come what may

If you vant a more polished sort o' feller, vell and good, have him; but vages or no vages, notice or no notice, board or no board, lodgin' or no lodgin', Sam Veller, as you took from the old inn in the Borough, sticks by you, come what may.

如果你想要一個更有品位的人，那好吧，隨你；但是無論有工資與否、有通知與否、有食宿與否，薩姆·維勒無論如何都會陪在你身邊，正如從老旅館帶你走的那樣。

1837，Charles Dickens，章號 56, in The Pickwick Papers:

[W]e are here of a set purpose and we will go forward with it, come what may.

我們來這裡是有明確的目的，我們會堅持下去，無論發生什麼事。

1906，Arthur Conan Doyle，章號 21, in Sir Nigel:

Still, now the prime minister remains "on message," reiterating that the election will be held in January, come what may.

然而，現在首相仍然保持「一致的立場」，重申選舉無論如何都將在一月舉行。

2004年September23日，Tony Karon，“Allawi Rides to Bush's Rescue”, in Time:

May it be, come what may, that I rest all my days in the goodness of Jesus.

願我不管怎樣，都能在耶穌的慈愛中安息直到終老。

2018，Fiona Aghajanian, Harrison Druery, Michael Farren, Jaywan Maxwell, Jonny Robinson, Rich Thompson （作曲作詞）, “The Goodness of Jesus”, in Yet Not I:


interfulgent

more interfulgent (comparative)
most interfulgent (superlative)

The window at each gable end stood open; into one fell the silvery splendor of the moon; the other was dusky with shadows, though beyond he caught the interfulgent rays among the sycamore leaves.

两扇山墙的窗户都敞开着，一扇窗户里洒满了银色的月光，另一扇窗户则笼罩在昏暗的阴影中，不过他能透过它看到梧桐树叶间闪烁的月光。

1891，Mary Noailles Murfree，In the "Stranger People's" Country，Nebraska, 出版於 2005，頁 28:


ducks

水手在炎热气候下穿着的轻便裤子

His spotless white ducks set tight about the hips, and hang loosely at the bottom, just allowing the tips of a pair of patent-leather pumps to peep out from beneath their ample breadth.

1856，Charles Nordhoff，Nine Years a Sailor:


deuces

再見，回見（因為對應的手勢舉起兩根手指）

Nigga! You got until tonight to get your shit, deuces nigga!

哥们！你今晚之前得把东西拿走，回头见！


dogmatizer

But in stead of any fuller view of these, I shall mention some few of those, which our closer, and later experience hath made most familiar to us, and given us reason to look on with a quickness of sense, and dread, but those such, as being not entred into the Confessions of any national Church, are not properly chargeable either on Papists, or Protestants, but on particular dogmatizers on both parties […]

1654，Henry Hammond，Of Fundamentals in a Notion referring to Practise:

If it was the case that native dogmatizers were prohibiting the use of Spanish before the huacas and the use of the name of Jesus, then the information implies a large degree of cultural and religious acculturation by 1617 in the Province of Lima.

2015，Andrew Redden，Diabolism in Colonial Peru, 1560–1750:


attinge

借自拉丁語 attingō (“觸碰”)。attain和attainder 的同源對似詞。

attinges (third-person singular present)
attinging (present participle)
attinged (past participle)

ambient parts of the Body (which are attinged with its yellow Attire)

1685，Samuel Collins，A Systeme Of Anatomy:


counterterrorism

Still other officials say the mayhem may be partly a result of a vicious rivalry between two Qaeda subcommanders in Mali, Mokhtar Belmokhtar and Abdelhamid Abu Zeid, a clash that underscores the kind of autonomous jihad cells that counterterrorism officials say are particularly hard to combat.

另有官员表示，造成此次混乱的部分原因可能是基地组织在马里的两名副指挥官穆赫塔尔·贝尔穆赫塔尔和阿卜杜勒哈米德·阿布·扎伊德之间激烈的竞争，反恐官员称，这种冲突凸显了圣战组织是那种特别难以打击的独立组织。

2009年October7日，Eric Schmitt，“Qaeda Branch Steps Up Raids in North Africa”, in The New York Times:


judicate

借自拉丁語 iūdicāt-, iūdicāre，部分可能是截斷 adjudicate 而來。 judge 的同源對似詞。

judicates (third-person singular present)
judicating (present participle)
judicated (past participle)

Parasites and Flatterers, I wyll make so to abound, / That Trueth shalbe defaced, and stand aloofe behinde: / Auarice and Couetousnesse, shall compasse euerie ground, / That fewe shall haue credite, freendship to finde, / Wauerers and Neuters shall houer in the winde, / That Sycophants and brablers, preheminence shall haue, / To predicate and iudicate, before the wyse and graue.

[1577?]，Laurence Ramsey，The Practise of the Diuell. The Auncient Poisoned Practises of the Diuell, in His Papistes, Against the True Professors of Gods Holy Worde, in These Our Latter Daye. […]，London: […] [J. Charlewood] for Tymothie Rider, and are to be solde […] by Henrie Kyrkham; republished in Early English Books Online，Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:

And to enter him befoir the saids Provest and baillies of Innernis, to be judicatit be them for his wrange or fact crym he sal commit, to suffer thairfoir according as he sail merit at the discretioun of the Judges, vnder the pain foirsaid: Quhairvpon tuick act.

[1613年July31日，Records of Inverness，卷 II (Burgh Court Books: 1602-37; Minutes of Town Council: 1637-88) (語言：低地蘇格蘭語), Aberdeen: […] [T]he New Spalding Club, 出版於 1924，頁 112:

Quapropter cum Ariſtoteles neſciat naturam, proprietates, itemque generationum cauſas, ac quidditatem; quis non judicaverit, ex aridis cisternis Scholorum aquas Philoſophiæ haustas hactenus? Octo enim libri auſultationum Phyſicarum, ſomnia et privationes, pro naturæ cognitione exponunt.

1654，Jo[hn] Webster，Academiarum Examen, or the Examination of Academies. Wherein Is Discussed and Examined the Matter, Method and Customes of Academick and Scholastick Learning, and the Insufficiency Thereof Discovered and Laid Open; […]，London: […] Giles Calvert, […]，頁s 66–67:

The ſublime end of creation and moral government as taught us, by revelation--the rational and immortal nature wherewith we are endowed--the nature of things in a variety of views--the character and perfections of God and of his government, infinitely wiſe, holy, juſt, good and perfect--the property of his kingdom as everlaſting--the ill-demerit of ſin--the neceſſity and importance of ſuch a puniſhment to his enemies, to illuſtrate the character of God, of Chriſt, and of the divine government, and the doctrine of redemption in higheſt glory--and to eſtabliſh the authority and ſettle the everlaſting kingdom of God, in eternal ſecurity and peace, in higheſt dignity, perfection and glory, accompanied with the higheſt poſſible ſecurity and happineſs to all his holy, faithful ſubjects---and the cleareſt exhibition of the kingdom, power, and glory as the Lord’s. Theſe in connection do judicate the doctrine highly credible, worthy of all acceptation and our firmeſt belief.

1786，Stephen Johnson，The Everlasting Punishment of the Ungodly, Illustrated and Evinced to Be a Scripture Doctrine: and the Salvation of All Men, as Taught in Several Late Publications, Confuted. […]，New London, Conn.: […] Timothy Green，頁 37:

“[…] And what think you got I for telling her the true even-doun fact?” / “Probably whatever she had in her hand.” / “O, ye’re a saterical man!—to judicate that leddies would be flinging housholdry at ane anither’s heads![…]”

1826，John Galt，章號 XIV, in The Last of the Lairds: or, The Life and Opinions of Malachi Mailings, Esq. of Auldbiggings，Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […]，頁s 128–129:

But he rushed out together with the kettle-drum, and rushed into the New Court,⁶ and began to judicate.

1853，Aristophanes，譯者 William James Hickie, “The Wasps”, in The Comedies of Aristophanes. A New and Literal Translation, From the Revised Text of Dindorf, with Notes and Extracts from the Best Metrical Versions.，卷 I ( […]), London: Henry G[eorge] Bohn, […], →OCLC，頁 187:

The principal question arising in this case has never before been judicated in this court, and is therefore a case of the first importance to the great interests involved

1869 April，“Important Fire Insurance Decision”, in The Insurance Times: A Journal Solely Devoted to Life, Fire and Marine Insurance，卷 II, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: Stephen English, […]，頁 269，列 2:

But fur all the years he was justice o’ the peace, an’ right successful settlin’ other people’s disputes, he never somehow got round to ’judicatin’ that row ’ith Si over the old schoolhouse.

1912 February，Edfrid Bingham，“Seth and Si”, in Everybody’s Magazine，卷 XXVI, 期 2, New York, N.Y.，頁 264，列 1:

To judicate, therefore, between these disparate views is difficult not only because there may be some merit to both but rather because such is not the function of the critic, any critic.

1968，Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought，卷 10, New York, N.Y.: Rabbinical Council of America, →ISSN，頁 72，列 1:

Two months later, Cesarini warned those responsible to be attentive ‘that a multitude be not indiscriminately admitted, because it is no small burden and honour to be admitted in so sublime a gathering to judicate for the whole world’.

1971，Joseph Gill，“The representation of the universitas fidelium in the councils of the conciliar period”, in Councils and Assemblies: Papers Read at the Eighth Summer Meeting and the Ninth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society (Studies in Church History; 7)，Cambridge, Cambs.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁 192:

She [Deviekha Chetram] served on the board of directors for Markham Arts Council and has judicated several local dance competitions and pageants.

2011，Vidur Dindayal，“Deviekha Chetram”, in Guyanese Achievers, USA & Canada: A Celebration，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 87:


pizzica

借自意大利語 pizzica。

意大利流行的传统舞蹈，起源于萨兰托半岛

With strings, accordion, flute and lots of tambourine, it pays particular attention to the pizzica, a galloping six-beat dance related to the tarantella and long used as a faith-healing cure for spider bites.

2007年January19日，The New York Times，“Pop and Rock Listings”, in New York Times:


attributive

more attributive (comparative)
most attributive (superlative)

In "this big house", "big" is attributive, whereas in "this house is big", it is predicative.

在“这所大房子”中，“大”是定语；而在“这所房子很大”中，“大”是表语。

In "this tiger is a man-eater," "man" is an attributive noun.

在“这只老虎是食人兽”中，“人”是定语名词。

Since both Attributes and Adjuncts recursively expand N-bar into N-bar, it seems clear that the two have essentially the same function, so that Attributes are simply pronominal Adjuncts (though we shall continue to follow tradition and refer to attributive premodifiers as Attributes rather than Adjuncts).

1988，Andrew Radford，Transformational grammar: a first course，Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press，頁 197:

ATTRIBUTIVE NOUN. A noun that modifies another noun: steel in steel bridge; London in London house.

定语名词。修饰名词的名词：steel brdige 中的 steel，以及 London house 中的 London。

2005，Thomas Burns McArthur, Tom McArthur, Roshan McArthur，Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language:

Grammatically, three ways of using adjectives can be distinguished: the attributive use, the predicative use and the adverbial use. We will only deal with the attributive and the predicative use here. In the attributive use, the adjective, within an NP, is attached to the head noun, e.g. a dubious company, a red balloon, the stupid driver.

从语法上讲，形容词的用法可以分为三种：定语用法、表语用法和状语用法。本文我们只讨论定语用法和表语用法。在定语用法中，名词短语中的形容词加在中心名词后面，例如：a dubious company（一家可疑的公司）、a red balloon（一只红气球）、the stupid driver（那个愚蠢的司机）。

To hate, &c.] Or thus, To be affected with hatred and horrour at. For abhor, though arranged in our dictionaries among verbs active, attributes an affection rather than an act of the mind. As the mind however is an active principle, all verbs attributive of what passes in the mind, even those we call neuter, attribute at the same time some mental act or operation. To grieve is reckoned a verb neuter; yet in grieving at some misfortune, the mind is not less active than it is in abhorring or loathing an object; which latter verbs are called verbs active.

1806，Benjamin Dawson，Philologia Anglicana: or, a Philological and synonymical dictionary of the English language ["A-Adornment"]，頁 36:

* 947 आल and आट put after वाक् Speech, with it form adjectives attributive of much bad or improper speaking; as वाचाल, or वाचाट Who utters much bad language.
* 948 […] affixed to nouns, with them form adjectives attributive of detraction,[…]

1808，Charles Wilkins，A Grammar of the Sanskrita Language，頁 516:

Notably, along with being attributive of color, some of those adjectives are used to characterize sound or intensity of sensation (e.g. pain may behele 'shrill' or tume 'dull'), cognitive abilities (such as hearing, vision and acumen),[…]

值得注意的是，除了表示颜色之外，其中一些形容词还用于描述声音或感觉强度（例如疼痛可能表现为“刺的”或“钝的”），认知能力（如听觉、视觉和敏锐度）， […]

2007年November21日，Robert E. MacLaury, Galina V. Paramei, Don Dedrick，Anthropology of Color: Interdisciplinary multilevel modeling，John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN，頁 201:


blame game

buck-passing

相互推诿，相互推卸责任，互相责怪

相互推诿，相互推卸责任，互相责怪

She was, in addition, always extremely careful to share with the friends in her Support System her belief that it would be whiny and pathetic to play what she derisively called the "Blame Game" and blame her constant and indescribable adult pain on their parents' traumatic divorce or their cynical use of her.

[1998 January，David Foster Wallace，“The Depressed Person”, in Harpers Magazine，頁 58:

The UK and France are “engaging in a blame game” over people making perilous Channel crossings in small boats, Labour has said, rather than sitting down together to try to work out a way to prevent more deaths.

工党表示，英国和法国正在就乘坐小船穿越英吉利海峡的人员安全问题互相推諉，而不是坐下来共同寻找防止更多人员死亡的方法。

2021年November28日，Peter Walker，“UK and France playing ‘blame game’ after Channel deaths, say Labour”, in The Guardian:

A blame game is taking place between Network Rail and the Football Association regarding the closure of the West Coast Main Line over the Easter Bank Holiday, which coincides with an FA Cup semi-final taking place at Wembley Stadium on April 16.

英国铁路网公司和英格兰足球协会之间就复活节公众假期期间西海岸主线关闭一事互相指责，而复活节假期恰逢4月16日在温布利球场举行的足总杯半决赛。

2022年April6日，Industry Insider，“Fixture clashes”, in RAIL，期 954，頁 68:

The estimates of the cost of “Trussonomics” will intensify a bitter blame game now being played out at the top of the Tory party.

对“特拉斯经济学”成本的估算将加剧保守党高层之间激烈的互相指责。

2022年November12日，Toby Helm, Phillip Inman，“Revealed: the £30bn cost of Liz Truss’s disastrous mini-budget”, in The Guardian:

Political parties are ensnared in a blame game, with the ruling and opposition parties blaming each other. An audit will no doubt follow.

政党陷入互相推诿的泥潭，执政党和反对党相互指责。毫无疑问，审计即将到来。

2023年August9日，Raphael Rashid，“‘Worst nightmare’: South Korea mulls disastrous Scout jamboree”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


beautifulest

[…] and thy dear Baby Charles, as chance had ordered, had a fair sight of the beautifulest of princesses, Henrietta Maria, sister to the king […]

1857，Benjamin Franklin Tefft，The shoulder-knot; or, Sketches of the three-fold life of man: A story of the seventeenth century，Harper &d Brothers，頁s 175–6:

"I saw the beautifulest dress displayed in the window; the color was one of the delicatest blues I ever saw."

1922，Charles N. Lurie，How to say it: helpful hints on English，G.P. Putnam's sons，頁 23:

They were the beautifulest boys I ever laid eyes on, and uncle sot great store by them.

1970, Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm and Paul Dennis Sporer, Half a Century, Anza Publishing, p. 34:

But one was the most beautifullest in the town. She was the most beautifullest in the whole kingdom. And the queen and king invited the most beautifullest girl in town to their palace.

2003，Sandra Smidt，The Early Years，頁 166:

Hattie said, "Yes, we are all beautiful but I'm the beautifulest!"

2008，Lee Green Pope，The Cinderella Diary:

"Mama, Pawpaw says I'm the most beautifulest girl in the whole wide world," Onyx said proudly.

2009，Lutishia Lovely，A Preacher's Passion，頁 126:


methicillin

The new strain was dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

这种新菌株被称为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，简称MRSA。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 53:


Mecklenburg

梅克倫堡（德國北部波羅的海沿岸的一個歷史地區，為現代州 of 梅克倫堡-前波莫瑞州的一部分）。

Since the reign of Charlemagne, this country is divided into High and Low Germany... the provinces of Lower Germany towards the north conſiſt of the Low Country of the Rhine, Triers, Cologn, Mentz, Weſtphalia, Heſſe, Brunſwic, Miſnia, Luſatia, High Saxony upon the Elbe, Low Saxony upon the Elbe, Mecklenburg, Lauenburg, Brandenburg, Magdeburg, and Pomerania.

自查理曼大帝统治以来，这个国家被分为上德意志和下德意志……下德意志省份向北包括莱茵河低地、特里尔、科隆、门茨、威斯特伐利亚、黑森、不伦瑞克、迈森、卢萨蒂亚、易北河畔上萨克森、易北河畔下萨克森、梅克伦堡、劳恩堡、勃兰登堡、马格德堡和波美拉尼亚。

1759，George Sale et al.，“The Modern Part of an Universal History”, in History of the German Empire，卷 XXIX，頁 2:

Men like Fritz Reuter (employing the Mecklenburg dialect) and Klaus Groth (employing the Holstein dialect) have tried to raise it [= New-Low-German, or Plattdeutsch] to a written language.
弗里茨·罗伊特（使用梅克伦堡方言）和克劳斯·格罗特（使用荷尔斯泰因方言）等人曾试图将其 [新低地德语，或 Plattdeutsch] 提升为一种书面语言。

1886, H. A. Strong, Kuno Meyer, Outlines of a history of the German language, p. 67f. (https://books.google.com/books?id=OhJKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA68):


bewend

繼承自中古英語 bewenden、biwenden，繼承自古英語 bewendan (“轉”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *biwandijan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *biwandijaną。By surface analysis, be- + wend。

bewends (third-person singular present)
bewending (present participle)
bewent (past participle)
bewended (past participle)

Glowing under day's warm sunning, Sparkling with thy ripples' running, Taking to thee brooks and rills, Valley-draining, dell-bewending, Water-taking, water- sending, Down to dairy farms and mills, [...]

1971，William Barnes，One hundred poems - Page 62:

In between modern technics, nearlier spoken the wale-bewended modern logistic outlaying of thinking and speaking, has already set oversetting machines in going.


clavicembalo

clavicembalos (plural)
clavicembali (plural)

Also we recall that Agnesi's life was bound up with that of a younger sister, Maria Teresa, who is known in the history of music as a composer and pianist, that is, virtuoso on the clavicembalo.

1970，Edna Kramer，The Nature and Growth of Modern Mathematics，Princeton, 出版於 1982，頁 706:

He taught me composition and how to improve my playing on the clavicembalo [譯 Jnſtrument] and also the harp […].

1999, Mike Mitchell, translating HJC von Grimmelshausen, Simplicissimus, III.17, Dedalus 2016, p. 253:


exoneration

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-exoneration.wav

Alpaca. (Camelus Pacos,) also Paco. […] This animal, like the camel, is domable, and will carry from seven to nine stone; it will fall on its knees for the convenient reception and exoneration of its burthen.

羊驼（Camelus Pacos），也叫 Paco。 […] 这种动物像骆驼一样，温顺，可以驮七到九石的重物；它会跪下，以便方便地接住和卸下重担。

1815，Antonio de Alcedo，“Provincial Terms, &c.”, in The Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies. Containing and Entire Translation of the Spanish Work of Colonel Don Antonio de Alcedo, […] In Five Volumes，卷 V, London: Printed for the author, and published by Carpenter and Son, Old Bond-Street; [et al.], →OCLC，頁 8:

Mr. Spitzer’s proposal also calls for the creation of a state office that would be responsible for studying all cases that resulted in exonerations and looking for flaws in the system that led to those wrongful convictions.

斯皮策的提案还呼吁设立一个州级办公室，负责研究所有最终被免罪的案件，并寻找导致这些错误定罪的制度缺陷。

2007年May14日，Patrick Mcgeehan，“New York Plan for DNA Data in Most Crimes”, in New York Times:


synonymic

He intended to publish a flora of the island, and drafted out a synonymic catalogue, into which he inserted from time to time elaborate descriptions drawn up from living specimens of the species which he was able to procure.

1999，J. G. Baker，Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles:


antonymic

more antonymic (comparative)
most antonymic (superlative)

同類詞：coordinate、cohyponymous、parasynonymous、plesionymic、plesionymous、antiphrastic

Similarly, antonymic relationships vary by sense.

同样，反义关系也因意义而异。

2003，M. Lynne Murphy，Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms，頁 30:


Sweeney

快速特警队（伦敦警察的一个分支）

It turned out the police wouldn't raid the place until the Monday morning but in the meantime there were drinks to drink and drugs to take. Even Lettsbe and the Sweeney arrived and joined in the celebrations with us.
The police, however, did hit Jill's address early on Monday morning.


defenestrate

defenestration 的逆構詞，源自拉丁語 de- (“從，出”) + fenestra (“窗戶”)。

defenestrates (third-person singular present)
defenestrating (present participle)
defenestrated (past participle)

从权力或权威的位置上移除或开除

The cultural historians of science 'feel the need to defenestrate science, or at least take it off its pedestal' (Pumfrey. Rossi & Slawinski 1991. p. 3).

1998，Barry J. Fraser, Kenneth George Tobin，International Handbook of Science Education，卷 2:

Ever since he helped to defenestrate Richard Nixon in 1974, Mr Woodward has been a sort of super-reporter ...

自从1974年帮助将理查德·尼克松赶下台以来，伍德沃德先生一直是一位超级记者……

According to the guidebooks, they do it so strenuously that women would very much like to defenestrate the custom.

2004，Mary Carey, Kim Berquist，Writing from a Small Country: Anthology of the Creative Writing Club, Luxembourg:


listy

more listy (comparative)
most listy (superlative)

Yes it will be helpful to make a list. I am a very 'listy' sort of person. And lists are very good when you are running out of motivation and impetus.

是的，列个清单会很有帮助。我是个很喜欢列清单的人。当你缺乏动力和动力的时候，清单就非常有用。

1999，Dominic H. Lam, Steven H. Jones, Peter Hayward，Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder:


fraudster

With a few exceptions, all those changes were published in the Ontario Gazette, a little-read compendium of government business that comes out every week. The province requires this by law, as do most Canadian jurisdictions, nominally to thwart fraudsters and deadbeats.
除少数例外，所有这些变化都刊登在《安大略公报》上。这是一份每周出版的、阅读量不大的政府事务概要。安大略和大多数加拿大司法管辖区一样，依法要求这样做，名义上是为了打击诈骗分子和赖账者。

2016 Eric Andrew-Gee Why and how Ontarians change their names in the 21st century The Globe and Mail

CPS MerseyCheshire welcomes the jailing of Helen Dove who conned her friend into giving up her job for a dream post that never existed. Kimberley McDonnell lost around £50,000 because of the fraudster.

柴郡默西皇家检控署对海伦·多夫被判入狱表示欢迎，她曾欺骗朋友放弃工作，去从事一份根本不存在的梦想职位。金伯利·麦克唐纳因这名诈骗犯损失了约5万英镑。

2020年January29日，“Woman jailed for conning her friend into giving up her job for a dream post that never existed”, in CPS Mersey-Cheshire，London: Crown Prosecution Service, retrieved 2020-01-30:

Northern has made it harder for fraudsters to cheat checks on barcode season tickets. The operator has made it impossible for people to screenshot tickets from within the Northern app and then share the tickets for others to use.

北方铁路公司已采取措施，使作假者更难通过条形码季票在检票时浑水摸鱼。公司已禁止人们在北方铁路公司应用程序内截取车票截图，并将其分享给他人使用。

2023年February22日，“Network News: Northern thwarts barcode cheats”, in RAIL，期 977，頁 25:


cause celebre

Shortly after he left Government service as a translator at the Supreme Court, the cause celebre was the assassination of a radically-minded (Sun Yat-sen supporting) school teacher in his own classroom by gunmen hired by the police chief in Canton.

1987，Anthony Sweeting，“A MIDDLEMAN FOR ALL SEASONS: SNAPSHOTS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOK MAN CHEUNG AND HIS "ENGLISH MADE EASY"”, in Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society，卷 27，頁 62:

Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who died this week, was a boxer in the United States. He was convicted of a 1966 triple homicide in two trials and became a cause celebre, inspiring Bob Dylan's song Hurricane.

2014年April24日，Alex von Tunzelmann，“The Hurricane: the facts of Rubin Carter's life story are beaten to a pulp”, in The Guardian:


cause célèbre

源自法語 cause (“原因，起因；案件，訴訟”) + célèbre (“著名”)，最早出现于18世纪著名法律案例汇编Causes célèbres（《名案录》）的标题中。

轟動的案件，眾所周知的事件

Getting iced out by the tech giants turned Parler into a cause célèbre for conservatives who complained they were being censored, as well as a test case for the openness of the internet.

2021年February15日，Jack Nicas，“Parler, a Social Network That Attracted Trump Fans, Returns Online”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

As Musk has waged this pressure campaign, he has incessantly posted in support of the far right in Europe and their current causes célèbres.

2025年January10日，Ali Breland，“Elon Has Appointed Himself King of the World”, in The Atlantic:


vibe coding

由斯洛伐克加拿大的AI研究者安德烈·卡帕斯在2025年2月造出，参见下方引文。

反复使用大语言模型生成代码而自己基本不理解的编程

There's a new kind of coding I call "vibe coding", where you fully give in to the vibes, embrace exponentials, and forget that the code even exists.

[2025年February2日，@karpathy [Andrej Karpathy]，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2025-02-03:

With all this vibe coding going on, we had to turn to an expert for some input. Simon Willison, an independent software developer and AI researcher, offered a nuanced perspective on AI-assisted programming in an interview with Ars Technica. "I really enjoy vibe coding," he said. "It's a fun way to try out an idea and prove if it can work."

2025年March5日，Benj Edwards，“Will the future of software development run on vibes?”, in Ars Technica，存檔自the original on 2025-03-15:


butterfly stroke

As you begin to integrate butterfly into your workouts, begin with two to four full butterfly strokes from the wall, then swim easy freestyle for the remainder of the length.

2009，Jim Montgomery, Mo Chambers，“Butterfly”, in Mastering Swimming, →ISBN，頁 56:


exempli gratia

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 exemplī grātiā。

Exempli gratiâ, the venerable London Stone of many fables.

1869，Richard F[rancis] Burton，Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil; with a Full Account of the Gold and Diamond Mines. Also, Canoeing Down 1500 miles of the Great River São Francisco, from Sabará to the Sea.，卷 I, London: Tinsley Brothers, […]，頁 172:

Even if the respondents had been liable for their administration to the same extent as private trustees, I should still have thought that it was not only within the competency, but that it was the duty of the Court, before pronouncing any decree, to consider how far the respondents might be entitled to recoup themselves, by taking, exempli gratia, the furniture of the school, or by accumulating the future income of these bequests, and what effect their so doing might have upon the efficient maintenance of the school.

1886，The Law Reports. […] Appeal Cases before the House of Lords and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Also Peerage Cases.，卷 XI, London: […] for the Council of Law Reporting by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, […]，頁 324:

See, exempli gratia, the encyclical of Leo XIII on the occasion of the third centennial of the Blessed Canisius, who organized, with Emperor Ferdinand, the first merciless repression of the Reformation in Austria.

1917 March–April，Alfredo Taglialatela，“The Church of Rome and Morality”, in The Methodist Review，volume XCIX, number 2 (whole 544) / fifth series, volume XXXIII, number 2, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: The Methodist Book Concern，頁 213:

There is not enough for certainty, but I set out below a possible scheme, exempli gratia.

1967，Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik [Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy]，頁 78:


bounty hunter

Thus Django becomes the carrier of the “public use of one's reason”—the Kantian road to enlightenment given to him by the German “Forty-Eighter” dentist–turned-bounty hunter Dr. “King” Schultz, and represents the fictive, allohistorical beginning of the battle against slavery and racism in the United States.

2014年July31日，Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained: The Continuation of Metacinema，Bloomsbury, →ISBN，頁 25:


Mrs Miggins

來自 Mrs + Miggins (姓氏)，可能因英國電視喜劇系列《黑爵士II》（首播於1986年1月9日至2月20日）中提及的角色Mrs Miggins而流行，該角色是一家派餅店的老闆，並在《黑爵士第三季》（1987年9月17日至10月22日）中作為咖啡店老闆娘出現。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Mrs Miggins.wav

任何普通的女性，特別是年長的女性

其他形式：Mrs. Miggins

近義詞：woman on the street

I doubt that Mrs Miggins on the number 32 bus cares much about the plight of the yellow woodlouse.
我懷疑32號公車上的米金斯太太會關心黃色潮蟲的困境。

Many were the high expectations entertained by fond parents, of the rapid progress which their darlings would make, when placed under the tuition of the young man from college, that would teach without whipping, "Old man," said Mrs. Miggins (as I heard) to her husband, a sturdy farmer, "old man, our Jack is a mighty smart boy: I saw him the other day, when he wanted some cake go to the cupboard, take a long stick, pull it down on the floor, and then taking it up, he ran to me and cried out, 'Goodness, mother, look here what a piece of cake I found on the floor; may'nt I have it?' He is a mighty clever boy, and neighbor Johnson's son will teach him every thing that's smart."

慈愛的父母對他們的寶貝寄予很高的期望，認為在這位大學畢業、不用鞭打就能教學的年輕人指導下，孩子們會快速進步。「老頭子，」米金斯太太（據我所聞）對她那個結實的農夫丈夫說，「老頭子，我們的傑克是個非常聰明的孩子：前幾天我看到他想要蛋糕時，走到櫥櫃那裡，拿了一根長棍子，把蛋糕弄到地板上，然後撿起來跑到我面前喊道：『天哪，媽媽，你看我在地板上發現了什麼蛋糕；我可以吃嗎？』他是個非常聰明的孩子，鄰居強森的兒子會教他所有聰明的東西。」

1849 February，“The 'Moral Suasion' Theory”, in The University Magazine，卷 I, 期 2, Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia, →OCLC，頁s 53–54:

You can do nothing Evangelical without a tea-meeting. […] Mrs. Griggs and Mrs. Miggins are ready with their donation to your subscription list, but you must give them the opportunity of drinking Bohea in public before they will disburse.

沒有茶會就做不了任何福音派的事。 […] 格里格斯太太和米金斯太太已經準備好向你的認捐名單捐款，但你必須先給她們在公開場合喝紅茶的機會，她們才會掏錢。

1873，Iota [pseudonym; John Francis Waller]，“Hatchley Colne”, in The Adventures of a Protestant in Search of a Religion，London: R. Washbourne, […], →OCLC，頁 192:

It's all very well trusting users, but what happens if Mrs. Miggins brings in a floppy disk from home with some code on it written by her son.

信任用戶當然很好，但如果米金斯太太從家裡帶來一張磁片，上面有她兒子寫的一些程式碼，會發生什麼呢？

2003，Nigel Stanley，“Scalability and Security”, in Microsoft .NET Jumpstart for Systems Administrators and Developers，Burlington, Mass.: Digital Press, Elsevier Science, →ISBN，頁 150:

Instead, this government seems to see a Britain stymied by local vested interests, where our whole economic future is called into question because Mrs Miggins doesn't want a motorway through her back garden, or a nuclear power station built next door. […] Its solution is to cut Mrs Miggins – and anyone else who wants a say in what happens in their local neighbourhood – out of the process. Instead, big decisions will be taken by an appointed panel of "experts".

相反，這個政府似乎認為英國被地方既得利益集團所阻礙，我們整個經濟未來都受到質疑，因為米金斯太太不想要高速公路穿過她的後院，或者在隔壁建核電廠。 […] 它的解決方案是將米金斯太太——以及任何其他想要對當地社區發生的事情有發言權的人——排除在程序之外。相反，重大決策將由一個被任命的「專家」小組來決定。

2007年June4日，Mark Lynas，“Don't Blame Mrs Miggins”, in New Statesman，London: New Statesman Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2011-01-03:

For a mercifully short period, it felt as though the Today programme was dominated by high-level political debate over whether Labour could be blamed for the whole thing (in general, government spokesmen were not persuaded by this thesis), or whether Gordon Brown could take credit for Mr and Mrs Miggins and the Miggins brood getting home in one piece (the direction of this debate was not unpredictable either).

在令人慶幸的短暫時期內，《今日》節目似乎被高層政治辯論所主導，爭論的是工黨是否應該為整件事負責（總的來說，政府發言人對這個論點並不信服），或者戈登·布朗是否能為米金斯先生和米金斯太太以及米金斯一家安全到家而邀功（這場辯論的方向也是可以預料的）。

2010，Adam Boulton, Joey Jones，“Decision Time”, in Hung Together: The Cameron–Clegg Coalition，London: Simon & Schuster UK, 出版於 2012, →ISBN, part I (Campaign)，頁 80:

If Tesco want to invest and produce a front-end to interact and deal with Mrs Miggins and her interaction with Government, why shouldn't they be able to? Tesco don't want to get involved in a £1 billion procurement, but they want more up-sell to Mrs Miggins.

如果特易購想要投資並製作一個前端來與米金斯太太互動，處理她與政府的互動，為什麼不可以呢？特易購不想參與10億英鎊的採購，但他們想要向米金斯太太進行更多追加銷售。

2011年March15日，Public Administration Select Committee, House of Commons，引 Martin Rice, witness, Government and IT—"a Recipe for Rip Offs": Time for a New Approach: Twelfth Report of Session 2010–12 (HC 715-II)，卷s II (Oral and Written Evidence), London: The Stationery Office, 出版於 28 July 2011, →ISBN，頁 Ev 26，列 1:

[…] Volvo is a motoring minnow. They made around 450,000 cars last year. […] So Volvo announcing that it's going all electric is going to have the same effect on the world's carbon emissions as Mrs Miggins turning the thermostat down in her front room.

[…] 沃爾沃在汽車業只是小角色。他們去年製造了大約45萬輛汽車。 […] 所以沃爾沃宣布全面電動化對世界碳排放的影響，就像米金斯太太在客廳調低暖氣溫度一樣微不足道。

2017年July7日，Jeremy Clarkson，“Volvo going electric will have the same effect as Mrs Miggins turning down the heating in her front room”, in The Sun，London: News Group Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2020-11-20:

Although asset managers ultimately manage money for private individuals – a point which they frequently shorthand by referring to the end investor under the patronising and arrogant generic term 'Mrs Miggins' – very few people working in the firms have had any contact with private individuals at all. […] [E]ven in the retail market the very large majority of relationships with end clients are mediated – it isn't actually necessary to meet Mrs Miggins, Mr Miggins or any other members of the Miggins family.

儘管資產管理公司最終是為個人投資者管理資金——他們經常用居高臨下且傲慢的通用術語「米金斯太太」來簡稱最終投資者——但在這些公司工作的人中很少有人與個人投資者有過任何接觸。 […] 即使在零售市場，與最終客戶的絕大多數關係都是間接的——實際上沒有必要見到米金斯太太、米金斯先生或米金斯家族的任何其他成員。

2018，Lucian Camp, Anthony Thomson，No Small Change: Why Financial Services Needs a New Kind of Marketing，Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:

From the moment you park up in a police car outside some little old lady's house, even if it's only to walk down the road to make an inquiry at a neighbour's, Mrs. Miggins will be convinced that you're there to tell her that one of her family has died in some tragic accident.

從你把警車停在某個小老太太家外面的那一刻起，即使你只是要走到路下去鄰居家詢問什麼，米金斯太太也會確信你是來告訴她家裡有人在某個悲劇事故中死亡的。

2022，Darren Moor，“Try Not to Frighten Mrs. Miggins Any More than You have Already”, in How to Survive Your Early Years as a Police Officer: Tips, Tactics and Humour for the Probationer and Beyond，Market Harborough, Leicestershire: Matador, →ISBN:


foederatus

借自拉丁語 foederātus (“同盟的”)，源自 foedus (“联盟；条约”)。

/fiːdɛˈɹɑːtəs/

受条约约束的“联盟”部落，既不是罗马殖民地，也没有被授予罗马公民身份，但在发生动乱时要提供一支战斗人员队伍

In the middle stage, the Reges Gothorum saw themselves as something better than mere foederati.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 23:


calesce

calesces (third-person singular present)
calescing (present participle)
calesced (past participle)

Now [warming it over the spirit lamp] here it is becoming yellow again, and that is all because its attraction of cohesion is changed. And what will you say to me when I tell you that this piece of common charcoal is just the same thing, only differently calesced, as the diamonds which you wear?

1874，Michael Faraday，“Lecture II: Gravitation-Cohesion”, in On the Various Forces of Nature，London: Chatto and Windus，頁 58:

23. Drops of Water。 — In answer to E. J. Pond's query in Science for Jan. 20, it seems to me that the phenomenon is explainable in the same way as the related phenomenon of drops of water on a hot stove; […] The small drops that fall from the oar-blade will float a short time before calescing, even when no wind is blowing; […]

1888年February3日，C. M. Wirick，Science，卷 XI, 期 261，頁 62，列 2:


by no means

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-by no means.wav

By no means am I suggesting that euthanasia should be outlawed, but rather that we should look at its inherent risks.

我絕非主張安樂死應被列為非法，而是強調必須正視其潛在風險。

Is that all you’ve got to say? ―By no means. Let me explain further.

「你就只有這些要說嗎？」――不是。容我進一步說明。

For the Maine Garden, I doe not Deny, but there ſhould be ſome Faire Alleys, ranged on both Sides, vvith Fruit Trees; And ſome Pretty Tufts of Fruit Trees, And Arbours vvith Seats, ſet in ſome Decent Order; but theſe to be, by no Meanes, ſet too thicke; […]

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC，頁 278:

He by no means gave up his shop. On the contrary, he kept well abreast of new discoveries. He followed the great movement of chocolates; he was the first to introduce "cocoa" and "revalenta" into the Seine-Inferieure.

1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter XI, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

Every photographer of experience has his own theories and methods of working, but for the last 14 years I have used a Leica exclusively, and have found it best adapted to the somewhat exacting demands of railway photography, which is by no means an easy branch of the art.

每位經驗豐富的攝影師都有自己獨特的工作理論與方法。過去十四年來，我始終專注使用徠卡相機，發現它最能滿足鐵道攝影的嚴苛要求——須知這絕非攝影藝術中輕鬆入門的領域。

1952 February，H[enry] C[yril] Casserley，“Permanent Wayfarings”, in The Railway Magazine，London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 78:

Well, during our short staycation at Humberston Fitties, just south of Cleethorpes, we cycled through the very unspoilt Lincolnshire Wolds, which are by no means flat and boring as conventional wisdom about the county suggests.

在克利索普斯以南的亨伯斯頓菲蒂斯短暫度假期間，我們騎行穿越了保持原始風貌的林肯郡丘陵——這裡絕非如外界對該郡的刻板印象那般平坦乏味。

2021年July28日，Christian Wolmar，“Forgotten by the Railways, but Ripe for the Exploring”, in Rail，期 936, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 35:


Islamic Republic of Iran

仿譯自伊朗波斯語 جُمْهوریِ اِسْلامیِ ایران (jomhurye âeslâmye âirân)。

伊朗伊斯蘭共和國（國家名，位於西亞）。（1979）

Carolina Chandlers Corp. has filed suit in U.S. District Court charging the Islamic Republic of Iran and its nationalized shipping line with failing to pay outstanding debts.

卡罗莱纳钱德勒公司已向美国地方法院提起诉讼，指控伊朗伊斯兰共和国及其国有航运公司未能偿还未偿债务。

1979年December1日，Debra Furr，“Chandler sues Iran shippers”, in Wilmington Morning Star，卷 113, 號 42, Wilmington, North Carolina，頁 1:

Ms. Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman known as Jina in Kurdish, was stopped on Sept. 13 by the Islamic Republic of Iran’s morality police as she came out of Tehran’s Haghani metro station.

9月13日，22岁的库尔德女性阿米尼（库尔德语名 Jina）在走出德黑兰哈加尼地铁站时被伊朗伊斯兰共和国道德警察拦下。

2022年September30日，Mahsa Alimardani, Kendra Albert, Afsaneh Rigot，“Big Tech Should Support the Iranian People, Not the Regime”, in The New York Times:


fall ill

falls ill (third-person singular present)
falling ill (present participle)
fell ill (past)
fallen ill (past participle)

We come into contact with germ-infested surfaces all day, every day, but we don’t keep falling catastrophically ill.

我們終日接觸佈滿病菌的表面，卻不至於接連罹患重病。

2019年April25日，Samanth Subramanian，“Hand dryers v paper towels: the surprisingly dirty fight for the right to dry your hands”, in The Guardian:


transnational repression

Under the soon-to-be-enacted law, an individual is considered to have committed the offense of transnational repression if the person conspires to or commits certain crimes—including assault, harassment, stalking, causing an individual to leave or be confined in the United States, or retaliating against someone for engaging in protected First Amendment activities—on behalf of a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization, according to an analysis of the bill.

2025年May27日，The Epoch Times，Texas Gov. Abbott Signs Anti-Transnational Repression Law:


embarcadère

When I left next morning the Doctor came with me in the pirogue all the way to the embarcadère at Lambaréné […]

1975，James Cameron，Point of departure，頁 173:

From here one reaches the open air when one leaves the embarcadère.

1981，Stefan Koppelkamm，Glasshouses and wintergardens of the nineteenth century，頁 96:


onychomancy

onymancy

一种古老的占卜方法，通过阳光在人的指甲上的反射形状来占卜

一种古老的占卜方法，通过阳光在人的指甲上的反射形状来占卜

I am still not sure what to make of this treatise on onychomancy, that is, divining by observing the fingernails, except that he accounted for the practice as an example of the acute application of observational technique to the signs and symbols left by intelligent nature for humans to decipher in view of some benefit.

2016，Brendan Dooley，Angelica's Book and the World of Reading in Late Renaissance Italy:


congregant

/ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹɪ.ɡənt/

/ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹɪ.ɡənt/

/ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹɪ.ɡənt/

The wedding was at Timmyʼs fatherʼs church, and all the female congregants had cooked a meal fit to feed a king.

婚礼在蒂米父亲的教堂举行，所有的女性会众都烹制了一顿足以招待国王的盛宴。

2016，Yaa Gyasi，Homegoing，Penguin Books (2017)，頁 123:

Did he have any regrets about signing “I’ll be back”? Some social-media congregants had criticized the message as “tacky” and “flippant,” among other things.

他后悔写下“我会回来的”了吗？一些社交媒体用户批评这句留言“俗气”、“轻率”等等。

2023年March8日，Mark Leibovich，“Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Last Act”, in The Atlantic:


fum

fums (third-person singular present)
fumming (present participle)
fummed (past participle)

Follow me, and fum as you go.

c. 1604，Thomas Dekker, John Webster，Westward Ho:


fum

The fum is a bird said to be found in no part of the world but China. It is described as of most admirable beauty, and if at any time absent, or long unseen, it is regarded as an omen of some misfortune to the royal family.

据说，世界上只有中国才有凤凰这种鸟。它被描述为极其美丽的鸟，如果消失或长期未见，就会被视为皇室不幸的预兆。

1823，Richard Sickelmore，The history of Brighton from the earliest period to the present time:


troopship

[…] the Duke of Rothesay and the Duke of York, however, are serving as troopships to and from Harwich, and it is unlikely that they will be released for some time to come.

然而，罗司榭公爵号和约克公爵号正在充当往返哈里奇的运兵船，而且在未来一段时间内不太可能离队。

1946 May and June，“Notes and News: Anglo-Irish Steamship Fleets”, in Railway Magazine，頁 185:

The former, on the other hand, would put his troopships safely out of its reach.

另一方面，前者会将他的运兵船安全地置于其攻击范围之外。

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 65:


ants on a log

起於1959年，其中的葡萄干形似蚂蚁，芹菜杆形似木头，故名。

Serve up an old favorite, ants on a log...celery sticks filled with peanut butter and sprinkled with raisins. Or substitute dried cranberries to make fire ants on a log, just for fun!

来点儿经典老菜——木上蚂蚁……芹菜条里塞满花生酱，再撒上葡萄干。或者用蔓越莓干代替，做成木上火蚁，也挺有意思的！

2014，Mom Knows Best Cookbook，Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN，頁 45:


frighteningly

more frighteningly (comparative)
most frighteningly (superlative)

The pitcher that was set before me was frighteningly large.

摆在我面前的水罐大得吓人。

Risk is everywhere.[…]For each [kind] there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[…]aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

风险无处不在。 […] 每种风险都存在着一个极为精确的衡量标准，可衡量它从阴影中跳出来并袭击你的可能性有多大。《规范编年史》 […] 旨在帮助数据恐惧症患者在这场风险风暴中找到出路。

2013年June22日，“Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8841，頁 76:


Muse

繼承自中古英語 Muse，源自拉丁語 Musa，源自古希臘語 Μοῦσα (Moûsa)。

存在複數 Musae，但比 Muses 罕見得多。

And hears the Muſes in a ring,
Ay round about Joves Altar ſing.

听到缪斯们在宙斯
祭坛周围歌唱。


ghost ship

When Hayes turned to Jephson's contribution, he found that it commenced with a description of the famous ghost ship, the Marie Celeste, being towed into Gibraltar harbor.

2014，Valerie Martin，The Ghost of the Mary Celeste，Hachette UK, →ISBN:


zir

z (性別中性（如 ze）) + i (him/his) + r (her) 組成的混成詞。

Appendix:英語第三人稱單數代詞

性別中性第三人稱單數賓格代詞，等價於單數的 them，對應 him 和 her。

However, it soon became very lonely as none of Alice’s school friends could see zir anymore and they soon forgot all about zir.

然而，爱丽丝很快就变得非常孤独，因为爱丽丝的学校朋友再也见不到TA，他们很快就忘记了TA。

2002，Lynsey Calderwood，Cracked: Recovering After Traumatic Brain Injury，Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN，頁 155:


zir

與 ze (性別中性主語，對應 he/she) 一起使用。

zir 的；性別中性第三人稱單數所有格形容詞，等價於單數的 their，對應 his 和 her。

… just when it seemed like zie was beginning to get a handle on zir teapot and form normal relationships – although one could hardly call zir twice-weekly sexual encounters with the March Hare ‘normal’ …


ziz

Well one lunch-time when we're full of soup and sausages and tea, and we're just off to the bungalow to get the old feet up for half an hour or so, and maybe a quick ziz with a bit of luck, we hear a chirpy sort of small-size growl in the spring sky […]

1998，Harold Strachan，Way Up, Way Out，頁 126:


Shadow Cabinet

整體詞：shadow government

分體詞：shadow minister

In April, Sir Keir Starmer replaced Corbyn as Labour leader and set about creating his own shadow cabinet.

今年4月，基尔·斯塔默爵士取代科尔宾成为工党领袖，并着手组建自己的影子内阁。

2020年June17日，Jim McMahon tells Richard Clinnick，“Stepping out of the shadows”, in Rail，頁 39:


UFO religion

Raelians follow a UFO religion.

More particularly, and important for understanding much UFO religions, is Blavatsky's belief that certain masters dwelt on Venus.

更具体地，对于理解许多幽浮宗教来说，重要的是布拉瓦茨基相信某些大师居住在金星上。

2003，Christopher Hugh Partridge，UFO religions，Routledge，頁 10:

UFO religions are even stranger than science fiction.

幽浮宗教比科幻小说更奇怪。

2004，Susan J. Palmer，Aliens adored: Raël's UFO religion，Rutgers University Press，頁 3:

UFO religions drink deeply from the waters of occulture, while, at the same time, seeking to reconcile their ideas with a contemporary secular and scientific worldview.

幽浮宗教深受神秘文化的影响，同时又试图将其思想与当代世俗和科学世界观相协调。

2006，Christopher Hugh Partridge，The re-enchantment of the West: alternative spiritualities, sacralization, popular culture, and occulture，Continuum International Publishing Group，頁 167:


blinden

blindens (third-person singular present)
blindening (present participle)
blindened (past participle)

The race for success has blindened him, making him incapable to lucidly appraise his work and to judge it by higher and more exacting standards than those prevailing in local, more modest competitions.

She laughed at my attempt, and I got a pull of the ears for daring to blinden myself.

2008，Olabisi Gwamna，Dancing with Shadows and Other Stories:


guoxue

借自官話 國學／国学 (guóxué)。

In recent years, education officials have made a number of proposals, including revising elementary and middle school textbooks to increase the proportion of guoxue, or the study of Chinese culture, and reducing the importance of English on some versions of the gaokao, or university entrance examination, in favor of a greater emphasis on the Chinese language.

近年来，教育官员提出了许多建议，包括修改中小学教科书，增加国学（即中国文化研究）的比例，并降低某些地方高考（即大学入学考试）对英语的重视程度，更多地强调汉语。

2015年September30日，Amy Qin，“A Fervor to Glimpse ‘China’s Mona Lisa’”, in New York Times: