manju

借自日語 饅頭 (manjū)，來自漢語 饅頭／馒头 (mántou)。mandu、manti和mantou 的同源對似詞。

Then, replying to Gyowo’s interrogation, he announced that as he had as many manju cakes as he wished for, and as he was no more use in this world, he would not mind dying.

1930，Yosoburo Takekoshi，The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan，卷 III, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company，頁 76:

My mother opened a large bag and took out four bottles of beer, some manjus and iced cakes.

1973，Ryuji Nagatsuka，譯者 Nina Rootes, “Part One”, in I Was a Kamikaze，第1st American版, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 出版於 1974, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 57:

Smiling, she pours a cup each for herself and Shiro, goes back to the kitchen, and returns with a plate of manju. Each manju is shaped like a maple leaf. / “These are specialties of Hiroshima. You’ll like them because they don’t have bean paste inside. The outside part is like pancakes. Inside they have chocolate or jam. Try one.” She holds the plate toward me. / I take one of the manju and bite into semisweet chocolate. “This is great.” / Michiyo and Shiro are looking at each other and nodding. See, she likes the manju, they must be thinking to each other.

1995，Kyoko Mori，The Dream of Water: A Memoir，New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN，頁 193:

Madara assumes the form of a chubby, mochi-like cat named Nyanko-sensei who loves to drink sake and eat manju and ebi furai—and pretty much anything else.

2020，Diana Ault，Cook Anime: Eat Like Your Favorite Character—From Bento to Yakisoba，New York, N.Y.: Tiller Press, Simon & Schuster, Inc., →ISBN，頁 18:

Angel hummed, their gaze shifting from him to the plate of manju sitting on the bench.

安吉尔哼了一声，他们的目光从他身上转移到了长凳上的那盘馒头上。

The cream was thick and complimented the pancake-y batter of the manju perfectly. […] “Manju originated from Chinese mantou, that deep fried bread thing you dip in condensed milk that you can get in Binondo. But this is Japanese. And the Japanese version is made with red bean instead of chocolate or custard.[…]”

奶油浓稠，与日式馒头那层薄饼般的面糊完美搭配。 […] “日式馒头源于中式馒头，那种油炸的、蘸着炼乳吃的馒头，在岷伦洛可以买到。但这是日式馒头。日式馒头用的是红豆，而不是巧克力或蛋奶沙司。 […] ”

2022，Carla de Guzman，Some Bali to Love，Midnight Books:

They say in Slam Dunk that you need to have self-control to grab rebounds, and the girls exhibited a lack of that: they bought up over half of the manju I made. I could never make enough manju. […] “Well, I know that children can’t be eating that many manju, and grabbing manju off the shelf isn’t exactly the same as grabbing rebounds, so why don’t y'all bring that same tenaciousness to your post-manju workouts?[…]”

2023，Shoji Goji，譯者 Eric Margolis, Loner Life in Another World，卷 6, Seven Seas Entertainment, →ISBN:

It also comes with dessert — seasonal potato manju and fruits anmitsu.

还附带甜点——时令土豆馒头和水果豆沙馅。

2023年April30日，Dining Out (Honolulu Star-Advertiser)，頁 16:


waifu

借自日語 ワイフ (waifu)，源自英語 wife；由4chan所传播开来。wife 的同源對似詞。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-waifu.wav

指漫画、动画、游戏等中的一些女性角色。有些玩家/观众很喜欢这类角色，并把她们看作像自己的妻子一样的人。

So long as I get to claim my virtual waifu and our 30 virtual children as tax deductions, I don't really care if I can't touch her.

只要我能够将我的虚拟老婆和我们的30个虚拟孩子作为减税对象就行，碰不到她我也没关系。

2008年October30日，Galen，“Re: Japanese launch campaign to marry comic book characters [回复：日本发起与漫画人物结婚的活动]”, in rec.arts.manga (Usenet):

Seriously, it was fun, but here's hoping that they lay off some of the bits that got old real quick, like Mio getting scared easily. I would not like to have someone that timid as "mai waifu" (as if I'd marry a bloody high school girl anyway). Makes me wonder what that says about the otaku who worship her.

2009年December31日，Dave Watson，“Re: K-ON! 2nd season announced”, in rec.arts.anime.misc (Usenet):

Bradley Meek's portrayal of Lucky☆Star's protagonist is particularly worthy of notice in assessing the anime's take on the art-play dyad: “Konata Izumi is a high school otaku hardcore enough to know trivia about seventies giant robot and tokusatsu shows,” the critic proposes, “but not hardcore enough to own a bodypillow of her waifu [a 2D significant other]. […]

在评价这部动画对艺术与戏剧二元组的看法时，布拉德利·米克对《幸运☆星》主角的刻画尤其值得一提：“泉此方是一名御宅族高中生，她对七十年代巨型机器人和特摄节目的各种细节了如指掌，”这位评论家指出，“但她还没有硬核到有一块她老婆[二次元的另一半]的抱枕。 […]

2012，Dani Cavallaro，Kyoto Animation: A Critical Study and Filmography [京都动画：批判研究与动画年表]，McFarland & Company, 出版於 2012, →ISBN，頁 126:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:waifu。


romaji

音譯自日語 ローマ字(じ) (rōmaji，字面意思是“羅馬字母”)。

/ˈɹəʊ.mə.d͡ʒiː/

The romaji of the word ローマ字 is “rōmaji”.

“ローマ字”一词的罗马字是“rōmaji”。

The katakana and the hiragana are syllabic forms of writing derived from Chinese characters, while the romaji are the letters used in writing most European languages.

片假名和平假名是衍生自汉字的音节书写形式，而罗马字则是用于书写许多欧洲语言的字母。

For example, in Japanese advertisements sexy and my house often appear in romaji, making the underlying concepts of eroticism and private ownership more exotic.

例如，日本广告中的 sexy（性感）和 my house（自己的房子）经常使用罗马字书写，以分别使其潜藏的“色情”和“私人所有”的概念更加异域化。

2006，Ralph Fasold, Jeffrey Connor-Linton，An Introduction to Language and Linguistics，頁 410:

Today people ordinarily use kana-kanji conversion systems for inputting Japanese text. Because many of them can touch-type the romajis for the kanas, the O-code with kana-kanji conversion is more accessible.

2011，T Okadome, J Nakajima, S Ito, K Kakusho，“An Accessible Coded Input Method for Japanese Extensive Writing”, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Advances in Text Input Methods:


exister

We existers are never either ready to hand or present at hand, because our ontological constitution, Existenz, is utterly different from theirs […]

1992，Graeme Nicholson，Illustrations of being: drawing upon Heidegger and upon metaphysics:

It is good that existers enjoy their pleasures. It is also good that pains are avoided.

2006，David Benatar，Better never to have been: the harm of coming into existence:


mooncake

A tray of mooncakes.
A mooncake sliced open to reveal its lotus seed paste filling.
來自moon + cake，仿譯自官話 月餅／月饼 (yuèbíng)，來自月 (yuè) + 餅／饼 (bíng)。。

mooncakes (plural)
moon cake (alternative)
moon-cake (alternative)

月餅 （自17世紀晚期）

The fifteenth Day of the eighth Moon, is ſolemniz'd by the Chineſes with great feaſting and rejoycing. […] To this purpoſe, the preceding Days they ſend to one another Preſents of little Loaves and Sugar-Cakes, which they call Yue Pim, or Moon-Cakes. They are round, but the biggeſt, which are about two hands breadth in diameter, and repreſent the Full Moon, have every one a Hare in the middle made of a Paſt of Walnuts, Almonds, Pine-Apple-Kernels and other Indgredients. Theſe they eat by the Light of the moon; the Richer ſort having their Muſick alſo playing about 'em, which is very good.

1688，Gabriel Magaillans [i.e., Gabriel de Magalhães]，“Of Several Other Palaces, and Some Temples Erected within the Same Enclosures”, in [anonymous]（譯者）, A New History of China, Containing a Description of the Most Considerable Particulars of that Vast Empire. […]，London: […] Thomas Newborough, […], →OCLC，頁 318:

Mei-kwei 玫丨 [i.e., 玫瑰] name of a pearl; also of a round cake, called the moon-cake, eaten at the harvest moon; […]

1819，R[obert] Morrison，“瑰”, in A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, […]，part II, volume I, Macao: […] East India Company’s Press, by P[eter] P[erring] Thoms, →OCLC, entry number 6772，頁 507，列 3:

The 15th day of the 8th moon is the 中秋 mid autumn feast. […] The cake shops are cleared of other stock, and nothing is to be bought in them for many days but the moon cakes. The moon cake—I am afraid I cannot convey an idea in words, of the delicacy of this exquisite morceau. I merely give its composition, and leave the rest to the imagination of the reader. A small pie in shape of a pork pie, with a crust not quite so tough as well tanned leather, filled with lumps of pork fat mixed with sugar, almonds, chopped walnuts, sesamum, and other varieties of seed.

1870 December，F. H. Ewer，“Some Account of Festivals in Canton”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal，卷 3, 期 7, Foochow, Fukien, China: Rozario, Marcal & Co., 出版於 1871, →OCLC, paragraph VII，頁 187，列 2:

[M]aybe his mother has promised him a mango or a moon-cake if he would be good; […]

1890 February，Yan Phou Lee，“The Boys and Girls of China”, in St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks，卷 XVII, part I, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC，頁 362，列 2:

The emblematical pastry of the period, the moon cake, has for its ingredients a little bit of everything grown during all the seasons of the year. […] Indeed, it is the nearest thing to pie the Chinese cookery affords. Bits of pork, cabbage, pumpkin, figs, fruit and fowl baked together in a cast-iron crust, seasoned with pork fat, may not be appetizing to the Caucasian taste, but they tickle the palate of a Chinaman into epicurean laughter and make him believe he is enlarging his mind proportionately with his waist.

1893 April，Don Seitz，“A Celestial Farm on Long Island”, in Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly，卷 XXXV, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: Frank Leslie’s Publishing House, […], →OCLC，頁 495，列 2:

The servants had already packed and loaded a rickshaw with the day's basic provisions: […] sweaty earthen jars of preserved meats and vegetables; stacks of red boxes lined with four mooncakes each; and of course, sleeping mats for our afternoon map.

1989，Amy Tan，“Ying-Ying St. Clair: The Moon Lady”, in The Joy Luck Club，New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN，頁 73:

The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruit cakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds, lotus seeds, almonds, minced meats, bean paste, orange peels, and lard. A golden yolk from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled into a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year"—that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary moon.

1989，K. S. Tom，“Celebrations and Festivals”, in Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom，Honolulu, Hi.: Hawaii Chinese History Center, 出版於 2000, →ISBN，頁 40，列 2:

During the year we gathered together in the coolie room a few times to celebrate certain festive occasions, like the Ghost Month or the Mooncake Festival. If you had money to spare, you would buy some food, for example mooncakes to celebrate with your sisters.

1994，Claire Chiang，“Female Migrants in Singapore: Towards a Strategy of Pragmatism and Coping”, in Women and Chinese Patriarchy: Submission, Servitude and Escape，Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press; London: Zed Books, →ISBN, part III (Social Remedies and Avenues of Escape)，頁 245:

[S]he just said, 'The mooncake, if don't eat, must throw away. But like that waste money, very gek sim.' I didn't want to hurt her heart, so I ate the cake. My mother watched me eat the mooncake. 'Do you like it?'

1997，Hwee Hwee Tan，Foreign Bodies […]，第1st trade paperback版, New York, N.Y.: Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 出版於 January 2000, →ISBN，頁 149:

Fruit mince moon cakes […] Over the years, the Chinese moon cake has evolved into a variety of treats with different fillings. To cater to the health-conscious, many bakeries also offer miniature moon cakes and sugar-free moon cakes. I have used a fruit mince filling to make these moon cakes a little more familiar to the European palate, but you do need a moon cake mould to make these.

2007，Dean Brettschneider，“Pastries”, in Global Baker: Inspirational Breads, Cakes, Pastries and Desserts with International Influences，第new版, Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Cuisine, 出版於 2020, →ISBN，頁 120:

Remember the overthrow of the Manchus, when messages hidden in moon cakes roused the people to bring arms to the meeting place.

2008，Chin Woon Ping，“Mooncakes and the Moon”, in Hakka Soul: Memories, Migrations, and Meals，Singapore: NUS Press, →ISBN，頁 29:

Tea and moon-cakes were served after dinner. The cakes came in square, octagonal and round shapes, each one about two inches thick and covered in a soft, brown skin. Emily cut them into quarter slices and handed them round.

2012，Tan Twan Eng，章號 10, in The Garden of Evening Mists，Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Myrmidon Books, →ISBN，頁 143:


Lisu

源自官話 傈僳 (lìsù)、𤠫𤢂的漢語拼音。

There are more than a hundred such groups, including the Karen of Thailand and Burma; the Kachin in Burma; the Akha, the Lahu, and the Lisu in Thailand; the Hmong, the Kmhmu, and the Yao in Laos; and the Nùng and the Lati in Vietnam.

2011，Terry Miller, Sean Williams，The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music，頁 303:


greatest thing since sliced bread

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-greatest thing since sliced bread.ogg

This column is about the greatest thing since sliced bread.

1962, Jeanne Boardman, letter to "Hints from Heloise", St. Joseph, Missouri, Gazette (Wednesday, December 19, 1962), page 5:

Because if he starts to write a check for the full amount and I say, "Take off $250", or "I'll throw in door-guard trim and five steel radials for nothing", Charley is going to think I am the greatest thing since sliced bread.

1978, Joe Girard, Stanley H. Brown, How to Sell Anything to Anybody, page 104:

It was the greatest thing since sliced bread when it first came out, and I remember selling a big project to a customer by demonstrating it.

2007，David S. Platt，Why Software Sucks: ...and What You Can Do About It，頁 208:


unrecognisable

more unrecognisable (comparative)
most unrecognisable (superlative)

To nostalgic eyes they became absolutely and almost mercifully unrecognisable. Nor did they escape a full measure of denigration.

1952 January，Henry Maxwell，“Farewell to the "T14s"”, in Railway Magazine，頁 57:

The station has been refurbished both at ground level and below ground, where the wide, fluorescently lit platforms are an almost unrecognisable metamorphosis of the dingy, reeking Low Level of old.

1960 December，“The Glasgow Suburban Electrification is opened”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 713:

Standing on the platforms at Derby today, the station is virtually unrecognisable from how it was during the mid-to-late 2000s, when it seemed as if it was in terminal decline.

2019年December4日，Andy Coward，“Derby's crowning achievement”, in Rail，頁 57:


niver

An’ niver got half his fill.


somer

To the examples alleged by Richardson, in his Dictionary, add the following: "I se it by ensaunple In somer tyme on trowes; Ther some bowes ben leved, And some bereth none, There is a meschief in the more Of swiche manere bowes."

1853，Various，Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853:

In Scotland, that somer, was nothing but myrth; for all yead[515] with the preastis eavin at thare awin pleasur.

1895，John Knox，The Works of John Knox, Vol. 1 (of 6):


scrawny

方言词scranny (“薄的，骨瘦如柴的，欠缺的，劣质的”)的变体，可能是源自古諾爾斯語 skran (“垃圾”) + -y。对比挪威語 skran (“骨瘦如柴的”)、英語 scrannel (“瘦的，无价值的”)。
另可能源自古諾爾斯語 skrælna (“枯萎”).

scrawnier (comparative)
scrawniest (superlative)

“Tell him, in these words, that I will have his scrawny bones before me now. Tell him, Byar, and bring him if you must arrest him and those filthy wretches who disgrace the Children. Go.”

1992，Robert Jordan，“Chapter 31: Assurances”, in The Shadow Rising (The Wheel of Time; 4)，London: Orbit Books, 出版於 2021, →ISBN，頁 498:


knock up

knocks up (third-person singular present)
knocking up (present participle)
knocked up (past participle)

敲门吵醒，敲门叫醒； 叫醒，叫来； （在选举日）上门提醒...投票 （见knocker up）（自17世纪）

“Very sorry to knock you up, Watson,” said he, “but it's the common lot this morning. Mrs. Hudson has been knocked up, she retorted upon me, and I on you.”

1892，Arthur Conan Doyle，The Adventure of the Speckled Band, page 1:

‘I didn't knock you up when I came in,’ Peregrine said. ‘There seemed no point. It was getting light. I just thought I’d leave the note to wake me at seven. And oddly enough I did sleep. Heavily.’

1966，Ngaio Marsh，Death at the Dolphin，頁 160:

使...筋疲力竭，使...无法再继续 （自18世纪）

‘Now, mamma,’ he said, when he went out, ‘take notice, you are not to knock up your god-daughter with gossip,’ [...]

1835，Charlotte Brontë，章號 XVII, in Villette:

The day being exceedingly hot, the want of food had knocked up my followers […]

1861，John Petherick，Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa，頁 389:

筋疲力竭；无法再继续下去 （自18世纪）

[…] the horses were beginning to knock up under the fatigue of such severe service […]

I met one of your dons at tea, and he said that your degree was not in the least a proof of your abilities: he said that you knocked up and got flurried in examinations.

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, VII [Uniform ed., p. 87]:

使...怀孕（尤指婚外孕，参见knocked up） （自19世纪）

I guess his summer plans are shot now that he knocked his girlfriend up.

看来他把女朋友整怀孕了以后暑期计划要泡汤了。

“And how many other girls has he knocked up?” “Would you keep your voice down? Mom's home.” She pressed her hands to her head. “I just don't understand how you could ditch Rowan and get knocked up by Scott, like, right away.”

2015，Jaime Loren，Waiting for April，Pan, →ISBN:


elephant in the room

可能源自美國，或源自伊萬·克雷洛夫1814年的寓言“好奇的男人”，內容是一個男人去了博物館，注意到了很多東西，除了一頭大象。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-elephant in the room.ogg

800-pound gorilla

“房子裡的大象”：一些社會上難以講述的事實（如涉及人權、政治、種族衝突），這些事情通常涉及各別陣營的利害衝突，所以為了不造成直接的對立，大家選擇沉默以對。

There is an elephant in the room that nearly every politician and green campaigner is ignoring. It’s called population growth.

2008年January6日，Nicholas Rufford，“Motormouth: The car of the future, at £1,300”, in Sunday Times (UK):


kuai

借自官話 塊／块 (kuài)。

Many Chinese people never cook at home because the range of options is endless, from 10-Kuai eats, to 1,000-Kuai feasts.

很多中国人不在家做饭，因为（外出就餐的）选择实在是太多了，从10块钱随便吃点，到1000块钱的大餐。


Lhotse

借自藏語 ལྷོ་རྩེ (lho rtse)。

洛子峰（位于喜马拉雅山脉，在中國与尼泊爾的边境上，是世界第四高峰。）

Mount Everest was only 3 or 4 miles away from us. From it to the South-east swept a huge amphitheatre of mighty peaks culminating in a new and unsurveyed peak, 28,100 feet in height, to which we gave the name of Lhotse, which in Tibetan means the South Peak.

埃佛勒斯峰离我们只有三四英里。从埃佛勒斯峰向东南方向延伸出一片巨大的圆形凹地，山峰高耸入云，最高峰是一座新的、未经勘测的山峰，高28,100英尺，我们给这座山峰取名为洛子峰，藏语意为南峰。

1922，C. K. Howard-Bury，Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance, 1921 [埃佛勒斯峰：勘测，1921年]，Longmans, Green and Co., →OCLC, →OL，頁 116:

Steck was in the area acclimatizing ahead of a bid to climb Everest through the less-climbed West Ridge route and traverse to Lhotse, the world's fourth highest peak - at 8,516 meters (27,940 feet) in May.

斯特克正在该地区进行海拔适应训练，准备于5月份通过人迹罕至的西岭路线攀登珠穆朗玛峰，并横跨洛子峰，洛子峰是世界第四高峰，海拔8,516米（27,940英尺）。

2017年April30日，Gopal Sharma，“Swiss climber falls to death, preparing for Mount Everest ascent [瑞士登山者在准备攀登珠穆朗玛峰时坠落身亡]”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2017-04-30, World News:

On the 8516-meter-high Lhotse, the fourth highest of all mountains, the two Americans skied down the so-called “Dream Line”: from the summit through the narrow, 45 to 50 degrees steep Lhotse Couloir down to Camp 2 in the Western Qwm at 6,400 meters. “We did it,” Jim writes about a photo of his ski tips that he posted on Instagram today: “Ski tips about to make the first turn ever off the summit of Lhotse. Almost 28,000’ the summit was sugar snow and extra steep. A few careful turns and a hop got me into the couloir to complete a dream I’ve been working towards for a lifetime.”

在海拔8516米的世界第四高峰——洛子峰上，这两位美国人沿着所谓的“梦想线”滑雪而下：从峰顶穿过狭窄而陡峭、坡度为45至50度的洛子峰山沟，下到海拔6400米的西冰斗2号营地。“我们做到了，”吉姆在Instagram上发布了一张他的滑雪板照片，并写道：“滑雪板即将从洛子峰顶首次转弯。峰顶几乎有28,000英尺高，积雪如糖，非常陡峭。经过几次小心翼翼的转弯和跳跃，我进入了山沟，实现了我一生都在为之奋斗的梦想。”

2018年October4日，Jim Morrison（被引）, “Nelson and Morrison succeed historic ski descent from Lhotse”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2020-12-02:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Lhotse。


call out

call-out (alternative)
calls out (third-person singular present)
calling out (present participle)
called out (past participle)

summon

召集，召喚，命令投入服務

He was very insulting. Finally Jack called him out and shut him up.

他非常侮辱人。最后杰克怼了他，让他闭嘴。

She called them out on their lies.

He added: "We've always had spin, especially from Government. But this is not spin. This is dishonesty and so it's our rail media's urgent responsibility to call it out because non-specialist journalists across the country will report this and gradually these untruths will be accepted.

2022年January26日，Paul Stephen，“Network News: Government's IRP claims condemned as "dishonest"”, in RAIL，期 949，頁 7:

I had to call out from work. […] I barely ate yesterday. The only thing that stayed in my stomach was soup and crackers.
我要請病假了。 […] 我昨天都沒怎麼吃，留在胃裡的只有湯和一點餅乾。

I had to call out from work a few Saturdays to Dj at kid's party because they would normally start somewhere around 4:00 p.m.

我要請幾個週六的假，因為我要去孩子的派對當 DJ，他們一般是下午4點就開始。

2015，Brasford Love，My Life: The Journey to Here:

On this particular day, I felt ill, mostly from exhaustion, and had to call out from work. This callout caused a stir and a display of animosity.
在这一天，我感到不适，主要是因为精疲力竭，不得不请病假。这个假引起了愤怒与不满。

2015, Pearley Rufus-Lusan, The Baby Boomer Nurse


deus ex machina

非同化借詞，源自拉丁語 deus ex māchinā (即设备，脚手架等机械，字面意思是“来自机械的神”)，源自古希臘語。

dei ex machina (plural)
dei ex machinis (plural)
deus ex machinas (plural)

罕见地，复数作dii ex machina, di ex machina, dii ex machinis及di ex machinis。

以ex machina结尾的复数形式直译为“从一台机械降临的神们”，而以ex machinis结尾的则意为“从几台机械降临的神们”，使用时，这些复数形式的词义通常保留这一语义上的差别，但是仅为比喻义。

强行生硬，不合逻辑的故事转折，故事结尾

The repeated tactic of deus ex machina (without a deus) has a deplorable effect on both the plot and the dialogue.

2007年August12日，Christopher Hitchens，“Harry Potter: The Boy Who Lived”, in New York Times:

Despite the government shutdown, at the end of the last season Knope is able to put on a children's concert in the abandoned lot she's been trying to turn into a park due to a quick deus ex machina.

2011年January20日，Dave Thier，“‘Parks and Recreation’: Comedy Imitates Life (Sort Of)”, in The Atlantic:

Compared to that, the season-four finale “Server Error” felt comparatively tame, focusing mostly on Richard’s maniacal efforts to create a new kind of internet, which were helped along by a confusing deus ex machina.

2017年June26日，David Sims，“How Will ‘Silicon Valley’ Work Without T.J. Miller?”, in The Atlantic:

意外且依靠外部力量的解决方案，鬼使神差

Handler’s bad advice for generals […] is mostly notable as the most extreme expression of peculiar pleas by Trump opponents who seek some deus ex machina that will stop the president: generals simply disobeying the president, other civil servants refusing to follow through on orders, or even the invocation of the 25th Amendment to remove him from office.

2017年August14日，David A. Graham，“The Search for a Magical Way to Stop Trump”, in The Atlantic:

机械降神 （在希腊或罗马戏剧中，依靠舞台器械登台救场的神祇）

I was going to wait for Monsieur Hyppolyte and, like a craven, hand the whole thing over to him. Let the deus ex machina fly in out of the clouds...

1959，Mary Stewart，章號 XVII, in Nine Coaches Waiting，M. S. Mill Company，頁 268:


memento mori

源自拉丁語 mementō morī (字面意思是“留心死亡”)。

memento moris (plural)
mementos mori (plural)

死亡的象征物 （提醒人自己终有一死的物品，比如骷髅等）

I have often heard you express your dislike of any impertinent memento moris—you have even thought it irreligious, and unthankful for present good; and tending to chill the life-blood, the little that is left in the old, and to throw a wet blanket over the cheerfulness of the young, out of which cheerfulness elastic manhood is to spring, and to take upon itself to do the manly responsible duties of life vigorously. I repeat that you have always maintained, that to thrust a memento mori in every man’s face, or to carve it upon his walking-stick, is irreligious, because it is essential unthankfulness.

1854 October，“Civilisation.—The Census.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine，卷 LXXVI, 期 CCCCLXVIII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […]，頁 447，列 2:

On All Saints’ day, Toussaint, the festival of the dead, the fête des morts, the whole town, and especially the cemetery of Rheims, was a scene of lively, and I may say cheerful, excitement. Along the street leading to the latter were arranged on both sides stalls and tables, gayly festooned with crowns, crosses, and memento moris, and attended by female hucksters.

1867，Robert Tomes，“A Cheerful Resort—Cemetery at Rheims—Death and Champagne— […]”, in The Champagne Country，New YorK, N.Y.: […] [Melancthon M.] Hurd and [Henry Oscar] Houghton, […]，頁s 193–194:

The series of moments [which] the clock records is not only a succession of “nows” but a memento mori diminishing the number of seconds that remain before death.

1995，Richard Klein，“Introduction”, in Cigarettes are sublime，第Paperback版, Durham: Duke University Press, 出版於 1993, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 8:

And there were even stranger sides to this kind of behaviour: when his mother died, Bruckner commissioned a photograph of her on her death bed and kept it in his teaching room. He had no image of his mother when she was alive, just this grotesque-seeming token of her death staring out at him as an unsettling memento mori.

2014年April1日，Tom Service，“Sex, death and dissonance: the strange, obsessive world of Anton Bruckner”, in The Guardian:

As a student of the fossil record, I can assure you that it’s not often that creatures are transformed, in flagrante delicto, into memento mori.

2018，Tim Flannery，Europe: A Natural History，頁 65:

Bright enamel is a feature of posies around the late sixteenth to mid-seventeenth century, with darker enamels continuing into the eighteenth century on memento moris like this example.

2021，Jo Ahmet，50 Finds 源自Kent: Objects from the Portable Antiquities Scheme，Amberley Publishing, →ISBN:


delay no more

與粵語 屌你老母 (diu2 nei5 lou5 mou5-2，“肏你媽”)音近，而被借用來表達相同意思。

Delay no more sea tiger! Sea tiger eat shit la!

屌你老母海虎！海虎吃屎啦！

Delay No More to All who Against the Korea Team!!

誰反對韓國隊，我就屌他老母！

how dare you thing yourself god? Yes, you are the god of your own world. Delay no more.

你還敢覺得自己是神？對對對，你是你自己世界裡的神。屌你老母。

The G.O.D. emporium on Hollywood Road joined in the local action by dressing its window mannequins in t-shirts that read, "Delay no more: Supporting local culture" and "Delay no more: Save local markets."

荷里活道上的 G.O.D. 商場也加入了當地的行動，店方給櫥窗模特穿上印有“Delay no more：支持本地文化”和“Delay no more：拯救本地市場”的T恤衫。

2012，Hybrid Hong Kong，Abingdon: Routledge, →ISBN:


emoji

借自日语 絵文字 (えもじ, emoji)，絵 (え, e，“图片”) + 文字 (もじ, moji)。虽然看起来与英语 emotion和emoticon有关联，实际上只是一个巧合。

同類詞：emoticon、kaomoji、sticker

In order to communicate quickly, many mobile phone users use emoji characters (similar to emoticons) while sending messages. Service providers have also created a set of emoji characters and have added support for it.

2002，Language International: The Business Resource for a Multilingual Age，卷 14, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 45:

One of the most exciting announcements at Twitter's Chirp conference this week was "Annotated Tweets". […] The data attached doesn't have to be simple text. Twitter suggests examples such as MIDI data (for music) or emoji (for fancy emoticons).

2010年April17日，Martin Bryant，“Twitter Reveals Details of New ‘Annotated Tweets’ Feature”, in The Next Web，存檔自the original on 2017-02-22:

So what do a bunch of dudes with iPhones do when they haven't eaten all day, are waiting at your restaurant table, starving, annoyed, and need to pass the time. They innovate. They bring emojis to life. In public. […] Give it a shot – it's probably the one semi-practical thing you can do with an emoji[…].

2011年April5日，Sam Biddle，“IRL Emojis: Our New Favourite Way to Waste Time on the Phone”, in Gizmodo，存檔自the original on 2013-03-20:

Like any natural language grammar, the distribution of emoji in texts, as well as the construction of phrases and sentences with emoji symbols in them, implies a systematic structure, otherwise it would be impossible to literally "read" the emoji texts.

2017，Marcel Danesi，“Emoji Grammar”, in The Semiotics of Emoji (Bloomsbury Advances in Semiotics)，London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，頁 77:

At present, Emoji functions not to replace the linguistic mode, but to complement it – the good old-fashioned English word is not going to be in danger any time soon. Emoji enables, arguably for the first time, a multimodal component to text-based digital communication, providing a code that fills out the communicative message in the linguistic mode, conveyed through text.

2017 August，Vyvyan Evans，“What’s in a Word?”, in The Emoji Code: The Linguistics behind Smiley Faces and Scaredy Cats，第1st US版, New York, N.Y.: Picador, →ISBN，頁 102:

Apple wants to introduce new emojis to better represent people with disabilities. A guide dog, a wheelchair user and prosthetic limbs are just some of the symbols it's suggested.

2018年March24日，“Apple Wants to Introduce New Emojis for Disabled People”, in BBC News，存檔自the original on 2018-07-09:


switchback

The Zig Zag Railway near Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia, c. 1900, now operated as a heritage railway. It was built as a switchback (noun sense 1.1) with three lines—called the Top Road, Middle Road, and Bottom Road—to climb the western flank of the Blue Mountains.
澳大利亚新南威尔士利斯戈附近的“之字形铁路”，约1900年建成，目前作为一条历史遗产铁路运营。它以之字形排列的轨道（名词义项 1.1）建造，有三条线路蓝山西侧行驶，分别称为顶路、中路和底路。
A switchback (noun sense 2.3) on the Terrace Trail, a forest trail in Newcastle, Washington, U.S.A.
美国华盛顿州纽卡斯尔的森林小道 Terrace Trail 上的发夹弯（名词义项 2.3）
Switchbacks (noun sense 2.3) on the Route du Col de Braus, a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Alpes-Maritimes, France.
法国滨海阿尔卑斯省阿尔卑斯山脉布劳斯山口上的发夹弯（名词义项 2.3）
該名詞由switch (“使用轉轍器將列車從一條鐵路轉到另一條鐵路”，動詞) + back (“逆轉方向返回”，副詞)衍生而來。
動詞源自於名詞。

在陡峭斜坡上呈之字形排列的鐵路軌道（自19世紀中後期）

Marriage was the switchback, the giant racer, the lobster teas, the guarantee that one would never be alone.

1934，Graham Greene，章號 4, in It’s a Battlefield，第library版, London: William Heinemann, 出版於 1959, →OCLC，頁 171:

鐵路軌道上有陡峭的上坡和下坡，列車部分或完全靠重力移動，利用下坡時產生的動量沿軌道的上坡部分上行；尤指 雲霄飛車，過山車

The WR faction claims that the Westbury route is better adapted to high speed, to which advocates of the SR route are apt to retort that the effect of modern diesel traction on schedules over the Salisbury–Exeter switchback has yet to be measured (the speed potential between Waterloo and Salisbury is scarcely disputable) […]

1964 March，“News and comment: Which way to the west?”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing，頁 147:

The switchback road to Diabaig - pronounced 'Jer-vague' - passes through some of the most exhilarating scenery in Scotland. […] With a final swoop, the road plummets down into Diabaig, where cottages are dotted across the slopes of a rocky semi-circle.

1980，AA Book of British Villages，Drive Publications Ltd，頁 151:

同類詞：horseshoe curve

Already, we enter some airport bathrooms through a brief switchback of walls, so that we don’t ever grasp a door handle.

2019年April25日，Samanth Subramanian，“Hand dryers v paper towels: the surprisingly dirty fight for the right to dry your hands”, in The Guardian，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-12-21:


switchback

switchbacks (third-person singular present)
switchbacking (present participle)
switchbacked (past participle)

I climbed 6,683-foot Velka Svistovka, not the highest mountain in the Tatras but arguably the one with the best view. I started from Zelene pleso chata (pleso means "lake" and chata means "hut" in Slovak), and right after turning the first corner I started switchbacking.

2015年June25日，John Henderson，“A secret range of stunning mountains? Hikers, meet Slovakia’s High Tatras”, in Los Angeles Times，Los Angeles, Calif.: Los Angeles Times Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2021-08-06:


wheels

Martin: Just for legs, Tom Platz in his heyday has never been approached.
OB205: I totally agree with this, even to this day no one can beat those WHEELS!

1999年March22日，“OB205”，“Re: Freakiest Bodybuilder?”, in misc.fitness.weights (Usenet):

But Mary J. goes all-out during big leg day, and look at her wheels—toned but very feminine.

2004年December28日，Mark Jenkins, Jeff O’Connell，The Jump Off: 60 Days to a Hip-Hop Hard Body，HarperCollins，頁 76:

...try this big wheels program to pack on muscle to your quads and hams.

2006年April30日，Jim Stoppani，Encyclopedia of Muscle & Strength，Human Kinetics Publishers，頁 131:


char siu

來自粵語 叉燒／叉烧 (caa¹ siu¹)。

char siew (alternative)
char xiu (alternative)
cha shao (alternative)
cha su (alternative)
chasu (alternative)

/ˌt͡ʃɑː ˈʃuː/

We settled on cumin-spiced lamb buns, Moreton Bay bug crystal dumplings and the char siu Ōra King salmon fillet.

2021年February18日，The Road Ahead，Brisbane，頁 37，列 1:


precrastination

: 把 procrastination (“拖延症”) 的前缀改成 pre- (“在……之前”)。

/pɹiːˌkɹæstɪˈneɪʃə̆n/

Lanyun Gong and Cory Potts, the two students with whom I did this work, and I conducted a number of experiments to check our precrastination interpretation.

2017，David A. Rosenbaum，Knowing Hands: The Cognitive Psychology of Manual Control，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，頁 234:

Erik WinkowskCredit (2019-03-25)， “Precrastination: When the Early Bird Gets the Shaft”，The New York Times，存档自原始网页于2019-07-04, 取回于2019-07-04

Oliver Burkeman (2014-06-05)， “This column will change your life: precrastination”，The Guardian，存档自原始网页于2019-07-04, 取回于2019-07-04


Toki Pona

借自道本語 toki pona (字面意思是“好的語言”)，由toki (“語言”) (來自托克皮辛語 tok，來自英語 talk) + pona (“好的”) (來自世界語 bona (“好的”)，源自拉丁語 bonus)構成。

/ˈtəʊki ˈpəʊnə/

In contrast to the hundreds or thousands of study hours required to attain fluency in other languages, a general consensus among Toki Pona speakers is that it takes about 30 hours to master.

与掌握其他语言所需的数百或数千小时的学习时间相比，道本语使用者的普遍共识是，掌握道本语只需大约30个小时。

2015年July15日，Roc Morin，“How to Say Everything in a Hundred-Word Language”, in The Atlantic:


Afar

[...] ethnic groups, the Afars. The majority of the Somali-speaking Issas, the other main group, do support President Hassan Gouled and his RPP, though the Prime Minister, Barkat Gourad is an Afar himself.

Shortly thereafter he broke with Aref and supported independence. Aref was an Afar, and Gouled came from the Issa ethnic group, which for years had been at odds with the Afars.

1995，Neil A. Hamilton，Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary:


Oreo

來源未知，於1912年註冊成商標。

（輕微:Template:貶） 認同白人社會文化價值觀的黑人

She's a pure Oreo. You know, like the cookie, black outside and white inside.

1971，Iceberg Slim，The Naked Soul of Iceberg Slim，Holloway House:


Pingtung

來自漢語 屏東 (Píngdōng)的威妥瑪拼音羅馬化：Pʻing²-tung¹。

P'ing-tung (alternative)
Ping Tung (alternative)
Pingdong (alternative)

Under Japanese colonial rule, Pingtung city and its environs had been famous for anti-Japanese activities. After retrocession, the KMT local cadres used local factions to establish their influence and control.

1998，Linda Chao, Ramon H. Myers，The First Chinese Democracy，Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 85:


per se

借自拉丁語 per sē (“本身”)，per (“通過”) + sē (“自身（他指）”)。

由於源自拉丁語，所以有時候會用斜體標識。

使法官無法根據其他因素來自行判斷，推翻判決。

Until recently Denmark hesitated to adopt a formal per se law, preferring to give more discretion to its judges, but the general practice was to take blood tests and to convict those accused under the classical law if the blood alcohol concentration was greater than 100 mg./100 ml.

1981，Hugh Laurence Ross，Deterrence of the Drinking Driver: An International Survey，Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation，頁 80:


Türkmenistan

By this time the Latin Alphabet had been adopted officially by four Turkish-speaking nations: the Azerbaijānīs, the Yakuts, and two small North-Caucasian communities called the Balqars and the Qarachays. Its official adoption in Türkmenistan followed as from February and March 1928.

1928，Survey of International Affairs，頁 226:

The Turkoman nomads of Central Asia, who today inhabit the Türkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Türkmenistan) and the northern parts of Iran and Afghanistan (map 5, see page 92), represent perhaps the archetypical weaving society.[…]There are virtually no rugs of significance produced today in Türkmenistan, and the Turkoman tribes who live in Iran and Afghanistan, while they still weave the red rugs, have like all nomadic peoples changed both their lifestyle and their weaving style under the pressures of modern society.

1979，Walter B. Denny，Oriental Rugs，頁s 91–92:

Since the earliest days of Türkmenistan’s independence, the Centre has offered English-language classes for a nominal fee.

2013，Victoria Clement，“Central Asia’s Hizmet Schools”, in The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement，Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN, part three (The Contexts of the Muslim World)，頁 162:


blue whale

But there are a rabble of uncertain, fugitive half-fabulous whales, which as an American whaleman, I know by reputation, but not personally....the Iceberg whale; the Quog Whale; the Blue Whale. But I omit them as altogether obsolete and can hardly help suspecting them for mere sounds full of leviathanism, but signifying nothing.


foot job

A long list of girls' names was followed by initials ranging from “D.H.T.I.C.” which stood for “Dry Humped Till I Came,” to “H.J.” — “Handjob,” “A.O.” — “Ate Out,” “B.J.” — “Blowjob,” and “F.J.” — “Foot Job.”

1999，Richard Price，The Wanderers，Houghton Mifflin Books, →ISBN，頁 101:

His bare foot grazed my crotch...he rocked his foot some more...a foot job.

2004，M. Christian，Greg Wharton，Love Under Foot: An Erotic Celebration of Feet，Haworth Press, →ISBN，頁 44:

The man moved in close to her and spoke directly into her ear, “I'll give you 50 for a foot job up in the bleachers.”

2004，Valerie F. de Daulles，Foot Art Is Good Art，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 24:

Rick continued small talk about motorcycles with Louise. Louise appeared thoroughly engrossed in Rick's discussion of the new Harley Davidson series, while Viv gave her husband a tender foot job under the table. Rick's lids dropped slowly once as he spoke, indicating his pleasure to Viv, but Louise either didn't notice or paid it no mind.

2005，S.F. Powell，Like Sweet Buttermilk，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 206:


medical student

If our criterion for extra remuneration is enduring greater personal sacrifice than others, then logic requires that we compare the medical student's discomfort to whatever levels of discomfort others are experiencing who work while the medical student is in school.

2003，Michael Albert，Parecon: Life After Capitalism，頁 32:


millionnaire

The large, smooth, florid millionnaire, dreaming only of senatorial honors, the shouts of the multitude, and the adoration of a party press, cowered like a dog under the lash of the "man of society."

1858，Various，The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 2, Number 9, July, 1858:

But the state of Dalibard, though prosperous, is not that of the heir to the dead millionnaire.

He swallowed it, of course, and for the next five minutes he went charging up and down that pond at a great rate, followed by a green glass monster with the name of a millionnaire brewer blown in its side.

1914，William Davenport Hulbert，Forest Neighbors:


theism

源自新拉丁語 thea (“茶”) + 英語 -ism。

"Theism" belongs to that genus of disease in which morphinism, caffeinism, and vanillaism belong.

1888，John C. Cutter，“Narcotics, stimulants, and depressants”, in Comprehensive anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : adapted for schools, academies, colleges, and families : with instruction on the effects of stimulants and narcotics, and brief directions for illustrative dissections of mammals, for elementary work with the microscope, for physiological demonstrations on the human body, and for the management of emergent cases，第3rd版, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, →OCLC，頁 350:


theist

源自古希臘語 θεός (theós，“神”) + -ist。

The term stands in contradistinction to theism which, in its widest sense, means belief in a personal god, goddess, gods and /or goddesses.

1999, Jeaneane D. Fowler, Humanism: Beliefs & Practices, page 66

The theist is a man firmly persuaded of the existence of a Supreme Being as good as He is powerful, who has formed all beings with extension, vegetating, sentient and reflecting; who perpetuates their species, who punishes crimes without cruelty, and rewards virtuous actions with kindness.

No one is to be called a Theist, who does not believe in a Personal God, whatever difficulty there may be in defining the word "Personal."

1870，John Henry Newman，An Essay in aid of a Grammar of Assent，頁 119:


aeroport

I couldn't have gotten within a hundred feet of your fighters, and I hold an aeroport security badge. There is no way the Saudi prince got to your aircraft ...


middle finger

Her whole way of being is a big middle finger to the other guy.

2007，Dominique Paul，The Possibility of Fireflies，頁 62:


miso

借自日語 味噌 (みそ, miso)。

Substances float around each other until you crush them all with a blender. Add a bit of white miso, lemon juice, truffle oil, chives: survey your wreckage, which will be the wrong colour (cream with a hint of grey) and the wrong consistency (gluey).

2018年July19日，Zoe Williams，“Can ditching meat and dairy open up new taste sensations? My week as a foodie vegan”, in 衛報:


transphobia

It is not really a debate about privacy and personal safety versus politics, so much as an impulse towards pride and a rejection of internalized transphobia.


heterosexism

One of the driving forces behind slash and femslash is the pervading heterosexism of commercial media – if television will not give us the due proportion of same-sex eroticism we are entitled to expect, then we will make it for ourselves.

2010，Stacey Abbott，The Cult TV Book，頁 245:


NEET

Not in Education, Employment, or Training (“不正受教育、僱傭、培訓中”)的縮寫。原為英國政府術語，最早見於20世紀90年代。後傳至日本及其他一些國家，意思也有發生改變。

Studies have shown that NEETs are usually between the ages of 18 to 40 years and may be the victims of family breakdown and mental illness, lack of discipline also contributes to the problem.

2006，Suvendrini Kakuchi，“Turning to 'NEETS' to Cover Labour Shortages”, in Inter Press Service:

The NEET population in 2003, according to a Ministry of Health and Labor estimate last September, was 520,000.


have to

has to (third-person singular present)
having to (present participle)
had to (past participle)

have to 後常跟動詞不定式。

I don't want to go to school, but I have to.

I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.

2013 July-August，Henry Petroski，“Geothermal Energy”, in 美國科學家，卷 101, 期 4:

I just have to have that shirt; you have to wear a seat belt


smithy

源自中古英語 smythy ← 古諾爾斯語 smiðja ← 原始日耳曼語 *smiþjǭ（參見古英語 smiþþe → 英語 smithe）。

smithies (third-person singular present)
smithying (present participle)
smithied (past participle)

(不常用) （手工）打造，鍛造

So the old smith went out to his smithy and weighed out iron enough to make a stout staff a stone weight, and he smithied it well while his son looked on. […] So they weighed six stone of iron and smithied a great bent club like a shinny, and when that was made and cooled the smith's son said, "that will do."

1995，John Francis Campbell，The Celtic Dragon Myth，頁 59:


Tbilisi

借自俄語 Тбили́си (Tbilísi)，源自格魯吉亞語 თბილისი (tbilisi)。

T'bilisi said guerillas it did not control were involved in fighting on the Georgian side.

2002，Gregory Copley，Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook，頁 632:

In addition, Moscow argued that Georgia had violated international law by introducing its forces into South Ossetia, a move Moscow said Tbilisi had committed itself not to do under the earlier CIS-sponsored peacekeeping arrangements.

2009，Svante E. Cornell, S. Frederick Star，The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia, →ISBN，頁 184:

The international observers demanded that Tbilisi make the original of the order available to them so that this aspect could be investigated. But Tbilisi said it was an official military secret and refused to hand over the document...

2011，Alexander Sosnowski，The Georgia Syndrome，頁 25:


Azeri Turkic

Generally he is accounted an Azeri Turkic rather than an Ottoman poet though frequently, like Kadi Biirhaneddin and Fuzuli, he is included in lists of Ottoman Turkish poets.

1973，Kathleen R. F. Burrill，The Quatrains of Nesimî, Fourteenth-century Turkic Hurufi，頁 46:


Borg

源自《星際迷航》中的博格人；可能是cyborg的縮略，源自cybernetic + organism。

Borgs (third-person singular present)
Borging (present participle)
Borged (past participle)

除用不定式外，其他用法罕見。也有首字母小寫形，較少見。

The Christians could afford to spend generations converting northern Europe and that's exactly what they did. We have that example from history. We know there are other faiths out there that want to wipe us out, and there are other faiths out there that want to Borg us. The fact that some are still here after decades means we aren't giving in this time, and you're one of the ones here over a decade."

They are trying to turn you into them. They are trying to borg us.


messenger RNA

同類詞：transfer RNA

In the past, RNA did not get this kind of respect. The central dogma of biology has been that DNA makes messenger RNA, messenger RNA makes proteins, and proteins do everything else that needs to be done in a living cell.

2006年June20日，Nicholas Wade，“DNA or RNA? Versatile Player Takes a Leading Role in Molecular Research”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


aby

源自中古英語 abyen, abien, abiggen ← 古英語 ābyċġan (“購買，支付；收買；回報；賠償；救贖”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *uzbugjaną，等同於a- + buy。與哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)同源。

abys (third-person singular present)
abying (present participle)
abought (past participle)

aby及abide曾互相有混淆。

贖罪，賠罪 （自12世紀）

Ȝe shul abiggen it bothe · bi god þat me made.

c. 1385，William Langland，章號 2, in Piers Plowman:

Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.

Who dyes, the utmost dolor doth abye; / But who that lives is lefte to waile his losse […].

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，仙后, III.4:

Thou wouldst abye a heavy fate.

Nought that wanteth rest can long aby.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，仙后，卷 III:

:Template:舊(現僅限於蘇格蘭) 忍受，忍耐 （自16世紀）

I never could abye the reek of them.


acerb

拉丁語 acerbus ← 拉丁語 ācer (“尖的”)；對比法語 acerbe。參見acrid。

acerber (comparative)
more acerb (comparative)
acerbest (superlative)
most acerb (superlative)

If you put Spirit of Sulphur to the Peruvian Bark, it then becomes very acerb. If you mix Mercury with Spirit of Nitre or Oil of Vitriol whilst it boils, it then is very acerb.

1732，Edward Strother，Prælectiones Pharmaco-mathicæ & medico-practicæ:


administer

源自中古英語 admynistren ← 古法語 aminister ← 拉丁語 administrare (“管理，實行”) ← ad (“朝，向”) + ministrare (“照料，侍候”) ← minister (“侍從，侍者”)；參見minister。

administers (third-person singular present)
administering (present participle)
administered (past participle)

Swear […] to keep the oath that we administer.

1595 December 9 (first known performance)，William Shakespeare，“The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:


bellowing

The cries of applause and derision from the spectators, and the formidable bellowings of the exasperated monks who surrounded Pachymius, did not tend to steady his nerves, or render the task of critical discrimination the easier.

1890，Richard Garnett，The Twilight of the Gods, and Other Tales:

Incessant bellowings fill all the earth, Mingled with inextinguishable mirth.

1892，Ambrose Bierce，Black Beetles in Amber:

With great heavings and throes, with snortings and bellowings, with scratchings and tearings of its great claws and lashings of its terrible tail, it writhed and fought to be free, and the light of thousands of fireworks illuminated the gigantic struggle.


fæder

faeder的另一種拼寫法

Linear dimensions (mm) of female, intermediate (fæder) and male Ruffs, respectively, all measured by Joop Jukema. The material on females and males was all collected during the spring migrations of 2002 and 2003. All birds, except one fæder of 1 year old, were adult.

2004，Joop Jukema，Theunis Piersma，“Kleine mannelijke Kemphanen met vrouwelijk broedkleed: bestaat er een derde voortplantingsstrategie, de faar?”, in Limosa，卷 77, Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology，頁 3:

The fraction of fæders was estimated in five morphometric data sets that were collected over four decades in four different countries in three different seasons (comprising 9133 Ruffs). The regression of fæder–female fractions was tested against the null model assuming that the number of fæders is 1.0% of females.

2008，Yvonne I[ngje] Verkuil，Joop Jukema，Jennifer A. Gill，Natalia Karlionova，Johannes Melter, Jos C[orstiaan] E[lbert] W[outer] Hooijmeijer, Theunis Piersma，“Non-breeding fæder Ruffs Philomachus pugnax associate according to sex, not morphology”, in Bird Study，卷 55, 期 3, British Trust for Ornithology, →DOI，頁 421:

The survival costs to fæders linked to the use of sub-optimal habitats as a result of competition from their larger counterparts may be compensated by higher breeding success.

2010 June，Neil Calbrade，Chas Holt，Graham Austin，Heidi Mellan，Richard Hearn, David Stroud, Simon Wotton, Andy Musgrove，“Waders”, in Waterbirds in the UK 2008/09: The Wetland Bird Survey，Thetford, Norfolk: British Trust for Ornithology、Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and Joint Nature Conservation Committee in association with Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, →ISBN, →ISSN, section “Ruff: Philomachus pugnax”，頁 128:

As females are a third smaller than males, most birds could easily be assigned a sex, while the fæders, female-mimicking males, were discriminated using wing length (Jukema and Piersma 2006).

2014年October21日，Lucie Emilie Schmaltz，Cédric Juillet，Joost Marius Tinbergen，Yvonne Ingje Verkuil，Joslyn Corstiaan Elbert Wouter Hooijmeijer, Theunis Piersma，“Apparent annual survival of staging ruffs during a period of population decline: insights from sex and site-use related differences”, in Population Ecology，卷 57, Springer, 出版於 2015, →DOI, section “Field methods and data collection”，頁 615，列 1:

Fæder males travel with females and, like Satellites, they are nonterritorial and nonagonistic.

2016，Clemens Küpper，“Ruff Shorebird, The”, in Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science，Springer, →DOI, →ISBN:


allay

源自中古英語 alayen, aleyen, aleggen ← 古英語 āleċġan ← 原始日耳曼語 *uzlagjaną (“躺下”)，等同於a- + lay。與德語 erlegen, 哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslagjan，“躺下”)同源。中古英語中形似allege、alloy，因而出現了意思的交叉。

allays (third-person singular present)
allaying (present participle)
allayed (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-allay.wav

to allay popular excitement

to allay the tumult of the passions

He had to pretend to be drunk in order to allay the suspicions which might have been aroused by his appearance at the gate.

1887，柯南·道爾，《血字的研究》:

The trade show’s organisers had attempted to allay concerns by announcing more stringent health and safety measures including a ban on handshakes, and taking attendees’ temperatures.

2020年February12日，Mark Sweney，“Mobile World Congress axed after firms quit over coronavirus fears”, in The Guardian:

Yet far be it from us to condemn all their works to be dross, because debased and allayed with superstitious intents […]

1639，托馬斯·富勒，The Historie of the Holy Warr:


alder

Almost immediately, city alders contacted the campaign to negotiate an ordinance.

2004，Stephanie Luce -，Fighting for a Living Wage，頁 121:

Chicago's mayor Edward Kennelly, the city alders, and many white Chicagoans opposed this siting plan.

2013，Dawn Day Biehler，Pests in the City: Flies, Bedbugs, Cockroaches, and Rats，頁 180:

After three years as Ward 1 alder, Sarah Eidelson ’12 will leave city government at the end of the year.

2017年September28日，Isabel Bysiewicz，“Eidelson reflects on time as alder”, in Yale Daily News:


caw

caws (third-person singular present)
cawing (present participle)
cawed (past participle)

Rising and cawing at the gun's report.

c. 1595–1596，William Shakespeare，“A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:


horses

I got four hundred horses tucked under the hood.

1979，Al Greenwood, Lou Gramm，“Rev on the Red Line”, in Head Games:

This is a diagnostic test of your engine. You're supposed to have an output of a hundred and 六十eight horses at 六十two hundred R.P.M.s. You're nowhere near that.


haole

借自夏威夷語 haole。

(夏威夷) 非夏威夷人，多指白人

I had never known any haoles except Elmer and Marks and they were ice cold affairs. Everyone was always glad when their twice-a-month visit was pau. The very island seemed to sigh with relief […]

1946, Armine Von Tempski, Bright Spurs (page 122)

And the white guy who ate Rice-A-Roni with butter was the haole who didn’t speak pidgin or eat real rice.

2009年January18日，Lois-ann Yamanaka，“This Man Is an Island”, in New York Times:

Commerce was flourishing in the kingdom and the rising merchant class was made up largely of haole rather than Hawaiians.

2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, p. 27:


lowing

(我們能否確認John Milton引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

[…] the herd of four or five hundred cattle trotting homewards with loud lowings and bellowings […]

撒母耳說：「我耳中聽見有羊叫、牛鳴，是從哪裡來的呢？」

And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear?


quartino

可以容納四分之一升葡萄酒的飲料瓶

We settled for quartinos of serviceable Chianti ($8.75) and pinot grigio ($8).

2009年August2日，Alice Gabriel，“Keeping It Simple, With an Eye on Tradition”, in New York Times:


satiated

more satiated (comparative)
most satiated (superlative)

But Sophia's mother was not the woman to brook defiance. After a few moments' vain remonstrance her husband complied. His manner and appearance were suggestive of a satiated sea-lion.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 6, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


sempstress

This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything.

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

They were composed of a heterogeneous collection of men and women of the lower layers of society, workmen, sempstresses, night watchmen, farm-hands, mechanics and railway-workers – a laic image in sharp contrast to the bourgeois image produced in the cathedral.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p. 950:


slandering

Here are the slanderings, too, going on at home; for, while the husbands are assembled, it would be hard if the wives were not to do the same; and the very least that is to be expected is, that the tea-pot should keep pace with the porter-pot […]

1862，William Cobbett，Advice to Young Men, and (incidentally) to Young Women:


Middle East

middle + east，基於Far East, Near East。最早見於19世紀後期。

中東
:Template:舊 近東與遠東之間的地區

Well, what may happen in the Middle East? I agree there are uncertainties, but when he was condemning the policy of the Government with regard to the Turkish peace, had he thought for a moment of the financial effect of the policy which he advocated?

1920 April 21，House of Commons，引 Austen Chamberlain, “Budget proposals, Committee of Ways and Means”, in The Parliamentary Debates，卷 128，頁 455:


private parts

And what was it only one of the smutty yankee pictures Terry borrows off of Corny Kelleher. Secrets for enlarging your private parts.

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 12: The Cyclops]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:


swoon

源自中古英語 swounen, swonen (“昏厥”), aswoune (“處於昏厥狀態”)，源自古英語 ġeswōgen (“沒有知覺的，死的”)，swōgan (“發出聲音，肆虐，把……悶死”)的過去分詞（對比古英語 āswōgan (“覆蓋”)），源自原始日耳曼語 *swōganą (“發出響聲”) ← 原始印歐語 *(s)weh₂gʰ-。與低地德語 swogen (“歎息，呻吟”), 荷蘭語 zwoegen (“呻吟，大口呼吸”)，方言挪威語 søgja (“吹哨，大聲談話”)同源。參見sough。

swoons (third-person singular present)
swooning (present participle)
swooned (past participle)

I threw myself down on the island ground, like a dead man, and drowned in desolation swooned away, nor did I return to my senses till next morning, when the sun rose and revived me.

1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 539:

I dropped the vessel quickly to a lower level. Nor was I a moment too soon. The girl had swooned.

1918，Edgar Rice Burroughs，The Gods of Mars，第HTML版, The Gutenberg Project, 出版於 2008:

He's got more than just mad skill / He's got a beaver tail and a bill. / And the women swoon whenever they hear him say…

2011年August2日，“Perry the Platypus”, in Phineas and Ferb: Across the 1st and 2nd Dimensions，演出者 Randy Crenshaw, Walt Disney Records:


thee

源自中古英語 thee, the ← 中古英語 þē (“汝，你”，原是與格，後來也作賓格) ← 原始日耳曼語 *þiz (“汝，你”) ← 原始印歐語 *te (“第二人稱單數代詞”)。與德國低地德語 di (“汝，你”), 德語 dir (“汝，你”，與格代詞), 冰島語 þér (“汝，你”)同源。參見thou。

代替主格thou時， thee 接動詞的第三人稱單數形。

thou的第二人稱的賓格/反身形：汝，你。

Prince Henry: Did I ever call for thee to pay thy part?

1598, Shakespeare, Henry IV part 1, 1.2.49-50:

Michael, this my behest have thou in charge,
Take to thee from among the Cherubim
Thy choice of flaming Warriours, least the Fiend

Come, O thou Traveller unknown, / Whom still I hold, but cannot see! / My company before is gone, / And I am left alone with Thee; / With Thee all night I mean to stay, / And wrestle till the break of day.

1742，“Come, O Thou Traveler Unknown”, Charles Wesley 作曲:


thee

thees (third-person singular present)
theeing (present participle)
theed (past participle)

thou

對人使用 thee一詞。

對人使用 thee一詞。

What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]

1677，William Gibson，“An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […]，[London: s.n.], →OCLC，頁 134:

The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.

2006，Julian Dibbell，章號 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot，New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:

You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and "theeing" and "thouing" all over the place.

2009，David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins]，“Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel，[Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 39:


addle

源自中古英語 addlen, adlen ← 古英語 edlēan (“回報，報酬”), edlēanian (“回報，報酬”)；或源自古諾爾斯語 ǫðlask (“得到，擁有”) ← ōðal (“財產”)。

addles (third-person singular present)
addling (present participle)
addled (past participle)

To ADDLE† v. n. Dr. Johnson calls this word obsolete. Mr. Boucher defines it "to earn by working," and considers it as a Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Cumberland, and Cheshire word; derived from the Sax. æðlean, or eðlean, merces, retributio, renumeratio, whence also addlings, wages received for work. A gentleman has informed me, that in Nottinghamshire, and throughout the north, with some variation of sound, addle and addlings are now in use. He has also obligingly explained the use of the word by [Thomas] Tusser, whom Dr. Johnson cites. "Ivy will so embrace a tree as not only to prevent its encrease, but to kill it. Tusser therefore advises to kill the ivy, or the tree will not addle, that is, will not earn or produce any other profit to its owner."

1818，Samuel Johnson with H[enry] J[ohn] Todd, A Dictionary of the English Language; in which the Words are Deduced from their Originals; and Illustrated in their Different Significations, by Examples from the Best Writers: Together with a History of the Language, and an English Grammar. By Samuel Johnson LL D. With Numerous Corrections, and with the Addition of Several Thousand Words, and also with Additions to the History of the Language, and to the Grammar, by the Rev. H. J. Todd … In Four Volumes，卷 IV, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

ADDLINGS, wages. "Poor addlings," small pay for work. "Hard addlings," money laboriously acquired. "Saving's good addling," as the well known saying, "a penny saved is a penny gained."

1855，"An inhabitant" [pseudonym; Francis Kildale Robinson]，A Glossary of Yorkshire Words and Phrases, Collected in Whitby and the Neighbourhood. With Examples of their Colloquial Use, and Allusions to Local Customs and Traditions，London: John Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square, →OCLC，頁 2:

ADDLE. To earn. "It's weel-addled" – well-earned. "Addle nowt an' ware at t' end on 't, an' tha'll soin ha' to leuk rarnd t' corners." – Earn nothing and spend hard, and you'll soon come to poverty.

1862，anonymous [C. Clough Robinson]，The Dialect of Leeds and Its Neighbourhood，London: John Russell Smith，頁 233:


addle

源自中古英語 adel (“腐爛的”) ← 古英語 adel, adela (“泥潭，水池，液肥”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *adalaz, *adalô (“牛糞，液肥”)。類似低地蘇格蘭語 adill, 北弗里斯蘭語 ethel (“尿”), 薩特弗里斯蘭語 adel (“糞便”), 中古低地德語 adele (“泥，液肥”) (荷蘭語 aal (“水窪”)), 古瑞典語 adel (“尿”)，巴伐利亞語 Adel (“液肥”)。

不破壞殼而使受精的卵失活

The term shocking or addling trout and salmon eggs is applied to the process of turning the infertile eggs white so they can be separated from the fertile ones. Actually, this amounts to nothing more than agitating the eggs enough to rupture the yolk membrane in the infertile eggs, which causes them to turn white.

1980，Earl Leitritz with Robert C[onklin] Lewis, Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods) [California Fish Bulletin; 164]，Oakland, Calif.: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, →ISBN，頁 61:


n'est-ce pas

I know him well, we artists have the common touch, n'est-ce pas?

1935，Thomas Wolfe，Of Time and the River，頁 763:

It is just a little quarrel of two most worthy women, n'est-ce pas

2003，Richard Pevear, Larissa Volokhonsky，The Adolescent，根據Fyodor Dostoyevsky原著改編的翻譯作品, 出版於 1875，頁 527:


ammo

ammos (third-person singular present)
ammoing (present participle)
ammoed (past participle)

"Harry and Hassan are getting the car re-ammoed; they dropped me off here.


andro

Even more tardy, baseball ultimately banned andro.

2009年January13日，George Vecsey，“Voters Cannot Forgive or Forget Suspicions of McGwire’s Drug Use”, in New York Times:


angst

借自德語 Angst或丹麥語 angst；最早見於19世紀Siegmund Freud、Søren Kierkegaard著作的翻譯。最開始首字母大寫（同德語、同期的丹麥語），1940-1944年開始首字母小寫。源自中古高地德語 angest ← 古高地德語 angust ← 原始日耳曼語 *angustiz；與荷蘭語 angst同源。對比瑞典語 ångest。

I've begun to regret that we'd ever met / Between the dimensions. / It gets such a strain to pretend that the change / Is anything but cheap. / With your infant pique and your angst pretensions / Sometimes you act like such a creep.

Harry's adolescence is theatrical and gaudy, and many of its key scenes have a lurid and camp quality that is appropriate to the exaggerated mood-shifting and self-dramatizing of teen angst.

2007, Martyn Bone, Perspectives on Barry Hannah (page 3)


angst

angsts (third-person singular present)
angsting (present participle)
angsted (past participle)

In the second scene, the camera switches to the father listening, angsting, dying inside, but saying nothing.

2001，Joseph P Natoli，Postmodern Journeys: Film and Culture, 1996-1998:

She'd never angsted so much about her head as she had in the past twenty-four hours. Why the hell hadn't she just left it alone?

2006，Liz Ireland，Three Bedrooms in Chelsea:


antic

可能源自意大利語 antico (“古代的；奇異的”)，指古代的壁畫，源自拉丁語 antiquus。參見grottesco (“怪誕的”)。antique的雙詞。

more antic (comparative)
most antic (superlative)

:Template:藝 奇形怪狀的，怪異的

The amusement park environment of seaside resorts such as Venice and the antic eclecticism of Greene & Greene's pre-Craftsman work all preceded the establishment of the movie colony in Hollywood.

2004，John Chase，Glitter Stucco and Dumpster Diving: Reflections on Building Production in the Vernacular city，頁 58:

a fourth would fondly kiss and paw his companions, and sneer in their faces, with a countenance more antic than any in a Dutch droll.

As I perchance hereafter shall think meet / To put an antic disposition on.

Fetch me my rapier, boy. What dares the slave / Come hither, cover'd with an antic face, To fleer and scorn at our solemnity?

1591-1595，William Shakespeare，Romeo and Juliet:


antic

And fraught with antics as the Indian bird / That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.

1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion, Book the sixth

I've 'ad about enough of you and your antics. I been thinking you over, you and your war and your Empire and all the rot of it. Rot it is! […] And all for nothin'. Jest silly prancing! Jest because you've got the uniforms and flags! Then you get […] all your silly fleet smashed up to rags. And you want to go on prancin' now! Look at the mischief you done! Look at the way you smashed up New York — the people you killed, the stuff you wasted. Can't you learn?

1908, H. G. Wells, The War in the Air, chapter IX, section 7

I saw the barren horror of your people's leisure with the million entertained by the antics of a tiny few[…]

Pintsize: Wait, don’t you want to know why I’m tied up and hanging from the ceiling? / Faye: Not really. Nighty night! / Pintsize: Shit! My wacky antics have jumped the shark!

2007, Jeph Jacques, Time To Add A Cute Kid To The Cast Questionable Content Number 951

The Grave-maker, like the professional fools and Falstaff, and like Hamlet himself, is an antic, a grotesque, one who demonstrates to men how foolish and

1978，Walter C. Foreman，The Music of the Close: The Final Scenes of Shakespeare's Tragedies，頁 90:


antic

antics (third-person singular present)
anticking (present participle)
anticked (past participle)

Jerry no more than cocked a contemptuous quizzical eye at the mainsail anticking above him. He knew already the empty windiness of its threats,

1917，Jack London，Jerry of the Islands，頁 54:

Gentle lords, let's part; / You see we have burnt our cheeks: strong Enobarb / Is weaker than the wine; and mine own tongue / Splits what it speaks: the wild disguise hath almost / Antick'd us all.

大約1603–1607 William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, Act II, Scene VII:

Whether one's surroundings were anticked up or not, one often felt one was living in another century at Roque.

1964，Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts:

Surtees became a friend of Walter Scott and played a very "anticking" joke upon the author.


parle

源自古法語 parler (“說”)，源自晚期拉丁語 *parabolō。

[Julia:] Of all the fair resort of gentlemen that every day with parle encounter me, in thy opinion which is worthiest love?

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act I, scene ii:

[Horatio:] So frowned he once, when in an angry parle / He smote the angry Polacks on the ice

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，Hamlet, Act I, scene i:


asker

源自ask (“蠑螈”)加一後綴。

(英格蘭、威爾士方言) 蠑螈 （自14世紀）

Great crested newts, “askers”, used to be common in the Marshwood Vale.


aul

借自俄語 ау́л (aúl)，源自西（克普恰克）突厥語族 awul, awïl；對比卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語 ауул (awul), 巴什基爾語 ауыл (awïl), 哈薩克語 ауыл (auyl), 土耳其語 ağıl。

高加索、中亞、南烏拉爾等地的一種村莊營地

His sorrel face, his long narrow eyes and dusty boots, where he goes on his travels and what really transpires inside the lonely hide tents Out There, among the auls, out in that wind, these are mysteries they don’t care to enter or touch.

1973，Thomas Pynchon，Gravity's Rainbow，New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN:

Bitter fighting took place for Gimry, the home both of Khadzhi-Murat and Shamil. A highway ran along here, which permitted us to bring up artillery and to subject the aul to preliminary bombardment. We did not fire at any specific target, but if even half of our thirteen hundred shells had landed there, there would have been only a heap of ruins in place of the aul.

1993，Eduard M[artynovich] Dune，Diane P. Koenker and S[tephen] A[nthony] Smith, translators and editors，Notes of a Red Guard，Urbana, Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN，頁 221:

Crossing the large plateau, they passed the auls of Megeb and Chokh before reaching Gunib, a significant Avar settlement. […] The Avar auls were surrounded by a virtually uninterrupted circle of mountain ranges and occupied most of the plateaus between the tributaries of the Sulak River: Andi Koysu, Avar Koysu and Kara Koysu.

2011，Michael Khodarkovsky，“Journey through the Northeast Caucasus”, in Bitter Choices: Loyalty and Betrayal in the Russian Conquest of the North Caucasus，Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, →ISBN，頁 55:


koumiss

通過法語 koumis, 德語 Kumiss，源自俄語 кумы́с (kumýs)，借自突厥語族語言。對比韃靼語 кымыз (qımız), 哈薩克語 қымыз (qymyz), 吉爾吉斯語 кымыз (kımız), 北阿爾泰語 кымыс (kïmïs), 土耳其語 kımız, 阿塞拜疆語 qımız。

Here, for example—a Scythian koumiss vessel, third century B.C. You can clearly see the Greek influence, especially in the friezework.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage 2007，頁 688:

[Of a Persian wine] One name for this wine was 黑水晶 "black crystal"; it has also been confused with koumiss.

1898，Herbert Allen Giles，A Chinese Biographical Dictionary，頁 12:


imaginer

Although Simmons, as a professional purveyor of horror and fantasy, is no dim imaginer, he has his work cut out for him.

2007年March18日，Terrence Rafferty，“Ice Men”, in New York Times:


banya

源自俄語 ба́ня f (bánja)。

The Russian public steam bath (banya) is a cultural hybrid which borrows freely from the Finnish sauna and the Turkish political detention centre.

1986，Marc Polonsky，Russell Taylor，USSR, From an Original Idea by Karl Marx，Faber and Faber, →ISBN:


bes

早期現代英語中 be 和其他動詞一樣，是可以規則變形的 ( "they be" 或 "they are")，但 "he bes" 不常見 ("he beeth")。

She bes there these five yare, an' has sint hoome foor her broother an' sister, the mooney for their passage, an' they bes goone these thra yares.

1850，William Stevens Balch，Ireland, as I Saw it:

And she bes white. Now, I bes what they use to call a house nigra. I don't work in no fields. And you know, I likes my color. Sho' not real fair, and not real dark either. I bes just who I be.

2005，Brenda Dooling，The Diamond Cage, →ISBN，頁 236:


bestie

You're supposed to be my bestie, Mel. We used to tell each other everything. So what's this Toby secret you can't tell me?

2007，Brigid Lowry，Things You Either Hate Or Love:

Even back then, a party just wasn't a party without my bestie, and I was miserable for the last eight frames.

2008, Julie Kraut, Shallon Lester, Hot Mess: Summer in the City

On the way home, I got a joke text from my bestie.


binom

一般用於亞洲語言的研究者，多見於指漢語、日語。

The latter, somewhat stiffer, version appears to enjoy particular favor when the AN is a binom of Chinese origin modifying another Chinese binom and the two words are either optionally combinable into a compound noun (by dropping the copula nó/ná together with its juncture and applying the proper examples where ná is replaced by nó under other circumstances, such as those given earlier for -teki and the following examples:

2004，Samuel Elmo Martin，A Reference Grammar of Japanese, →ISBN，頁 766:

It a meaning is expressed in a particular language like English with the help of a binom, newspaper, and in another particular language like German by a mononom Zeitung, the heteronomic morphology is usually more voluminous (9 phongrams against 7).

2013，P. Kümmel，Formalization of Natural Languages, →ISBN:

The prototypical Sino-Japanese word is a binom, that is, a word written with two kanji, each kanji representing a Sino-Japanese morph. It is not difficult to find examples of rendaku affecting Singo-Japanese binoms, and a few are listed in (23).

2015，Haruo Kubozono，Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology, →ISBN，頁 419:


biscotti

意式脆餅，源自托斯卡納的cantuccio。

If you like your biscottis to be softer, keep them refrigerated.

2000，Nick Ligidakis，My Private Collection, →ISBN，頁 77:


buz

buzzes (third-person singular present)
buzzing (present participle)
buzzed (past participle)

Buz the bottle.


buro

借自法語 bureau (“桌 ←桌布”)，源自古法語 burel (“羊毛布”)，*bure的指小詞（對比中古法語 bure (“羊毛粗布”), 法語 bourre (“毛髮，絨毛”))，源自晚期拉丁語 burra (“羊毛，絨毛，破爛的衣服，粗纖維”)；對比古希臘語βερβέριον (berbérion，“破爛的衣服”)。

… an employment buro said on Tuesday. The retrenchments took place between November last year and March 1998, the Employment Buro of Africa's regional manager, Chris Hechter said.

1998年May13日，“More than 9000 Basotho Gold Miners Retrenched”, in ANC Dailey News Briefing, retrieved 2012-09-14:

… a member of both the council of ministers and the Cuban Communist Party's political buro.

2008年February19日，Alejandro López de Haro, Jr.，“Fidel Castro Steps Down”, in Ground Report, retrieved 2012-09-14:

桌（一般有桌布和用來放紙的抽屜）

Mrs. Arp opens her school and stands 'em up by the buro to say their lessons.

1902，Bill Arp，From the Uncivil War to Date，第HTML版, Univ. of North Carolina, 出版於 1998:

And I went up into the spare chamber, and sort o' fixed Philury's things to the best advantage; for I knew the neighbors would be in to look at 'em. And I was a standin' there as calm and happy as the buro or table, ...

1885，Marietta Holley，Sweet Cicely，第Online版, The Gutenberg Project, 出版於 2005:

One can only speculate about the appearance of the "New-fashion buro" advertised for sale in the Boaton Gazette of May 1, 1750.

1998 May，Phil D. Zimmerman，“The Stratford, Connecticut, bureau table: A re-examination”, in Antiques，卷 153, 期 5，頁 740:


nina

源自人名Nina，指卡通畫家Al Hirschfield常在畫中隱藏他女兒 Nina的名字。

The puzzle itself was fairly easy however there was an elegant nina based on the middle entry (INSIDE STORY) in which each of the across answers hid a synonym of "story", e.g. 5A and 6A were: STABle gendER.

2008年April1日，Ilan Caron，“Guardian Cryptic Crossword No. 24350 set by Brendan”, in rec.puzzles.crosswords (Usenet):

Ninas may or may not be present and, even if one is there, it can go unnoticed because, not being intrinsic to the solution, its presence is not advertised—or because it is so well hidden.

2014年August10日，Brian Bethune，“The crossword’s meandering 100-year journey”, in Maclean's:

Other “personal” ninas are happier and subtler: birthday wishes to loved ones, which, ultimately, have only one intended reader

2014, Alan Connor, The Crossword Century: 100 Years of Witty Wordplay, Ingenious Puzzles, and Linguistic Mischief, Penguin ISBN 9780698157019


savour

借自古法語 savourer，源自savour，或可能源自晚期拉丁語 sapōrāre，sapōrō的現在主動不定式，源自sapor (“味道”) ← sapiō (“有……的味道”)。

savours (third-person singular present)
savouring (present participle)
savoured (past participle)

This savours not much of distraction.

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期），威廉·莎士比亚，“Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

(我們能否確認Addison引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Rev. Joseph Bellamy引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)


tarantula

:Template:多個圖像
源自中世紀拉丁語 tarantula ← 古意大利語 tarantola ← 古意大利語 Taranto (“塔蘭托”) ← 拉丁語 Tarentum ← 古希臘語 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) (對比現代希臘語 Τάραντας (Tárantas)，意大利語 Tarde (塔蘭泰諾方言)), 可能源自伊利里亞語 *darandos (“櫟樹”)。
義3 (“歐狼蛛，Lycosa tarantula”) 是本詞的本義。義1 (“捕鳥蛛”)是現在的主要用法，可能源自西班牙語 tarántula (“歐狼蛛”)。

/təˈɹænt͡ʃʊlə/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tarantula.wav

/təˈɹænt͡ʃələ/

Cockroaches, centipedes, tarantulas, scorpions, and mosquitoes are abundant in summer. [...] Tarantulas and scorpions are little noticed by those who have been there any length of time.

1857，John Askew，章號 II, in A Voyage to Australia & New Zealand, including a Visit to Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Hunter’s River, Newcastle, Maitland, and Auckland; […]，London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Cockermouth, Cumbria: D. Fidler, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

In the southern portions of the State we have met with specimens of brown tarantula weighing a full Troy ounce, but these were of unusual size. The wood tarantula is the largest of all, occasional specimens weighing an ounce and a half, inhabits dead wood, is very active on a warm day, is found of sunning himself, and is quite courageous, leaping on a large lizard, with a perfect recklessness of consequences. [From the Alta California.]

1873年May3日，“The Tarantula—an Interesting Native of California”, in Friends' Intelligencer，卷 XXX, 期 10, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Comly, publishing agent, […]; Merrihew & Son, printers, […], 出版於 1873–1874, →OCLC，頁 156，列 2:

Visitors to Southern Arizona find the privacy of their homes invaded in a delightfully free and easy way by the original settlers of that region, namely the scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas, etc. [...]

1910 November，C. L. Edholm，“A Queer Pet”, in Popular Mechanics Magazine，卷 14, 期 5, Chicago, Ill.: Popular Mechanics Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 616，列 2:

The best tarantulas for cooking are the Thai Zebra variety (Haplopelma albostriatum). These are very common in Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, where they are a popular fast food (and one that children love to hunt for). You can go to a Cambodian market and buy live, defanged tarantulas by the dozen from huge wicker baskets, ready to take home and cook.

2014，Bear Grylls，“Insects (and Other Creepy Crawlies)”, in Extreme Food: What to Eat when Your Life Depends on It，London: Bantam Press, →ISBN; 再版 London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, 2015, →ISBN, part 3 (The Whole Hog)，頁s 216–217:

The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.

1971，Wolfgang Bücherl，“Spiders”, in Venomous Animals and Their Venoms，卷 III (Venomous Invertebrates), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species)，頁 225:

tergites: dorsal sclerites on the body; the hard plates on the abdomen of the atypical tarantulas that indicate segmentation

2009，“Glossary”, in Spiders of India，Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh: Universities Press (India), →ISBN，頁 428:

The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.

2016年March29日，Josephine-De-France，“The Vicious”, in And Then There Are Bitches，Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

:Template:舊 塔蘭圖拉（歐狼蛛, Lycosa tarantula） （自16世紀中期）

Many men catch this malady [i.e., melancholy] by [...] ſtinging with that kind of ſpider called Tarantula; [...] Their ſymptomes are merrily deſcribed by Iovianus Pontanus. Ant. dial. how they daunce alogether, and are cured by Muſick.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“An Heape of Other Accidents Causing Melancholy. Death of Friends, Losses, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 4, subsection 7，頁 151:

I must confess they're my favorite. So bright. They quickly recognize individuals. And they respond to kindness. All tarantulae do. That's why your little Lycosa made such a good pet, Robin.

1996，Jonathan Kellerman，章號 7, in The Web (Alex Delaware; 10)，New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; 再版 London: Headline Publishing Group, 2008, →ISBN:


tutti

源自意大利語 tutti ← 拉丁語 totus (“全部”)。

Even so, the orchestra endowed tuttis with a positively radiant glow.

2008年February19日，Steve Smith，“Hispanic Classics Flavor a New York Debut”, in New York Times:


tache

參見tack (“大頭釘”)。

And thou shalt make fiftie taches of gold, and couple the curtaines together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.


counter-attack

Liverpool should really have taken the lead on 33 minutes. A lightning quick counter-attack was led by Jordan Henderson down the right.

2012年August23日，Alasdair Lamont，“Hearts 0-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:


coup d'état

coups d'état (plural)
coup d'états (plural)

The military of Myanmar overthrew the country’s fragile democratic government in a coup d'état on Monday, arresting civilian leaders, shutting off the internet and cutting off flights.

緬甸軍方週一發動政變，推翻了脆弱的民主政府，逮捕了文職領導人，切斷了互聯網和航班。

2021年February2日，Russell Goldman，“Myanmar’s Coup, Explained [六個關鍵問題，快速了解緬甸政變]”, in 紐約時報:


creo

Nelson is just about the only creationist who makes some effort at presenting his ideas in legitimate scientific venues, but Pharyngula does a good job of showing why creo's don't do well in such situations.

2004年August2日，Jason，“Around the Blogs”, in Evolutionblog:

Anytime you want to debate an intelligent creo instead of the AiG YEC morons I will promptly oblige you.

2005年March24日，Ray Martinez，“Re: Natural Selection”, in talk.origins (Usenet), message-ID <1111718471.043282.17720@l41g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>:

And of course the creos will say that whatever they find is evidence for a young universe.

2007年September10日，Nick Matzke，“Iapetus flyby today!”, in Panda's Thumb:

In Texas, for example, a creo-dominated board of education in 2009 successfully shoehorned creationist language into the life and earth sciences standards.

2010年December17日，“Top Ten Evolution Stories of 2010”, in National Center for Science Education:


creo

[comment #128 by "raven"] In the hotbed of creo nonsense, the USA, acceptance of the fact of evolution runs around 99% among relevant scientists.

2007年November17日，PZ Myers，引 raven (username), “The Discovery Institute lies to educators”, in Pharyngula, comment #128:

First, I have to agree with you regarding the many creo sites and their unqualified interpretations of fossil evidence […]

2008年November26日，Mark Gerard，“Re: Science be damned!”, in talk.origins (Usenet):


Olympic Games

源自Olympic + games，源自中古法語 ieux olympiques。

奧運會
古代奧運會 （自16世紀）

The first Olympic Games are traditionally dated to 776 BC.

傳統上認為第一屆古代奧運會舉辦於公元前776年。

In the times of the Olimpike games, with chariots exceeding all other in magnificence, he also sent poets and musitians to present his verses, with tents and pavillions gilt and most suinptuously tapistried.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 17, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Olympic Games. — Besides the ordinary confederacies that join independent states together, a singular federal bond is remarkable in the Olympic games, which for many ages cemented the Grecian commonwealths by a joint tie of recreation and religious ritual.

1840, John Dunlop, The Universal Tendency to Association in Mankind. Analyzed and Illustrated, London: Houlston and Stoneman, page 103:


Tokyo

借自日語 東京 (Tōkyō)，源自中古漢語 東 (tuwng) + 京 (kjæng)。

Tokyo required certain military technologies and some raw materials that its main European ally already possessed, and also needed new markets for its Southeast Asian products in order to keep the local economies alive.

2017年June8日，Rotem Kowner，“When economics, strategy, and racial ideology meet: inter-Axis connections in the wartime Indian Ocean*”, in Journal of Global History，卷 12, 期 2, Cambridge University Press, →DOI，頁 231:


sene

My selfe have found by experience, that radish rootes are windie, and senie-leaves breede loosenes in the belly.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 37, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:


def

deffer (comparative)
deffest (superlative)

(非裔美國人俚語) 很好的

See I do this thing, so come pursue this king / One minor rhyme is all you just bring / Cause I’m the best I’m def, ask the rest they left

1988，“Run’s House”, in Tougher Than Leather，演出者 Run-DMC:


daf

源自波斯語或阿拉伯語 دَف (daf)，源自中古波斯語 𐭣𐭯 (dap)。

:Template:音樂:Template:分類 達甫，中東地區的民族打擊樂器。

MOHAMMAD REZA SHAJARIAN (Thursday) Renowned in his native Iran, the vocalist Mohammad Reza Shajarian has been performing since the 1960s, and is now widely considered one of the finest classical Persian singers in the world. Mr. Shajarian’s son, Homayoun Shajarian, will provide additional vocals and tombak (goblet drum), while Ensemble Ava, a four-piece, will contribute additional instrumentation on the ancient Persian instruments barbat (short-necked lute), tar (long-necked lute), kamancheh (spike fiddle) and daf (frame drum).

2008年May30日，The New York Times，“Pop and Rock Listings”, in New York Times:


interrobang

拉丁語 interrogātiō (“檢查，要求，疑問”) + bang (“感歎號”)，1962年首次出現於雜誌《TYPEtalks》，作者是 Martin K. Speckter (1915–1988)，他也是該符號的創造者。

/ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəʊˌbæŋ/

/ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəˌbæŋ/

/ɪnˈtɛ.ɹɔˌbæŋ/

疑問驚歎號，‽ (? + !) （自1962年）

Has anyone seen an interrobang? It's a newly invented punctuation mark that looks like this: ‽ A question mark with an exclamation point superimposed, it's meant to convey that nuance of feeling—a mixture of query and surprise—that people have in mind when they say "Really?", also meaning "Really!", or "How about that‽" […] The cure for incredibility is not more punctuation, but more plain talk. We don't need symbols like the interrobang that merely express our perpetual disbelief. We need plain words to express plain truths.

1968年November15日，William Zinsser，“For clear expression: Try words: The interrobang”, in Life，卷 65, 期 20, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 24:

The Interrobang is not a font – just a single character. Yet it is so powerful a symbol, and such a flawed and original concept, that it deserves a place alongside the most adventurous typographic innovations of the last century. It is an exclamation mark and a question mark combined, a ligature looping the curve of the interrogation with the downward force of the expletive (which compositors and printers have traditionally called a bang). When they meld, they need only one round point at their base.

2011 September，Simon Garfield，“Breaking the Rules”, in Just My Type: A Book About Fonts，New York, N.Y.: Gotham Books, Penguin Group, →ISBN，頁 268:

Popular as it was with writers and admen, the interrobang faced a struggle for mainstream acceptance. Simulating an interrobang on a typewriter was possible, if clumsy—type "?" and then overstrike it with "!"—but for typesetters creating a printed document, there was no such shortcut. Those advertisements, brochures, and books that actually honored the writer's use of the character had to be set using handcrafted interrobangs, either drawn by an illustrator or sculpted from rubber cement with a razor blade.

2013，Keith Houston，“The Interrobang”, in Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks，New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN，頁s 28–29:

Introduce the notion of combining punctuation marks in new ways. Explain the Interabang and its use as a nonstandard punctuation mark intended to combine the functions of the question mark and the exclamation mark. Allowing your students the use of all keyboard symbols to create additional punctuation forms, what other punctuation combinations would prove useful in allowing greater expression through punctuation?

2014，John Senior，“Idea 79: The Interabang!?”, in 100 Ideas for Secondary Teachers: Gifted and Talented，London: Bloomsbury Education, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，頁 94:


dernier

借自法語 dernier，源自derrenier，派生自古法語 derrain (“最終的，最後的”)（可能類比premier），派生自通俗拉丁語 *dēretrānus，源自拉丁語 dē (“遠離”) + retrō (“向後，在後面”) + -ānus (“屬於……的”)。

常以 dernier resort 或 dernier ressort的形式出現。

Then as I'm a Chriſtian, I ſuſpect we have both been equally involv'd in the misfortune of a Miſtake. Sir, I am in the dernier Confuſion to avow, that tho my Daughter Conſtantia has been liable to ſeveral Addreſſes; yet ſhe never has had the Honour to be produc'd to his Grace.

1617，[John Fletcher]，George, Duke of Buckingham [i.e., George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]，“The Chances: A Comedy; as It is Acted at the Theatre-Royal. By His Grace the Duke of Buckingham, Author of The Rehearsal”, in Two Plays Written by His Grace George Late Duke of Buckingham: viz. I. The Rehearsal; to which is Added the Key to It. And, II. The Chances. Being All that His Grace Ever Publish’d. Corrected from the Errors of Former Editions，London: Printed by J. Darby for M. P. and sold by A. Bettesworth […], and F. Clay […], 出版於 1723, →OCLC, Act V, scene iii，頁 157:

That thoſe laws of Ed[ward] 3 for Annual Parliaments are pro bono publico [for the public good], and of the greateſt concern to the Nation, beſides they are made concerning the higheſt Court of Judicature, of the Dernier Reſort, and which regulates and keeps all the reſt in order, needs not a proof to any reaſonable man.

1676，author uncertain, attributed to Nicholas Carey or Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles，Some Considerations upon the Question, whether the Parliament is Dissolved by It’s Prorogation for 15 Months?，[s.l.: s.n.], →OCLC, section II，頁 7:

The Begums' ministers, on the contrary, to extort from them the disclosure of the place which concealed the treasures, were, […] after being fettered and imprisoned, led out on to a scaffold, and this array of terrours proving unavailing, the meek tempered Middleton, as a dernier resort, menaced them with a confinement in the fortress of Chunargar. Thus, my lords, was a British garrison made the climax of cruelties!

1788 June，Richard Brinsley Sheridan，“Mr. Sheridan’s Speech, on Summing Up the Evidence on the Second, or Begum Charge against Warren Hastings, Esq., Delivered before the High Court of Parliament, June 1788”, in Select Speeches, Forensick and Parliamentary, with Prefatory Remarks by N[athaniel] Chapman, M.D.，卷 I, [Philadelphia, Pa.]: Published by Hopkins and Earle, […], 出版於 1808, →OCLC，頁 474:

[T]he attention of the Board in New-street, Spring-gardens, was in vain called to the petinacious obstinacy of these justices, until, wearied with official correspondence, and "having no reasonable expectation," they state, "that any steps would be taken by the committee of visiting justices to the remedy of the manifest defects," upon which they had animadverted, they inform us that they had recourse to the dernier ressort—an appeal to the Secretary of State […]

1853年October1日，“Art. I. State of Lunacy in England.”, in The Journal of Psychological Medicine and Mental Pathology，卷 VI, 期 XXIV, London: John Churchill, […], →OCLC，頁s 475–476:

In the autumn of 1849 Mr. and Mrs. Bracebridge, who were to spend some months in the East, again proposed that Miss [Florence] Nightingale should travel with them, and again the offer was gladly accepted. Her sister was delighted. […] The sister reported to her friends that "Flo had taken tea with the Bunsens to receive the dernier mot [last word] on Egyptology," and that she was going out "laden with learned books."

1913，Edward [Tyas] Cook，“Foreign Travel: Egypt and Greece (1849–1850)”, in The Life of Florence Nightingale […] In Two Volumes，卷s I (1820–1861), London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, […], →OCLC，頁 84:

And of course what was there possibly to be said that hadn't already been said about the dernier mot or the last word or the afterword or postscript or any number of other equivalent terms, in an interminable logic of the supplement, by Jacques Derrida himself?

2009，Nicholas Royle，“Last”, in In Memory of Jacques Derrida，Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN，頁 186:


gah

“And stop calling it soccerball! gah! do any of the tickets say soccerball? no!“”

2009年January20日，Alison Godfrey，引 Bronwyn Lovejoy, “Coles, Woolworths and IGA workers vent about customers on Facebook”, in Herald Sun:


Kashan

源自波斯語 کاشان (Kâšân)。

I napped in the pile
of the brushed and bruised
Kashan on our living room floor

1985，Peter Balakian，“The Oriental Rug”, in Introspections: American poets on one of their own poems，Hanover and London: University Press of New England for Middlebury College Press, 出版於 1997, →ISBN，頁 29:


wasn't

was not的縮約形 (否定助動詞)

Yesterday, upon the stair / I met a man who wasn’t there / He wasn’t there again today / I wish, I wish he’d go away …


dobro

原為吉普森吉他公司的商標，源自Dopyera 或 Dopjera，發明者的名字 + brothers，源自斯洛伐克語 dobro (“好的”)。

The longest and most incandescent track is “Twilight Kingdom,” which includes Stuart Duncan on fiddle, Jerry Douglas on dobro and David Grier on guitar.

2007年January21日，Nate Chinen，“Dueling Banjos, Gospel Harmonies, Arabesques and Electric Eels”, in New York Times:


suet

源自中古英語 sewet，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 suet, siuet，源自古法語 seu ← 拉丁語 sebum。

Many seed-eating birds also need animal fat and protein which they obtain from insects, animal carcasses, and suet.

1996，Laura Erickson，Sharing the Wonder of Birds with Kids:

Some jays, chickadees, nuthatches, and titmice regularly feed at suet; others seem never to indulge.

1998，Alan Pistorius，Everything You Need to Know About Birding and Backyard Bird Attraction:


travail

]
源自中古英語 travail ← 古法語 travail (“受苦”) ← 通俗拉丁語 *tripalium (“刑具”) ← 拉丁語 tripālis (“有三個樁的”)。

But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.

1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:

Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction[…].

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 20, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.

1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber 2007, p. 38:

And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.

2005，Tony Judt，“Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945，London: Vintage Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN:


domus

借自拉丁語 domus。參見dome。

農舍及居住在裡的人，所養的動植物（一體）

The domus was a unique and unprecedented concentration of tilled fields, seed and graain stores, people, and domestic animals, all coevolving with consequences no one could possibly have foreseen.

2017，James C Scott，章號 2, in Against the Grain，New Haven and London: Yale University, →ISBN，頁 73:


saltire

源自中古法語 saultoir (對比法語 sautoir)，源自sauter (“跳躍”) + -oir，源自拉丁語 saltāre (“跳舞，跳躍”) + -orium, -oria。

But the World Cup winning veteran's left boot was awry again, the attempt sliced horribly wide of the left upright, and the saltires were waving aloft again a moment later when a long pass in the England midfield was picked off to almost offer up a breakaway try.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16 – 12 Scotland”, in BBC體育，存檔自the original on 2016-09-26:

It was early August. In the Borders, there were few signs yet of a campaign that could take Scotland out of the United Kingdom. A large Y-E-S hung in separate letters from a tree on the road from Coldstream to Kelso. There wasn't a N-O to match it, but Kelso town hall flew both the saltire and the union jack.

2014年September16日，Ian Jack，“Is this the end of Britishness?”, in 衛報，倫敦，存檔自the original on 2016-04-18:


duar

阿拉伯語 دَوّار (dawwār)的口語發音。

阿拉伯國家人所居住的帳篷營地

The duar is in general made up of ten, fifteen, or twenty families, who are related to each other, and each family has a tent.

1882，Edmondo de Amicis，譯者 C. Rollin-Tilton, Morocco: Its People & Places:


oversalt

oversalts (third-person singular present)
oversalting (present participle)
oversalted (past participle)


döner kebap

The Zeybek Mangal Restaurant […] specialises in döner kebaps and has pleasant streetside tables. A portion of döner or one of their many other kebaps, with a salad and something to drink, costs about US$5.

Zeybek Mangal 餐厅 […] 专营土耳其烤肉串，设有舒适的街边餐桌。一份土耳其烤肉串或其他多种烤肉串，加上一份沙拉和一些饮料，价格约为5美元。

1993 November，Tom Brosnahan，Turkey: A Travel Survival Kit [土耳其：旅行生存工具包]，第4th版, Hawthorn, Vic.: Lonely Planet Publications, →ISBN，頁 316，列 1:

Each year it becomes increasingly difficult to find traditional foods in Venice. There’s no market for them. All that tourists seem to want to eat is mass market gelato and döner kebaps, and the native Venetians are dying out.

在威尼斯，传统食物一年比一年难找。传统食物没有市场。游客似乎只想吃大众市场的冰淇淋和土耳其烤肉串，而威尼斯本地食品正在逐渐消亡。

2011，Michael Krondl，“Sugar and Spice: Italy [糖和香料：意大利]”, in Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert [甜蜜的发明：甜点的历史]，Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN，頁 119:

“Sounds like a gyro or a shawarma,” you say. We said the same, except that there are some crucial differences. First of all, döner kebaps taste better.

你可能会说：“听起来像烤肉卷或沙威玛。”我们也会这么说，只是有一些关键的区别。首先，土耳其烤肉串味道更好。

2012年January20日，Mick Vann，“Verts Berlin-Inspired Kebap”, in The Austin Chronicle，卷 31, 期 21, Austin, Tex.: The Austin Chronicle Corporation, →ISSN，頁 34，列 3:


World War II

If Demandt's essay served as a strident example of the German desire for normalcy, a more subtle example was provided by a brief allohistorical depiction of a Nazi victory in World War II written by German historian Michael Salewski in 1999.

2005年May23日，Gavriel D. Rosenfeld，The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism，劍橋大學出版社, →ISBN，頁 182:


worst case scenario

Everyone is rightly planning for the worst-case scenario. Across Europe, that worst-case scenario is already playing out.

2020年March25日，“Network News: What COVID-19 means for rail in a wider transport context”, in Rail，頁 10:


manœuvre

[…] but then it came of itself: it was not elicited by meretricious arts and calculated manœuvres; and one had but to accept it — to answer what he asked […]

Gregson and Lestrade had watched the manœuvres of their amateur companion with considerable curiosity and some contempt.

1886，Arthur Conan Doyle，A Study in Scarlet:

Peter, forging ahead with the bag, stopped to see the result of these manœuvres.

1930，Norman Lindsay，Redheap，Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1965，頁 131:

[…] we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherous manœuvre.

1940，Winston Churchill，We shall fight on the beaches:

[…] and the belief that states had increasingly little room for manœuvre if they wanted their people to benefit from it.

2003，David Miller，Political Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction，Oxford University Press，頁 7:


manœuvre

manœuvres (third-person singular present)
manœuvring (present participle)
manœuvred (past participle)

We can ask how long it was before the team scored its first goal; or how long the centre-forward spent in manœuvring the ball towards the goal; and even how long the ball was in flight between his kicking it and its going between the goal-posts. But we cannot ask how many seconds were occupied in the scoring of the goal.

1954，Gilbert Ryle，“dilemma vii: Perception”, in Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953，The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press，頁 103: