deflagrant

more deflagrant (comparative)
most deflagrant (superlative)

Gunpowder is a deflagrant (ie rapidly-burning) mixture of a solid fuel such as charcoal with a solid oxidising agent - the only one available up to the late 18th century was saltpetre.

2003，Allan M. Williams，The Knight and the Blast Furnace:


buy the dip

buys the dip (third-person singular present)
buying the dip (present participle)
bought the dip (past participle)

抄底 （金融资产的市值降低时买入）

Many traders are told to “buy the dip and sell the pullback” but not exactly when to execute this. It has been left up to the trader to enter when he or she feels the time is right.

2009，Ken Wood，Trade the Patterns: The Revolutionary Way of Trading the CCI，Traders Press, →ISBN，頁 31:

During upward-sloping cycles in the Investment Rate, a long bias with proper diversification should result in positive portfolio returns, without drawn-out setbacks, if investors are willing to buy the dips, especially the big ones, at all times.

2009，Thomas H. Kee，Buy and Hold Is Dead: How to Make Money and Control Risk in Any Market，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 35:


get to grips with

gets to grips with (third-person singular present)
getting to grips with (present participle)
got to grips with (past)
got to grips with
gotten to grips with

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-get to grips with.ogg

与...打斗，与...战斗

Estonia were struggling to get to grips with the game while Ireland were showing a composure and guile that demonstrated their experience in play-off ties.

2011年November11日，Rory Houston，“Estonia 0-4 Republic of Ireland”, in RTE Sport:


meretrix

借自拉丁語 meretrīx。

Nomus Marcellus has pointed out the difference between this class of prostitutes and the prostibula. "This is the difference between a meretrix (harlot) and a prostibula (common strumpet): a meretrix is of a more honorable station and calling; for meretrices are so named a merendo (from earning wages) because they plied their calling only by night; prostibulu because they stand before the stabulum (stall) for gain both by day and night."

a. 100 公元，Petronius，譯者 W. C. Firebaugh, Satyricon，出版於 1922:

Of the two ritually important female categories, matrona and meretrix, it was the matrona that was held at a strict ritual distance. […] The domain of the meretrix was not held at a ritual distance. The boundary between male and female was not quite so stark when the female belonged to the category of prostitute.

2013，Ariadne Staples，源自Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins，Routledge, →ISBN:


expulser

expulser of Adam

1610，John Hull，Saint Peters Prophesie of these Last Days:


expulse

expulses (third-person singular present)
expulsing (present participle)
expulsed (past participle)

Robert le Bruce re-enters Scotland, whence he had been by Edward the First expuls'd, inverting all the English Institutions, that had so lately setled the Peace and subjection of the Kingdom

c. 1620s，Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary]，The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] ，London: A.G. and F. P., 出版於 1680，頁 14:


unleashed

Some trails are extremely narrow, and people might become easily intimidated by passing an unleashed dog in a confined space, especially a large, nosy dog.

有的步道窄得不行，萬一在經過狹窄空間時恰好旁邊有一條沒拴狗繩的狗，尤其是愛管閒事的大狗，人就很容易被嚇到。

2007，Karen Chavez，Best Hikes With Dogs: North Carolina，頁 31:


how so

缩约自“how is that so?”，且亦继承中古英語 how-so、hou-so、hu se (“无论如何”)，等价于how + so。对比西弗里斯蘭語 hoesa (“为什么”)、荷蘭語 hoezo (“为什么”)、德國低地德語 woso (“为什么”)、德語 wieso (“为什么”)、瑞典語 hurså (“为什么”)。

But how so thys money was lent or gyded, at thys daye the cheste remayneth in the chamber of London, wythout money or pledges for the same.

1809，The Literary Panorama, and National Register，頁 1179:

But we have groaned over this experience, an O ! dear ! with every breath, and wished ourselves out of it, someway, somehow, no matter what way or how so we were rid of it.

1897，Ursula Newell Gestefeld，How We Master Our Fate，頁 62:

Of every wit somewhat he can Out-take that him lacketh rule, His own estate to guide and rule; How so it stood of his speaking, He was not wise in his doing;

Yet how so ere I love, I must be wife.

1598，Robert Greene，The Scottish Historie of James the Fourth:

That picture wasn't much to look at, being so old and all, but Mrs. Oaks made like it looked so nice; or, that's what she said as she stared at it, looking back and forth at the picture and me like it wasn't so. Only, she just didn't know how so it wasn't. It wasn't me at all.

2013，Earlene Jernigan-Carter，When Life Just Happens: A Book of Short Stories, →ISBN，頁 70:

My reflection in you warbled, because you see only hints, of what I see to beacon of me. Who am I who is reflecting from you? How so do I identify my soul in you?

2014，Eve Chilicas，Supernatural: Sci-Fi Poetry, →ISBN，頁 24:

The king shall joy in thy strength, O Lord ; and in thy salvation how so shall he rejoice!

How so we love thee! Even UNIVAC and IBM Could never count the way.

2012，H. Bundy Shaw，Play On Words: Poems, Lyrics, and Other Writings of H. Bundy Shaw, →ISBN:

I wished my voice would carry him through eternity, keeping us in a moment that nothing could part, oh, and how so I wanted to follow his lead, and how so to death I was determined not to concede, and how so, how so many wonderful things;

2014，Daniel C. Joneikies，Vampyre's Pyre, →ISBN，頁 105:


sclera

借自古希臘語 σκληρός (sklērós，“硬的”)。

scleras (plural)
sclerae (plural)
scleræ (plural)

She'd been back a week and it was clear that college-level track was kicking her ass, the sclera in her normally wide manga-eyes were shot through with blood vessels.

2007，Junot Diaz，The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao:

Such pressures explain why humans are peculiar in having our rather small irises set against a white background—the sclera—in our eyes. Anyone watching us can infer where we are looking or whom we are looking at.

2016，Joseph Henrich，章號 13, in The Secret of Our Success […] ，Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:


popularise

popularises (third-person singular present)
popularising (present participle)
popularised (past participle)

Homer Simpson popularised the term "d'oh".

荷馬·辛普森讓“d'oh”這個詞流行了起來。

Towards the end of August, the Southern Railway decided to adopt a novel form of publicity to popularise the services. Sandwich board men were employed at Charing Cross and Cannon Street to display placards, and distribute leaflet timetables, calling attention to the vacant seats on the services via Nunhead.

1946 November and December，“Additional London-Dartford Services”, in Railway Magazine，頁 386:

Special cheap day return facilities have been introduced to popularise the railbuses.

1959 March，“Talking of Trains: Railbuses on the W.R.”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 121:


insultant

願意批評所任職組織的顧問

As a consultant, he has specialized in strategy and policy for businesses, nonprofits, and government agencies around the globe. He is perhaps most famous for his direct criticisms of management, acknowledging that clients consider him a management "insultant."

2004，William R. Childs, Scott B. Martin, Wanda Stitt-Gohdes，Business and Industry: Corporate governance to entrepreneurship:

Not surrounding yourself with only the 'Yes' men and women. Invite some 'Insultants' instead of just Consultants to keep you honest. Most consultants will tell you what you want to hear […]

2008，Lu KeeHong，The 7e Way of Leaders，頁 3:

Breakthroughs like having insultants around because they're prepared to buck convention and challenge the fundamental assumptions of the business. Outsiders serving as insultants are generally best because they feel no need to defer to the preferences of the CEO in order to enhance their promotion prospects.

2014，BusinessNews Publishing，Summary: The Breakthrough Company:


insultant

The insult is one of the highest art forms. It is a form of minimalism, like the minimalism of an abstract artist. The one who insults is an insultant who, rather than use a canvas, uses another person. The insultant draws lines on a person to reduce them to the person they see and want others to see; and lines which they want the insulted one to feel.

2013，Claudis Weyser，The Diary of an Aphorisiac:


apparate

apparates (third-person singular present)
apparating (present participle)
apparated (past participle)

"Reivers!" he bellowed. His valet appeared — or really, it seemed rather more like he apparated — in the doorway.

2004，Julia Quinn，When He Was Wicked，頁 105:

What had silenced her, however, was the enormous demonic object that had apparated in the air beyond the tunnel's exit.

if it is an emergency, I will be able to apparate directly to wherever you are and help you.

2008，P. L. Lansdon，Dreams of Dragons and Fantasies of Fairy Flight and Light: Book One，頁 254:


criminalize

criminalizes (third-person singular present)
criminalizing (present participle)
criminalized (past participle)

The Nixon campaign in 1968[…] had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. […] [B]y getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities.

2016年April1日，Dan Baum，引 John Ehrlichman, “Legalize It All”, in Harper's Magazine:


malverse

more malverse (comparative)
most malverse (superlative)

[B]e what set of men they will, who would adventure to befriend and patronize such a malverse course […]。

1776，Josiah Hunter，An Inquiry Concerning the Scriptural Order，頁 199:

Never was fellow so pestered with malverse accidents as I am; and all of my own contriving!

1792，Thomas Holcroft，Anne St. Ives, vol. II, letter 36:

It has been well remarked, that a little learning, and a little power, are apt to be more productive of mischief than of advantage to their possessors, and that this malverse propensity has been most particulary^([sic]) efficient , when such attainments and possessions have been rare and splendid.

1815，David Laurie，A Treatise on Finance，頁 933:


marginalize

marginalizes (third-person singular present)
marginalizing (present participle)
marginalized (past participle)

The practice of only analysing Indian English in terms of how it differs from a notional standard English that resides in the Englishes of the varieties of the Inner Circle is one of the key ways in which Indian English is marginalised.

2012，James Lambert，“Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes，頁 305:

Ideally, we would like to integrate out the parameters #92;theta, i.e. marginalize in order to obtain a prediction. Since this is again hard to realize analytically, one usually approximates the integral via sampling from the posterior.

2021，Nils Thuerey, Philipp Holl, Maximilian Mueller, Patrick Schnell, Felix Trost, Kiwon Um，章號 25, in Physics-based Deep Learning，頁 245:


shakedown

shake down 的動詞派生詞。以前曾有将稻草摇下来做简易临时床铺的方法。

What is this, a shakedown?

Four Thai police officers charged with murder in connection with the deadly shakedown of a suspected drug dealer in custody were arrested Wednesday after a video clip of the incident shared on social media caused a public furor.

2021年August25日，Tassanee Vejpongsa，“Four Thai Police Charged in Drug Suspect’s Death After Video Surfaces”, in Bloomberg，Bloomberg, retrieved 2021-08-25:

All sorts of gossip floated about; one story told was that a selector, and not the youngest of that staid and sober party, was found putting his boots into his shakedown at night, and lying outside the entrance of his tent, giving careful directions to some one to call him in time for the morning mail.

1887，Harriet W. Daly，Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，頁 79:

"There's nowhere for me to lie down, sir," he answered, and there was in his voice a humbleness which was very distressing. -- "Don't you know anyone in the house who'll give you a shakedown?" -- "No, sir."

1915，W. Somerset Maugham，Of Human Bondage:

‘You two,’ he says, ‘you're not going back tonight. […] I can make you shake-downs on the veranda and we'll have a bite to eat.’

1974，Thea Astley，A Kindness Cup，Text Classics, 出版於 2018，頁 107:


masculinize

masculinizes (third-person singular present)
masculinizing (present participle)
masculinized (past participle)

Returning to the sculptor described earlier, we know why that young woman suffered. She was housebound and bedbound, her face was changed by steroids, she was masculinized by her treatment, one breast was scarred, and she had almost no hair.

1982年March18日，Eric J. Cassel[l]，“The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine，卷 306, 期 11, →DOI，頁 642:

Impersonality always masculinizes a woman.


Chinese Taipei

1970年代，由 Chinese (“中國的，中華的”) + Taipei (“臺北”) 組成。前半部分具有語意上的模糊性，可指實際統治臺澎金馬等地的中華民國，或指宣稱擁有主權的中華人民共和國；後半部分則源自行政中心臺北的威妥瑪拼音。

The Republic of China Olympic Committee (ROCOC) Sept. 8 rejected the recommendation of the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee that the ROCOC be re-named the “Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee,” with the condition that it adopts an anthem and flag which are different from those of the Republic of China used at present.

中華民國奧林匹克委員會（ROCOC）9 月8 日拒絕了國際奧林匹克委員會執行局關於將中華民國奧林匹克委員會更名為「中華臺北奧林匹克委員會」的建議，條件是中華民國奧林匹克委員會採用不同於目前使用的中華民國國歌 和國旗。

1979年September16日，“ROC rejects ruling on Olympic Games”, in Free China Weekly，卷 XX, 期 36, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 1:

Seven countries sent teams to challenge the U.S. in Los Angeles. The field included Chinese Taipei, commonly called Taiwan, which had several players who. in younger years, had starred on championship teams at the Little League World Series in Williamsport. Pa.;[...]

七個國家派出代表隊在洛杉磯向美國隊挑戰。其中包括中華臺北隊（俗稱臺灣隊），該隊有幾名球員在年輕時曾在威廉斯波特少年棒球聯盟世界大賽的冠軍隊中擔任主角

1984，Dick Schaap，The 1984 Olympic Games: Sarajevo/Los Angeles，Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 137:

The example of financial services and telecommunications deregulation in Chinese Taipei was brought up to argue that, to ensure market competition, rules should be transparent and information should be available to all.

提出中華臺北金融服務和電信放鬆管制的例子是為了表明，為了確保市場競爭，規則應該透明，資訊應該向所有人公開。

1998，Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin American perspectives，Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 125:

Most of these vessels are built in Chinese Taipei (see Table 6.4). In fact, of the 51 fishing vessels over 24 metres built in Chinese Taipei over the past three years, 50 were flagged in FOC countries by the end of 2003, while only one was flagged in Chinese Taipei. It would be worth further investigation to determine whether any of the companies in Chinese Taipei involved in building new vessels have benefited from funds for the joint Japan/Chinese Taipei programme designed to decommission large- scale tuna longline vessels. Further, given the status of Chinese Taipei as a “Co-operating Party, Entity or Fishing Entity” of ICCAT, the government should be encouraged to ensure that no vessels built in Chinese Taipei shipyards are allowed to register to flag of convenience countries.

這些船舶大部分是在中華臺北建造的（見表 6.4）。事實上，在過去三年中華臺北建造的51艘24公尺以上漁船中，截至2003年底，有50艘懸掛方便旗國國旗，而只有一艘懸掛中華臺北國旗。值得進一步調查的是，是否有任何參與建造新船的中華臺北公司受益於日本/中華臺北聯合計劃的資金，該計劃旨在使大型金槍魚延繩釣漁船退役。此外，鑑於中華臺北作為ICCAT的「合作方、實體或漁業實體」的地位，應鼓勵政府確保中華臺北造船廠建造的船舶不得在方便旗國註冊。

2004，Matthew Gianni, Walt Simpson，“Flags of Convenience, Transhipment, Re-supply and At-Sea Infrastructure in Relation to IUU Fishing”, in Fish Piracy: Combatting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing，Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 85:

China was in white jerseys as the home team, and the Taiwanese players wore blue jerseys labeled with the initials C.T., for Chinese Taipei, the negotiated team name under which Taiwan’s athletes are competing to avoid sensitivities about issues of national sovereignty.

中國隊作為主隊穿著白色球衣，臺灣球員則身穿藍色球衣，上面印有「中華臺北」的首字母「C.T.」，這是臺灣運動員為避免國家主權問題的敏感性而協商使用的隊名。

2008年August15日，Jake Hooker，“Taiwanese Fans Travel to See An Unexpected Loss to China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2008-12-11, Olympics:

Over the last few decades, Chinese Taipei has been successful in attracting high-achieving students into the teaching profession. Even so, the education level of teachers in Chinese Taipei has stayed fairly uniform.

在過去的幾十年裡，中華臺北成功地吸引了優秀的學生進入教師行業。 即便如此，中華臺北教師的教育程度仍然相當均勻。

2009，“Chinese Taipei”, in Do Countries Paying Teachers Higher Relative Salaries Have Higher Student Mathematics Achievement?, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 73:

TOKYO, July 27 (Xinhua) -- Kuo Hsing-Chun of Chinese Taipei won the women's weightlifting 59kg gold medal with a total lifts of 236kg, bringing the first gold to Chinese Taipei at Tokyo 2020 here on Tuesday.

新華社東京7月27日電：中華臺北選手郭婞淳週二在這裡以236公斤的總成績奪得女子舉重59公斤級金牌，為中華臺北隊帶來2020年東京奧運首枚金牌。

2021年July27日，“Weightlifter Kuo wins Chinese Taipei's first gold at Tokyo Olympics”, in 新華社，存檔自the original on 2021-08-07:

'Taiwan' still used in media coverage
Despite the lack of official "Taiwanese" representation, the name "Taiwan" was still used on some occasions during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
For example, an anchor at Japan's public broadcaster used Taiwan rather than Chinese Taipei to introduce the Taiwanese delegation during the opening ceremony.
Additionally, many foreign media reports about Taiwan's performance during the Olympics also use Taiwan rather than Chinese Taipei to introduce the team.

媒體報導仍使用「臺灣」
儘管缺乏官方「臺灣」代表，但在2020年東京奧運期間，「臺灣」這個名字仍在某些場合使用。
例如，日本公共廣播公司的一位主播在開幕式上用臺灣而不是中華臺北來介紹臺灣代表團。
此外，不少外媒通報臺灣隊在奧運的表現時，也用臺灣而不是中華臺北來介紹代表隊。

2021年June8日，William Yang，“'Chinese Taipei': Taiwan's Olympic success draws attention to team name”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2021-08-06:

Taiwan and Lithuania agreed in July that the office in the capital, Vilnius, set to open this fall, will bear the name Taiwan rather than Chinese Taipei — a term often used in other countries in order not to offend Beijing.

臺灣和立陶宛於7月同意，定於今年秋天開設的首都維爾紐斯辦事處將使用「臺灣」一詞，而不是「中華臺北」——這是其他國家經常使用的一個術語，以免冒犯北京。

2021年September3日，“Lithuania recalls Beijing ambassador over China-Taiwan spat”, in Associated Press，存檔自the original on 2021-09-03:


untreated

The volume of the flame given out by the untreated wood was estimated at three times that given out by the best treated wood.

1905，Environmental Control & Safety Management，頁 365:

This short list represents but a few items of an extensive and open-ended list of untreated Indian English lexis.

2012，James Lambert，“Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes，頁 302:

The thrill of eventually finding a job is quickly offset by her untreated depression.

2019年August16日，Monalesia Earle，Writing Queer Women of Color: Representation and Misdirection in Contemporary Fiction and Graphic Narratives，McFarland, →ISBN，頁 32:


Yomi

借自日語 黄泉(よみ) (yomi)。

黃泉；日本傳統文化中的死後世界，出口由可怕的生物守護

After Izanagi returns to the earth, he rolls a boulder into the pass, making it impossible for anyone who has gone to Yomi to return. This story can be taken as a myth of the origin of death.

伊邪那岐回到地球後，將一塊巨石滾入關口，使得前往黃泉的人無法返回。這個故事可以看作是死亡起源的神話。

2017，Helen Hardacre，Shinto: A History，Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 51:


vigour

繼承自中古英語 vigour，源自古法語 vigour，源自 vigor，源自拉丁語 vigor，源自 vigeō (“繁榮；茁壯”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“活潑”)。
與 vigil、vegetable、vajra、waker 有關。

vigour 及其衍生詞一般表示“主動的力量”，或“行動的力量”。

The vigour of this arm was never vain

1717，John Dryden (tr.)，Metamorphoses By Ovid, Book the Twelfth:

But in the fruithful earth: there first receiv'd / His beams, unactive else, their vigour find.

1667，John Milton，“(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


Jia

源自官話 佳 (Jiā)的漢語拼音羅馬化。

佳縣，葭縣（縣名，位於中國陝西榆林）。

Yan was born in 1908 in Jia County, Shaanxi Province.

閻於1908年出生在陝西省葭縣。

1987，Wolfgang Bartke，“Yan Kuiyao (阎揆要)”, in Who's Who in the People's Republic of China，第2nd版, K. G. Saur, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 572:

After passing through Mizhi and Yulin, the group eventually reached Jia County by the Yellow River.

過了米脂和榆林後，隊伍終於抵達黃河邊的葭縣。

2002 [1995]，Ni Zhen，譯者 Chris Berry, Memoirs from the Beijing Film Academy: the Genesis of China's Fifth Generation，Duke University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 179:

Syncretism, however, was the main attraction of Daoism for Qing China. In some instances, Buddhist rites were adopted by Daoist monasteries. In other cases, Buddhist monasteries merged with Daoist ones. Such blending could result in primarily Buddhist temple complexes where certain elements of Daoist worship were retained, as was the case at Baiyunshan in Jia county, Shaanxi; half-Buddhist, half-Daoist settings such as Gaomiao in Zhongwei; or fully syncretic monasteries in which Buddhas, Laozi, and Confucius were all worshiped, such as the Xuankongsi in Hunyuan, Shanxi.

但融合主义是道教在清代中国的主要吸引力。有的道教寺院也会采用佛教仪式；而有的道教寺院则和佛教寺院合并为一体。这种融合可能会形成以佛教寺庙为主的建筑群，其中保留了道教崇拜的某些元素，如陕西佳县白云山；半佛半道的设置，如中卫高庙；或（儒释道）完全合一的寺院，供奉佛、老子、孔子，如山西浑源的悬空寺。

2002，Dazhang Sun，“The Qing Dynasty”, in Chinese Architecture, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 339，列 2:


skipping

Suppose we permit irregular skippings and connect, for example, 1 with 3 with 6 with 2 with 4 – but now we cannot skip any more because the only missing point is the adjacent point 5.

2008，Manfred Schroeder，Number Theory in Science and Communication，頁 143:


Mohammedan

MOSQUE (Fr. mosquée, from Sp. mezquita, from Ar. masjid, temple, from sajada, to prostrate one's self, to pray). A Mohammedan house of prayer and worship. Examples of these buildings are found wherever the Mohammedan faith has prevailed, from Spain to India and Turkestan.

MOSQUE（清真寺，法語 mosquée，來自西班牙語 mezquita，來自阿拉伯語 masjid“寺廟”，來自 sajada“俯伏在地，祈祷”）。伊斯兰教祈祷和礼拜场所。从西班牙到印度和突厥斯坦，只要是伊斯兰信仰盛行的地方，都可以找到这种建筑。

1905，“Mosque”, in The New International Encyclopædia，New York: Dodd, Mead and Company:

Mohammedan prisoners shall be allowed to observe the fast of Ramadan and during the fast shall be required to labour at such reduced task as the Medical Officer considers proper.
回教囚犯須獲准守齋月，守齋期間只須從事醫生認為是適當的和經削減的工作。

Rule 45, Prison Rules (Cap. 234, sub. leg. A)


Mohammedan

At the principal stations there are also separate Hindu and Mohemmedan refreshment rooms, and some mail trains have compartments reserved for Indian tea and sweetmeat vendors.

在主要车站，还设有独立的印度教和伊斯兰茶点室，一些邮政列车还为印度茶和甜食摊贩保留了隔间。

1950 February，W. Dendy，“Impressions of the Indian Railways—3”, in Railway Magazine，頁 119:


luxation

lens luxation

The fore-arm, in this luxation, is in a state of half-flexion

前臂在这种脱位状态下处于半屈曲状态

1818，Samuel Cooper，A Dictionary of Practical Surgery:

a laterally bowed distal femur might allow medial patellar luxation. As this repeatedly luxates, the medial trochlear ridge may become worn down, thereby increasing the frequency of luxation.

股骨远端横向弯曲可能会导致髌骨内侧脱位。当反复脱位时，内侧滑车脊可能会磨损，从而增加脱位的频率。

2000，Hamish Denny, Steve Butterworth，A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery:


old hand

My tax advisor is an old hand at dealing with auditors.

我的税务顾问很擅长对付审计。

The media, needless to say, are very pro-Bloomberg. He’s an old hand at stroking reporters and television executives, and few of them have raised the fact that it was Rudy who inherited a lawless city with crime out of control and over eight years, via his ‘broken windows’ theory, turned Gotham into the safest big city on the planet.

2020年March2日，Taki Theodoracopulos，“What makes Bloomie run?”, in The Spectator (US edition):


equating

But, overall, Donne's poetry represents an epistemic break with the love clichés so overused by an earlier era; and the poet was often moved to use Platonic equatings of love, beauty, and goodness to breathe new life into old Petrarchisms.

2015，Philip R. Hardie，The Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature:


documenter

But Osterman is not merely a documenter, preserving the lost art form of the radio drama.

1988年June10日，Justin Hayford，“The Human Radio”, in Chicago Reader:


sustenance

源自中古英語 sustenaunce，源自古法語 sustenance，源自sustenir + 后缀-ance，源自通俗拉丁語 *sustenire，源自拉丁語 sustinere。亦对比晚期拉丁語 sustinentia。

维持物，支持物；养分，养料

More than a mere source of Promethean sustenance to thwart the cold and cook one's meat, wood was quite simply mankind's first industrial and manufacturing fuel.

2006，Edwin Black，章號 2, in Internal Combustion:


fleeing

Until the year 211, "Adamantius" taught, studied, prayed, and fasted amidst disturbance, martyrdoms, and fleeings from house to house[…]


dribbler

It weren't like I wanted to go to the meeting, I could think of plenty of stuff I'd rather than spending all evening sat in a room with the same bunch of dribblers I'd spent all fucking day with.

2006，Clare Allan，Poppy Shakespeare，頁 307:


sacralize

sacralizes (third-person singular present)
sacralizing (present participle)
sacralized (past participle)

Bishop Daniel Flores of the Brownsville Diocese in Texas recently wrote on Twitter that Americans “sacralize death’s instruments, and then are surprised that death uses them.” [...] Bishop Flores told the Catholic website The Pillar, “[...] To say something is sacralized is to say it’s almost taken out of any possibility for conversation.”

德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔教区的主教丹尼尔·弗洛雷斯最近在推特上写道，美国人“将死亡的工具神圣化，然后对死亡使用它们感到惊讶”。 …弗洛雷斯主教告诉天主教网站 The Pillar，“…说某件事被神圣化，就等于说它几乎被剥夺了任何对话的可能性。”

2022年June6日，Patrick Jonsson, Noah Robertson，“Has the gun become a sacred object in America? [槍支在美國變成神聖之物了嗎？]”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


enshittification

源自en- (“使”) + shittification (“变垃圾”)。由加拿大英国的记者 and 科幻作家科利·多克托罗在2022造出，用于形容各个在线平台的现象。

/ɪnˌʃɪtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

/ɛnˌʃɪtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

变差，恶化；垃圾化，粪坑化 （指在线网络平台因追求利益而质量下降的现象，通常体现在广告等赞助内容中）

Ultimately, it doesn't matter if Amazon's enshittification is because [Jeff] Bezos was a cynic or because he sold out. Once Amazon could make more money by screwing its customers, that screw-job became a fait accompli.

2022年November28日，Cory Doctorow，“How monopoly enshittified Amazon”, in Pluralistic，存檔自the original on 2023-03-26:

Both switching costs and network effects tend to lead to enshittification because platform providers see early adopters as an investment in future profits.

2023年March3日，Tim Harford，“The enshittification of apps is real. But is it bad?”, in Financial Times，London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-03-05:

But it's not just users who are effectively incarcerated by enshittification. The advertisers and vendors who are the real customers of tech platforms are also prisoners.

2023年March11日，John Naughton，“Users, advertisers – we are all trapped in the 'enshittification' of the internet”, in The Observer，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-04-19:

Musk perceived instantly that he had one of the perfect conditions for enshittification. Twitter had a multi-million-strong user base, who had built up relationships and reputations among themselves over years.

2023年November25日，Jane Cassidy，“Matheson might just be the latest victim of ongoing ‘platform decay’”, in The National，Glasgow，頁 20:

:Template:seeMoreCites


aquaplane

原始印歐語詞
 *h₂ékʷeh₂
A woman riding an aquaplane in 1919.
1919年，一名女性在玩滑水板。
Two vehicles aquaplaning on a wet road.
兩輛車在潮濕的路面上發生水漂。
名詞派生自 aqua- (表示“水”的前綴) + plane (“平面”)（最終源自原始印歐語 *pleh₂- (“平坦的”)）。
動詞派生自名詞，可分析作 aqua- + plane (“滑翔；劃過水面”)。

aquaplanes (third-person singular present)
aquaplaning (present participle)
aquaplaned (past participle)

同類詞：water ski

She waved her arm—a significant and imperative signal—but she realised, almost as she did it, that there was scant chance of any one aquaplaning at thirty or forty kilometres an hour looking to the right or to the left.

1933，E[dward] Phillips Oppenheim，章號 1, in Crooks in the Sunshine，Toronto, Ont.: McClelland & Stewart, →OCLC:

So much water. They were held up by it, the tyres skating over a film of rain. Aquaplaning. Flying his sister’s fancy car through the wet air. Touching nothing.

2015，Anne Enright，“Shannon Airport”, in The Green Road，New York, N.Y., London: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, part 2，頁 203:


à bas

借自法語 à bas (字面意思是“向下方”)。

打倒！ （首次可考于1897年）

And ever as any black cockade may emerge, rises the many-voiced growl and bark: À bas, Down!

1837，Thomas Carlyle，The French Revolution: A History […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):


murdered

They apparently have a theory that the indefinable psychic gift that they call magic, and which we might designate "psychicism", can be acquired by accosting the soul of a murdered man in a burial ground at midnight.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 178:


murdering

the speedy perpetration of these licensed murderings

1826，James Silk Buckingham，The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature:


ǃXóõ

The ǃXóõ language is spoken by widely scattered groups of San living in southwestern Botswana and a small area of eastern Namibia.

1985, Anthony Traill, Phonetic and Phonological Studies of ǃXÓÕ Bushman, page 1:

[…] which studied category formation of ǃXóõ clicks by speakers of a language that has no clicks (American English) and two other unrelated African languages that have clicks, but fewer of them […]

2008，Keith Elwin Johnson，Second Language Acquisition of the Spanish Multiple Vibrant Consonant，頁 49:

However, the phonotactic patterning of 'uvular' clicks in ǃXóõ does not comply with the predicted patterns given in this analysis.

2010，“Amana L. Miller, Tongue body and tongue root shape differences in Nǀuu clicks correlate with phonotactic patterns”, in Turbulent Sounds: An Interdisciplinary Guide，頁 258:

Speakers of ǃXóõ (also known as Taa), gathered together for a storytelling competition at Pos 17, Namibia […]

2011，Nicholas Evans，Dying Words: Endangered Languages and What They Have to Tell Us，頁 53:

The most phonologically diverse language may be ǃXóõ, spoken by about 4,000 people in Botswana and Namibia, which has somewhere between 84 and 159 consonants.

2011，Michael C. Corballis，The Recursive Mind: The Origins of Human Language, Thought, and Civilization，頁 76:

[…] and the ǃXóõ language spoken in Botswana and Namibia […]

2011, Intercultural Communication: A New Approach to International Relations and Global Challenges (Houman A. Sadri, Madelyn Flammia), page 129:


laquear

花格平頂；（花格平頂的）嵌板

these were the panels proper of the laquear or fretted ceiling.

1903，Suetonius，Gai Suetoni Tranquilli De Vita Caesarum, Libri III-VI，頁 298:

Gradus in quo lector stat, Amp. I, V. 381, it is clear that the ambo, which is meant by it, was to a certain extent an imitation of the laquear in Solomon's temple .

1919，Leo Wiener，Contributions Towards a History of Arabico-Gothic Culture，頁 351:

The sunk or hollow compartments, which form the laquear of this depressed vault, differ considerably in shape and arrangement from those which were adopted when it was finally rejected.

2022，John Addington Symonds，The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti:

The instrument thus bent is gently pushed upwards, so tahat its points take a position to the right and left side of the uterine neck, as high up as possible in the laquear vaginæ.

1860，E. Noeggerath，“Remarks on the Employment of Uterine Pessaries, With the Description of a New Instrument.”, in The Retrospect of Medicine，卷 41，頁 284:

The distance from the posterior laquear to the bottom of Douglas's cul-de-sac measures 1.5, 2.6 to 3.7 centimetres; in a woman in the seventh month of pregnancy, even 5.8 centimetres.

1874，“Ætiology of Uterine Flexions”, in The American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children，頁 489:

Rent of cervix and roof of the vagina (laquear) on the right side.

1890，August Eduard Martin, Ernest Watson Cushing，Pathology and Therapeutics of the Diseases of Women，頁 348:

The great ganglionic apparatus of the uterus lies imbedded in the parts surrounding the lateral portion of the Laquear Vaginæ but above the level of the Laquear.

1894，Casey A. Wood, T. A. Woodruff，“The Uterus and the Eye, an Ophthalmic Review for the General Practitioner”, in The North American Practitioner，卷 6，頁 16:


churrascaria

There are no sword-toting tarted-up gauchos to trouble you, and in all Al Primo Canto offers the churrascaria experience in a significantly more civilized manner than other spots for a lower price.

2007年September21日，“What Else is New”, in Chicago Reader:

Brazilian churrascaria just blocks from its competitor Fogo de Chão.

2005年March25日，Laura Levy Shatkin, Mike Sula，“Late-Night Comfort Food, Creative Japanese, and Home-Style Lebanese”, in Chicago Reader:


divorcer

Death is the violent eſtranger of acquaintance, the eternal Divorcer of Mariage, […]

1655，William Drummond of Hawthornden，History of Scotland […] :


square away

squares away (third-person singular present)
squaring away (present participle)
squared away (past participle)

Accordingly, when the wheel was relieved at eight o'clock, the order was given to keep her due north, and all hands were turned up to square away the yards and make sail.

1969，Richard Henry Dana，Two Years Before the Mast: Twenty-four Years After:


enlumine

enlumines (third-person singular present)
enlumining (present participle)
enlumined (past participle)

Ne is that ſame great glorious lampe of light, / That doth enlumine all theſe leſſer fyres, / In better caſe, […]

而那把无上荣耀的光明炬火，点燃红尘的火花，让他们闪烁，然而 […]

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V, Prologue”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），第II部分 (卷 IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 7，頁 185:


live off

lives off (third-person singular present)
living off (present participle)
lived off (past participle)

When I was a student, I lived off baked potatoes.

我上学的时候靠烤土豆度日。

I live off nothing in this world / Except the thick grey air that chains itself / Swirls all around and engrains itself

1985，“World Without Warning”, in Pressure Points，演出者 Anne Clark:


disambiguate

disambiguates (third-person singular present)
disambiguating (present participle)
disambiguated (past participle)

When necessary, the Greek spelling is disambiguated by an appended phonetic transcription.

1967，Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America，卷 43，頁 619:

The dictionary's traditional “readers” have largely survived this transition, too. They find earlier and better uses of terms which computers can't (in the jargon) disambiguate—distinguish from other similar uses.

2016，John Simpson，The Word Detective，Little, Brown, 出版於 2016，頁 281:


ambiguate

ambiguates (third-person singular present)
ambiguating (present participle)
ambiguated (past participle)

Marvell is as careful here to ambiguate the nature of his poem's speaker as he was in presenting the 'forward youth' of the 'Horatian Ode'.

1993，Thomas N. Corns，The Cambridge Companion to English Poetry, Donne to Marvell:

To ambiguate Jung means to read his texts as ambiguous, even when the statements they contain appear superficially unambiguous.

2013，Jean Kirsch, Murray Stein，How and Why We Still Read Jung: Personal and professional reflections:

Immediately then Socrates will give counterexamples to this definition, ambiguating the definition. Laches will define courage as standing firm in battle. Socrates will ask about whether a person can be courageous in sickness, in business, […]

2016，Richard Gilmore，Searching for Wisdom in Movies:


XI

Not since Coventry in 1992 has a Premier League side kicked off a campaign with an all-English XI but things have reached the point where, of the 61 signings who have cost the elite division's 20 clubs a transfer fee this summer, only 12 have involved Englishmen.


contorniate

借自意大利語 contorniato，contorniare (“畫出線路或輪廓”) 的現在分詞。

边缘内有一狭槽的青铜勋章，据说是君士坦丁大帝及其继任者期间铸造的

Mr. Evans exhibited a fine contorniate, bearing the head of Nero

1864，Reginald Stuart Poole，“The Coins of the Ptolemies”, in The numismatic chronicle，卷 IV:


contorniate

[…] by its close analogy with a more elaborate composition on a contorniate medal of the same Emperor, which was certainly commemorative of that event.


Pernambuco

雲實族（Caesalpinieae）樹種的紅色硬木，常用於作染料；尤其指巴西紅木（Paubrasilia echinata），可用於做小提琴的琴弓

When I annealed the bows over heat, the smell was quite different from the Pernambuco wood we are used to.

[P]ernambucco – the finest brasil from Brazil, so strong it almost resembles iron – became the favoured material for good bows.

2002，Victoria Finlay，Colour，Sceptre, 出版於 2003，頁 198:


Indian giver

送人东西后又想讨回来的人

Mark me, he'll never take those bonds.... He gave them to you and he's not an Indian giver."

1920，Peter B. Kyne，章號 41, in Kindred of the Dust:

He was labeled an "Indian giver"—someone who gives a gift only to ask for it back.

2001，Jon Ippolito，“Whatever Happened to the Gift Economy?”, in Leonardo，卷 34, 期 2，頁 159:


surmise

源自古法語 surmis，surmetre、surmettre (“指责”)的过去分词，源自sur- (“上”) + metre (“放置”)。

surmises of jealousy or of envy

This opinion, however, is merely a surmise, which may or may not be the case.

但是这个观点只是猜测，可能对也可能不对。

But ſurely no Man whatſoever ought in Justice or good Manners to be charged with Principles he actually diſowns, unleſs his Practices do openly and without the leaſt Room for Doubt, contradict his Profeſſion: Not upon ſmall Surmiſes, or becauſe he has the Miſfortune to have Ill Men ſometimes agree with him in a few general Sentiments.

1721，anonymous [Jonathan Swift]，“The Sentiments of a Church of England-man with Respect to Religion and Government. Written in the Year, 1708”, in Miscellanies in Prose and Verse，第4th版, Dublin: Printed by S. Fairbrother, book-seller, and are to be sold at his shop in Skinner-Row, over against the Tholsel, →OCLC，頁 61:

The meeting had been devoid of incident. No word had been said to give me anything to think about, and any surmises I might make were unwarranted. I was intrigued.

1919，W[illiam] Somerset Maugham，章號 32, in The Moon and Sixpence: A Novel (Heinemann's Colonial Library of Popular Fiction)，London: William Heinemann, →OCLC:

In short, the chances of the Princes Street terminal's survival seem unsure, though at the moment these views are no more than surmise.

1962 April，“Talking of Trains: The future of Princes Street”, in Modern Railways，頁 227:

My Thought, whoſe Murther yet is but fantaſticall, / Shakes ſo my ſingle ſtate of Man, / That Function is ſmother'd in ſurmiſe, / And nothing is, but what is not.

c.''' 1606?，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, act I, scene iii，頁 133:


evirate

源自拉丁語 ēvirātus，ēvirō (“閹割”) 的完成被動分詞，源自 ē (“離開”) + vir (“男人”)。

evirates (third-person singular present)
evirating (present participle)
evirated (past participle)

Some philosophers and divines have evirated themselves, and put out their eyes voluntarily, the better to contemplate.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 2:

The pope offered a hundred marks in Latin to who should eviscerate or evirate him (poisons very potent, whereat the Italians are handy), so apostolic and desperate a doctor is Dr. Glaston, — so acute in his quiddities, and so resolute in his bearing!

1846，Walter Savage Landor，The works of Walter Savage Landor:


ardently

more ardently (comparative)
most ardently (superlative)

All scandals aside, Jewish establishment donors and leaders obsessed not only with Jewish continuity but the right kind of continuity—ardently pro-Israel children of two Jewish parents—have failed on their own terms.

2019年August7日，Marissa Brostoff, Noah Kulwin，“The Right Kind of Continuity”, in Jewish Currents:


vaginoplasty

Although a functional vaginoplasty is performed in a single stage, further feminization of the mons pubis can be performed at a second surgical stage.

雖然功能性陰道成形術只需一個階段，但可以在第二個手術階段對陰阜進行進一步的女性化處理。

2016，Loren S. Schechter，Surgical Management of the Transgender Patient，Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN，頁 25:


👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥 Practice day crowds 👏🏻

👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥🇪🇺👥 練習日的人群 👏

👥 protect the public from second-hand smoke

2023年July31日，World Health Organisation，“Smoke-free environments [無煙環境]”, in Twitter:


Nihon

借自日語 日本 (Nihon)。

It is stooopid and insensative for you to indirectly say that AIDS will come to Nihon via Thailand. AIDS is already in Nihon! And your attempt to make Japanese racists on the incorrect fear that Thailand will bring this disease to Nihon is out of line and very evil which is a characteristic of your race!

1994年January16日，Rikiya Asano，“AIDS on the way to Japan”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-01:


sildenafil

可能源自 s(ulfon)yl + -dena- ((pyrimi)dine 的異體) + ph(en)yl。

Ellis opens a file from his stack. In 1991, he says, Pfizer wanted to test the safety of what came to be known as sildenafil.

埃利斯从一堆文件中打开一份。他说，1991年，辉瑞公司想测试一种后来被称为西地那非的药物的安全性。


adire

借自約魯巴語 àdìrẹ。

These have contributed immensely to the development of many modem designs that have made adire to become acceptable as dress […]

1997，O. J. Nwanyanwu，Education for socio-economic & political development in Nigeria，頁 250:


adiate

起於19世紀中葉，源自拉丁語 adīre + -ate，參見荷蘭語 adiëren。

adiates (third-person singular present)
adiating (present participle)
adiated (past participle)

If he adiates, the adiation should take place unconditionally and without limitation of time.

1844，Hercules Tennant，The Notary's Manual: Containing: Instructions for the Notaries at the Cape of Good Hope:


tonner

具有特定噸位的車輛或物體

There came a welcome interruption, however, when I heard the roar of wheels and rejoiced to see my Leyland three-tonner come rolling and heaving over the grass, heaped up with tools and sections of tubing, and bearing my foreman, Peters, and a very grimy assistant in front.

1929，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，When the World Screamed:


follow suit

follows suit (third-person singular present)
following suit (present participle)
followed suit (past participle)

If you are not sure of the proper etiquette, watch what others do and follow suit.

如果你不知道礼仪的条条框框，你就看别人怎么做，然后照做就行。

After World War II it took time to clear up the arrears of track maintenance on both lines and it was not until 1953 that the L.M.R. restored any two-hour schedules, the W.R. following suit a year later.

1960 February，R. C. Riley，“The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 98:

The wise man built his words upon the rocks / But I'm not bound to follow suit

1984，“So. Central Rain”, in Reckoning，演出者 R.E.M.:

I had a natural African American impulse to let this worldlywise middle-aged black woman's maternalism wash over me. And as a post-civil rights African American, I assumed that it was a white audience's job to follow suit.

2014年May28日，John McWhorter，“Saint Maya”, in The New Republic, →ISSN:

But unless there is a Damascene conversion in the Treasury, the chances of the UK Government following suit currently look slim.

2022年May4日，Anthony Lambert，“A revolution in ticketing”, in RAIL，期 956，頁 33:


tessera

借自拉丁語 tessera (“方塊；六面都寫有數字的骰子”)，源自古希臘語 τέσσαρες (téssares，“四”)。

The map was laid using tesserae, small cube-shaped tiles of limestone, marble, or colored stone.


marginalized

more marginalized (comparative)
most marginalized (superlative)

The current Israeli government has been working to curtail and eliminate critical voices within Israeli society in recent years, particularly those fighting to end the occupation and expose human rights violations against Palestinians and marginalized communities.

近年来，以色列现政府一直致力于压制和消除以色列社会内部的批评声音，特别是那些争取结束占领和揭露巴勒斯坦人和受边缘化社区人权被侵犯行为的声音。

2018，“Israeli gov't is trying to defund +972 Magazine, report says”, in +972 Magazine:


practicum

源自晚期拉丁語，practicus (“實際的”) 的中性形式，源自古希臘語 πρακτικός (praktikós，“動作的，行動的；主動的；實際的”)，源自 πράσσω (prássō，“做”)。

Eromin has provided clinical practicum placements for students seeking advanced degrees in social service professions.

Eromin为寻求获得社会服务专业高级学位的学生提供临床实习机会。

1984年April21日，Joyce Baker，“Eromin Center Closing: A Tragic Loss”, in Gay Community News，頁 5:


practico

借自西班牙語 práctico (“有經驗的，熟練的”)。

On the 14th March, we entered the Bio Guaurabo, one of the two ports of Trinidad de Cuba, to put on shore the practico, or pilot of Batabano, who had steered us across the flats of the Jardinillos […]

1907，Alexander von Humboldt，譯者 Thomasina Ross, Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America:


Tonle Sap

借自高棉語 ទន្លេសាប (tɔɔnleisaap)。

洞里薩湖（淡水湖名，位於柬埔寨）。

其他形式：Tonlé Sap

Southeast Asia’s largest freshwater lake, the Tonle Sap in northwestern Cambodia, is facing a water quality crisis, forcing villagers who have lived in traditional floating houses to consider making new lives on the land.

东南亚最大的淡水湖、柬埔寨西北部的洞里萨湖正面临水质危机，迫使一直居住在传统水上房屋的村民考虑在陆地上开始新的生活。

2024年February5日，Sokom Kong，“Livelihoods dry up due to pollution in Tonle Sap Lake”, in China Dialogue:


isolant

Monodictys austrinia was previously reported as an isolant from soil at McMurdo (Tubaki and Asano, 1965), an obviously contaminated area.

1972，Antarctic Journal of the United States，卷s 7-8，頁 258:


sulphurous

more sulphurous (comparative)
most sulphurous (superlative)

"The Northern Heights at last," you say to yourself, hastily closing the carriage window because the Yorkshire coal used by the Eastern Region and its predecessors makes their tunnels more sulphurous than any we know.

1951 October，R. S. McNaught，“Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine，頁 704:


leniate

源自拉丁語 lēniō (“使變柔軟；使緩和”)。

leniates (third-person singular present)
leniating (present participle)
leniated (past participle)

Sometimes an offender is beheaded, sometimes thrown off a rock; […] yet, in these cases, as the Emperor's fury is leniated, they many times escape; but, when the Mutes come in place, all are displaced, against whom their commission is enlarged.

1642，anonymous author，“The Strangling and Death of the Great Turk, and his two Sons”, in The Harleian Miscellany，卷 4, 出版於 1745，頁 32:

[…] ſuch vehehement [sic] vexations and torments in Colicall dolours, which might be leniated by ſeverall Medicaments […]

1657, Richard Tomlinson (translator), A Medicinal Dispensatory: Containing the whole Body of Phyſick : Discovering the Natures, Properties, and Vertues of Vegetables, Minerals, & Animals: The manner of Compounding Medicaments, and the way to adminiſter them, page 113 (originally published in French as "Dispensatorivm Medicvm " by Jean de Renou, 1609)

The conſciouſneſs of ſelf-ſecurity
 Prevails o'er every feeling in the breaſt,
 And leniates all our grief. […]

1792，D[avid] Lloyd，The Voyage of Life: A Poem，頁 169:


LARP

LARPs (third-person singular present)
LARPing (present participle)
LARPed (past participle)

When you think about it it really is crazy that the true sovereign of the world's imperial hegemon is basically an academic seminar in which a couple of legal scholars larp as historians all day.

Harper Spiller (Aubrey Plaza): I don't know what my problem is. I just feel like— I feel like we're LARPing as rich people.
Ethan Spiller (Will Sharpe): We're not LARPing. How— how are we LARPing?

2022年November6日，Mike White，“Italian Dream”, in The White Lotus，季数 2, 集数 2, 經由 HBO:


parasocial

one-sided

单方面的，一厢情愿的； 准社会的 （尤其指代名人和他们的观众或粉丝之间的关系）

单方面的，一厢情愿的； 准社会的 （尤其指代名人和他们的观众或粉丝之间的关系）

a parasocial relationship

Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl coined the term parasocial interaction in 1956 to describe the imaginary interactions between the audience and TV variety show hosts, noting the “seeming face-to-face relationship” that viewers developed […]

[2006，Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media，SAGE Publications, →ISBN:

In the past, parasocial relationships occurred predominantly with television or film celebrities, but now these […] celebrities openly share their opinions and activities through various social media outlets such as Twitter and Facebook.

2016，Molly Marshall，AQA Psychology Student Guide 3: Issues and debates in psychology，Hachette UK, →ISBN:

And yet for every creator for whom parasocial relationships are an unintended byproduct of their work, there are many more – influencers, YouTubers, vloggers – who actively cultivate that faux-intimacy with their followers, softening them up so that they might more easily ply their wares, be that waist trainers or make-up brushes.

2022年February13日，Otegha Uwagba，“Too close for comfort: the pitfalls of parasocial relationships”, in The Guardian:

With the advent of AI chatbots, the ethics of parasocial relationships just keep getting murkier. Introducing: CarynAI, a voice-based chatbot that was trained to mimic a human influencer to become your artificial girlfriend.

2023年May11日，Maggie Harrison，“Influencer Creates AI Version of Herself That You Can Rent as a Girlfriend”, in Futurism:


rangement

general abstract ideas, common measures and receptacles formed by the mind, for the better lodgment, rangement, and adjustment of our other ideas

1734，Daniel Waterland，A Dissertation upon the Argument A Priori for Proving the Existence of a First Cause in a letter to Mr. Law:


doubtfully

繼承自中古英語 dowtfully、doutefulli，等價於 doubtful + -ly。

more doubtfully (comparative)
most doubtfully (superlative)

He looked at the mauve envelope doubtfully, and examined the postmark. "Where is Pudlington, James? and one might almost ask—why is Pudlington? No town has any right to such an offensive name."

1920，Herman Cyril McNeile，章號 1, in Bulldog Drummond:


animalize

animalizes (third-person singular present)
animalizing (present participle)
animalized (past participle)

转化或生产富含动物物质的材料

The weaknesses or disorder of the bowels seem chiefly to be occasioned by the poor, watery, meagre, vegetable diet of the children and of their mothers. The latter, from the use of this diet, have their milk poor, and not sufficiently animalised.

1805，Charles Hall，The Effects of Civilisation on the People in European States, Section III:


ell

繼承自中古英語 elle、elne，繼承自古英語 eln (“从肘部到中指尖端的前臂长度；计量单位”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *alinu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *alinō，繼承自原始印歐語 *Heh₃l-én-eh₂，源自 *Heh₃l- (“肘部，前臂”)。
同源詞包括荷蘭語 el (“厄爾”)、德國低地德語 Ell (“厄爾”)、德語 Elle (“厄爾”)、瑞典語 aln (“厄爾；肘尺”)、冰島語 alin (“厄爾；肘尺”)、拉丁語 ulna (“前臂”)。

give them an inch and they'll take an ell

厄爾，歷史上的長度單位。英格蘭制厄爾為1.25碼（45英寸或114公分），蘇格蘭制厄爾為大約37寸（94公分），佛拉芒制厄爾為0.25碼（27寸或69公分），有些歐洲地方的厄爾不足50公分

At certain times in the ice-mountains of Switzerland there happen cracks which have shewn the great thickness of the ice, as some of these cracks have measured three or four hundred ells deep.

1791，Erasmus Darwin，The Economy of Vegetation，J. Johnson，頁 51:

A homely proverb recognises the existence of a troublesome class of persons who, having an inch conceded them, will take an ell.

1841，Charles Dickens，章號 XXX, in Barnaby Rudge:

Berkhyas is described as being a mountain in size, his face black, his body covered with hair, his neck like that of a dragon, two boar's tusks from his mouth, his eyes wells of blood, his hair bristling like needles, his height 140 ells, his breadth 17, pigeons nestling in his snaky locks.

1850，Thomas Keightley，The Fairy Mythology，London: H.G. Bohn，頁 19:

If he had imputed to them conditions it was all his own doing: it came from his inveterate habit of abysmal imputation, the snatching of the ell wherever the inch peeped out, without which where would have been the tolerability of life?


ell

拉丁文字字母L的名稱。（更常稱作 el）

I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.

2004，Will Rogers，The Stonking Steps，頁 170:

通常与建筑物一端成直角的延伸部分

I could hear them snapping and tearing around, and then one managed to get on the roof by jumping from the low ell.

1931，H. P. Lovecraft，章號 4, in The Whisperer in Darkness:


praising

We ask people all the time, “How many of you are sick and tired of all the praisings you get at work or at home?” Everybody laughs, because most of us do not naturally think of cheering each other on.

我们经常问别人：“你们中有多少人对在工作中或家中得到的所有赞扬感到厌烦？”每个人都笑了，因为我们大多数人不会自然而然地想到互相鼓励。

2009，Ken Blanchard，Leading at a Higher Level, Revised and Expanded Edition:


square kilometre

Located at the southern end of the exercise area, Wuqiu Dao consists of two islets - Daqiucun [Dachiu-tsun^([sic，意為Tachiu-tsun])] and Xiaoqiucun [Hsiaochiu-tsun] with each covering approximately one square km.

乌坵屿位于演习区南端，由大坵村和小坵村两个小岛组成，每个小岛面积约一平方公里。

[1996年March21日 [1996年March18日]，Jixiong (0149 2623 7160) He，“There Is a Feeling of Insecurity on Jinmen, Mazu, and Other Islands”, in Daily Report: China，期s 96-056, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 75，列 2:


conformant

more conformant (comparative)
most conformant (superlative)

I would like to say that I think the reference to the National Labor Relations Act and the other so-called conformant statutes in both 9017 and the War Labor Disputes Act, might very well be decided by the courts, when they do decide them, refer entirely to procedural interpretations rather than to matters of substantive law.

1944，Morse，Hearings Before the Special Committee to Investigate Executive Agencies，U.S. Government Printing Office，頁 1523:

Microsoft LDAP is conformant to LDAP set of standards; however, it is non-conformant to many standards.

2000，“Threat Analysis for Directory Services”, in Vulnerability Analysis and Defense for the Internet，Springer, →ISBN，頁 129:

“[…] Presumably, these families are not in marriages that are conformant to the teachings of the Church.”

2019年March8日，Christine Hauser，引 a letter to Archbishop Joseph F. Naumann, “Catholic School in Kansas Faces a Revolt for Rejecting a Same-Sex Couple’s Child”, in The New York Times:


duchen

duchens (third-person singular present)
duchening (present participle)
duchened (past participle)

In a lengthy essay R. Gaguine explains why in London the Sephardim duchen on the festivals and High Holy Days only and in Amsterdam and Morocco Birkat Kohanim takes place on Shabbat as well as on festivals and High Holy Days.

1996，Macy Nulman，The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer，頁 112:


bookhouse

源自 book + house，可能仿譯自古英語 bōchūs (“圖書館，書屋”)（於中古英語中作 bochous (“圖書館”)，但後來就消失了）。

library

圖書儲藏室，書屋；圖書館；書店

bookstore

圖書儲藏室，書屋；圖書館；書店

圖書儲藏室，書屋；圖書館；書店

Finally, all those who love and desire that such schools and languages be established and maintained in the German lands should consider that no effort and expense be spared to provide good libraries or bookhouses, especially in the large cities that are well able to do so.

2022, original 1520-1546，Martin Luther，Luther & the State: Writings on Secularism，頁 131:

The overall mode of the bookhouses is the same as for the rest of the house: a Free-Style Classicism based on wood construction.

1985，Charles Jencks，Towards a Symbolic Architecture，頁 177:

There were bookhouses, along with stinktanks where you could drink up and listen to awful poetry about extinct animals.

1993，Gardner Dozois，The Year's Best Science Fiction，頁 541:

The academy would have two bookhouses, one of which would teach the children who only wanted to know a few words, […]

2020，Lian XiNingMou，Transmigration: To Be His Man，卷 2:


perite

源自拉丁語 perītus。

more perite (comparative)
most perite (superlative)

[…] some of our friends who are in the habit of exercising a profuse rather than a perite hospitality […]


souler

Often the soulers were children, who would sing their ancient souling-songs from door to door in return for gifts or food.

2002，Kerr Cuhulain，Full Contact Magick: A Book of Shadows for the Wiccan Warrior:


tierce

源自古法語 tierce，源自拉丁語 tertia。

一种容量单位，相当于一个木桶或其他能容纳这种数量的容器的三分之一；一种比 barrel 大、比 hogshead 或 puncheon 小的容器，用于包装葡萄酒、咸腌制食品、大米等以供装运

He then gave me a large piece of silver coin, such as I never had seen or had before, and told me to get ready for the voyage, and he would credit me with a tierce of sugar, and another of rum […]。

1789，Olaudah Equiano，章號 6, in The Interesting Narrative，卷 I:

Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.

1882，James Edwin Thorold Rogers，A History of Agriculture and Prices in England，頁 205:

[W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.

1837，Thomas Carlyle，The French Revolution: A History […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):


speciesm

Despite his analysis of animal traits within the human psyche and his emphasis on diversity of species, […] and his plea for animal protection, Canetti seems to have felt that he was not able to overcome speciesm, the least recognized form of intellectual prejudice of his time.

2004，Dagmar C. G. Lorenz，A Companion to the Works of Elias Canetti，Camden House Publishing, →ISBN，頁 244:

This has generated a reluctance to award ontological priority to any shared characteristics of human beings, and has triggered the radical criticism of speciesm and human exceptionalism […]

2019年November14日，Classical Literature and Posthumanism，Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

[…] but not all major currents of feminism could tolerate the inclusion of speciesm as a form of oppression in feminist considerations and thus declared the consideration of nonhuman animals within feminism essentialist.

2024年February2日，Ecofeminism on the Edge，Emerald Group Publishing, →ISBN:


button up

buttons up (third-person singular present)
buttoning up (present participle)
buttoned up (past participle)

义项1中宾语可在助词之前或之后，但是是代词时必须在助词之前。

封锁 （军事载具或者设施等）

Once buttoned up, NORAD's operation center can survive for more than 30 days without aid from the outside world.

We fired at the tanks and caused them to "button up" and then we started shooting the infantry.

1997，“Statement of S/Sgt. Alfred Sueflow, Company E, 253rd Infantry”, in Battle Between the Jagst and Kocher Rivers, 4-12 April 1945，頁 136:

He turned a key. NORAD buttoned up. The outside lights, flashing for half an hour now in warning of a simulated attack, stopped. Whoever was inside would stay inside. Whoever was outside would not be able to get in […]


jumar

源自瑞士製造商 Jümar Pangit，來自 Adolf Jüsy 和 Walter Marti 的姓氏。

一種上升器，施加重量时会收紧

Jacob handed her the ATC belay device and jumar.

2019，Namwali Serpell，The Old Drift，Hogarth，頁 552:


autocomplete

Tools like spellcheck, autocomplete, and speech-to-text impose someone's ideas of the rules of English automatically—invisible authorities that we can defy but not avoid.

2019，Gretchen McCulloch，章號 2, in Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language，Riverhead Books, →ISBN:


suspire

晚期中古英語詞彙，源自拉丁語 suspīrāre，suspīrō 的現在主動不定式。同源詞包括古法語 sospirer（現代法語 soupirer）和西班牙語 suspirar。

suspires (third-person singular present)
suspiring (present participle)
suspired (past participle)

Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the White Hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.

1859，Edward Fitzgerald，The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia，頁 2:


sushiya

I like caterpillar rolls, but maybe it’s not so bad that I can’t find them in a Tokyo sushiya.

我喜歡毛毛蟲卷，但在東京的壽司店裡找不到毛毛蟲捲，也許這也不是什麼壞事。

2009年May24日，Eduardo Porter，“An All-American Sauce”, in New York Times:


sushi-ya

sushiya的另一種寫法。

The fact that English is often the second language in a sushi-ya can add to the intimidation. […] Many sushi-yas close after two or in the afternoon, and reopen for dinner at five or six.

事實上，英語通常是壽司店的第二語言，這可能會增加人們的恐懼感。 […] 許多壽司店在兩點或下午後關門，並在五點或六點重新營業以供應晚餐。

A few larger bonito and a couple of red snapper are placed in live tanks, either to be kept until market prices rise, or else sold to local sushi-yas for the expensive live-butchered form of sashimi known as ikizukuri.

幾條較大的鰹魚和幾條紅鯛魚被放在活魚缸裡，要麼保留到市場價格上漲，要麼賣給當地的壽司店，做成昂貴的生魚片。

Pseudo-French brasseries are a dime a dozen in this town, of course, but great sushi-yas are hard to find.

當然，這個鎮上的偽法式小酒館比比皆是，但一流的壽司店卻很難找到。

Most sushi-ya in other parts of Japan and the rest of the world often include this clam in their menu as well.

日本其他地區和世界其他地方的大多數壽司店也經常將這種蛤蜊列入菜單。

2005，Dave Lowry，The Connoisseur’s Guide to Sushi: Everything You Need to Know About Sushi Varieties and Accompaniments, Etiquette and Dining Tips, and More，Harvard Common Press, →ISBN:

‘This is a Sushi-ya,’ said Prama. ‘There are some special cultural conventions to follow.’ […] Prama explained that courtesy is very important in a sushi-ya restaurant.

「這是一家壽司店，」Prama 說。「這裡有一些特殊的文化習俗需要遵守。」 […] Prama 解釋說，在壽司店這樣的餐廳，禮貌是非常重要的。

2009，David Charles Fletcher，Perspective of Matter，Wise Grey Owl Limited, →ISBN，頁s 178–179:


visualise

visualises (third-person singular present)
visualising (present participle)
visualised (past participle)

/ˈvɪʒʊəlaɪz/

設想；在腦海中形成一幅畫面

同類詞：audialize、auralize、kinesthetize、olfactorize、tactilize、tactualize

Trains have increased in weight far beyond anything visualised when the bridge was designed, but it has never undergone any major structural alterations, and continues to carry main-line traffic without weight restriction.

火车的重量已经远远超出了大桥设计时的设想，但这座桥从未进行过任何重大的结构改变，并且继续承载着主干线的交通，不受重量限制。

1950 September，“Centenary of the Royal Border Bridge”, in Railway Magazine，頁 637:

Possible developments such as electric or diesel suburban services may be visualised when the town has grown sufficiently to justify them.

1950 October，R. A. Marshall，“Kuala Lumpur, an Important Malayan Railway Centre”, in Railway Magazine，頁 706:

When small masses are to be detected, it is necessary to visualise as much of the lung as possible with as little structured noise as possible. This is accomplished with high-voltage, wide-latitude, image recording and possibly beam equalisation.

2003，Image Quality in Chest Radiography，頁 84:

Be sure to find an area far away from the city or street lights, the darker the better. Lean back or lie flat on your back with your feet facing south and visualize as much of the sky as possible. Most meteors appear as faint streaks in the sky.

2023 December 13, Carrie Hodgin, Brian Slocum, "When is the best time to view the meteor shower? Everything to know about the Geminids meteor shower" (archive), WXII 12:


infantilize

infantilizes (third-person singular present)
infantilizing (present participle)
infantilized (past participle)

For too long, many of us have sought unity by binding ourselves together with the umbilical cords of dogma. They have done less and less to nurture us in recent years, and more and more to infantilize us.

1984年August18日，Scott Tucker，“The Politics of Perversion”, in Gay Community News，卷 12, 號 6，頁 8:


instrumentalize

instrumentalizes (third-person singular present)
instrumentalizing (present participle)
instrumentalized (past participle)

[…] they also instrumentalize race to reinstate nostalgic, vanguard notions of political activism […]

2002，Katrin Sieg，Ethnic Drag: Performing Race, Nation, Sexuality in West Germany:


xiao

來自官話 簫／箫 (xiāo)的漢語拼音。

Chou studied violin and erhu (a two-stringed Chinese fiddle) and tried to emulate his second brother by dabbling in the harmonica, mandolin, xiao (a vertical Chinese flute), and the musical saw.

周学习了小提琴和二胡（一种中国的二弦提琴），还试图模仿他的二哥，涉猎口琴、曼陀林、箫（一种中国的竖笛）和锯琴。

2006，Peter M. Chang，Chou Wen-Chung: The Life and Work of a Contemporary Chinese-born American Composer [周文中：一位當代華裔美國作曲家的生活與工作]:


begrudged

more begrudged (comparative)
most begrudged (superlative)

No service is so unsatisfactory as blind service—no sacrifices are more begrudged than those which are made to objects we are unable to comprehend.

1845，Edward Miall，Views of the Voluntary Principle，頁 98:

It would seem that just at the time when the year's work of the orange tree was completed and the grower was exchanging its fruits for money he would feel like doing something nice by such a faithful servant, but cold facts reveala that of the three needed applications of fertilizer during each year it is the fall application that is the most begrudged and the most often neglected.

1911，Nettie May Gifford Prange，Citrus Culture for Profit，頁 44:

Grabbing a begrudged compromise here; clutching an opt-out clause there.

2008，Stephen Wall，A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair，頁 130:

He used to give him and his brother a begrudged 10p each at the end of his annual stay with them. Just how begrudged this munificent sum was became clear the year Roger's visit coincided with Sam's birthday. When Roger discovered this, just after giving his nephews their coins, he leaned forward and took 5p back from Ian and left.


decalcification

[diːˌkæɫsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]

Presectioning of the mineralized tissue to 3–4 mm thick will minimize the (often extensive) time required for decalcification.

2019，Brian G. Murphy, Cynthia M. Bell, Jason W. Soukup，Veterinary Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology:


awol

AWOL的大小寫替代形式

Back in the city's littered bivouac he walked among the tenements of home like an awol private returning to barracks from which his old outfit had long ago convoyed and scattered for keeps.

1949，Nelson Algren，The Man with the Golden Arm:


kayaker

A kayaker who was thrown from his boat and was being swept towards Teddington Weir was saved from a possible "fatal injury" by a brave rescue lifeboat team.

2017年March10日，Richmond & Twickenham Times:


niggerfied

源自 nigger (“黑鬼，黑人”，種族歧視語) + -fy (“……化”) + -ed (“過去分詞詞尾”)。

more niggerfied (comparative)
most niggerfied (superlative)

被引入黑鬼領域的；被轉變為黑人的方式或規範的

But now she was addressing Mrs. Trenholme in a drawling, niggerfied English […]

但現在她用拖長的、帶有黑鬼特徵的英語對 Trenholme 夫人說話 […]

They knowed the Melungeons, like the Cherokees had let runaway slaves hide out amongst them. This with their dark skin was enough to make our grandpappies see pretty plain that the Melungeons was a niggerfied people.

他們知道 Melungeons 像切羅基人一樣，讓逃亡的奴隸藏匿在他們中間。再加上他們的黑皮膚，讓我們的祖父輩們很清楚地認為 Melungeons 是一個黑人化的民族。

1999，Barbara E. Smith，Neither Separate Nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South，頁 48:

I finally called the Lionel Show, and was fortunate that this intelligent, not loud or niggerfied, college educated black woman answered.

我終於給 Lionel Show 打了電話，幸運的是接電話的是一位聰明、不吵鬧、也不帶有黑人特徵的受過大學教育的黑人女性。


bourdonnée

末端有像朝圣者手杖上的圆形凸起的

A shield of arms : bendy of six, over all a cross bourdonnée fitchée.

1898，British Museum. Department of Manuscripts, Walter de Gray Birch，Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum，頁 185:

Crest - Upon a crest coronet or, charged with a cross bourdonnée azure, a pelican argent, holding in the bill a nail or. Motto - "Sine labe nota." Residence - Henley House, Avenue Road, Regent's Park, N.W. PILKINGTON[…]

1910，Arthur Charles Fox-Davies，Armorial Families: A Directory of Gentlemen of Coat-armour，頁 1282:


Yue

借自官話 粵／粤 或官話 越。

The Yue dialects are popularly known as the Cantonese dialects. [...] The speech of Canton City, which is Cantonese in its narrower sense, is the best known and most generally esteemed of the Yue dialects.

粵語通常被稱作廣東話。 […] 廣州市的方言，即狹義的粵語，是粵語中最著名也是最受推崇的方言。

1989，S. Robert Ramsey，The Languages of China [中國語言]，頁 98:

One form of Yue—that of Canton—has provided an umbrella term for the whole [language] complex—Cantonese.

广州话，粤语的这一种形式为整个（语言）综合体——粤语提供了一个总称。

2000，George L. Campbell，“YUE (Cantonese) [粤语（广东话）]”, in Compendium of the World's Languages [世界语言大全]，頁 1793:

If there is a well-defined subgroup of the Han Chinese today, it is the Yue.

如果当今汉族中有一个明确界定的支系，那就是粤民系。


personal pronoun

Mondays come with questions of couples
Where and with whom did you go?
Avoiding the personal pronoun
She hopes it doesn't show
Shopping with her lover in the city
Two women holding hands don't get a stare
If the kids at school knew what they do
Would they hate her? Why should they care?

1983，Fred Small （作曲作詞）, “Annie”, in The Heart of the Appaloosa:


comforting

Intrenched within the citadel of our apartment, and cheered by the comfortings of a coal fire, we passed the day in letter-writing, conversation, or gazing from the sheltered security of our windows upon the agitated sea[…]

1836，Alexander Slidell Mackenzie，The American in England，頁 269:


nylons

She sheathed her legs in the sheerest of the nylons that her father had brought back from the Continent, and slipped her feet into the toeless, high-heeled shoes of black suède.

1954，Alexander Alderson，章號 17, in The Subtle Minotaur:


husman

“Wife, su'mit. As your husman I'm ordering you to su'mit.”

“老婆，屈服。作为你的丈夫，我命令你屈服。”

2007，Bill Spevacek，Millen County Standoff:

"You know my husman works on a giant forklift for this company for years. […]"

“你知道我老公在这家公司修理大型叉车好几年了 […] ”

2010，Jeannie Cheatham，Meet Me with Your Black Drawers On: My Life in Music，頁 179:

Whosoever that hoochefied, home wrecking heifer is she ain't gon steal my husman from under my nose.

无论这个该死的、破坏家庭的小母牛是谁，她都不会从我的眼皮底下偷走我老公。

2014，The Skegeehawk!，Zee: An Original Naughty Narrative，頁 357:


sharecropping

Slim came from sharecropping stock, his people farmed land but never owned it

斯利姆来自佃农家庭，他的族人耕种土地，但从未拥有过土地

2019，Bernardine Evaristo，Girl, Woman, Other，Penguin Books (2020)，頁 363:


civil disobedience

We now had no alternative but to resort to civil disobedience, and we embarked in earnest on preparations for mass action.

1994，Nelson Mandela，Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela，London: Abacus, 出版於 2010，頁 146:


wincest

乱伦；（尤指兄妹间的）骨科

Oh I see, so if they were over the age of 18 you wouldn't be having "wincest" with them as you put it, huh?

2009年October22日，Onideus Mad Hatter [username]，“Re: Tomba's pedo website ...ripe for hacking”, in alt.support.boy-lovers (Usenet):

5. Powerpuff Girls wincest (It's basically an act of hot sex between family members, which makes it WINcest according to www.urbandictionary.com).

2009年October27日，Ashleigh Johnson，“Playboy steals the Internet's idea”, in The Daily Titan，卷 85, 期 27, California State University, Fullerton，頁 6:


Karakorum

借自蒙古語 Хархорум (Xarxorum)。

Karakorum, once the capital of Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire, lies in ruins scattered in the vicinity of the present-day town of Harhorin.

哈拉和林曾是成吉思汗蒙古帝国的首都，而如今的哈拉和林镇附近只剩下一片废墟。

1996，International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania，Taylor & Francis (Routledge)，頁 451:


tergiversation

源自拉丁語 tergiversātiō，源自tergiversārī (“转身；回避，避开”) + -tiō (构成抽象名词的后缀)。等价于tergiversate + -ion。

/tɝd͡ʒɪvɚˈseɪʃən/

/tɜːd͡ʒɪvəˈseɪʃən/

They make their outward impudence their mask, as foxes, the better we may not see where they truly tend, nor their true black tergiversation beneath.

Anyone who desires an hour's amusement may be advised to look up the tergiversations of eminent craniologists in their attempts to prove from brain measurements that women are stupider than men.

1931，Bertrand Russell，The Scientific Outlook:


hiam

借自泉漳話 薟／莶 (hiam, “辣”)。

more hiam (comparative)
most hiam (superlative)

At best, it was just so-so – nothing like what we would cook for ourselves at home. It was not “hiam” enough probably from the lack of ginger or ginger juice and there was insufficient wine.

頂多只能算是一般般——根本不像我們自己在家做的。味道不夠辣，可能因為沒有放薑或薑汁，而且酒也不夠。

2011 Aug，“STILL CRAZY AFTER ALL THESE YEARS!”, in suituapui.wordpress.com, retrieved 2016-08-12:


concassé

借自法語 concassé (“碾碎的，搗碎的”)。

Spoon the concassé over the arugula, leaving a bit of green showing around the edge. Set aside.

1999，The Gardeners' Community Cookbook，Workman Publishing, →ISBN，頁 74:

This is a great make - ahead dessert because both the crème caramel and the concassé (a coarsely chopped mixture) need to chill for at least four hours. Basil adds an interesting, fresh flavor to the concassé.

2006，Anne C. Chappell，The All-New Complete Cooking Light Cookboook: The Ultimate Guide from America's #1 Food Magazine，頁 168:

[…] Leave the oven on. Meanwhile, make the concassé. Put the tomatoes, garlic, bouquet garni, salt, and pepper in a saucepan. Cover and cook […]

2007，Anne Willan，The Country Cooking of France，Chronicle Books, →ISBN，頁 260:

This is another showstopper, a real “come-over-to-my-place” breakfast or brunch, which means you can follow your fast without anyone else knowing about it. Make plenty of the concassé—you can double or even triple the recipe—and use it […]

2013，Mimi Spencer, Sarah Schenker, Michael Mosley，The FastDiet Cookbook: 150 Delicious, Calorie-Controlled Meals to Make Your Fasting Days Easy，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 35:


concassé

借自法語 concassé (“碾碎的，搗碎的”)。

concassés (third-person singular present)
concassing (present participle)
concasséd (past participle)

將番茄去皮去籽後切成小塊

Blanch, refresh, peel and concassé the tomatoes. Blanch the peas in boiling salted water and refresh quickly in iced water. […]

将西红柿焯水、冷却、去皮、去籽并切成小块。将豌豆放入沸腾的盐水中焯水，然后快速放入冰水中冷却。 […]

2007，Gary Hunter, Terry Tinton, Patrick Carey, Stephen Walpole，Professional Chef - Level 2 - S/NVQ，Cengage Learning EMEA, →ISBN:


concasse

concassé的另一種寫法

[…] with truffled Madeira sauce, haricots verts and fresh tomato concasses, and chocolate raspberry shortcake. The a la carte menu offered the rest of the week features light and informal foods. Guests eat on the garden terrace […]

1994，Christina Tree，Best Places to Stay in New England，頁 299:

Now the new executive chef, Tsvika (Vik) Silberberg, has swung far the other way with a menu full of trendy ingredients: fingerling potatoes, day-boat scallops, root vegetables, jasmine rice. There are reductions and concasses and infused oils.

2001 February，Cincinnati Magazine，頁 132:


concasse

concasses (third-person singular present)
concassing (present participle)
concassed (past participle)

concassé的另一種寫法

Concasse the tomatoes, roughly chop the tarragon then remove the dish from the heat. Add the concasse and tarragon, adjust the seasoning and serve, garnished with chopped parsley in a warm entree dish.

将番茄去皮、去籽并切碎，将龙蒿粗略切碎，然后将菜离火。加入番茄碎和龙蒿，调味，上桌，用切碎的欧芹点缀，作为一道温热的主菜。

2016，Dun Jipping，Army Chef's Handbook of Cookery, →ISBN，頁 14:


home wrecker

homebreaker

使人出轨而破坏他人家庭或婚约的人，小三

使人出轨而破坏他人家庭或婚约的人，小三

Knots Landing surged even higher in the ratings once Donna Mills was added as the neighborhood home wrecker Abby.

2016，David Bianculli，The Platinum Age of Television […] ，Anchor, →ISBN，頁 140:


homewrecker

Amber later branded Kim a 'homewrecker'.

2017，Eve Buckland，“Amber Rose Claims ex Kanye West has 'BULLIED her for 10 years' Since Their Acrimonious Split as she Brands Star a 'Narcissist' and Slams him for 'Slut-shaming Her'”, in Mail Online:

“Everyone is talking about how LIZ UY is a slut, a homewrecker, calling her names which is NOT OKAY,” wrote one netizen (@bashafierce) today.

2018，Cody Cepeda，“Liz Uy Introduces Baby Xavi to the World; Netizens Speculate if she’s ‘Third Party’ in a Marriage”, in The Philippine Daily Inquirer:

My mother is no longer alive, but I still hear her voice: “Homewrecker.”

2019，Mira T. Lee，“From ‘Homewrecker’ to Caretaker”, in The New York Times:

“Let’s not glorify mistresses. I love Liz Uy’s creativity, but being an elite doesn’t give her a VIP ticket to destroy another woman’s family. Put the most expensive ring on her finger but she cannot deny the fact that she was a homewrecker,” one user said.

2020，Catalina Ricci S. Madarang，“Liz Uy’s Engagement to Long-time Partner Raymond Racaza Opens up Old Wounds Online”, in Interaksyon:


soggy

soggier (comparative)
soggiest (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-soggy.wav

"Although we ended up soaked, the feeling of what we achieved and the calories we burned more than made up for soggy hair and clothes. [...]."

2020年November18日，“Stop & Examine”, in Rail，頁 71:


screensaver

But she changed her screensaver, which was a photo of Julian eating scrambled eggs—he was smiling, holding his fork away from himself, as if he were waving the eggs at her—and replaced it with a photo of Olivia, looking up from her desk […]

2008，Joshua Henkin，Matrimony，Vintage, →ISBN，頁 163:

If he wanted praise, or sympathy, or the chance to talk over a sensitive subject, he turned to me. A friend told me that she sat down at her computer one day to discover that her husband had changed her screensaver to read: “Be nice to Lloyd.

2012，Gretchen Rubin，Happier at Home: Kiss More, Jump More, Abandon Self-Control, and My Other Experiments in Everyday Life，Harmony, →ISBN:

You can tell a lot about a person by the desk they keep. Her real name was Mary Stachowicz but we decided to call her Jenny Talia. It's funnier for us. She uses bulldog clips, which I think is a bit lesbiany, but I guess it's right for the character. Her screensaver is a picture of Cher, not the actual Cher, but her mother in fancy dress.

While we waited for Zac to be taken into surgery, I thought of all of his suffering up to this point […] It brought to mind the screensaver that Zac, a few months earlier, had changed his Ipod to.

2015，Carol Ann Bartz，章號 36, in The Believer: An Inspirational Story of Zachary David Bartz (The Boy Who Never Gave Up), →ISBN:

When I arrived at the lab this morning he was back sitting in front of his computer, a million miles away, leaning forward on his elbows and staring into the depths of space. He has changed his screensaver again. The Orion nebula has been replaced with some other astronomical scape, far bleaker in its appearance but more realistic. It looks like the outermost edge of the universe.

2016，Austin Duffy，This Living and Immortal Thing，Granta Books, →ISBN:

I tiptoed over to Trent's nightstand and took his phone into the bathroom. I sat on the edge of the bathtub as I entered his code. When I saw that he'd changed his screensaver from our wedding picture to a picture of Diamond, my blood began to boil. I couldn't believe that he'd done that.

2016，Tamia Gore-Felton，Bangles and Broken Hearts 3: Return of the Bangles，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 97:

She sat at the desk and opened the drawers, then looked up at the computer screen and gave a snort.
 “Sally has Alex's picture as her screensaver. Ha, you'd think she'd be worried he'd see it. […]”

2016，Candy J Starr，The Trouble With Rock Stars: Jackson's Story:


dork

美国20世纪60年代，可能源自dick (“鸡巴”)在学生用语中的委婉形式，特别是在美国中西部。本词从未用于特指鲸鱼的阴茎，而只是指广义的阴茎。
另一词源理论认为其源自方言挪威語 dorg (“一摞；蠢人”)。

狭义指笨拙或者老土的人，广义上指“傻子”。对比doofus、twit。

傻子，呆子 （指愚蠢，不善交际，跟不上时代，或者有小众爱好的人） （自20世纪起）

I entitled the piece "Dorky", dork being slang for a person who does not belong to popular groups, usually an outsider, an odd person, sometimes inept, other times cranky.

1962，Alain Robbe-Grillet，Last year at Marienbad，頁 167:

I didn’t have any clothes and I had short hair and looked like a dork. Girls wouldn’t go out with me.

1967, Don Moser and Jerry Cohen, The Pied Piper of Tucson:

As a matter of fact, this slob was full of information today. He told me why we Jews have different dorks.

1962，Jerome Weidman，The Sound of Bow Bells，頁 362:

"You’re dead, Trashmouth," Vince “Boogers” Taliendo told him, pulling his jock up over a dork roughly the size and shape of an anemic peanut.

"There's that dork whose wife cut off his dork." And when people ask him for an autograph he writes, "Best of luck to Betsy. Signed, the guy whose wife cut off his penis."

2005，Mike Judge，Reading Sucks: The Collected Works of Beavis and Butthead:


museau

借自法語 museau。muzzle 的同源對似詞。

He was the baby of the family, a young man of 二十two, with a fresh, jaunty museau.

1922，DH Lawrence, ‘The Horse-dealer's Daughter’，England, My England:

I was dark with a round museau of a face and thick lips and a pug nose and high cheekbones and deep-set brown eyes and a bush of black hair.

1974，GB Edwards，The Book of Ebenezer Le Page，New York, 出版於 2007，頁 33:


仿譯自拉丁語 plus valet in manibus avis unica quam dupla silvis (“一鳥在手勝過二鳥在林”)，可能源自古代中東（西元前6世紀）。西元前5世紀，以帝國亞拉姆語寫成的《阿希卡爾的故事》中就有「手中一隻麻雀勝過千隻飛翔的麻雀」的說法。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.ogg

一鳥在手勝於十鳥在林；確定的事情比單純獲得更多事情的機會更可取 （15世紀）

It is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste
Than to have thre in the sky above
And more profitabyl to youre behove.

15th c., John Capgrave, Life of St Katherine, Bodleian MS Rawlinson poet. 118, Bk. II:

May. No, but the Sides are going to be changed ; and Sir Harry is to be ſome very great Man ; and as ſoon as he is, I am to be made an Embaſſador of.
 Mrs. May. Made an Aſs of! Will you never learn of me, that a Bird in the Hand is worth two in the Buſh ?

1737, Henry Fielding, Pasquin, Act II, Scene I, p. 27:

[An] acquaintance ... proposed to pay a ... proportion of the cost of the cellar provided he should have as his own everything of value that might be found [excavating]. A bird in the hand, thought Bardolph, is worth two in the bush, so he ... accepted the proposal.

1864，William W. Story，“The Campagna”, in Roba Di Roma，卷 II，頁 8:


peperoncini

希臘和意大利菜所使用的一種比較辣的辣椒

Stir in sugar, parsley and peperoncini.

放糖、歐芹和意大利乾辣椒並攪拌。

2007年February21日，“Recipe: Zappa Family Spaghetti Sauce”, in New York Times:


lesson plan

You've written thousands of lesson plans. You've taught the same subjects over and over. Why doesn't your principal just exempt you from having to write lesson plans? You could teach your lessons with your eyes closed, couldn't you?

你已经写了数千份教案。你一遍又一遍地教同样的科目。为什么你的校长不免除你写教案的义务？你闭着眼睛都能讲课，不是吗？

2015，Annette Breaux, Todd Whitaker，Quick Answers for Busy Teachers: Solutions to 60 Common Challenges:


paper cup

A rather interesting and notable convenience, however, is that of ice water bags, which are hung on to the outside of the coaches at certain stops. These can be reached by leaning out of the window rather perilously, to unhook them, and paper cups are stocked in the compartments.

不過，一個相當有趣和值得注意的便利是冰水袋，在某些站點，冰水袋會掛在車廂外。乘客可以很危險地探出車窗去拿水袋，車廂內還備有紙杯。

1951 February，K. Westcott Jones，“Some Australian Railway Byways”, in Railway Magazine，頁 118:

My coach was air-conditioned, of course, and there was an iced drinking water fountain with a supply of paper cups in a recess by the rest-rooms and toilets.

當然，我的車廂有空調，休息室和廁所旁邊的凹處有冰鎮噴泉式飲水機，並提供紙杯。

1961 June，J. Geoffrey Todd，“Impressions of railroading in the United States”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 356:

Messy trains are horrible, but you can sort of understand passengers leaving their sandwich wrappers and paper cups if there is nowhere to dispose of them.

雜亂的火車確實很糟糕，然而如果沒有地方處理三明治包裝紙和紙杯，你也可以理解乘客們亂扔它們的情況。

2023年April5日，Pip Dunn，“'196s' giving commuters a smoother ride”, in RAIL，期 980，頁 55:


baxterization

As an application we suggest a baxterization of the Dunkl-Cherednik elements Y's in the double affine Hecke algebra of type A.

作為一種應用，我們建議對 A 型雙仿射 Hecke 代數中的 Dunkl-Cherednik 元素 Y 進行巴克斯特化。

2015，A.P. Isaev, A.N. Kirillov, V.O. Tarasov，“Bethe subalgebras in affine Birman--Murakami--Wenzl algebras and flat connections for q-KZ equations”, in arXiv:


fearmongering

alarmism

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

scaremongering

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

Recent polling shows it’s the second most important issue among Americans. But a big reason for that is the relentless, bad-faith fearmongering around the issue by the Republican party themselves, perhaps best summed up by the startling growth this year of the toxic phrase 'migrant crime'.

2024，約翰·奧利佛，上周今夜秀，季数 11, 集数 17:


libant

借自拉丁語 lībāns，lībō (“品嘗；觸摸”) 的現在分詞。

more libant (comparative)
most libant (superlative)

What delicate odours are blown abroad, caught by the libant wind / From the springing wheat on yonder slope, from the alden grove behind!

1901 May，Eleanor Booth Simmons，“In May”, in The Bookman，卷 13, 期 3, New York: Dodd, Mead & Company，頁 252:

The libant libellula darts to the bush / Where safe it sippeth from the laurel’s chaste

1901，[Louis Eilshemius]，“Love: Sweet Recollections”, in Poetical Works of Louis M. Elshemus，First series, New York: The Abbey Press Publishers，頁 264:


tempeh

借自印尼語 tempe，可能來自古爪哇語 tumpi (“一種用澱粉和天貝做的食物”)，或印尼語 tapai (“發酵”)。

同類詞：tofu

Usually sporulation occurred when the tempeh had been exposed to air ( e.g. as the result of uncovering of the pan too frequently ) .

通常当天贝暴露在空气中时（例如过于频繁地揭开锅盖），就会发生孢子形成。

1960，Bwee-Hwa Yap，Nutritional and Chemical Studies on Tempeh [天贝的营养与化学研究]，Cornell University，頁 28:

Fresh or defrosted tempeh will keep 3 to 4 days in a refrigerator at 40°F, and at least 6 months or more in a freezer. When putting fresh tempeh into a refrigerator or freezer, don't stack the packages because heat from one package to another will encourage the culturing process to continue.

新鲜或解冻的天贝在40°F的冰箱中可保存3至4天，在冰柜中可保存至少6个月或更长时间。将新鲜天贝放入冰箱或冰柜时，不要堆叠包装，因为包装之间的热量传递会促使（真菌的）培养过程继续进行。

1989，Dorothy R. Bates，The Tempeh Cookbook [天贝食谱]，Book Publishing Company，頁 7:

The leaves were of use only to the tempeh factories, which collected them every night.

这些叶子只对天贝工厂有用，他们每晚都会采集。

2015，Eka Kurniawan，譯者 Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger，Verso，頁 1:


Su

女性人名 Susan 的指小詞

"I am sure nobody would mind," said Susan; "it isn't as if we wanted to take them out of the house; we shan't take them even out of the wardrobe." "I never thought of that, Su," said Peter.

1950，C. S. Lewis，The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe，Fontana Lions, 出版於 1980, →ISBN，頁 54:


anthropomorph

The aspect which attracts me to the idea of anthropomorphs *is* their differences from humans, particularly in the ways it shapes their social behavior.

擬人化的想法吸引我的一點是它們與人類的差異，特別是在塑造其社會行為的方式上。

1992年October15日，Simon Raboczi，“The 'humanity' of furries”, in alt.fan.furry (Usenet):


red carpet

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-red carpet.wav

I've been gunged on children's TV, hung out with some actors off that soap Dad used to watch, done a photoshoot for a major highstreet fashion outlet and now here we are on the red carpet, outside the cinema in Leicester Square […]

我曾在儿童电视节目中露面，与爸爸过去常看的肥皂剧中的一些演员一起出去玩，为一家大型商业街时尚店拍摄照片，现在我们走在莱斯特广场电影院外的红毯上 […]

This time, the actor was in uncomfortably touchy-feely form. First he sidled up behind Scarlett Johansson as she posed on the red carpet, kissed her, and slid his hand around her waist.

这次，这位演员的举动有点不自在。首先，当斯嘉丽·约翰逊在红毯上摆姿势时，他悄悄走到她身后，亲吻她，并将手放在她的腰上。

2015年February23日，“Oscars 2015: 10 things we learned [2015 年奥斯卡：我们学到的 10 件事]”, in The Guardian (London):


snappy

snappier (comparative)
snappiest (superlative)

Here he is, looking snappy in his brand-new suit.

他来了，穿着新西装打扮得很时髦。

The niftiest, snappiest slacks you ever saw!

1933，Stella Blum，Everyday Fashion of the Thirties as pictured in Sears Catalogs，出版於 1986，頁 56:

snappy weather; snappy pace; snappy rejoinder

The day was cool and snappy for August, and the Rise all green with a lavish nature. Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet:[…]。

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 8, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

a snappy dog

These spring-loaded seats are a bit harder and very snappy when you get off them.

2023年April19日，Pip Dunn，“Jack of all trades... and master of most”, in RAIL，期 981，頁 56:


groupuscule

小的政治團體或派別，特别是極端主義派别

Thus, by the time that I enrolled as an “undergraduate” at Balliol College, Oxford, I was already a militant “student” member of the International Socialist groupuscule, as such factions were to become known after the momentously imminent events in France.

2010，Christopher Hitchens，Hitch-22，Atlantic, 出版於 2011，頁 87:


MIDI

When you collect a group of MIDIs into an album, you can play them much like a CD, with repeat mode, random mode, and a programmed playlist.

當你將一組 MIDI 檔案整理成專輯時，你可以像播放 CD 一樣播放它們，並使用重複模式、隨機模式和程式化播放列表。

1998，Judi N. Fernandez，WAVs, MIDIs & RealAudio: Enjoying Sound on Your Computer:


lambic

原作 allambique；可能（經由比利時荷蘭語 lambiek）借自法語 alambic (“蒸餾器”)。alembic和ambix 的同源對似詞。

Wooden casks serve a special role in the maturation of lambic by allowing a little oxygen to slowly contact the beer.

木桶在蘭比克啤酒的成熟過程中發揮著特殊的作用，它允許少量的氧氣緩緩接觸啤酒。

1990，Jean Guinard，Lambic，Brewers Publications, →ISBN:


gas giant

源自 gas + giant、由美國的科幻小說作家James Blish造出，此詞最早出現在1952年，源於1941年短篇小說《Solar Plexus》的重寫版本。

A quick glance over the boards revealed that there was a magnetic field of some strength near by, one that didn't belong to the invisible gas giant revolving half a million miles away.

1954，James Blish，“Solar Plexus”, in Beyond Human Ken，Random House，頁 106:

Altanorch is a small but typical hydrogen-helium gas giant with no outstanding features. Its combination of strong magnetic field and relatively shallow gravity well make it a popular "stopover" world for discharging FTL drive cores.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Altanorch:

In the past two years, NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope has located nearly 3,000 exoplanet candidates ranging from sub-Earth-sized minions to gas giants that dwarf our own Jupiter.

2013 May-June，Kevin Heng，“Why Does Nature Form Exoplanets Easily?”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3，頁 184:


two week millionaire

Now once more this is not always the case and you will have heard speak of the two week millionaire? This can be a term given to a person that goes on holiday after saving every cent for the other 50 weeks and reveals off by spending a small fortune whereas he is away.

2020年May10日，Bill Church，“The Thai Woman Diaries”, in Herald-Tribune:


accompanable

more accompanable (comparative)
most accompanable (superlative)

As for the houses of the country (for many other houses came vnder their eye) they were all scattered, no two being one by th’ other, & yet not so far off as that it barred mutuall succor: a shew, as it were, of an accompanable solitarines, & of a ciuil wildnes.

c. 1580，Philip Sidney，“The First Booke”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia […] [The New Arcadia]，第3rd版, London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1598, →OCLC，頁 6:


peewah

巴西巴伊亞的桃椰子樹，在千里達和多巴哥被稱為 peewah（詞義1）。
在千里達和多巴哥，桃棕櫚的果實也被稱為 peewah（詞義2）。
借自特立尼達克里奧爾英語 peewa、peewah，源自拉丁美洲西班牙語 pijguao，可能源自克丘亞語 [具體何詞?]。此英語詞和西班牙語 pifá、pivá (巴拿馬)、pijuayo (秘魯) 同源。

pupunha

桃椰子樹（Bactris gasipaes），一種產於南美的棕櫚科植物

桃椰子樹（Bactris gasipaes），一種產於南美的棕櫚科植物

The Pewa or Peach palm (Guilielma speciosa) was introduced from Trinidad, and seedlings raised for distribution. The fruits when boiled in water with salt are appreciated as a food.

1910，Department of Agriculture, Legislative Council, Trinidad and Tobago，[Council Paper]，Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Government Printer, →OCLC，頁 16:

This Guilielma [the peach palm or pejibaye (Guilielma gasipaes)] is prized in Trinidad, as well as elsewhere, for its edible fruits; by the natives I have heard it called piliwa and piwa.

[1947年December27日，L[iberty] H[yde] Bailey，Indigenous Palms of Trinidad and Tobago (Gentes Herbarum: Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants)，卷 VII, fascicle IV, Ithaca, N.Y.: Bailey Hortorium of The New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University, →OCLC，頁 353:

Nonconventional sources with development potential include: [...] wild plants such as gru gru, pewa (peach nut), many weeds and, possibly, the seeds of seaside grapes, fat pork, etc.

1984，Jeffrey W. Dellimore, Judy A. Whitehead，Secondary Agrobased Industries: ECCM and Barbados (Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Project; 90)，Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, →OCLC，頁 79:

Nicolasa had boiled a couple dozen peewahs. They were of a floury consistency. I cracked open the nuts and chewed them slowly, squeezing out the juice against my palate.

1994，Sylvia Moodie-Kablalsingh，The Cocoa Panyols of Trinidad: An Oral Record，London, New York, N.Y.: British Academic Press, →ISBN，頁 42:

I start to remember Julie mango, how it sweet, and chataigne and peewah that me mother would boil up in a big pot a' salt water, and how my father always had he little kitchen garden, growin' dasheen leaf and pigeon peas and yam and thing.

1996，Nalo Hopkinson，“A Habit of Waste”, in Fireweed，Toronto, Ont.: Fireweed Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 40，列 2; republished in Concert of Voices: An Anthology of World Writing in English，第2nd版, Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2009, →ISBN，頁 186:

Mr. [Bertram] Manhin's travels resulted in his introducing into the country fruits like Pewa (Bactris gasipaes) from Costa Rica, Brazil and Peru; [...]

2000 November，Karl Burgess，“La Vega Estate”, in Proceedings: Regional Agro-tourism Conference: Agro-tourism – a Sustainable Approach to Economic Growth […]，Trinidad and Tobago: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, →OCLC，頁 79:

Every Saturday, I make it my mission to buy something new: [...] peewah, which look like cute, golf-ball-sized coconuts (they're the fruit of a different palm tree) and are a popular Trini snack. Boiled in well-salted water, peeled and popped into our mouths, they remind us of roasted chestnuts.

2009，Ann Vanderhoof，“Curry Tabanca: Trinidad”, in The Spice Necklace: A Food-lover’s Caribbean Adventure，Toronto, Ont.: Doubleday Canada, →ISBN，頁 190:

The fruit of the land would also be sold from wooden trays—peewah, topi tambo, pois doux and other natural treats.

2013年April6日，Angelo Bissessarsingh，“The marchandes of Port-of-Spain”, in Trinidad and Tobago Guardian，Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad Pub. Co., →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2020-07-09:


no holds barred

a no holds barred debating style that quickly transformed into cheap shots and bickering

There isn’t much reason to be optimistic about thoughtful dialogue in this general election. Both sides are girded for a negative, no-holds-barred slugfest.

2016年May8日，Albert R. Hunt，“Trump and Clinton Campaigns Gear Up for a Slugfest”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Among them was Ryan Ferchaud, 37, a tourist from Memphis who mostly faulted groups of college students for what she said was their no-holds-barred attitude regarding the mayhem.

2021年March22日，Neil Vigdor, Michael Majchrowicz, Azi Paybarah，“Miami Beach, Overwhelmed by Spring Break, Extends Emergency Curfew”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

“But the Russian doctrine of mass firing and no holds barred was visible in Chechnya, and there is the potential that Russia will get its act together tactically, and that will result in mass fire against population centers.”

2022年February28日，Steven Erlanger，引 Douglas Lute, “After a Fumbled Start, Russian Forces Hit Harder in Ukraine”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


strich

The lether-winged Bat, dayes enimy, / The ruefull Strich, still waiting on the bere, / The Whistler shrill, that who so heares, doth dy […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto XII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


go by

goes by (third-person singular present)
going by (present participle)
went by (past)
gone by (past participle)

I'm only going by what my teacher said.

a good rule to go by

If his reputation is anything to go by, he's the best in this field.

如果他的名声是真的的话，他是这个领域里最好的。

The uncared-for external appearance of the tanks is nothing to go by, for the glass-lined tanks are kept in perfect condition.

1959 March，R. C. Riley，“Home with the Milk”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 155:

Or perhaps we will sink back into our culture of complacent exceptionalism and await the next plague that will surely arrive. To go by recent history, that moment will come sooner than we think.

2020年April9日，Richard Horton，“Coronavirus is the greatest global science policy failure in a generation”, in The Guardian:


streel

源自愛爾蘭語 straoille (“不整潔的人”)。

Cissy came up along the strand with the two twins and their ball with her hat anyhow on her to one side after her run and she did look a streel tugging the two kids along with the flimsy blouse she bought only a fortnight before like a rag on her back and bit of her petticoat hanging like a caricature.


streel

streels (third-person singular present)
streeling (present participle)
streeled (past participle)

a yellow satin train that streeled after her like the tail of a comet

1847 January – 1848 July，William Makepeace Thackeray，Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero，London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:


Catholicism

Catholicism is the second largest religious body after Sunni Muslims

天主教是仅次于逊尼派穆斯林的第二大宗教团体

2011，Connie Green, Religious Diversity，Children's Literature，頁 156:


abnegator

借自晚期拉丁語 abnegator，源自 abnegatus。等價於 abnegate + -or。

否認者，拒絕者 （自17世紀初）

On the other side, representing a serpentine generation wholy, made of fraud, policies, and practises, men lovers of the world, and haters of truth and godlinesse, fighters against the light, protectors of darkenesse, persecuters of marriage, and patrons of brothelles, abnegators and dispencers against the lawes of God […]

1605，Edwin Sandys，A Relation of the State of Religion，London: Simon Waterson:

The Catholic is theoretically a Collectivist, a self-abnegator, a Tory, a Conservative, a supporter of Church and State one and undivisible, an obeyer.

1914，George Bernard Shaw，“Preface for Politicians”, in John Bull’s Other Island，London: Constable，頁 xix:


David-and-Goliath

源自《圣经》中关于大卫王的故事。

The “Axanar” case has sparked considerable controversy within the “Star Trek” fan community, with some championing the film as a David-and-Goliath battle for creative freedom and others sharply criticizing the film’s creators for overstepping their bounds and threatening the entire world of fan films.

2016，Josh Rottenberg，“CBS and Paramount Pictures announce new guidelines on 'Star Trek' fan films”, in Los Angeles Times:


grunt work

She has not only participated in the left as a star, even though she came into the role quite young. When Holly was between entertainment jobs, she volunteered for grunt work in anti-war organizations.

1990年December9日，Maida Tilchen，“Closer To Near”, in Gay Community News，卷 18, 號 21，頁 14:

He plans to hire somebody to do the grunt work of digging the trenches for the pipes.

他打算雇人来干挖管道沟这种体力活。


pawn off

pawns off (third-person singular present)
pawning off (present participle)
pawned off (past participle)

带on表明转嫁的对象。还见palm off。

LeMaster was dealt to the even-lowlier Pittsburgh Pirates for a minor league pitcher. The Indians were so anxious to pawn him off on the Pirates that the club even paid Johnnie a $100,000 "assignment fee" to go to Pittsburgh.

1987，Bruce Nash, Allan Zullo，The Baseball Hall of Shame 3，Pocket Books, →ISBN，頁 42: