existence to Sir Richard Moon's penchant for the principle of "Do it yourself", a principle born of a methodical, economical and far-seeing mind.

1960 October，“New reading on railways”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 640:

I said I've got a penchant for smokes and kicking douches in the mouth / Sadly for you my last cigarette's gone out
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2019, Idles, "Never Fight a Man With a Perm", Joy as an Act of Resistance.

Just like Marple, there's a plaque at the London terminus [Paddington] commemorating a fictional character - a polite, friendly little bear from darkest Peru who has a penchant for marmalade sarnies.

2021年September22日，Stephen Roberts，“The writings on the wall...”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 74:


portly

portlier (comparative)
portliest (superlative)

当指肥胖的人时，本词的语气比fat轻。

His portly middle section, rising beyond like a small hill, heaved rhythmically.

1913，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 14, in The Little Nugget:

In Heavyweights, Tony Perkis (Ben Stiller) is a fitness guru who installs himself as the über-buff leader of Camp Hope, with the goal of helping portly youngsters shed their saggy stomachs and thunder thighs.

2011年July6日，Nick Carbone，“Top 10 Worst Fictional Camp Counselors”, in Time, retrieved 2014-05-08:

英俊的，潇洒的 （自15世纪）

Portly his person was, and much increast
Through his Heroicke grace and honourable gest.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book III, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Be studious well to imitate
My portly motion, mien, and gait

1728，Jonathan Swift，A Dialogue between Mad Mullinix and Timothy:


precipitous

源自法語 précipiteux (现已弃用)，源自通俗拉丁語 *praecipitosus。等价于precipice (“陡峭”) + -ous。

唐突的，鲁莽的，草率的，突然的，匆忙的

precipitous attempts

[…]humans have been responsible for a precipitous decline of elephants，源自perhaps 300,000 in the early 1970s to some 10,000 today.

2007 March，J. Michael Fay，“Ivory Wars: Last Stand in Zakouma”, in National Geographic，頁 46:


predicament

源自中古英語 predicament，源自古法語 predicament和中世紀拉丁語 prēdicāmentum，源自晚期拉丁語 praedicāmentum (“分类”)。

Culture, for me, is the effort to provide a coherent set of answers to the existential predicaments that confront all human beings in the passage of their life.

1978，Daniel Bell，The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism，頁 xv (20th edition):

The Midlanders will hope the victory will kickstart a campaign that looked to have hit the buffers, but the sense of trepidation enveloping the Reebok Stadium heading into the new year underlines the seriousness of the predicament facing Owen Coyle's men.

2011年December10日，Marc Higginson，“Bolton 1 - 2 Aston Villa”, in BBC Sport:


predilection

The young King looked tenderly at Mademoiselle Mancini, who gave him a glance quite as tender in return—not, however, unobserved. His mother had been for some time past a displeased spectator of a predilection which might become dangerous.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 219:

American operating practice aims at the minimum wastage of time by locomotives at water columns and coal stages, and this predilection for shunters with high capacity tenders is thereby explained.

1941 November，“Notes and News: American Tank Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 523:

It was an illusion, of course, generated by Clevinger's predilection for staring fixedly at one side of a question and never seeing the other side at all.

1961年November10日，Joseph Heller，“Lieutenant Scheisskopf”, in Catch-22 […]，New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁 66:

The appointment as Member of the B.T.C. with "special responsibility for railway workshops" of Sir Steuart Mitchell is in accordance with Mr. Marples' predilection for non-railwaymen in the highest posts.

1962 April，“Talking of Trains: 源自guided weapons to the B.T.C.”, in Modern Railways，頁 221:

A row of houses he regards as a row of necessary evils. The softening and degeneration of the human race he attributes to its progressive predilection for interiors and waning interest in the art of going out and staying there.

1967, Flann O’Brien, The Third Policeman, ch. 2,

But for him the first rule of judging was to set aside personal predilection and vote the law and the facts.

1987, Edwin M. Yoder Jr., "Lewis Powell a Fine Sense of Balance," Washington Post, 29 Jun.,

... youth’s predilection for revolt.

2000, Terry McCarthy, "Lost Generation," Time Asia, 23 Oct.,

Wilson doesn’t see any inconsistency between his socialism and his predilection for the high life.

2001, Marina Cantacuzino, "On deadly ground," The Guardian, 13 Mar.,


posthumous

源自拉丁語 posthumus，postumus的一拼写变体，posterus (“在之后的”)的最高级，因“埋葬”与humus (“地面”)的联想而添加了⟨h⟩。

The most favorable posthumous history the stay-at-home traitor can hope for is—oblivion.

1885，Ulysses S. Grant，“Chapter IV”, in The Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant，New York, United States: Charles L. Webster & Co.，頁 68:

Artists obscure during their life often receive posthumous recognition, too late for them to enjoy.

一生默默无闻的艺术家常在死后才得到认同，但他们已经无法享受了。

His memoirs were his posthumous revenge on enemies he dared not take on alive.

他死后出版的回忆录是他对在世时不敢动手的敌人的还击。

Eight posthumous albums have been released to date – two more than the man managed in his lifetime – often with conspiracy-baiting titles such as Still I Rise and Tupac Resurrection.

2012年April17日，Alex Macpherson，“Tupac's hologram reflects another milestone in his mythology”, in The Guardian:


preceptor

源自中古英語 preceptor、preceptur，源自拉丁語 praeceptor (“命令者；指示者”)，源自动词praecipiō + -or (施动者名词后缀)，源自prae- (“预先”) + capiō (“拿，得到，吸收；理解”)。

教师，导师 （自15世纪）

A man who had thought so much on the subjects of language and education was surely no ordinary preceptor.

c. 1793, Edward Gibbon, Memoirs, Penguin 1990, p. 64:

We shall resume our studies later on; but just now I am tired of playing the preceptor; and the eager thirst of my pupils for improvement does not console me for the slowness of their progress.

1905，George Bernard Shaw，The author's apology from Mrs. Warren's Profession，頁 61:


pentagram

來自古希臘語 πεντάγραμμον (pentágrammon)，形容詞πεντάγραμμος (pentágrammos)和πεντέγραμμος (pentégrammos，“五條邊的，五條線的”)的名詞形式。等同於penta- + gram。

pentagramme (alternative)
pentagrams (plural)

Prove that the circles so belonging to the 6 pentagrams formed by 6 lines meet in a point, and so on; the series of theorems being interminable.

1871, W. J. C. Miller (editor), Mathematical Questions and Solutions, Volume XV, page 47,

The passive pentagrams of spirit are drawn first in the quarters of the passive elements—water and earth—and likewise followed by the appropriate traditional elemental pentagram.

2007，Christopher Penczak，The Temple of High Witchcraft: Ceremonies, Spheres, and the Witches' Qabalah，頁 345:

Four figures involve 12 pentagrams arranged as in the faces of a dodecahedron with their vertices touching.


potation

源自中古英語 potacion，源自古法語 potacion，源自拉丁語 pōtātiō。

[…] perhaps his nocturnal potations, prevented him from recognizing accents which were tolerably familiar to him—[…]

1820，沃尔特·司各特，章號 VI, in 艾凡赫，卷 II, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，頁 90:

For as this is the Liquor of modern Hiſtorians, nay, perhaps their Muſe, if we may believe the Opinion of Butler, who attributes Inſpiration to Ale, it ought likewiſe to be the Potation of their Readers; ſince every Book ought to be read with the ſame Spirit, and in the ſame Manner, as it is writ.

1749，Henry Fielding，“Containing five Pages of Paper”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book IV，頁 2:


pleasantry

Charlie Mulgrew could easily have been shown two yellow cards by a stricter referee and amid all the usual Anglo-Scottish pleasantries, the two sets of fans put an awful lot of effort into trying to drown out one another’s national anthems.


potentially

more potentially (comparative)
most potentially (superlative)

Nevertheless, it is clear that the global energy demand for air-conditioning will grow substantially as nations become more affluent, with the consequences of climate change potentially accelerating the demand.

儘管如此，很明顯，隨著各國變得更加富裕，全球對空調的能源需求將大幅增長，而氣候變遷的後果可能加速需求的成長。

2013 September-October，Michael Sivak，“Will AC Put a Chill on the Global Energy Supply?”, in American Scientist:


blacks

Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.

朋友的哭泣、身着丧服、葬礼等都表明死亡是可怕的。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Death”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

that was the full time they vsed to were blackes for the death of their fathers

那是他们因父亲去世而被迫身着丧服的时候

1579，Thomas North，The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes:


potshot

（对简单目标的）批评，抨击，中伤

2018年July26日，Ignatiy Vishnevetsky，“A documentary muckraker takes on the tech sector of health in The Bleeding Edge”, in The Onion AV Club:


plenilune

拉丁語 plēnilūnium，源自plēnus (“完整的”) + lūna (“月亮”)

And white limbs glitter in the plenilune; / And where a voice more human, more divine, / Commends a brother dead to Proserpine.

1922，Clark Ashton Smith，Desire of Vastness:


pitching

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones


phobia

约1790年，来自一系列以-phobia结尾的词，来自古希臘語 φόβος (phóbos，“恐惧”)。对比ism，来自-ism，itis，来自-itis，以及ana，来自-ana。

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

Some patients have the phobia of light, and others have the phobia of darkness. Another common aversion is that of high places. The phobiac of this type can not sit in the gallery […]

For as interviewer Than Win Htut expressed it, “misunderstandings about, and phobia of, gay life and homosexuality are very common in Burma.” Than Win Htut went on to observe that in Burma[…]

2009 06，Michael G. Peletz，Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 162:

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power

源自中古英語 power、poer，源自古法語 poeir，源自通俗拉丁語 *potēre，源自拉丁語 possum、posse (“能够”)，见potent。对比法語 pouvoir。取代了古英語原生词汇anweald。

more power to someone, more power to your elbow

powersharing, power-sharing, power sharing

影响力，势力 影响力，控制力

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book iii:

“[…] That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. […]”

1913，Robert Barr，章號 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Past and future obviously have no reality of their own. Just as the moon has no light of its own, but can only reflect the light of the sun, so are past and future only pale reflections of the light, power, and reality of the eternal present.

影响力，势力 权力，势力

The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. … We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.

1949, Eric Blair, aka George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four

In the face of expanding federal power, California in particular struggled to maintain control over its Chinese population.

It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

2013年August10日，“Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:

影响力，势力 影响力巨大的集体，如强国，大型企业等

Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.

2013年August16日，John Vidal，“Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 10，頁 8:

After the pylons collapsed, this town was without power for a few days.

输电塔塌了以后，这个镇子已经停电好几天了。

“My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year. […]”

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013年July20日，“Out of the gloom”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:

Don't you mind my snuffling a little—becuz we're in a power of trouble.


power

powers (third-person singular present)
powering (present participle)
powered (past participle)

United keeper Edwin van der Sar was the unlikely provider as his clearance found Rooney, who had got ahead of last defender Richard Dunne, and the forward brilliantly controlled a ball coming from over his shoulder before powering a shot past Brad Friedel.

2011年February1日，Mandeep Sanghera，“Man Utd 3 - 1 Aston Villa”, in BBC:

Abdul Sattar Edhi came to Karachi as a poor man from an Indian village in 1947. Starting with a small pharmacy tent, his work rapidly expanded, powered by donations from ordinary citizens.

2017年April6日，Samira Shackle，“On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in the Guardian:


power

more power (comparative)
most power (superlative)

Check out the POWER Mee Rebus & Lontong in this newly established Nasi Padang coffee shop at Market Street Carpark.

Their performance is very the Power!

2005，Bayya，Bayya Eats ... and Other Stuff:

His hokkien is damn power lah!

2010，Caihong Lim & Kesheng Lim，Footprints All Over: Love, Happiness,Joy:

Eh his soccer skills damn power one.

2015，SGMOJI，Your Ultimate Guide to Locally-Grown Emojis:


pitter-patter

Once or twice I heard a faint pitter-patter like the feet of the dog going hither and thither on the sand far below me, and there were more bird-like sounds, but that was all.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 237:


placid

源自法語 placide，源自拉丁語 placidus (“平静的，安稳的”)，源自placeō (“满足，取悦于”)。

placider (comparative)
placidest (superlative)

a placid disposition

a placid lake

April advanced to May: a bright serene May it was; days of blue sky, placid sunshine, and soft western or southern gales filled up its duration.

1847，Charlotte Brontë，章號 9, in Jane Eyre，第HTML版:

The ant has made himself illustrious / Through constant industry industrious. / So what? / Would you be calm and placid / If you were full of formic acid?

1941，Ogden Nash，“The Ant”, in The Face is Familiar，Garden City Publishing Company，頁 224:

[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories, to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.

2014年October21日，Oliver Brown，“Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport):


platitude

源自法語 platitude，源自plat (“平的”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *plattus，源自古希臘語 πλᾰτῠ́ς (plătŭ́s)。

Beauty, I suppose, opens the heart, extends the consciousness. It is a platitude, of course.

1918，Algernon Blackwood，章號 XI, in The Garden of Survival:

Semiramis was the first woman to invent eunuchs and women have had sympathy for them ever since; […] and women can tell them what they can't tell other men. And Ivor, suddenly cheered by laughing at his absurd platitudes, and finding himself by the door, was going from the room.

1922，Michael Arlen，“2/1/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

For most of the past three decades, the natural world was treated almost as an afterthought by world leaders. If discussed at all, it was with platitudes about the need to save polar bears and tigers.

2019年August30日，Jonathan Watts，“Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in The Guardian:

显而易见的事，不言自明的事 （过于显然而无趣的事）

The synthesis which he helped to effect was so successful that this aspect of his work escaped notice in the last century: all that Britomart stands for was platitude to our fathers. It is platitude no longer.

1963，James R. Kreuzer，Lee Cogan，Modern Writings on Major English Authors，Ardent Media，頁 109:

After explaining myself sufficiently, I now offer my own platitude: I believe that the institution of the cabaret has the right to exist only so long as it bears the character of dilettantism and improvisation.

1993，Harold B. Segel，The Vienna Coffeehouse Wits, 1890-1938，Purdue University Press, →ISBN，頁 210:

Indeed, in the ownership scenario the idealization is supported in a much thinner manner: we start with a platitude that characterizes individuals as coowners (that they are de facto seen as either property holders themselves or otherwise as […]

2012年September16日，Mathias Risse，On Global Justice，Princeton University Press, →ISBN，頁 149:

The former figures the typical prairie landscape-poet who who stops at the correction line (which itself literally denies the platitude of flatness) to notice the ever-present wind.

1992，Ed Jewinski, Andrew Stubbs，The Politics of Art: Eli Mandel's Poetry and Criticism，頁 31:

With the photograph, we enter into flat death. One day, leaving one of my classes, someone said to me with disdain, "You talk about death very flatly." — As if the horror of Death were not precisely its platitude!

2001，Elissa Marder，Dead Time: Temporal Disorders in the Wake of Modernity，頁 87:

Though we do not have a traditional correspondence theory, which sets up a structural similarity relation between statements and facts, we have the truth of sentences determined by word-to-world relations, in particular, relations between linguistic items and objects. This reflects the platitude behind correspondence, but the Tarskian appartatus gives the platitude more substance.

2013，Ernest Lepore, Kirk Ludwig，A Companion to Donald Davidson:

seemly platitude, flat-footed ordinariness, and well-enacted upper working class respectability cancel out any turpitude, exhilarating tension or satanic glamour a casino might be expected to have.

After a passage of what we feel to be true poetry, there follows, inevitably, a passage of platitude which no critical pre-judgment can force us to admire;

1984，Library of America, Edgar Allan Poe, Gary Richard Thompson，Essays and Reviews，頁 71:

Of the true steady-going German nature the bane is, as I remarked, flat commonness; there seems no end to its capacity for platitude; it has neither the quick perception of the Celt to save it from platitude, nor the strenuousness of the Norman;

2001，Daniel R. Davis, Matthew Arnold，On the study of celtic literature，頁 127:

More damning, this 'flat-pack kit' causes us to decline into platitude and predictablity, denies us from real political intellectual purchase and, as result, standard theoretical ideas become our ideological comforters.

2014，Hester du Plessis, Jeffrey Sehume, Leonard Martin，Concept and Application of Transdisciplinarity in Intellectual Discourse and Research，頁 29:


platitudinous

more platitudinous (comparative)
most platitudinous (superlative)

If [Lord George] Bentinck had been reared for office, if, as Wilberforce recommends, he had been harnessed early to official duty, and if he had been sent into Parliament a platitudinous thing, made up of statistics, red tape and priggishness, like Mr. [Benjamin] Disraeli's Tadpole and Taper, we could well understand his strong mind breaking the thralls of official conventionality, and forcing him to become the man he was, armed at all points, ever ready for attack or defence; […]

1852 March，“Art. II.—Lord George Bentinck. Lord George Bentinck: A Political Biography. By B. Disraeli, Member of Parliament for the County of Buckingham. London: Colburn and Co. 1851. [book review]”, in The Irish Quarterly Review，卷 II, 期 V, Dublin: Published by W. B. Kelly, 8, Grafton-Street; London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co.; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, →OCLC，頁 77:

“House Decoration” is written with somewhat less verbosity and with a good deal more taste and common sense. But it is, however detailed in its suggestions, equally platitudinous where it is sensible.

1877 April，“Household Art”, in The Carpet Trade Review. Devoted to the Interest of the Trade in Carpets, Upholstery Goods, Oil Cloths, Paper Hangings, Mattings, Linings, Stair Rods, etc., etc.，卷 4, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: Thomas A. Kennett, →OCLC，頁 46，列 2:

As [Charles] de Gaulle's minister, he [André Malraux] was able to visit China in 1965 and to persuade the rather baffled Chinese authorities to grant him an audience with Mao [Zedong]. […] The meeting was brief and platitudinous, but in later accounts […] Malraux turned it into a major summit of great minds.

2005年April10日，Christopher Hitchens，“‘Malraux’: One man’s fate [review of Malraux: A Life (2005) by Olivier Todd]”, in The New York Times:

But surely it is possible for those tasked with ensuring public safety to imagine creative solutions beyond platitudinous expressions of sympathy, extra concrete barriers and additional airport security checks?

2017年August20日，“The Observer view on the attacks in Spain: We must now give into fatalism on terror [editorial]”, in The Observer，London，存檔自the original on 2017-09-16:


platonize

platonizes (third-person singular present)
platonizing (present participle)
platonized (past participle)

Either Plato philonized, or Philo platonized

1791，William Enfield, Johann Jakob Brucker，The History of Philosophy:

採用柏拉圖或其追隨者的觀點

He platonizes , after the manner of Origen , in some parts of his writings ; yet he is cited by Athanasius as a witness of the Son's consubstantiality with the Father

1794，Joseph Milner，The History of the Church of Christ:


platypus

源自新拉丁語 Platypus（命名時已用作長小蠹屬的屬名），源自古希臘語 πλατύπους (platúpous，“扁平足的”)，源自 πλατύς (platús，“扁平”) + πούς (poús，“腳”)。

platypuses (plural)
platypus (plural)
platypi (plural)
platypodes (plural)

Victoria's Healesville Sanctuary is celebrating the births of two baby platypuses, in a major milestone.

维多利亚州希尔斯维尔自然保护区正在庆祝两只鸭嘴兽宝宝的出生，这是一个重要的里程碑。

2008年March2日，“Captive platypus twins make history”, in ABC News:


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:

喜歡到處拈花惹草，而非建立長久性關係的人

Thunder only happens when it’s rainin’ / Players only love you when they’re playin’ / Say women, they will come and they will go / When the rain washes you clean, you’ll know

1977，Stevie Nicks （作曲作詞）, “Dreams”, in Rumours，演出者 Fleetwood Mac, Warner Bros.:


brillig

路易斯·卡羅詩作 Jabberwocky 中的一個臨時造詞，“矮胖子”將其解釋為“下午四點鐘 — 你開始煮晚飯的時間”。

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe


Genghis Khan

意大利語羅馬化蒙古語 ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (čiŋgis qaɣan), Чингис хаан (Čingis xaan)

/ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

/ˈd͡ʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

[...]the Founder of that Family, who took the Name of Yuen, and who is known in Europe by the Name of Zing hi, or Zing his kan, but whom the Chineſe Hiſtory calls Tchin bi ſe, and Tai tſou, after he had conquer’d the King had thoughts of carrying the War into Corea: His General, called Leou co immediately made himſelf Mafter of the Towns ſituated upon the Eaſt of the River Ya lou;[...]

[1739 [1735]，P. Du Halde，“Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China，第2nd版, 卷 IV, →OCLC，頁 391:


paparazzo

意大利語 paparazzo，源自由费德里柯·费里尼执导的《甜蜜的生活》的一个角色的名字Signor Paparazzo。

/ˌpɑpəˈɹɑtsoʊ/

/ˌpæpəˈɹætsəʊ/

单数形式paparazzo比复数形式paparazzi少见得很多，以致于paparazzi常被当做仅复数名词来使用，有时候被非标准地当做单数名词。

You may decide to shove the lens down the throat of your aggressor, in the style of an aggrieved celebrity seeking primal redress against a mischievous paparazzo; but then again, most ecstatic rituals are pacific in intent and you may find such violence inappropriate.

2005年April30日，Peter Aspden，“Bright Lights, Big Pity”, The Revolver, in FT magazine，期 № 103 (election special)，頁 46:


paparazzi

paparazzo的复数形式的重新解读，它才是意大利語的标准单数形。

The job of a paparazzi is, roughly, to ‘reveal the truth’ about the rich and the famous.

1997，Eeva Joniken，Soile Veijola，“The Disoriented Tourist: The Figuration of the Tourist in Contemporary Cultural Critique”, in Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 46:

A paparazzi is investigating the lives of a Royal couple.

2000，David Naccache，Michael Tunstall，“How to Explain Side-Channel Leakage to Your Kids”, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems — CHES 2000，Springer, →ISBN，頁 229:

What if someone I know sees me? Or what if a paparazzi is lurking somewhere?

2005，Jude Idada，“Ouch!”, in A Box of Chocolates，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 221:

“Tell Page that PAPARAZZI is here, in my apartment. And then tell her that their offices are right across from us …”

1989，Carol Muske-Dukes，Dear Digby，Viking, →ISBN，頁 148:

Rather, the business paparazzi is armoring itself for a backlash campaign against the entrepreneurial big mouths.

2001，Geert Lovink，“The Rise and Fall of Dotcom Mania”, in Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture，MIT Press, 出版於 2002, →ISBN，頁 354:

Nelishia—You are a special lady with an enormous heart with skills that are off the chains!!! You go girl!!! A definite multi-tasking Diva!! Get your Chanel shades paparazzi is lurking…lol

2006，Kisha Green，And Even If I Did，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 vi:


sanguinary

more sanguinary (comparative)
most sanguinary (superlative)

/ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/

We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences.

1625, Francis Bacon, "Unity in Religion" (Google preview):

It was not merely distaste for court life at Ch’ang An that urged the emperor to make war upon this country. China had substantial grievances against the peninsula kingdom. In the year A.D. 642 P’ing Jang, the Korean capital, had been convulsed by a revolution more sanguinary and more successful than that which had menaced the Chinese court.

1933，“The Korean War and the Closing Years A.D. 645-50”, in Son of Heaven: A Biography of Li Shih-Min, founder of the T’ang Dynasty，Cambridge University Press, 出版於 1971, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 187:

Passion […] makes us brutal and sanguinary.

"The defence set up for Mahomet is equally availing for every sanguinary and revengeful tyrant; […]"

1877，Samuel Green，The Life of Mahomet: Founder of the Religion of Islamism and of the Empire of the Saracens with Notices of the History of Islamism and of Arabia，頁 126:

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Here is the premeditation, the thrill, the strain of accumulating victory or disaster—and no smashed nor sanguinary bodies […], that we who are old enough to remember a real modern war know to be the reality of belligerence.

1913，H. G. Wells，Little Wars, Section VI:

We reached the Point just as a flood of sunset light was dripping from the heavens, staining the lagoon an ominous, sanguinary hue.

1929，Robert Dean Frisbee，The Book of Puka-Puka，Eland, 出版於 2019，頁 117:


tycoon

借自日語 大君 (taikun，“领主；王子”)，幕府将军的一个名号。与taipan有关，其源自粵語 大班 (daai6 baan1)。

Chairman Yu is a tycoon who owns multiple hotel chains.

Yu主席是一个坐拥多个酒店连锁产业链的巨头。

Dagobert had only one customer, an American who wore square, rimless glasses and a beige suit and looked like a Wall Street tycoon.

1956，Delano Ames，章號 24, in Crime out of Mind:


OMG

這是oh my God的縮寫，儘管有時為了避免冒犯而使用委婉語來解釋。在首次出現時，這也是對聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章（Order of St Michael and St George）的雙關語參考。

/ˌəʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

/ˌoʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

由於提及了上帝，OMG可能會被一些人認為具有冒犯性，儘管可以聲稱用意是委婉語，例如oh my gosh或oh my goodness，以減少冒犯。

OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!

天哪，我刚刚赢了一张音乐会的门票！今天是我人生中最美好的一天！

…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?

……然后他说我醜，所以我就给了他的脸一拳。——天哪，真的吗？

I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!

1917年September9日，John A.F. Fisher，letter to Winston Churchill:

10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep

2015，“10 Bands”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late，演出者 Drake:


panentheism

借自德語 Panentheismus，1828年由卡尔·克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·克劳泽所創造，借用古希臘語 πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi，“所有的神”)加上 + -ismus (“表示主義的後綴”)而成。

pan-en-theism (alternative)
Panentheism (alternative)
Pan-en-theism (alternative)

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874，Robert Flint，The Philosophy of History in France and Germany，頁 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895，Benito Pérez Galdós，Doña perfecta，頁 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964，Charles Hartshorne，Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism，頁 348:


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

acquires (third-person singular present)
acquiring (present participle)
acquired (past participle)

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922，Michael Arlen，“3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anker，來自古英語 ancor、ancra，來自拉丁語 ancora，來自(或同源) 古希臘語 ἄγκυρα (ánkura)。現代形式是16世紀修改後的中世紀拉丁語拼寫anchora。

Men that I knew around Wapatomac didn't wear high, shiny plug hats, nor yeller spring overcoats, nor carry canes with ivory heads as big as a catboat's anchor, as you might say.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC，頁 1:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anchoren、ankeren，可能源自名詞或（經由古法語 ancrer）來自中世紀拉丁語動詞ancorare，均來自相同拉丁語詞彙ancora。

anchour (alternative)
anchors (third-person singular present)
anchoring (present participle)
anchored (past participle)

It is an incredible tale and one that makes no sense on so many levels. Only two years ago Leicester were anchored to the foot of the Premier League and staring at the prospect of relegation to the Championship under Nigel Pearson.

2017年March14日，Stuart James，“Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save”, in the Guardian:


dutch

dutches (third-person singular present)
dutching (present participle)
dutched (past participle)

Dutch的首字母小寫形：給可可加碱

Natural cocoa has not been "dutched". I actually prefer the natural, but if you use it, be sure to increase the baking soda to compensate for the additional acid.

2011，boulangere (user name)，“Is Hersheys Special Dark "A blend of Natural and Dutched Cocoas" The same as "Dutch Processed Cocoa Powder?"”, in Food52:


sissy

sissier (comparative)
sissiest (superlative)

[…] she’d decided the wrapping paper was too feminine. It had a viney pattern that wasn’t anything sissier than you’d see in the old Arabian Nights illustrations. But Richard might think they were flowers.

2000，Jeffery Deaver，Manhattan Is My Beat，第revised版, Bantam Books, →ISBN，頁 173:


sissy

多半是拟声词，可能与法語 pipi (“尿”)有关。对比piss; wee-wee。

She has to make. She has to make sissy.

1997，Clark Moustakas，Relationship Play Therapy, →ISBN，頁 160:


sissy

sissies (third-person singular present)
sissying (present participle)
sissied (past participle)

Joan recognized her as the girl whose son had sissied on her pants. She was still dabbing at her pantleg with a damp paper towel.

1979，Rhea Kohan，Save Me a Seat, →ISBN，頁 25:


allow

自中世紀拉丁語 allocō (“分配”)，與 alouer 合併為中世紀拉丁語 allaudō，其現在主動不定式 allaudāre，至盎格魯-諾曼語 allouer、alouer，借至中古英語 allowen、alowen 而來。(透过 allaudāre) allaud 或 (透过 allocāre) allocate 的同源對似詞。
與中古英語 alyfen (源自古英語 ālīefan) 和德語 erlauben 皆源自原始日耳曼語 *uzlaubijaną (“允許”)的相似性純屬巧合。

allows (third-person singular present)
allowing (present participle)
allowed (past participle)

to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest

讓傭人獲得自由；開放免費通行；預留一天時間休息

[…] he needed a great deal of money, but his uncle only allowed him two thousand roubles a year, which was not enough, and for days together he would run about Moscow with his tongue out, as the saying is.

[…] 他需要一大筆錢，但他的叔叔一年只給他兩千盧布，並不夠，一連幾天，他都在莫斯科四處奔波，就像俗話說的：累得伸舌頭。

2004年 [1895年]，康斯坦斯加內特 (譯者)，“Ariadne”, in The Darling: and Other Stories，根據安東·契訶夫原著改編的翻譯作品:

I will allow my son to be absent.

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

有了新鮮材料，分類學結論得以因認識到所檢驗的材料反映其所佔據的地點而更為完善；標本館包裹僅提供了作出合理結論時所需資料的一小部分。標本館的材料確實無法讓人們安全地進行推測：所見即所得 […]

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 vii:

Although I don't consent to their holding such meetings, I will allow them for the time being.

雖然我不贊同他們舉辦這樣的會議，但我暫時會允許他們進行。

Smoking allowed only in designated areas.

僅在指定區域內允許吸菸。

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

演算法在執法中的應用就是其對我們生活影響日益增長的一個例子。隨著它們的普及，關於我們是否應該容許自己如此依賴它們——以及是否有人在監督它們的使用——的辯論也在擴大。

2013年July26日，里歐希克曼，“How algorithms rule the world”, in 衛報周刊，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:

to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow an appeal

承認權利；同意主張；接受申請

You must allow that disagreeing about politics puts a strain on a relationship.

你必須承認政治上的分歧會給關係帶來壓力。

Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case.

奈特利先生，我不會讓你在這起案件中擔任公正的法官。

1815年，珍·奧斯丁，章號 5, in 愛瑪，卷 1:

I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct[…]was highly reprehensible.

我同意，與格倫迪夫人及大多數道德家一樣，紐康小姐的行為 […] 是極其應受譴責的。

Half the night passed before the wench allowed that it might be safe to stop.

過了半夜，那丫頭才認為停下來可能是安全的。

2000年，喬治瑞蒙李察馬丁，劍刃風暴，Bantam, 出版於 2011年，頁 154:

The inlet allowed a facility to bring the money in a boat secretly and at night to the very foot of the hill.

該入口讓人能夠在夜間秘密地用船把錢運送到山腳下。

1824年，華盛頓·歐文，“The Devil and Tom Walker”, in Tales of a Traveller:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

「移動平台」計劃 […] 雖然依賴於傳統鐵軌，但比磁懸浮列車在技術上更具野心。地方列車將使用並行的鐵軌與城際列車並排行駛，並通過對接艙讓乘客能夠換乘。

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in 經濟學人，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers

你們的確作證，你們認可了你們祖先的行為。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 11:48:

We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning.

我們讚揚他的努力，譴責他的傲慢，認可他的一生，讚許他的學識。

Therefore so please thee to return with us,
And of our Athens—thine and ours—to take
The captainship, thou shalt be met with thanks,
Allow'd with absolute power, and thy good name
Live with authority. So soon we shall drive back
Of Alcibiades the approaches wild,
Who, like a boar too savage, doth root up
His country's peace.

因此，若你願意與我們一同回去
接管我們共同的雅典的
領導地位，你將受到感激
被賦予絕對的權力，你的美名
將伴隨權威流傳。我們很快就會擊退
阿爾西比亞德斯那狂野的攻勢
他如同一頭兇猛的野豬，正在撕毀
國家的和平

1623年，威廉莎士比亞，雅典的泰門:

How allow you the model of these clothes?

你覺得這些衣服的款式如何？

1632年，菲利普馬辛格, 納森菲爾德，The Fatal Dowry, 第 4 幕，場景 1:

Easy on violence, now I doubt it
I could’ve banged this face but allowed it

我現在質疑平和面對暴力的做法
我本可以揍這張臉，但我放過他了

2021年November3日，“Who's My man?”, Starzzy #MostHated 作詞，0:30:


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

accentuates (third-person singular present)
accentuating (present participle)
accentuated (past participle)

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913，Robert Barr，章號 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


submachine gun

Bare-chested children and their parents gathered in doorways, on roofs and in windows as he passed, watched warily by Brazilian troops carrying submachine guns.

当他经过时，赤裸上身的孩子和他们的父母聚集在门口、屋顶和窗户上，手持冲锋枪的巴西士兵警惕地注视着他。

2007年March9日，Jim Rutenberg, Larry Rohter，“Bush’s South America Tour Incites Fight for Attention”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


surreptitious

借自拉丁語 surrēptīcius (“鬼鬼祟祟的，秘密的”)，源自surrēpō (“爬，爬过”)。

more surreptitious (comparative)
most surreptitious (superlative)

/ˌsʌɹɪpˈtɪʃəs/

/səˌɹɛpˈtɪʃəs/

/ˌsʌɹəpˈtɪʃəs/

/ˌsɛɹəpˈtɪʃəs/

鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的，悄悄的

He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

It is also worth noting the case law on prisoners' correspondence which establishes that interception of a person's communications need not be surreptitious in order to amount to an interference with respect to Art 8 (1) [ECHR].

1998，Lee A. Bygrave，“Data Protection Pursuant to the Right to Privavy in Human Rights Treaties”, in International Journal of Law and Information Technology，卷 6, 期 3，頁s 260–261:


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000，Herbert L. Bonkovsky，Richard W. Lambrecht，“44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment，頁 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, Porphyrias, Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti (editors), European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419,

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010，James C. Barton，Corwin Q. Edwards，Pradyumna D. Phatak，Robert S. Britton，Bruce R. Bacon，Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders，頁 160:


squirm

最早记录见于17世纪末叶，词源不详。可能是拟声词，或与worm (“蠕动”)或swarm有关。

squirms (third-person singular present)
squirming (present participle)
squirmed (past participle)

fidget

（因尴尬或羞耻而）扭动身子

The prisoner managed to squirm out of the straitjacket.

囚犯扭来扭去，最后把拘束衣挣脱开了。

The Dutchman then missed a retaken second spot-kick, before the Trotters hit back when Daniel Sturridge's shot squirmed under Heurelho Gomes.

2011年February5日，Michael Kevin Darling，“Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC:


gangly

ganglier (comparative)
gangliest (superlative)

She was gangly and wild and walked with her wrists turned inside out...

Individuals of this rabbit species tend to be very large (about the size of a beagle dog); they have long ears and long, gangly legs and a very thin fur coats.

2007，Oswald J. Schmitz，Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation，頁 34:

[Peter Crouch] The gangly striker played a one-two with Jermaine Pennant as the winger cut in from the right, and although Pennant easily jinked past centre-half Brede Hangeland, he shot narrowly wide of the far post.

2011年October15日，Owen Phillips，“Stoke 2 - 0 Fulham”, in BBC Sport:


fucking

fecking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

freaking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

frigging

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

fuckening

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

No fucking way.

Yeah, she caught my eye, as I walked on by / She could see from my face that I was fucking high

2005，James Blunt （作曲作詞）, “You're Beautiful”, in Back to Bedlam:

“Every time it’s shown, I get e-mail from young guys who want to get it on with me,” she said. “Which is wonderful. I’m seventy-seven fucking years old.”

2006年March6日，Lauren Collins，引 Harriet Sohmers Zwerling, “Last Bohemians”, in The New Yorker:

Get your fucking car out of the way.

把你的破车开到别的地方去。

Get me off your fucking mailing list.

把我移出你的傻逼邮寄清单

Even when Trump won, Murdoch was unconvinced, reportedly privately calling him a “fucking idiot” following one conversation about immigration.

2022年November10日，Adam Gabbatt，引 Rupert Murdoch, “Has ‘Trumpty Dumpty’ taken a great fall from Rupert Murdoch’s grace?”, in The Guardian:


fucking

You've never seen a bunch of guys more fucking shocked to lose

2004，Tommy Lee with Anthony Bozza, Tommy Land，頁 79:

A bit young to be so cynical and so superior, you may think. My reply is that you should fucking well have been there, and felt it for yourself.

2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic 2011, p. 81:


eat one's words

eats one's words (third-person singular present)
eating one's words (present participle)
ate one's words (past)
eaten one's words (past participle)

后悔说过的话，承认说过的话是错的

He didn't think I could do it, but I proved him wrong and made him eat his words.

他觉得我做不到，但我证明他错了，让他收回了自己的话。

This time, you have to eat your words, because, like it or not, you lost.

这次你说错了，因为不管你服不服气，你输了。

"Better retract that," she advised, "hadn't you?" "Why should I?" "Because if you're stupid enough to remain in Bombay, I'll make you eat your words one day."

1936，F.J. Thwaites，章號 II, in The Redemption，Sydney: H. John Edwards，頁 16:


tepid

uninterested

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

lukewarm

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

He gave me a tepid response to the proposal.

他给我的提案的回答不冷不热。

The erratic behaviour of Hariri now is largely explained by the fact that his best days may be behind him, given his long absences from the country for security reasons, his declining Saudi business interests, some local challenges to his tepid leadership in recent municipal elections, and his decline in stature in the eyes of his Saudi backers.

2016年October22日，Rami G Khouri，“Lebanese oligarchy preserves its interests once again”, in Aljazeera:


bigtime

more bigtime (comparative)
most bigtime (superlative)

Wait till you see your name in two-foot electrics over the front of every big-time house in the country.

1918，Edna Ferber，“That’s Marriage”, in Cheerful—By Request，Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.，頁 169:

Krasnow is a big-time operator; I’ve always been, you might say, in the peanut end of the game.

1954 May，Richard Wilson，“Back to Julie”, in Galaxy Science Fiction，卷 8, 期 2，頁 69:

'On the level, honey, I have an all-time, big-time need for coffee.'

1959，Marc Brody，Low Dive for Lola，頁 i. 9:

Tired of shelling out bigtime bucks to see overpaid major leaguers with underwhelming stats and attitudes to match, baseball fans by the thousands are rediscovering a more relaxed—and cheaper—version of the national pastime: the minor leagues.

1997 July，Jennifer Zajac，“Get some major league fun at Little League dollars”, in Money，卷 26, 期 7，頁 158:

With a previous conviction in 1954 for receiving tins of corned beef, Betchley was hardly bigtime.

2006年April23日，“A twist in the tale”, in The Observer:


bigtime

This was the first test for that message -- and it failed bigtime.

2018年March15日，Bill Press，“‘Lamb the Sham’ beats ‘Trump the Chump’”, in Chicago Tribune:


bigtime

The Financial News Network’s SCORE program […] hit the bigtime last Monday by offering live coverage of Snow Chief’s victory in the Jersey Derby […]

1986年May30日，Larry Stewart，“It’s Time to Replace the Talking Heads With Racing Cars”, in Los Angeles Times:

Thirty years ago Rob Halford led Judas Priest, and heavy metal itself, out of the Midlands and into the bigtime.

2010年May20日，Roy Wilkinson，“How Judas Priest invented heavy metal”, in The Guardian:


big time

big league

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

major league

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

This was a rare whiff of the big-time for a club whose staple diet became top-flight football for so long - the glamour was in short supply, however. Thousands of empty seats and the driving Yorkshire rain saw to that.

2012，Ben Smith，Leeds United 2-1 Everton:


big time

more big time (comparative)
most big time (superlative)

A Wheel of Fortune contestant was about to win a shot at the million dollar grand prize when he bumbled his answer and lost out big time.

2013年September18日，“Wheel of Fortune contestant loses chance at $1 million after mispronouncing a word”, in Daily Mail:

“American doesn’t hedge,” said Seth Kaplan, managing partner for the trade publication Airlines Weekly. “So, they have won big time.”

2015年January28日，Hugo Martin，“American Airlines’ fuel-buying bet pays off in record profit”, in Los Angeles Times:

North Vancouver condo buyers ‘won big time playing the long game’ [title]

2019年December6日，Kerry Gold，“North Vancouver condo buyers ‘won big time playing the long game’”, in The Globe and Mail (Vancouver):

Peterborough United almost missed out on signing star man Ivan Toney, but now they are set to cash in big-time [title]

2020年June22日，Alan Swann，“Peterborough United almost missed out on signing star man Ivan Toney, but now they are set to cash in big-time”, in Peterborough Telegraph:

But on other fronts there’s a clear case for optimism. Science has come to our rescue, big time, with the miraculously fast development of vaccines against the coronavirus.

2021年January1日，Paul Krugman，“Things Will Get Better. Seriously.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


rent boy

Francis Urquhart: Got anything on him?
Tim Stamper: There was a whiff of scandal about ten years ago.
Francis Urquhart: Rent boy. In a train. To Red Hill. Yes. Wanted to sell his story but we bought it and hushed him up. Be ungentlemanly to bring that up. A man's private life should be private.
Tim Stamper: On the other hand, getting sucked off in second class is hardly prime ministerial behaviour.
Francis Urquhart: Yes, you have a point there.

1990，House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

An Irishman came up to him, bought him a drink, asked him if he was a rent boy, and agreed to give £40 for coming back.

1992，Donald James West, Buz De Villiers，Male prostitution，頁 93:

Just then, a rent boy with perfect white teeth and a babyface flashed me one of those unforgettable Thai smiles.

2007，John Patrick，Dangerous Boys, Rent Boys，頁 12:


cytokine

來自cyto- + 古希臘語 κίνησις (kínēsis，“活動”)。

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975年July18日，Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S.，“Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology，卷 80, 期 1，頁 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26,

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter (editors), Preface, Cytokines, page v,

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza (editor), Preface, Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, Volume 16, page xiii,


apoptosis

來自古希臘語 ἀπόπτωσις (apóptōsis，“脫落”)，來自ἀπό (apó，“遠離”) + πτῶσις (ptôsis，“脫落”)。

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.

1972，J. F. R. Kerr，A. H. Wyllie，A. R. Currie，“Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics”, in British journal of cancer，卷 26, →DOI:

Indeed, so important is apoptosis that it is gradually becoming clear that almost all therapeutic cancer treatment works only because it induces apoptosis by alerting p53 and its colleagues.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 238:

Apoptosis is routine in developmental processes such as the removal of webbing between fingers in humans, the loss of tadpole tails in amphibians, and insect metamorphosis.

2011, Terence Allen and Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 74:


acetaminophen

醋氨酚、乙醯胺基酚、對乙醯胺基酚

You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain

“I [have] actually witnessed a resident have to be taken to the emergency room because of acetaminophen toxicity,” Lee recalls. “I was pushed to find a solution because I wanted to help the residents who I volunteer for.”

2025年March28日，Ella Jeffries，This 17-Year-Old Scientist Is Making an Acetaminophen Alternative That Is Less Damaging to the Liver:


trial and error

Navigating by trial and error may get you there eventually, but using a map is faster.

通过反复试验可能最终会到达目的地，但使用地图会更快。

Trial and error was a big part of the process: "We need to fail down here so we don't fail up there," [Neil] Armstrong insists, though even some of the mistakes and malfunctions at ground level cause devastating casualties.

2018年October9日，A. A. Dowd，“The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-06-16: