drop-dead

最终地，不能更改地，定死地

drop-dead date

The intruding investor (VC #2) makes an offer at a pre-money valuation of $15 million, subject to due diligence, and the expiration of the "drop dead" date, meaning the date in the initial investor's term sheet when exclusivity expires.

2003，Joseph W. Bartlett, Ross Barrett, Michael Butler，Advanced Private Equity Term Sheets and Series A Documents:

As the drop-dead date approaches, my mind becomes more focused.

2010，Richard L. Daft，The Executive and the Elephant，頁 96:

If the assets [of a steel mill] were not sold by a fixed date, […]the “drop-dead” provision of the settlement agreement would take effect. Under that provision, the mills would be closed, the stay would be lifted, and the secured creditors would take possession. Probably neither the debtor nor the secured creditors believed that a sale could be completed before the drop-dead date.

2019，Lynn M. LoPucki, Elizabeth Warren, Robert M. Lawless，Secured Transactions: A Systems Approach，頁 107:


brown bag

源自常用于装自制便当的棕色纸袋。

美国英语中，paperbag和brown bag经常出现于很多表示butterface (“背影杀手”)的短语内。

Did you attend the brown bag Tuesday on healthy exercise habits?

So what student would choose to work in Washington for zero compensation, with benefits listed as "brown-bags," "farewell reception" and "athletic and service opportunities"?

1994年November6日，William Goss，“Interning For Pleasure And Profit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


butterface

everything looks good but her face、great body but her face等短语的缩约形式，受到了butter (“黄油”)（可能还暗示了“平平无奇”或者“多油”等意思）和buttface的影响。参见这些词条。对比summerteeth。

I can’t even look at her, she’s such a butterface.

她真是不忍直视，活脱脱一个背影杀手。

Her face wasn't quite as pretty as he had hoped — Earl, the other mechanic back at his father's place called this kind of girl a Butterface...

2010，Laura Lippman，I'd Know You Anywhere，New York: HarperCollins, →ISBN，頁 76:

I can’t even look at her, she’s got such a butterface.

她真是不忍直视，她（明明身材很好却）脸太难看了。

Her friend had a hot figure and a butterface — great body, but her face — and they were talking about Greyhound's most recent dating fiasco.

2004，Amy Sohn，“The need to know and the fear of knowing”, in My Old Man，New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN，頁 106:


butter face

“She's a butter face,”
Harold looked at her for a minute and then back to Mr. Fink. “A butter face?” Repeated Harold not knowing what Mr. Fink meant.


summerteeth

...some of her teeth等表达的缩约形式，受到了summer的影响。对比butterface。

She's a lovely girl but she's got summerteeth—some are still there, but some ain't.

她是個挺可愛的小女孩，但是牙齒沒長齊——有的還在，有的掉了。

Always be careful handling your oars or you'll end up with a case of summerteeth.

划桨的时候小心点，不然你牙齿就不保了。

I glance over and see Mia smiling. "At least it's not some creepy old dude with a bald head and missing teeth."
Shaking my head, I chuckle. "I can't say if he's a toothless wonder or if he has summer teeth. I'm just saying it's a male."


put through the wringer

puts through the wringer (third-person singular present)
putting through the wringer (present participle)
put through the wringer (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-put through the wringer.ogg

让...吃苦头；让...不好受

They really put each candidate through the wringer before choosing one to hire.

在决定聘用候选人之前，他们确实对每个候选人进行了严格的考验。

Psychiatrists say that for many people who have been put through the wringer over the past decade, the climate extremes are one crisis too many.

精神病学家表示，对于过去十年遭受过折磨的许多人来说，极端气候已经是难以承受的危机。

2023年September16日，Jason Horowitz，“How Do We Feel About Global Warming? It’s Called Eco-Anxiety.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


talk the talk

talks the talk (third-person singular present)
talking the talk (present participle)
talked the talk (past participle)

说好听话，说大话，说漂亮话；说该说的话，说表达决心的话

When it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, he talks the talk, but it remains to be seen if he walks the walk.

关于减排温室气体，他说的是头头是道，但是他会不会付诸实际行动还是个未知数。

Some leaders only talk the talk but aren't prepared to take any risks.

一些领导人只会说漂亮话，但是从来不愿意冒风险。

Byford talks the talk, and he does it well.

2020年December2日，Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton，“I enjoy really big challenges...”, in Rail，頁 55:


walk the walk

walks the walk (third-person singular present)
walking the walk (present participle)
walked the walk (past participle)

When it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, he talks the talk, but it remains to be seen if he can walk the walk.

关于减排温室气体，他说的是头头是道，但是他会不会付诸实际行动还是个未知数。

"The SNP like to talk the talk about net zero targets, but they can't walk the walk. We need a fares freeze for everyone if we want to get serious about greening the economy and a public railway run in the public interest."

2023年June28日，Conrad Landin，“Network News: Scottish 4.8% rail fares rise labelled 'bad news'”, in RAIL，期 986，頁 18:


birdwatching

/ˈbɜː(ɹ)dˌwɒtʃ.ɪŋ/

girlwatching

觀察年輕美女（作為一種愛好）

In fact, on this night, the birdwatching is over for everyone, for the firing is cancelled. Nobody notifies birdwatchers officially, of course, so the exodus is scattered and gradual.

觀察年輕美女（作為一種愛好）

By the spring of 1968, they were the secular-singing O'Kaysion, and they had recorded a leering lyric about ogling babes for the peewee Northstate label. Local DJs, appreciating that bird-watching was a popular pastime for their listeners, rode the number as if it had a satin saddle.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 225:


birding

The time has come, however, for BirdLife Australia to foster debate about how to ensure that Australian bird names, birding and bird conservation are culturally and socially inclusive, and do not cause offence.

然而，现在是澳大利亚鸟盟开展辩论的时候了，讨论如何确保澳大利亚鸟类名称、观鸟和鸟类保护具有文化和社会包容性，并且不会引起冒犯。

2022，Stephen T. Garnett, Golo Maurer, Georgia E. Garrard，“Why Australian common bird names should respond to societal change”, in Emu: Austral Ornithology，卷 122, 期 2，頁 150:


mountainbike

Lacondeguy and Czech rider Tomas Zejda will take on New Zealand's Kelly McGarry and reigning champion Conor Macfarlane in a battle for the mountainbike crown.

2013年January25日，“Farm Jam tipped to be bigger than ever”, in Stuff:


emmer

最早見於1908年；借自德語 Emmer，源自中古高地德語 emeri，源自古高地德語 amari，派生自 amar(o)，而該詞又派生出了德語中已棄用的同義詞 Amelkorn (“斯佩耳特小麥”)。更久遠的詞源則未知。

同類詞：spelt、einkorn wheat

Emmer Wheat or Farro Emmer wheat, T. turgidum dicoccum, was probably the second wheat to be cultivated. It grew in warmer climates than einkorn, and became the most important cultivated form from the Near East through northern Africa and Europe until early Roman times, when it was superseded by durum and bread wheats. But pockets of emmer cultivation survived in parts of Europe, and emmer is now widely available under its Italian name, farro.

2004，Harold McGee，章號 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen，Scribner, →ISBN:


fustigator

There is, however, at any time much more to be advanced in favour of the operations of the Royal Academy of Arts than clumsy fustigators like Mr. George Moore imagine.

1903，Byron Webber，James Orrock, R. I., Painter, Connoisseur, Collector:


scruffy

scruffier (comparative)
scruffiest (superlative)

A scruffy little dog came scampering down the road.

一条脏脏的小狗在路上跳来跳去。

scruffy clothes

scruffy man

scruffy outfit

"So you wanna be a rock 'n roll star?!" screams the centerspread of a scruffy rag produced by the Boston activist group Rock Against Sexism (R.A.S.) Amid a jumbled collage picturing shaggy-headed, bare-chested, "fuckin' awesome" white guy rockers, photo captions tell us how to succeed at rock 'n roll.

1987年December13日，Elizabeth Pincus，“Rock Against Sexism”, in Gay Community News，卷 15, 號 22，頁 16:


funerate

源自拉丁語 fūnerātus, fūnerō (“安葬”) 的過去分詞，源自 fūnus, fūneris (“喪葬，葬禮”)。參見 funeral。

funerates (third-person singular present)
funerating (present participle)
funerated (past participle)

my desideratum is , to be debonnairly funerated in a feateous requietory

July 4 1844，Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour，letter to Lorenzo Altisonant:


galeate

源自拉丁語 galeatus, galeare (“以頭盔覆蓋”) 的過去分詞。

[…]it has been transformed, except in a few taxa where lobules are always explanate, into a galeate water-sac, which is formed wholly from the lobule, with the external surface from the adaxial leaf surface.

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 4:


geminous

geminous teeth

And this the practice of Christians hath acknowledged, who have baptized these geminous births.

1672, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica (6th edition, book 3, chapter 15)

The reader will also observe that in the example just cited 'justice' is rendered by 'equality and justice;' on the same page he will find carelessness and inadvertency' where the original has only neglect; and so he will find throughout the book such geminous and even tergeminous renderings to the number of at least two hundred.

1861 March，“Critical Notices of Works on India and the East”, in Calcutta Review，卷 36，頁 v:


propelling

And, in proportion as one feels this power (love born of God) he feels the urgings, promptings, and propellings, to contend for and win Christ: […]

1901，Rebecca Anna Phillips，Led by a Way I Knew Not:


suffuse

源自拉丁語 suffundō。

suffuses (third-person singular present)
suffusing (present participle)
suffused (past participle)

像液體一樣擴散、遍佈、洋溢、充斥

The warmth suffused his cold fingers.

温暖传到了他冰冷的手指上。

Marie's face was suffused with a sleepy, appreciative look.

1983，Robert Ferro，The Family of Max Desir，頁 87:

His newest work, The Beach Bum, shares a gauzy neon aesthetic and Florida setting with Spring Breakers, and it’s marked by the usual plethora of drug use, free love, and pirate’s-life-for-me lawlessness that suffuses every Korine movie.

2019年March28日，David Sims，“A Portrait of the Artist as a Perpetually Stoned Beach Bum”, in The Atlantic:


suffuse

源自拉丁語 suffundō。

more suffuse (comparative)
most suffuse (superlative)

This limonite-colored mud is most often very suffuse and only faintly apparent.

1912，New York State Museum，Annual Report，頁 243:

Most of us mortals choose a very suffuse, dim light to have in our room, others push the switch to the maximum.

2014，Rita Petrini，Through the Curtain of Time and Space, →ISBN:


gubernator

* 源自拉丁語 gubernātor (“統治者，治理者”)，源自 gubernō (“統治，治理”) + -tor，因此是 governor 的同源對似詞。
* 或gubernatorial 的逆構詞，源自同一拉丁語詞。

The Egyptians, when they introduce God under the Symbolic Image of one that governes a Ship, thereby signifie his Domination and Empire as Gubernator of the Universe. For as a Gubernator of a Ship […]

1677，Theophilus Gale，The Court of the Gentiles，頁 469:

Marcus Minutius Mude, a soldier of the sixth legion victorious, in performance of a vow, dedicated the altar to the African, Italian, Gallican (Goddesses, the) Mothers, to the Gubernator of the Sixth Legion. The writer confessed there was some inconsistency in the dedications to the Matres, &c., and to the Gubernator; […]

1863，John McCaul，Britanno-Roman Inscriptions: With Critical Notes，頁 222:

2003 September，“Stanford poll: Terminator in lead to become gubernator”, in Silicon Valley Business Journal, title:

So, why don't we send the gubernator back to Austria,[…]and sponsor a collective effort to repeal the Loud Pipes Law and that ludicrous Healthcare Abomination.

2010年September30日，Hagar，“California's Gubernator caves ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):

So what test did Gubernator Perry pass to became such a brain dead dipshit?

2013年May24日，ChasNemo，“Texas Sheriff Exam ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):


gubernatrix

The year 1527 marked Felice's tenth anniversary as gubernatrix of the Bracciano Orsini.

1527年是费利斯担任布拉恰诺奥尔西尼领主的十周年。

2005，Caroline P. Murphy，The Pope's Daughter，頁 VI:


grasser

This grasser had to be pushing 45-50 lb.

2003年June30日，David Lee，“Flathead Frenzy”, in alt.fishing.catfish (Usenet):

Obviously if you see a grasser eat something–a bee, wasp, or mayfly–go that way fast!

2021，Drew Ross，“Pro Tips: How to Catch Grass Carp on the Fly”, in Orvis.com，存檔自the original on 2021-06-14:


assail

源自中古英語 assailen，源自古法語 assaillir, assalir，源自晚期拉丁語 assalīre，源自拉丁語 ad (“向”) + salīre (“跳”)。见assault。

assails (third-person singular present)
assailing (present participle)
assailed (past participle)

攻击，袭击 （亦比喻义）；困扰

Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.

他们进小巷以后被强盗袭击了。

Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.

她津津乐道地讲她的萨克斯怎么样怎么样，说得我们都烦了。

With greedy force he gan the fort assayle,
Whereof he weend possesse soone to bee,
And win rich spoile of ransackt chastitee.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto VI”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC，頁s 76-77:

“[…] for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!”

1897，Saki，“The Story-teller”, in Beasts and Super-beasts，London: John Lane, 出版於 1914，頁 238:

We got married immediately after I finished my work […] which should have been the happiest day of my life. […] ¶ But, it was not my happiest day. I was assailed by doubts.

1942，Zora Neale Hurston，章號 14, in Dust Tracks on a Road，New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 出版於 1969，頁 258:

He did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils.

2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64,


big brother

相比較的事物中較大的一個

While the little MTU Vee-12s in the Class 800 bi-mode generating units have lower overall emissions than their big brothers in the Class 43 IC125 power cars, in the case of CO₂, when you burn a litre of diesel fuel you get 2.8kg of CO₂. [a possible error in the original text]

2019 October，Roger Ford，“WCP award - victory for DfT reactionaries”, in Modern Railways，頁 32:


aver

繼承自中古英語 averren，源自古法語 averer，源自早期中世紀拉丁語 advērō，派生自拉丁語 vērus (“真的”)。對照現代法語 avérer。

avers (third-person singular present)
averring (present participle)
avering (present participle)
averred (past participle)
avered (past participle)

A rare thing to ſee a yong man or woman, that liues idlely, and fares well, of what condition ſoeuer, not to bee in loue. Vbicumqꝫ ſecuritas, ibi libido dominatur, luſt & ſecurity domineere together, as Sᵗ Hierome auerreth.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Causes of Heroicall Loue, Temperature, Full Diet, Idlenesse, Place, Climat, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 1，頁 209:

Now as to the Scriptures being the Word of God, and evidently known to be ſo, or evidencing themſelves to be ſo, and that of right, and properly they are to be ſo called; all which thou J. O. very abſolutely averreſt, […]

1660，Samuel Fisher，“[Rusticus ad Academicos in Exercitationibus Expostulatoriis, Apologeticis Quatuor. The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies: Or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, and (Not without Good Cause) Contesting for the Truth, against the Nursing Mothers and Their Children. In Four Apologetical and Expostulatory Exercitations; …] The Third Apologetical, and Expostulatory Exercitation”, in The Testimony of Truth Exalted, […]，[London?]: [s.n.], 出版於 1679, →OCLC, chapter I，頁 411:

[T]he partial Infidel […] averreth the Sleep or Inſenſibility of the Soul both in good and bad perſons，源自the time of their Deceaſe hence until their Reſurrection; […]

1701，Lawrence Smith，“[First Discourse on 2 Timothy 1:10]”, in The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Or, The Immortality of the Human Soul, and the Separate Condition thereof in the Other World, Asserted and Made Manifest: […]，London: […] Thomas Speed, […], →OCLC，頁 1:

As Coroner, I must aver, I thoroughly examined her. / And she's not only merely dead, she's really most sincerely dead.

1939年August25日，“Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead”, in Yip Harburg 作詞, Harold Arlen 作曲, The Wizard of Oz (soundtrack), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer:

Horticulturalist Richard Lighty has a form [of Trillium grandiflorum] that he avers to open almost a cerise-red.

1997，Frederick W. Case, Jr., Roberta B. Case，“The North American Trilliums”, in Trilliums，Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN，頁 109:

In the meantime, on 5 June 2000, the applicant had brought a civil action against the Prosecutor's Office. He alleged that the termination of his contract had been unlawful and sought reinstatement and compensation for loss of salary. He averred, inter alia, that the climate in the Supreme Cassation Prosecutor's Office had deteriorated as a result of the actions of the Chief Prosecutor.

2007年July26日，European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section)，Peev v. Bulgaria (Application no. 64209/01)，Strasbourg, paragraph 19:

[W]hen Yara tells him he picked the losing side, he avers that he might just as soon head back to the Iron Islands—"But first, I'm gonna fuck the queen" [...]

2019年April14日，Alex McLevy，“Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-12-18:

承認、證明或證實（某事物）的存在或发生，或提出这样做

[A]lthough thou averrest this, and averrest it truly, we are nevertheless constrained to plead guilty to the possession of so much of this sensibility [a refusal to hear details] (call it "sickly" if thou wilt) as that they case once proved, our feeling of duty refuses to sustain us any longer against that combined and overwhelming influence of shattered nerves and a sickened heart.

1841 December，R[ichard] R[obert] Madden，“Address on Slavery in Cuba, Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention”, in The Churchman’s Monthly Review，London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. and G. Seeley, […], →OCLC，頁 705:


Nynorsk

借自挪威語 nynorsk (“現代挪威語”，字面意思是“新挪威語”)。

While 85-90% of Norwegians today use Bokmål as their written standard, Nynorsk is only used by about 10-15% of the population. Fosse’s English translator Damion Searls says many Nynorsk speakers see him “as a kind of national hero” for his championing of the language.

如今，85-90%的挪威人使用书面挪威语作为书写标准，而使用新挪威语的人口仅占10-15%。Fosse 的英语翻译 Damion Searls 说，许多新挪威语使用者都视他为“某种民族英雄”，因为他支持该语言。

2023年October5日，Philip Oltermann，“Jon Fosse’s Nobel prize announces his overdue arrival on the global stage”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


siheyuan

源自官話 四合院 (sìhéyuàn)的漢語拼音轉寫。

Traditional ssu ho yuan, the former homes of courtiers, both mission dwellings consisted of clusters of single-storied, gray-tiled pavilions built around shady courtyards adorned with rock gardens, lotus pools, and ancient fruit trees.

[1988，Anthony Grey，Peking: A Novel of China's Revolution, 1921-1978，Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 54:


abacinate

源自晚期拉丁語 abacinātus, abacinō 的完成時被動分詞；可能由 ab (“離，出”) + bacīnum (“盆”) 或 bacīnus 組成。可能與現代意大利語 abbacinare (“使目眩，使眼花”) 同源。

abacinates (third-person singular present)
abacinating (present participle)
abacinated (past participle)

用燒紅的金屬棒或金屬板使人失明

"You young scapegrace," said Dandolo, "I will myself abacinate you — in the Venetian way." "How's that?" "Blind your eyes with the glare, not of hot irons, but of new ducats. Count your pile."

Their straining eyes abacinated by the cup of terror, their throats stopped, their powers dead within them, they hung breathless, motionless.

1945，Robert Hardy Andrews，Burning Gold，頁 196:

Abacinate, eyes that bleed, praying for the end of your wide awake nightmare.

1986，Jeff Hanneman （作曲作詞）, “Angel of Death”, in Reign in Blood，演出者 Slayer:

This chiasmic image of the subject's imperviousness suggests a sensory deprivation beyond sublimity, like that of abacinated anti-epistemology.

1999，Srinivas Aravamudan，Tropicopolitans, →ISBN，頁 220:


songer

可能繼承自中古英語 songere (方言)，繼承自古英語 sangere，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *sangwārijaz (“歌手，歌唱者”)，與德語 Sänger、荷蘭語 zanger等同源，等價於 song + -er。或是上述詞素的現代構詞。

If a man who plays at ping pong is a "ponger," Then a singer of a "singsong" is a "songer"; If the "songer" is a singer. Then the "ponger" is a "pinger," And the man who says it's wrong must be a "wronger."

Will he sing it, I wonder?"
"Chantoozie, I ain't much of a songer any more. I just done that because I was told it was a colorful trait."

1976，Katie Lee，Ten Thousand Goddam Cattle:

No sound of songers chirping or jumbies, foraging for nuts.

2012，Susan St. Francis，A Tale of the Bug Fairies:


somniate

somniates (third-person singular present)
somniating (present participle)
somniated (past participle)

...but our powers not always in the same state of action, nor equally attentive to or rententive of the hints that were given, or things might be rendered more or less intelligible to us, as the powers of our soul were more or less dozed or somniated with the oppression of vapours from the body, which occasions sleep;

So much for the "safety benefit" of those somniating 100/110kph

2003年October2日，AlexT，“NJ cracks down on sleepy drivers that kill”, in talk.politics.misc (Usenet):

As for Dreams, and the diversity of them, with their significations, we shall be more large in our second part, when we shall treat of somniating Physiognomy; but in the mean time consider these Rules, and their Interpretations, for they are worthy the observation.

1671，Richard Saunders，Saunders Physiognomie, and Chiromancie, Metoposcopie:

The translation, by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons, shines like moonlight and magic mirrors, stimulates and somniates, echoes and recycles like a dream ...

2010 March/April，Willis G. Regier，“Shahrazad's New Clothes”, in World Literature Today，卷 84, 號 2:


press someone's buttons

presses someone's buttons (third-person singular present)
pressing someone's buttons (present participle)
pressed someone's buttons (past participle)

But I'm pretty persuasive, and I've learned how elected officials think. I know how to press their buttons.

2020年December2日，Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton，“I enjoy really big challenges...”, in Rail，頁 55:


stick up one's ass

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-stick up one's ass.ogg

have a stick up one's ass

My parents […] had been decently off at some time in the past, but all that remained by the time I came along was a certain New Englandy Puritan sense of respectability. […] I've inherited it. As much as I've tried to fight it, when you're born with a stick up your ass, you die with a stick up your ass.

2009，Don Nigro，Gorgons and Other Plays, →ISBN，頁 47:

President Adrian Kantor, whom […] Sandy often referred to as a "prissy do-gooder with a stick up his ass," credited Sanderson & Dunn with his swift ascent from the House to the Senate to the White House.

2014，Jay Giles，章號 1, in Moneymoon's End, →ISBN:

He was too straight-laced to appreciate piercings and tattoos. If he could manage to keep future comments to himself, she wouldn't have any reason to mention the stick up his ass.

2015，Tara Mills，章號 2, in Going Solo, →ISBN:


carrot and stick

源自两种驱赶运货动物的方式：用胡萝卜在前方吸引，和用棒子在后面抽打。

胡萝卜和大棒，恩威并济，软硬兼施

It was this carrot and stick discipline to which Mr. John Mill was subjected, and which he accepted dutifully as flowing from that perfect wisdom of which up to this time his father had been the representative.

1876，Lord Blachford，“The Reality of Duty, as Illustrated by the Autobiography of Mr. John Stuart Mill”, in The Contemporary Review，頁 523:

There was no similar carrot and stick for use against the French land armaments.

1928，Joseph Montague with George Young, Freedom of the Seas，頁 159:

The proposal to use the world trade order as a source of carrots and sticks for the pursuit of environmental objectives is based on three illusions.

2000，Anne O. Krueger with Chonira Aturupane, The WTO as an International Organization，頁 225:

the artful tactic of carrot and stick bore relatively plentiful fruit.

2008，Paul Lendvai with Ann Major, One Day that Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy，頁 227:


haltere

源自古希臘語 ἁλτῆρες (haltêres，“手中握着的重物，用来推动跳跃”)。需要注意的是在古希臘語原文當中，ἁλτῆρες (haltêres)似乎沒有單數形式，一些權威詞典認為 halteres 是唯複名詞，但在英語昆蟲學用法中，haltere 有時作為逆構詞出現。有時則會使用單數形式 halter，但可能會與同形不同義的用法混淆。

Whenever the fly changes direction at an angle to the hinge, the shaking bends the halteres at their base and turns them into a gyroscope.

2022，Thomas Halliday，Otherlands，Penguin, 出版於 2023，頁 166:


abbreviature

源自中世紀拉丁語 abbreviātūra，源自晚期拉丁語 abbreviō (“縮短，縮寫”)。參見 abbreviate。

/əˈbɹi.vi.əˌt͡ʃʊɹ/

節略；摘要；摘錄；概括 （自16世紀末）

This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian.

詞語、短語的縮寫 （自17世紀中葉）

The hand of PROVIDENCE writes often by abbreviatures, hieroglyphicks or short characters […]

1716，Thomas Browne，Christian Morals，第2nd版, London: J. Payne, 出版於 1756, Part I, p. 37:


sopite

拉丁語 sopitus，sopire (“使入睡”) 的過去分詞。

sopites (third-person singular present)
sopiting (present participle)
sopited (past participle)

... Balmawhapple could not, by the code of honour, evite giving satisfaction to ... Edward by such a palinode as rendered the use of the sword unnecessary, and which, being made and accepted, must necessarily sopite the whole affair.

1814，Sir Walter Scott，Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since:


studying

學習；研究（動作、行為）

Yea, I have to charge thee further, before men and angels, with thy studyings and contrivances, the deepest and most intense thoughts of heart thou hast had […]

1839，Nathaniel Ranew，Solitude improved by divine meditation:


supplanter

Selfishness is indeed the supplanter of God in the soul.

1906，James H. McConkey，“Jacob's Struggle”, in China's Millions，頁 13:

What with the increased cost and the continued element of unreliability that these facts mean, I don't see in hydro-electricity more than an eker-out of coal and oil, not a supplanter.


naufragate

naufragates (third-person singular present)
naufragating (present participle)
naufragated (past participle)

All which Proposals we are resolved by Gods gracious assistance with unanimity, constancy, and activity, in our several stations, with our lives and fortunes, to prosecute and accomplish, to our powers, by all just and legal wayes, with what ever else may conduce to the Peace, Safety, Unitie, Wealth, Prosperity of our Lacerated, Macerated, Naufragated Church and State; […]

1660，Thomas Fuller，A happy handfull, or Green hopes in the blade; in order to a harvest, of the several shires, humbly petitioning, or heartily declaring for peace， […] John Williams […]，頁 48:

[…] the reſtoring of collapſed Honour to the Nations, and of juſt Rights to all orders therein; ( which have been ſo many years obſtruded) the reviving of Trade, the eaſing of Preſſures,the reducing of theſe wofully toſſed and naufragated Kingdoms unto Calmneſs and Serenity again, […]

1660，Edward Reynolds，The Meanes and Method of Healing in the Church， […] Tho. Ratcliffe, for George Thomason，頁 24:

And therefore although Gretſerus [k] be pleas'd to be diſpleas'd with this derivation thereof, yet it is ſuppoſed that others without the leaſt hazard of Naufragating their Art of Gloſſographie, may ſecurely caſt Anchor and ſafely acquieſce therein.

1661，John Godolphin，章號 I, in Συνήγορος θαλασσιος. A Vievv of the Admiral Jurisdiction，London，頁 7:

And very few, if any, would they but weight aright, the vaſt diſproportion that is betwixt their preſent earthly ſhadows and this moſt subſtancial bleſſedneſs, would ever turn their backs on Chriſt, or Naufragate, and make Shipwrack of the Faith, to ſecure the former, and hereby deprive themſelves to eternity of the latter.

1673，John Hickes，A Discourse of the Excellency of the Heavenly Substance，London，頁 28:

Clench's English, is of a piece with his Tuscan. For example, "Peter signifies an inexpugnable rock, able to evacuate all the plots of hell's divan, and naufragate all the lurid designs of empoisoned heretics."

1850，Thomas Babington Macaulay，章號 VI, in The History of England from the Accession of James II，卷 II, Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Company，頁 87:

Among others^([sic，意為other]) lessons that could be derived from the Gulf War, this event showed the inner limits to ICT propaganda. The attempt to legitimise the war and to make it morally more acceptable by people because, thanks to ICT, it was an entirely new type of war, i.e. a “clean” and “quick” war without human killing naufragated clamorously, not only for the shame of military establishment but also of media that uncritically supported and propagated such a claim.

1993，Facing the Challenge of Risk and Vulnerablity in an Information Society: […]，IFIP，頁 304:


woe is me

源自me的一个弃用用法，即可以不带借词表达与格意义。
对比同义的德語 Weh ist mir和意第緒語 וויי איז מיר (vey iz mir)。

/ˌwəʊ ɪz ˈmiː/

我真可悲，我真倒霉；哀哉

Woe is me, that I soiourne in Mesech: that I dwell in the tents of Kedar.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 120:5:


habilitator

If the mine itself and its machinery, stores, and other valuable things that form part of the undertaking, should be attached and sold in execution, the provisions of the foregoing articles shall be observed in favor of the habilitators, as to the preference of their several claims among themselves, and with regard to the other creditors.

1892，Alejandro K. Coney，The Legal and Mercantile Handbook of Mexico，頁 177:


hebetant

源自拉丁語 hebetāns，hebetō (“使迟钝，使麻木”) 的現在分詞。

more hebetant (comparative)
most hebetant (superlative)

This morning, May 2, 1662, having first broken my fast upon eggs and cooling salades, mellows, watercresses, those herbes, according to Villanovus his prescription, who disallows the use of meat in a morning as gross, fat, hebetant, feral, altogether fitter for wild beasts than man […]

a. 1834，Charles Lamb，Curious Fragments extracted from a common-place book, which belonged to Robert Burton […] :


keirin

競輪賽，場地自由車比賽項目

The keirin is one of the few track cycling events not originating in the West, having been developed in Japan. […] Keirin is extrememly popular in Japan, in particular because of gambling on the races.

2011，Bill Mallon, Jeroen Heijmans，Historical Dictionary of Cycling，Scarecrow Press, →ISBN，頁 113:

Japan, however, has developed the distinctive cycling subculture of Keirin racing. Launched in Japanese velodromes in 1948 as a state regulated system designed to cream-off a percentage of stake money to support Japan's newly reconstituted bicycle industry […]

2016，Glen Norcliffe，Critical Geographies of Cycling: History, Political Economy and Culture，Routledge, →ISBN:


secede

源自拉丁語 secedere，源自 se- (“分開”) + cedere (“去”)。

secedes (third-person singular present)
seceding (present participle)
seceded (past participle)

脫離、退出（政治聯盟或組織）

We can secede from the United Kingdom any time we want.

2007年July5日，“Writers declare independence for Wirral”, in Wirral Globe, retrieved 2007-07-11:

“The horror, the horror”, said venture capitalist Shervin Pishevar, an Uber investor who made a call for California to secede from the US.

“太可怕了，太可怕了”，Uber投资者、曾呼吁加州脱离美国的风险投资家谢尔文·皮谢瓦说。

2024年July20日，Tabby Kinder, George Hammond, Hannah Murphy, Alex Rogers，引 Shervin Pishevar, “Has Silicon Valley gone Maga?”, in FT Weekend, Big Read，頁 6:

使脫離、退出（政治聯盟或組織）

At the same time, Nolan also secretly contracted with the crafty United States Army general James Wilkinson to organize some men to secede Texas from Spanish America.

与此同时，诺兰还秘密与狡猾的美国陆军将军詹姆斯·威尔金森签订合同，组织一些人将德克萨斯从西班牙美洲分离出去。

2002，Darryl E. Brock，“José Agustín Quintero: Cuban Patriot in Confederate Diplomatic Service”, in Cubans in the Confederacy: José Agustín Quintero, Ambrosio José Gonzales, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez，Ed. Phillip Thomas Tucker, publ. McFarland, →ISBN，頁 103:

A Spanish Supreme Court probe into last year's attempt to secede Catalonia from Spain wraps up Friday with the judge expected to charge 28 regional politicians and separatist leaders with offenses that may include rebellion.

西班牙最高法院对去年加泰罗尼亚脱离西班牙企图的调查于周五结束，法官预计将对28名地区政客和分离主义领导人提出包括叛乱在内的多项罪名指控。

2018，“The Latest: Europe arrest warrants for 6 Catalan separatists”, in ABC News，The Associated Press:


seditious

more seditious (comparative)
most seditious (superlative)

There may not be anything seditious about his music, but plundering and ravaging the tracks needed to create it requires a spirit of rebellion at odds with corporate organization. Enterprise mashup may be an oxymoron.

2010，Jonathon Keats，Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology，Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 112:


ablaqueate

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ablaqueātus，ablaqueō (“翻起或鬆開樹周圍的土壤”) 的過去分詞，源自 ab- + laqueō (“套住，纏住”)。

ablaqueates (third-person singular present)
ablaqueating (present participle)
ablaqueated (past participle)

鬆土使（樹根）裸露 （(1350 - 1470) 至18世紀中葉）

After the autumnal equinox they were to be ablaqueated like the vines. Every third year they were to be dunged, and after some years (generally the eighth) to be pruned; for there was an old saying, to wit, eum qui aret olivetum rogare fructum; qui stercoret exorare; qui caedat cogere.

1847，Thomas Keightley，The Bucolics and Georgics of Virgil:


paper money

仿譯自漢語 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián)。

儘管在書面作品中並不少見，但在英語口語中並不常用。另外，此詞通常與動詞 burn 搭配，即 burn paper money ― 燒紙錢。

Moreover, you say that serving Fuh is a profitable service; that if you burn paper money, present offerings, and keep fasts before the face of your god Fuh, he will dissipate calamities, blot out your sins, increase your happiness, and prolong your age!

此外，你还可以说侍奉福神是一项有利可图的礼拜；如果你在福神面前焚烧纸钱、献上供品并斋戒，他将消除你的灾祸罪孽、增加你的幸福、延长你的寿命！

1848，Samuel Wells Williams，The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants，頁 558:

Tablets in honour of the dead are set up in every house over a sort of family altar; and at certain times flowers are offered and paper-money is burned at these shrines.

每家每户都会在类似家庭祭坛的地方供奉牌位，以纪念死者；在特定时间，人们会在这些神龛上献上鲜花、焚烧纸钱。

1873，William Curry, Jun., & Company，The Dublin University Magazine，卷 81，頁 393:

Tsze Chien means “paper money” – not the real bank notes which are so extensively used in China as money but the make-believe tinsel money which the Chinese burn as part of their religious worship.

“纸钱”的意思是“纸做的钱币”——并非中国广泛使用的真正的钞票，而是中国人在宗教礼拜中焚烧的仿制钱。

1893，Henry Addison Nelson, Albert B. Robinson，The Church at Home and Abroad，頁 108:

People had also begun to burn paper money (it was believed that burning transformed it into real money that could be used by the departed souls in hades) instead of placing actual coins in the tombs.

人们也开始焚烧纸钱（人们相信焚烧纸钱可以使其变成真正的钱币，供冥界的亡灵使用），而不是在坟墓中放置真正的硬币。

1931，United States National Museum，Proceedings of the United States National Museum，卷 80，頁 75:

“Let’s burn the paper money,” Mai Mai said. She brought out a stack of yellow paper from her pocket – coarse paper with small circles cut in it to represent coins. Longevity lighted the paper money and kowtowed another time.

1967，C. Y. Lee，The land of the golden mountain，頁 175:

The paper money for the spirits consisted of imitations either of metal coins or of real money, but the latter had different sets of inscriptions and patterns to distinguish it from counterfeit money.

1985，Joseph Needham, Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin，Science and Civilisation in China，頁 102:

After paying homage to the departed, the ritual is concluded by a libation of rice wine poured on to an additional stack of burning paper money.

在向逝者表达敬意之后，向另一叠燃烧的纸钱上倒上米酒，仪式便结束了。

1996，Joo Ee Khoo，The Straits Chinese: A Cultural History，頁 53:

Supplicants burn paper money and joss sticks, and pray for good fortune to the temple deity, Tua Pek Kong.

信徒们焚烧纸钱和香，向庙里的神灵大伯公祈求好运。

2003，Charles de Ledesma, Mark Lewis, Pauline Savage，The rough guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei，頁 414:

Many societies follow traditional funeral rites and practices. In China, this may involve burning paper money or possessions for the deceased to use in the afterlife.

许多社会都遵循传统的葬礼仪式和习俗。在中国，葬礼可能包括焚烧纸钱或遗物，供死者在来世使用。

2007，Catherine Chambers，End-of-life rituals，頁 7:

If a mourner is either Taoist or Buddhist they may hold a burning joss stick while bowing. A family member will usually be kneeling nearby to burn joss sticks and paper money.

如果吊唁者是道教徒或佛教徒，他们可能会手持一枝香鞠躬行礼。家庭成员通常会跪在旁边焚香和纸钱。

2016，Kelly Jackson-Nash，CultureShock! Singapore，頁 [unpaginated]:

Built in the early 19th century by the first Hokkien and Cantonese settlers in Penang, the temple isn’t so impressive architecturally, but it’s very central and popular with the Chinese community, and seems to be forever swathed in smoke from the outside furnaces where whorshippers burn paper money, and from the incense sticks waved around inside.

2017，Lonely Planet，Lonely Planet Discover Malaysia & Singapore: Top sights, authentic experiences，頁 [unpaginated]:


abductive

The logs showed that between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on the abductive day, 10,718 SIMs connected with the seven […] Some people in the kidnap zone would of course have called each other innocently, but […]

2010，Steve Hendricks，A Kidnapping in Milan: The CIA on Trial, →ISBN，頁 169:


faster-than-light

這是名詞前使用的形式。名詞後面使用的形式是 faster than light，例如：The laws of physics forbid faster-than-light travel.
物理定律禁止超光速傳播。 Tachyons travel at speeds faster than light.
快子以比光速還快的速度傳播。

Faster-than-light drives use element zero cores to reduce the mass of a ship, allowing higher rates of acceleration. This effectively raises the speed of light within the mass effect field, allowing high speed travel with negligible relativistic time dilation effects.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：FTL Drive Codex entry:


Nanri

源自官話 南日的漢語拼音。

鎮名，位於中國福建莆田秀嶼。

Among them, the raid against Nanjih and Tungshan were the largest in size and the lessons and experiences gained the greatest.[…]
4,500 Government troops sailed successively from Kinmen for Nanjih on 10 Oct., 1952. Due to heavy sea, the ships were not moored until 0630, 11 October.

其中以突袭南日、东山规模最大，教训经验也最多。……
1952年10月10日，国军4500余人先后由金门启航前往南日。由于海浪汹涌，直到11日早上6点30分，军舰才靠泊。

[1971，“Armed Forces Reorganization and National Recovery [军队改组与国家复兴]”, in Wen Ha-hsiung（譯者）, A Brief History of the Chinese National Revolutionary Forces [中國國民革命軍簡史]，第2nd版, Taipei: Chung Wu Publishing Co., →OCLC，頁 265:

The Nationalists also carried out guerrilla raids against Communist-held islands. For example, on 11 October 1952 five thousand Nationalist regulars and guerrillas raided Nanri Island, off the southern coast of Fujian.

国民党还对共产党控制的岛屿进行游击袭击。例如，1952年10月11日，5000名国民党正规军和游击队袭击了福建南部沿海的南日岛。

1982，Bruce Swanson，Eighth Voyage of the Dragon: A History of China's Quest for Seapower [龙的第八次航行：中国寻求海上力量的历史]，Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 186:

Fishermen carry a sedan chair and rush to the sea at Nanri Island in Putian, southeast China's Fujian Province, Feb. 22, 2019. This traditional custom named "Chonghai" represents the wishes about the safety of fishermen on the sea and a good harvest in fishing.

2月22日，渔民抬着花轿赶往福建省莆田市南日岛出海。这一传统习俗被称为“冲海”，寄托着对渔民出海平安、渔业丰收的美好祝愿。

2019年February26日，“Traditional custom "Chonghai" of Nanri Island in SE China's Fujian [中国东南部福建省南日岛传统习俗“冲海”]”, in China Internet Information Center，存檔自the original on 2019-04-28:


plaidoyer

In this plaidoyer for culture, I will argue that cultural differences are reflected in language in profound ways […]

2010，Guy Deutscher，Through the Language Glass，Arrow, 出版於 2011，頁 7:


gooner

源自goon (“长时间保持性兴奋而不高潮”) + -er。

I am likely both too repressed and too vanilla to ever be a gooner of any distinction, but the term speaks to the existence of a community of men for whom masturbation is a serious and important aspect of their sexuality.

2018年July18日，John Sherman，“Why Some Guys Like Jerking Off Together”, in BuzzFeed News，存檔自the original on 2022-08-18:

Instead, a gooner remains “deeply in the bliss of masturbation,” Christfister continues, submitting themselves to an unrelenting cycle of tease and denial.

2020年November21日，Michael Stahl，“The Psychedelic Science of 'Gooning' — Or Masturbating Into a Trance”, in MEL Magazine，存檔自the original on 2022-07-03:

By ruining orgasms along the way, a gooner can extend the overall length of their masturbation session.

2022年October3日，Lauren Beller，“G is for Gooning”, in Medium，存檔自the original on 2022-12-22:

"nier automata is a gooner game" you have never played past ending a

This designs really good when you don’t have a gooner in your ear telling you how much they wanna fuck it

when you're childproofing a gooner's phone, remember to block apps like shein, youtube and amazon. they'll go desperately searching for underwear reviews or bra ads just to see an inch of the female form.


byzantine

more byzantine (comparative)
most byzantine (superlative)

Byzantine的大小寫替代形式 (只用於比喻義項)

The result is a byzantine system of government directed by 160 ministers, a structure that absorbs 50 percent of Bosnia’s gross domestic product of $15 billion, according to the World Bank.

结果是，波斯尼亚政府体制如拜占庭般复杂，由160名部长领导，根据世界银行的数据，这一体制占用了波斯尼亚150亿美元国内生产总值的50%。

2008，Dan Bilefsky，“Fears of New Ethnic Conflict in Bosnia”, in New York Times:


era name

Cities were not infrequently named after the era name in which they were founded (e.g., Shaoxing 紹興 in Zhejiang, after the Shaoxing era, 1131-62).

2000，Endymion Wilkinson，“Geography”, in 漢語相關 History: A New Manual，第Rev. & enl.版, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 135:


ham-fisted

源自ham (“火腿”) + fisted (形容词)，可能是比喻人的手部不是手，而像火腿一样笨拙。

more ham-fisted (comparative)
most ham-fisted (superlative)

cack-handed

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

ham-handed

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

heavy-handed

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

mutton-fisted

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

undexterous

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

dexterous

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

skilful

笨拙的，不熟练的，笨手笨脚的

[Stephen] Harper has a few weeks' grace, during which he and his ham-fisted finance minister, Jim Flaherty, can ponder the error of their ways.

2008年December5日，“Everyone benefits from prorogue”, in The Sun Times，卷 156, 期 285, Owen Sound, Ont.: Osprey Media Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 A4，列 1:

In 1973, Sonia Orwell broke David Bowie's heart by refusing him permission to adapt her late husband [George Orwell]'s final novel into a rock musical. She had rebuffed every request since the hamfisted 1956 movie version starring Edmond O'Brien, and was never likely to make an exception for a glam-rock dandy, but he was sorely aggrieved.

2019年November13日，Dorian Lynskey，“Bowie’s Books and Why Bowie Matters review – a manic turnover of new ideas”, in 衛報，倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-07-16:

What an utter farce. Just like DfT [the Department for Transport]'s ham-fisted, blundering ticket office closure programme.

2023年September6日，Nigel Harris，“Comment: Leaderless and Rudderless”, in Rail，期 991, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 3:


ament

源自拉丁語 āmentum (“帶子”)。

柔荑花序 （自18世紀）

[T]he scales of the ament in the salix rosea, rose-willow, grow into leaves; and produce other kinds of monsters.

1789，Erasmus Darwin，The Loves of the Plants，J. Johnson，頁 9:


calcium chloride

The gases passed over a hot roll of copper gauze, then through a weighed calcium chloride tube, which absorbed the water, into an azotometer containing a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide where the nitrogen was measured.

气体通过一卷热的铜丝网，然后通过一根称重的氯化钙管（吸收了水分），进入含有浓氢氧化钾溶液的定氮计，用于测量氮含量。

1885，American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, Volume 30，頁 57:


one-drop rule

一滴血規則（20世紀美國的種族劃分原則，認為對於一個人，只要其有一個祖先有黑人血統，就可以認定這個人是黑人）

[T]he notorious historian William Estabrook Chancellor […] helped assemble a controversial biographical portrait accusing President Warren Harding of covering up his family’s “colored” past. […] Under the one-drop rule of American race relations, Chancellor claimed, the country had inadvertently elected its “first Negro president.”

臭名昭著的历史学家威廉·埃斯塔布鲁克·钱斯勒) […] 帮助创作了一部备受争议的传记，指责沃伦·哈丁总统掩盖其家族的“有色人种”历史。 […] 钱斯勒声称，在美国种族关系的一滴血规则下，美国无意中选出了“第一位黑人总统”。

2008年April6日，Beverly Gage，“Our First Black President?”, in New York Times, retrieved 2017-01-08:


containerised

At the time, international deep-sea shipping remained a loose cargo operation, although BR did seek to influence conversion to unit loads by providing a containerised short sea shipping service between Harwich and Rotterdam in 1968.

2020年May20日，Industry Insider，“An online boost for freight”, in Rail，頁 68:


acescent

借自拉丁語 acēscēns, acēscentis，acēscēre (“變酸”) 的現在分詞，acēre (“是酸的，發酸”) 的起始動詞；對比法語 acescent。

more acescent (comparative)
most acescent (superlative)

The fluid was a pale yellow , thick , creamy - looking substance , of uniform consistency . It had a disagreeable acescent odour, something resembling that of putrecsent milk.

这种液体呈淡黄色，粘稠，呈奶油状，稠度均匀。它有令人不快的发酸气味，有点像腐烂的牛奶。

1826，Michael Faraday，“On Pure Caoutchouc, and the Substance by which it is accompanied in the State of Sap or Juice”, in Quarterly Journal of Science:

All kinds of malt liquor contain […] alcohol or spirit. They are of course weaker than wines, and in general more liable to become flat and acescent from this circumstance […]

1821，Friedrich Accum，A Treatise on the Art of Brewing，London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown，頁 10:


Jehovah

音譯自希伯來語 יְהֹוָה (yəhōwā)，馬所拉文本中聖經希伯來語יהוה（讀法各自紛紜）的發音。馬所拉文本的發音法為所謂的 qere perpetuum（在《塔纳赫》的礼拜仪式中，读出某个书面词时总会用固定的词替换），在本例中是把該詞替換讀成אֲדֹנָי (Adonai，“我的主”)。
在英語中，此詞最早是寫成 Iehoua，出自1530年的廷代爾譯本：
I appeared vnto Abraham Isaac and Iacob an allmightie God: but in my name Iehouah was I not knowne vnto them.（出埃及記 6:3）
廷代爾使用了 Iehouah，而非此前威克里夫譯本的 Adonay。欽定版聖經也在這一節當中使用了全本唯一的 Jehovah，其他地方均作 Lord。楊氏直譯本 (1898) 寫作 Jehovah。新欽定版聖經 (1982) 則使用了 Lord。

/d͡ʒə.ˈ həʊ.və/

2 And God spake vnto Moses, and said vnto him, I am the Lord.
3 And I appeared vnto Abraham, vnto Isaac, and vnto Iacob, by the Name of God Almighty, but by my name IEHOVAH was I not knowen to them.

2 神曉諭摩西說，我是耶和華。
3 我從前向亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各、顯現為全能的神，至於我名耶和華，他們未曾知道。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 6:2–3:

After Serena Williams’ win at Wimbledon today, she will likely say — as she usually does after a big win — “I want to thank Jehovah God.”[…]
“I have to thank Jehovah God for this,” Serena Williams told the crowd after receiving the trophy at the Australian Open in January, her sixth win there.

塞雷娜·威廉姆斯今天在温布尔登取得胜利后，就像她通常在取得重大胜利后说的那样，她可能会说：“我要感谢上帝耶和华。” […]
“我必须为此感谢上帝耶和华，”塞雷娜·威廉姆斯在一月份获得澳大利亚网球公开赛奖杯后对观众说道。这是她在澳网获得的第六个冠军。

2015年July11日，Kimberly Winston，“Serena Williams’ secret weapon: The surprising faith of the Wimbledon champ”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2015-07-14, Acts of Faith:


dyssynchronization

In this report, we describe a patient with a dual-chamber pacemaker with neglected or unresolved dyssynchronization that occurred 2 years after implantation.

在本報告中，我們描述了一位使用雙腔起搏器的患者，該患者在植入 2 年後出現了被忽視或未解決的同步不正確現象。

2014年August27日，Zeynettin Kaya et al.，“Is it a typical crosstalk: Need for re-implantation?”, in Journal of Arrhythmia，卷 31, →DOI:


knocked up

My name is Wendy and I first moved to New York when I was 21 to be a dancer, but I broke my big toe and then I got knocked up by this actor who dumped me to join the Peace Corps, so for the last 16 years I been raising my daughter all by myself and then two weeks ago, she tells me that she is a bisexual and that she hates me more than any person on this planet.

2000，Gina Wendkos，Coyote Ugly (motion picture), spoken by Wendy (Ellen Cleghorne):

I ask him why she doesn't get on methadone while she's knocked up. He says because she not only uses heroin but she's a crystal meth head and a crack head to boot. She got knocked up by a John she picked up one night hooking.

2011，Anna Young，I Hate Myself and Want to Die，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 179:

I walked about the streets where the best shops for ladies were, I haunted the Bazaar like an unquiet spirit, I fagged through the Park again and again, long after I was quite knocked up.

1849 May – 1850 November，Charles Dickens，The Personal History of David Copperfield，London: Bradbury & Evans, […], 出版於 1850, →OCLC:


judging

/ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒɪŋ/

It is the contrasts between blind and self-evident judgings and between blind and correct affective attitudes which provide Brentano with the beginnings of an account of the dynamics of the mind which involves more than merely causal claims.

2004，Dale Jacquette，The Cambridge Companion to Brentano，頁 75:


crimes

'Oh crimes,' muttered Kate, clutching her mother's arm as Captain went up St Martin's Lane and turned into Castle Street, 'He's goin' into Seven Dials.'

2006，Bowering Sivers，Jammy Dodgers Go Underground，頁 138:


esprit de corps

非同化借詞，源自法語 esprit de corps，源自 esprit (“精神”) + de (“的”) + corps (“身體”)。

/ɛˌspɹiː də ˈkɔː/

/ɛˌspɹi də ˈkɔɹ/

Always happening like that. The very moment. Girl in Eustace street hallway Monday was it settling her garter. Her friend covering the display of. Esprit de corps. Well, what are you gaping at?

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 5: Lotus Eaters]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey]，頁 71:

Also, much depended on an exceptional esprit de corps which permeated the whole staff, and achieved miracles of promptitude in such details as engine-changing and the marshalling of trains.

1946 May and June，J. Alan Rannie，“The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine，頁 135:


haos

繼承自英語 house。

這是我的房子。

1999，Trevor Balzer，Pidgin phrasebook，Lonely Planet Publications，頁 27:


leukhæmia

In a brief appendix he details a few cases of leukhæmia, in two of which very notable improvements followed the use of arsenic for a time ; and the examinations of the blood seemed to show that this was due to the arsenic operating harmfully on the white corpuscles.

在一個簡短的附錄中，他詳細描述了幾例白血病病例，其中兩例在使用一段時間的砷後病情得到了非常顯著的改善；而血液檢查似乎表明，這是由於砷對白血球產生了有害作用。

1884，Sidney Coupland，“Anæmia and Allied Conditions”, in The Year‐Book of Treatment for 1884，頁 84:


octroy

繼承自中古英語 octroy，源自中古法語 octroyer，源自古法語 otroiier，源自拉丁語 auctōrizō。authorize 的同源對似詞。

octroys (third-person singular present)
octroying (present participle)
octroyed (past participle)

This is only, as usual, making an individual the scapegoat of an epoch! It is given to no man to octroy the liberty of peoples.

这只是像往常一样，让一个人成为时代的替罪羊！任何人都无权剥夺人民的自由。

1848，Frances Wright，England, the Civilizer: Her History Developed in Its Principles:

Meanwhile, however, preparations were already being made by the imperial court to impose the octroyed constitution (composed by the Interior Minister, Count Franz Stadion) on March 4, 1849, and to dissolve the Parliament on March 7.

但与此同时，帝国法庭已开始准备于1849年3月4日强制实施已得到授权的宪法（由内政部长弗朗茨·施塔登伯爵起草），并于3月7日解散议会。

2008，Oto Luthar，The Land Between: A History of Slovenia，頁 288:


all-night

同類詞：all-day

an all-night party

The former G.E.R. all-night service between Liverpool Street and Chingford, at hourly intervals, is revived.

1961 January，“The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 20:


yapper

狂吠的動物；大聲閒聊的人

If you want your pack to be a deterrent against burglars or muggers, forget about small dogs, yappers though they be. Focus on the larger breeds, particularly working stock with strong instinctual drives.

如果你想讓你的狗群成為防盜或搶劫的威懾力量，那麼就別考慮小狗了，儘管它們很愛吠。你應該關注體型較大的品種，特別是具有強烈本能驅動力的工作犬。

2004，Theresa Mancus，Who moved my bone?: a guide for multi-dog households，頁 25:

I have to admit I would have a lot more tolerance for cell phone yappers on my one-hour train ride to and from work if they were actually learning — instead of yelling […]

我必須承認，如果他們真的在學習，而不是大呼小叫，我會對在上下班一小時的火車車程中對手機大聲閒聊的人有更多的容忍度。


political party

I told the Governors that I had never questioned the capacity or the sincerity or the ability of a man because he belonged to a different political party. No party had an overriding claim to patriotism. The times, I said, demanded that we put away our differences and close ranks in a determined effort to make our system of government function.

我告訴州長們，我從未因為一個人屬於不同的政黨而懷疑他的能力、誠意或才能。沒有哪個政黨擁有壓倒一切的愛國主義。我說，時代要求我們放下分歧，團結一致，堅定不移地努力使我們的政府體系發揮作用。

1971，Lyndon Johnson，“"I feel like I have already been here a year"”, in The Vantage Point，Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 28:


derogation

源自古法語 derogacion（對應法語 dérogation），源自拉丁語 dērogātiō。

/ˌdɛɹəˈɡeɪʃən/

Two sets of Mk. 2 coaches hauled by Class 37s were introduced on peak Rhymney services during the summer. The coaches do not comply with the Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRM) standards and would therefore need a derogation to continue in passenger service after 31 December.

2019 October，Rhodri Clark，“TfW seeks PRM derogation for Class 37 sets”, in Modern Railways，頁 87:


derogant

源自拉丁語 derogans (現在分詞)。

more derogant (comparative)
most derogant (superlative)

arrogant in man and derogant to God


angariate

angariates (third-person singular present)
angariating (present participle)
angariated (past participle)

Howſoeuer, if parting with a peece of money be ſuch a Preſſure to the husband for the Wines wilfulnes, what a miſerable Preſſing Crueltie was that to burne a woman great with Childe, which opening the wombe in the torments , and comming foorth, was Angariated as throwen backe into the fire, to bee conſumed with the Mother?

1609，William Barlow，An Ansvver to a Catholike English-man，London: […] Thomas Haneland for Mathew Law，頁 140:

Wherefore I could not but with Iacobs Angel giue them leaue to prevaile, & yeeld ſo farre unto their earneſt requeſt, that being angariated to goe but one mile, I was notwithstanding content to goe with them more then twaine , preaching(before my departure thence)divers ſermons vnto them.

1635，Iohn Downe，“To the Reader”, in A Treatise of the Trve Natvre and Definition of Justifying Faith， […] Iohn Lichfield for Edward Foreſt，頁 A2:

Therefore,though Chriſt hath commanded his Followers (ſo it be not I ſuppoſe out of his Way) that if any man preſs them to go one mile, they ſhould go two, yet it is not wiſdom in the Church to pretend to, or however to exerciſe, that Power of Angariating men further than their occaſions or underſtandings will permit.

1676，Andreas Rivetus [i.e., André Rivet]，Mr. Smirke, or, the Divine in Mode，頁 12:

Accordingly, he made up his mind to acquire a knowledge of the Hungarian dialects. Later on he sought to do the same with Italian; and he angariated his assistant at the church into becoming interested in the same studies.

1918，“Other Sheep Not of This Fold” (章號 XVII), in Pastor Halloft: A Story of Clerical Life，Longmans, Green and Co.，頁 157:


swanky

swankier (comparative)
swankiest (superlative)

His manner never had been modest or retiring. Now it was unmistakably swanky; he was putting on side to an extent that made fellows who observed him smile and shrug their shoulders.

1930，Frank Richards，The Magnet: Tale-Bearer in Chief:


besuited

Here, besuited men with earpieces ushered us into a black Mercedes with tinted windows. On arrival at our destination, more besuited men with earpieces searched our bags, and made photocopies of my press card.

2010，Andrew Mueller, Douglas A. Martin，I Wouldn't Start from Here:


gelateria

借自意大利語 gelateria，源自 gelato (“冰淇淋”) + -eria。

/dʒəˌlatəˈɹiːə/

/d͡ʒəˌlætəˈɹi.ə/

As such, gelaterie are just as much a part of the Roman experience as the ancient Colosseum and the Forum.

因此，冰淇淋店与古罗马斗兽场和古罗马广场一样，是罗马体验的重要组成部分。

A death-by-chocolate option you are unlikely to find in restaurants but is a speciality in some gelaterie and cafés is the gianduiotto, a little slab of gianduia chocolate ice cream surmounted by a cup of whipped cream.

2006，Damien Simonis，Venice，Lonely Planet Publications, →ISBN，頁 155:

Forty years later, in a bustling downtown with more than its share of students, homeless people and gelaterias, Berkeley Rep occupies two sleek, custom-built theaters.

2008年March2日，Joy Goodwin，“Left Coast Ideas, Floating East”, in New York Times:

Claudia and I are suckers for gelato, and when you walk through Florence, gelaterie are everywhere.

克劳迪娅和我都非常喜欢吃意式冰淇淋，当你走在佛罗伦萨时，你会发现到处都是冰淇淋店。

2013，Jeff Michaud，Eating Italy: A Chef’s Culinary Adventure，Running Press, →ISBN:

While there are still some old-fashioned gelaterie making gelato with natural ingredients such as real fruit and nuts, the majority of places you run into in the more heavily “touristed” areas of town churn their ice cream from premade mixes or buy industrially premade gelato.

虽然仍有一些老式的冰淇淋店使用真正的水果和坚果等天然成分制作冰淇淋，但在城镇中“游客较多”的地区遇到的大多数地方，都是使用预先制作的混合物来制作冰淇淋或购买工业预制的冰淇淋。

2015，Elizabeth Minchilli，Eating Rome: Living the Good Life in the Eternal City，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Griffin, →ISBN，頁 171:


alma mater

源自拉丁語 alma māter (字面意思是“母親的哺乳”)。衍生自歐洲最古老的大學———波隆那大學（博洛尼亞大學）的全稱("Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna")。

almae matres (plural)
alma maters (plural)

/ˌælmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/

/ˌɑːlmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/

I’m in the place where I grew up, where my alma mater is.

我在我成長的地方，也是我的母校所在地。

2021年December29日，Stephen Roberts，“Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 58:


arride

arrides (third-person singular present)
arriding (present participle)
arrided (past participle)

Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of mouldering learning.

1823，Charles Lamb，Essays of Elia: Oxford In The Vacation:


iffy

iffier (comparative)
iffiest (superlative)

dodgy

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

dubious

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

fishy

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

The weather is still iffy for Saturday's rocket launch.

周六的火箭发射天气仍然不太理想。

That potato salad smells a bit iffy. Don't chance it — it's not worth salmonellosis.

土豆沙拉的味道有点怪。别冒险——不值得冒沙门氏菌病的风险。

“He’s underground, anyway, so reception would be iffy.”

2020，N. K. Jemisin，The City We Became，Orbit，頁 416:

"Definitely something iffy, that's for sure.”


Locktober

一項活動或挑戰，參與者在整個十月都將貞操鎖戴在陰莖上，鑰匙通常由其伴侶或支配者保管

It's "Locktober" again, the month where men willingly lock their genitalia up in chastity devices in the hopes of making it "hands-free" for 31 days.

又到了“貞操十月”，在這個月，男人們自願將自己的生殖器鎖在貞操裝置中，希望能在 31 天內“解放雙手”。

2018年October25日，Key Barrett [pseudonym]，“What spending two weeks in a chastity device taught me about my sexuality and my marriage”, in 獨立報，倫敦: Independent News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Male chastity describes the act of attaching a device to your cock that prevents you from masturbating or having sex–this can also be done by your lover or Dom/me in service to them or an event like Locktober. Most chastity devices stop you from being able to get an erection. That's half the fun.

男性禁慾是指將一個裝置安裝到你的陰莖上，以防止你自慰或發生性行為——這也可以由你的愛人或支配者在為他們服務或參加貞操十月等活動時完成。大多數貞操裝置會阻止你勃起。這就是樂趣的一半。

2022年October6日，Demeter DeLune，“How to use a chastity cage (on you or your sub)”, in The Daily Dot，存檔自the original on 2023-08-28:

Just as Halloween decorations at CVS have become the harbinger of fall, an uptick in conversations about male chastity can only mean October—or Locktober—is around the corner.

正如 CVS 的萬聖節裝飾已成為秋天的預兆一樣，有關男性禁慾的討論增多只能意味著十月（或著叫貞操十月）即將來臨。

2023年September30日，Emell Derra Adolphus，“Locktober: How Giving Up Control of Your Penis Can Set You Free”, in The Daily Beast，存檔自the original on 2023-10-05:


underfed

more underfed (comparative)
most underfed (superlative)

[B]ut greater Bombay almost doubles the number of overworked, underhoused and underfed citizens.

但大孟买地区劳累过度、住房不足和营养不良的公民数量几乎增加了一倍。

1969，Allen V. Ross，Vice in Bombay，London: Tallis Press，頁 160:


Paleolithic

We find material evidences of magical practices in the European caves of the Palæolithic age[.]

我们在欧洲旧石器时代的洞穴中发现了施魔法的物证。

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 18:


police station

When the ballots were opened on 19 November, Hsu Hsin-liang’s supporters at a polling station in Chungli City suspected fraud. As the crowd swelled to approximately a thousand, rioting erupted. One protester was killed and the Chungli police station was burned.

11月19日开票时，中坜市投票站内，许信良的支持者怀疑有舞弊行为，现场人数增至近千人，随即爆发骚乱，一名抗议者被杀，中坜警察局被烧毁。

1999，Shelley Rigger，“Political reform under Chiang Ching-kuo (1972-1988) [蔣經國治下（1972-1988）的政治改革]”, in Politics in Taiwan: Voting for democracy [台灣政治：為民主投票]，Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 115:

In trying to stop him from exploiting more children, I was ensuring my parents and my siblings would be ostracised. She begged me not to go to the police station.

为了阻止他继续剥削更多的孩子，我注定要让我的父母和兄弟姐妹被排斥。她恳求我不要去警察局。

2014年August29日，Ruzwana Bashir，“The untold story of how a culture of shame perpetuates abuse. I know, I was a victim [羞耻文化如何助长虐待行为的不为人知故事。我知道，我是一个受害者]”, in The Guardian:


rebase

rebases (third-person singular present)
rebasing (present participle)
rebased (past participle)

When a DLL must be loaded at an address different from its preferred address (because the preferred address is unavailable), the kernel must rebase the DLL, which consists of updating (fixing up) all addresses in the DLL so that they refer to its new location in memory.


retcon

retroactive (“追溯的”) + continuity (“連續性”) 組成的混成詞。retroactive continuity（追溯連貫性）一詞由《群星中队》等超級英雄漫畫的作者 Roy Thomas 推廣開來，他稱這個詞出自一位匿名人士。

補充與修正虛構文學作品中之前已發表的故事：吃書

TLC: What do you say to the Legion fans who have become disenfranchised with the series due to its various retcons and reboots?

TLC：对于《军团》系列因各种吃书和重启而失去兴趣的粉丝，您想对它们说些什么呢？

2003，Glen Cadigan，The Legion Companion，頁 152:

Fans talk of retcon—retroactive continuity—giving information that explains an earlier event, especially seeming plot contradictions or lacunae.

2005，Rhonda Wilcox，Why Buffy Matters: The Art of Buffy the Vampire Slayer，頁 9:

It's a little trick called retcon, short for "retroactive continuity," […]
Yet I'm unsure even Millar is fully aware of the power given him by the retcon.

2006，The Man from Krypton: A Closer Look at Superman，頁 155:


retcon

retcons (third-person singular present)
retconning (present participle)
retconned (past participle)

補充與修正虛構文學作品中之前已發表的故事：吃書

While ‘retconning' the scripts, I came up with a number of theories that throw new light on the Doctor, his past, and various other elements[…]

2003，Jean-Marc Lofficier，The Nth Doctor，頁 5:

A lot of people were like, "Oh, they just retconned their own continuity. They should have used Kyle. I don't like that." So we just threw Kyle in there to say, "No, no, Kyle's still there. He still exists in the animated universe; he's just not stationed on Earth at the moment, regularly."

2004，Eric Nolen-Weathington，Modern Masters Volume 3: Bruce Timm，頁 79:

Retroactive continuity (aka retconning), would reveal that Quicksilver and Scarlet Witch are also Magneto's children, showing that this was a guy who was really committed to his cause

2006, Len Wein, ed., The Unauthorized X-Men: SF and Comic Writers on Mutants, Prejudice, and Adamantium 92:

Luthor appeared a handful of times, Gary "retconned" the Toyman and created Terra-Man, and Superman would get a worthy opponent whenever Len Wein did a fill-in.

2006, Michael Eury, Daniel (CON) Best, Glen (CON) Cadigan, Mike (CON) Esposito, David (CON) Mandel, The Krypton Companion, p. 157:

There’s a note of wistful, wishful thinking in all this retconning of reality — would that we could write a time jump into our own scripts!

2022年January7日，James Poniewozik，“Wondering When the Pandemic Will End? On TV, It Already Has.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


come to mind

comes to mind (third-person singular present)
coming to mind (present participle)
came to mind (past)
come to mind (past participle)

Sarcastic comments came to mind, but I said nothing.

心里涌现出一些讽刺的评论，但我什么也没说。

2001，Bill MacDonald，Patagonian odyssey: a travel memoir，頁 157:


stat

借自拉丁語 statim (“立即”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stat.wav

TBH, I’d get to shopping STAT because these hoodies will for sure sell like hotcakes once season 2 premieres on June 28. So make sure to snag one for yourself before they sell out and mark your calendar for the big day!

老实说，我要马上入手了，因为一旦6月28日第二季首播，这些连帽衫肯定会大卖特卖。所以一定要在售罄之前给自己买一件，并在日历上标记出这一天！

2022年June27日，Megan Uy，“Where to Get That Cute Tie-Dye Hoodie on ‘Only Murders in the Building’（哪里可以买到《破案三人行》中那件可爱的扎染连帽衫）”, in Cosmopolitan:


stat

statistic (“統計量”) 的截斷形式。

stats (third-person singular present)
statting (present participle)
statted (past participle)

stat out

為（遊戲中的怪物等）分配統計數據

收集或解釋相關的統計資料

"I went back and statted that match," Shondell said. "Seventy percent of the points, we either finished them with a kill or making an error. So we were in control, it's just that we weren't in control the way we needed to be on a regular basis."

“我回过头来分析那场比赛的统计数据，”肖德尔说。“其中百分之七十的分数，我们要么扣杀得分，要么犯错。所以我们确实控制了局面，只是控制得不像平时那样。”

2014年September16日，Sam King，“Purdue volleyball notes: Madness in Mackey Arena”, in Journal & Courier:

The most important part of the collection, however, is Howe’s folders of stats. […] All up, he reckons he’s statted over 10,000 Australian matches at all levels. It’s all been digitised now, of course, but to this day Howe maintains a hand-written record.

不过，收藏中最重要的部分是豪的统计数据文件夹。 […] 他估计自己已经共统计了一万多场各级别的澳大利亚比赛。当然，现在这些都已经数字化了，但豪至今仍保留着手写记录。

2015年July27日，Joe Gorman，“The stats guru helping keep alive football history in Australia”, in The Guardian:


manumission

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 manūmissiō。

The most important law of Augustus, was the lex oelia sentia, deserving of all praise, which related to the manumission of slaves.

奥古斯都最重要的法律是《艾里亞·森迪亞法》，值得一切赞扬，该法律与解放奴隶有关。

1867，John Lord，The Old Roman World: the Grandeur and Failure of Its Civilization:

In the west, and especially in Cornwall, the names of the serfs were mainly Celtic,—Griffith, Modred, Riol, and so forth,—as may be seen from the list of manumissions preserved in a mass-book at St. Petroc's, or Padstow.

1881，Grant Allen，章號 19, in Anglo-Saxon Britain:

The more innocent dreamed of a manumission kindly bestowed by the new Emperor as one of a number of acts of justice and clemency proper to a new reign.

1985，Anthony Burgess，Kingdom of the Wicked:

Rather than encouraging his countrymen to liberate their slaves, he opposed both private manumission and public emancipation.

2012年November30日，Paul Finkelman，“The Real Thomas Jefferson: The Monster of Monticello”, in New York Times, retrieved 2015-08-03:


manumit

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 manūmittere，源自前古典時期拉丁語 manū ēmittere (字面意思是“從某人手上發出”)。

manumits (third-person singular present)
manumitting (present participle)
manumitted (past participle)

Turn now to the temperance revolution. In it we shall find a stronger bondage broken, a viler slavery manumitted, a greater tyrant deposed; in it, more of want supplied, more disease healed, more sorrow assuaged.

现在放眼看向禁酒革命。在这场革命中，我们将发现，更强大的束缚被打破，更卑鄙的奴隶制被解放，更强大的暴君被废黜；在这场革命中，更多的贫困会得到满足，更多的疾病会得到治愈，更多的悲伤会得到缓解。

1842年February22日，Abraham Lincoln，“Address Before the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society”, in The Papers and Writings of Abraham Lincoln:

Persons taken in war were considered at the absolute control of their captors, and were therefore, de facto, slaves; and the children of a female slave followed the condition of their mother, and belonged to her master. But masters could manumit their slaves, who thus became Roman citizens, with some restrictions.

战争中的俘虏被视为完全受俘虏他们的人的控制，因此事实上是奴隶；女奴的孩子则与母亲一样，属于主人。但主人可以释放奴隶，这样奴隶就成为罗马公民，但有一些限制。

Ruth wept much but Sara set her beauty to a fierce grimness which, even when, as you shall hear later, she was manumitted, she never entirely lost.

1985，Anthony Burgess，Kingdom of the Wicked，Arbor House Publishing:


dissuader

From all our experience on the subject, Members of Parliament have always been the dissuaders of the attempts of Dissenters; among whom an almost irrepressible impatience and disgust at their and their leaders' apathy have long existed.

1827，The Monthly Repository of Theology and General Literature，頁 303:


principiate

principiates (third-person singular present)
principiating (present participle)
principiated (past participle)

Both the Kingly and Prophetical Offices of Jesus Christ are principiated in this

1654，Edward Leigh，A Systeme or Body of Divinity:


plant milk

Plant milks can, nevertheless, have a dark side, as when any crop is produced in mass quantities.

2020年January29日，Annette McGivney，“Almonds are out. Dairy is a disaster. So what milk should we drink?”, in The Guardian:


mesugaki

借自日語 メスガキ (mesugaki)，源自雌(めす) (mesu，“雌性（動物）”) + 餓鬼(がき) (gaki，“小子”)。此詞於2020年左右開始為英語使用。

WE NEED MORE POKEKID IN EEVEE COSTUME DOUJINS DAMMIT!!
preferably one that presents her as a mesugaki :9

2020年May26日，@harid_ziran，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-18:

Riro quickly became one of the company’s most popular idols due to her gimmick as a “mesugaki” type character.

2023年November28日，Brandon Lyttle，“VTuber Riro Ron terminated for ‘dangerous and harmful’ activities”, in Niche Gamer，存檔自the original on 2023-11-29:

Mutsuki is a brat that like to be suggestive with sensei. She's a mesugaki archetype, one of the more popular one in fact (despite it starting in azur lane)

2023年December25日，@megamega171，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-20:

Youre Oshi is the vtuber who made the loli song playing into the lolicon fetish of the Mesugaki. Dude cant pick a side on this topic.

2024年April16日，@king_of_games34，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-20:


qualifiable

more qualifiable (comparative)
most qualifiable (superlative)

合格的，有資格的，能勝任的

Old entrance requirements which had screened out all but the most highly qualified were revised to include all those who could be considered qualifiable with standard on-the-job-training.

旧的入职要求会筛选掉所有不具备最高资格的人员，但经过修改后，所有经过标准的在职培训而被认为合格的人员都将被纳入其中。


calculant

more calculant (comparative)
most calculant (superlative)

His face is calm, down-sloped, calculant, concerned.

1930，William Faulkner，As I Lay Dying，Library of America, 出版於 1985，頁 97:


cook up

cooks up (third-person singular present)
cooking up (present participle)
cooked up (past participle)

下位詞：whip up

The financiers cooked up an instrument called a collateralized debt obligation.

金融学家们创造了一种名为债务担保证券的工具。

He really cooked up a good one this time, something about an airline disaster.

他这回扯的故事真的有点东西的，说什么空难啥的。

For more than two years Thailand's ruling junta, which seized power in a coup in 2014, has been cooking up a constitution which it hopes will keep military men in control even after elections take place.

2017年January14日，“Thailand's new king rejects the army's proposed constitution”, in The Economist:

"RMT will not sit back while this carve-up of the rail network is cooked up in company boardrooms. [...]".

2021年September8日，“RMT on "war footing" in response to workforce cutback threats”, in RAIL，期 939，頁 15:


tide over

tides over (third-person singular present)
tiding over (present participle)
tided over (past participle)

（在金钱上）帮...撑过困难

Could you lend me ten pounds to tide me over till payday?

你能借我10英镑帮我撑到发工钱吗？

Would a small snack tide you over until dinner?

吃点零食能让你撑到晚饭吗？

Each evening, it was true, when the flare of Fleet Street would have begun really to smoke, she had, in resistance to old habit, a little to hold herself; but for three successive days she tided over that crisis.

In responding, J. P. Knight, the Traffic Manager, emphasised the company's desire to meet the wants of Brighton in every way and to develop traffic, while the question of a reduction in fares would be considered as soon as they had tided over their most pressing difficulties.

1952 December，R. C. Riley，“By Rail to Kemp Town”, in Railway Magazine，頁 832:

I will therefore suggest a way to tide over this difficulty.

2001，Swami Parmeshwaranand，Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas:


sitten

源自中古英語 siten、seten，源自古英語 seten、ġeseten, sittan (“坐”) 的過去分詞。等價於 sit + -en (過去分詞)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 gezeten、德語 gesessen。

more sitten (comparative)
most sitten (superlative)

安定的；靜止的；難以移動或攪亂的

Their fire edge might help to kindle-up old sitten-up professours.

1671，J. Livingston，Let. to Parishoners Ancram 15:


present tense

Animals—lions and zebras and beautiful snakes—live vividly in the present tense, in a bright unconsciousness of time. That is their innocence and their limitation. Humans carry with them their experiences, their pasts; men and women work with a knowledge of consequences and, doing so, impose order on the chaotic present and project consequences into the future.

1998年March30日，Lance Morrow，“The Trouble With The Present Tense”, in Time:


infestant

Fungal spores or other structures produced by some of the pathogens are quite visible to the naked eye. These are mostly found as seed contaminants or seed infestants.

2009，H. Lewin Devasahayam，Illustrated Plant Pathology: Basic Concepts，頁 380:


vagient

源自拉丁語 vagiens，vagire (“哭喊，嚎啕，號叫”) 的現在分詞。

more vagient (comparative)
most vagient (superlative)

哭得像小孩一樣的；嚎啕的

vagient youngling

1629，John Gaule，Practiqve Theories, or Votiue Speculations, vpon Iesvs Christs Prediction, Incarnation, Passion, Resurrection, London:


recapitulant

more recapitulant (comparative)
most recapitulant (superlative)

How do our lives ravel out into the no-wind, no-sound, the weary gestures wearily recapitulant: echoes of old compulsions with no-hand on no-strings: in sunset we fall into furious attitudes, dead gestures of dolls.

1930，William Faulkner，As I Lay Dying，Library of America, 出版於 1985，頁 139:


World War III

於冷戰期間，這個詞暗示著世界的瞬間毀滅。隨著之後發生的各種常規戰爭，這種暗示變得越來越不常見。現在，它更多地被口語化，用來誇大個人爭論，例如核心家庭內部的衝突。

One time ago a crazy dream came to me / I dreamt I was walking into World War Three

1963，Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Talkin' World War III Blues”, in The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan:

And I also wanted to be sure to keep Chiang Kai-shek, who had some notion of starting a World War Number Three, from going into China and doing just that.

1964，Harry S. Truman，片头起2:16, in MP2002-410 Several Cuts of Former President Truman Talking about Wars and Korea，Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

The WOPR [War Operations Planning Response] has already fought World War III as a game time and time again.

1983，Lawrence Lasker, Walter F. Parkes，WarGames，spoken by Paul Richter:


Noel

源自該詞“聖誕節”的意思；使用自中世紀開始，用在聖誕節出生的小孩。

Christmas City

城市名，位於美國密蘇里州。

When Noel came, noisily bursting through the back door with buckets of cleansers and sponges, I introduced myself. "Just call me Noelle," he said of himself. "When I was little they used to call me Noel, Noel, the toilet bowl. Although now I have thought of painting that on the side of my van. It might be good for business? I don't know."

2009，Lorrie Moore，A Gate at the Stairs，Faber and Faber, →ISBN，頁 162:


effected

Their palette was covered with heavily effected guitars, synthetic loops and samples, electronic drums, and cold industrial sound effects.

2000，John Joseph Thompson，Raised by Wolves: The Story of Christian Rock & Roll:


indagator

借自拉丁語 indāgātor (“調查者”)。

For that, being the number of the Elements, Principles, or Materiall Ingredients of Bodies, is an enquiry whole truth is of that Importance, and of that Difficulty, that it may as well deserve as require to be searched into by such skilfull Indagators of Nature as your selves.

1661，Robert Boyle，The Sceptical Chymist [懷疑派的化學家]，頁s 5–6:


recentralize

recentralizes (third-person singular present)
recentralizing (present participle)
recentralized (past participle)

The tendency of the petrostate is to recentralize, petrify and personalize power, said Margarita López Maya, a political scientist who long supported Chávez but is now disillusioned.

长期支持查韦斯但现在已经幻灭的政治学家玛格丽塔·洛佩斯·玛雅表示，石油国家的趋势是重新集权、僵化和权力的个人化。

2007年December3日，Roger Cohen，“The Limits of 21st-Century Revolution [21世纪革命的局限性]”, in New York Times:


cooldown

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cooldown.wav

冷卻時間, 遊戲中持續使用虛擬物品或技能釋放所必須的間隔時間
具有强大效果但冷却时间较长的特殊能力

I had to wait for the cooldown to finish before recasting the spell.

我必须等待冷却时间结束后才能重新施放该咒语。

Private Terminal: After using a power, you must wait for it to recharge before using it again.
Private Terminal: This is called the cooldown period. When a power is in cooldown, its icon is gray. A red icon indicates that the power cannot affect the current target.

2012，BioWare，Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC，幕：Tactical Mastery: Advanced Power Use:


Golan Heights

The agreement to disengage forces in the Golan Heights had been an achievement of substational proportions, and my visit was an opportunity to encourage, support, and nurture the new Syrian-American relationship that Kissinger had begun.

从戈兰高地撤军的协议是一项重大成就，而我的访问则是一次鼓励、支持和培育基辛格开创的叙利亚与美国新关系的机会。

1978，Richard Nixon，RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon，Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 1013:


magic box

The viewer sits in front of the "magic box," being entertained.

觀眾坐在「魔術盒子」前享受著娛樂。

A television program is a magic act. […] It was his [Walter Cronkite's] ability to appear in the magic box that gave him the tremendous authority necessary to lay claim to the absolute truth.

電視節目就是一場魔術表演。 […] 正是他 [華特‧克朗凱特] 出現在魔術盒子中的能力賦予了他宣稱擁有絕對真理所必需的巨大權威。

2009，Marianne van den Boomen，Digital Material: Tracing New Media in Everyday Life and Technology，頁 174:


nosering

On the first wedding night of the marriage ceremony, the husband removes the big nosering of the bride, which is the symbolic representation of the girl being a virgin till that moment.

在婚禮的第一個新婚之夜，丈夫會摘下新娘的大鼻環，這象徵著女孩在那一刻之前還是處女。

1993，Mohsen Saeidi Madani，Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims，M D Publications Pvt Ltd, →ISBN，頁 146:

[…] My mother and grandmother wore nine-yard saris, with heavy anklets, armlets, waist belts and enormous noserings, but they observed all the Jewish rituals.'

2002，Esther David，Book of Esther，Viking, →ISBN，頁 369:

A woman with dyed black hair and a greenstone nosering returns to a story she must have almost finished before I came in.

2007，Kristen Tsetsi，Homefront，Penxhere Press, →ISBN，頁 225:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:nosering。


crew neck

The designer herself was wearing tailored caramel-coloured trousers with a toning crew neck knit, because “it’s work, and I have too much to do to get dressed up”.

設計師本人穿著合身的焦糖色長褲，搭配一件相配的圓領針織衫，因為「這是工作，我有太多事情要忙，沒空精心打扮。」

2017年October2日，潔絲卡特納莫雷，“Stella McCartney lays waste to disposable fashion in Paris”, in 衛報:


crew neck

For a writer celebrated for his control of his characters’ inner lives, for a husband and father notoriously prickly about his expression of the suburban proprieties — the crewneck Shetland sweater and khakis, the plummy faux-Brahmin accent, the adoring Labrador at his feet, the woodpile neatly stacked and grass hand-scythed — here was scandal in full spate, sludge flooding over his family and friends.

對於一位因掌控角色內心世界而廣受讚譽的作家，對於一位因表現郊區禮節而出了名的苛刻丈夫和父親——穿著圓領雪蘭羊毛衫和卡其褲，帶著假裝上層階級的優雅口音，腳邊有一隻崇拜的拉布拉多犬，柴火整齊堆放，草坪由手工割草刀修剪——這裡出現了一場全面的醜聞，污水泛濫，波及他的家庭和朋友。

2009年March15日，傑佛瑞沃爾夫，“Suburban Suffering”, in 紐約時報:


assimulate

源自拉丁語 assimulatus，assimulare 的過去分詞，等價於 assimilare。參見 assimilate。

assimulates (third-person singular present)
assimulating (present participle)
assimulated (past participle)

So that small and little vital Principle of the Fear of God doth gradually and yet suddenly assimulate the actions of our life flowing from another Principle

1684，Matthew Hale，A Discourse of Religion:

You will remember the exact analogy — that trees grow by attracting and assimulating to themselves the terrestrial atmosphere which is thrown from all the planets[…]

1857，Andrew Jackson Davis，The great harmonia: Volume 4，頁 54:


Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

耶和華神便打發他出伊甸園去，耕種他所自出之土。於是把他趕出去了；又在伊甸園的東邊安設基路伯，和四面轉動發火焰的劍，要把守生命樹的道路。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:23–24:

Latter-day Saints know, through modern revelation, that the Garden of Eden was on the North American continent and that Adam and Eve began their conquest of the earth in the upper part of what is now the state of Missouri.

通过现代启示，后期圣徒知道伊甸园位于北美大陆，亚当和夏娃在现在的密苏里州北部开始征服地球。

1943，John A. Widtsoe，Evidences and Reconciliations: Aids to Faith in a Modern Day，Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, ch. 22，頁 127:

Up until two decades ago, the Garden of Eden was, we thought, in Eastern Ontario, where the McIntosh variety happened along. Probably Americans feel you had two Gardens of Eden, the first one being where the Red Delicious was discovered, and the second one, where the Golden Delicious was discovered. The Australians must have thought the Garden of Eden was somewhere in Australia, where the Granny Smith appeared. According to the Bible, however, there was only one Garden of Eden and probably the population explosion started there, but from that time onward, all control was lost of both apple production and population.

直到二十年前，我们还以为伊甸园位于安大略省东部，麦金托什品种就出现在那里。美国人可能觉得有两个伊甸园，第一个是红冠苹果的发现地，第二个是金冠苹果的发现地。澳大利亚人一定以为伊甸园位于澳大利亚的某个地方，格兰尼史密斯苹果出现在那里。然而，根据《圣经》，只有一个伊甸园，人口爆炸可能就是从那里开始的，但从那时起，苹果生产和人口就失去了控制。

1971，Western Fruit Grower，卷 25/26, Western Farm Publications:

“Were there many Gardens of Eden?” Surely! To read only of the biblical Adam and Eve is to grasp the story in this one way. In the hills they speak of the beginning as the time of the giants, another utopia. In eastern heathen lands, surely giants reigned in many Edens.

2001，George Szanto，The Condesa of M.，Cormorant Books Inc., →ISBN，頁 173:

For religious thinkers like William Warren and Landon West, the whole point of Eden was to unify mankind. To have two Gardens of Eden was worse than having none at all.

对于威廉·沃伦和兰登·韦斯特等宗教思想家来说，伊甸园的全部意义在于统一人类。拥有两个伊甸园比没有伊甸园更糟糕。

2011，Brook Wilensky-Lanford，“Practically Paradise”, in Paradise Lust: Searching for the Garden of Eden，Grove Press, →ISBN:


Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

自动机的初始配置，且无法从任何其他状态到达

In this paper the author presents some properties regarding the existence or non-existence of gardens of Eden for the cellular automata.

1986，Patrick Chenin, Claire Di Crescenzo, François Robert，Computers and Computing: Proceedings，頁 181:

I have gotten interested in Garden-of-Eden configurations in Life. All that I have been able to uncover thus far is that there are 2 know configurations:

1989年October20日，Rajeev Pandey，“hints and topics, anyone?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

A configuration e not in the image of τ, namely e ∈ C \\ τ[C] is called a Garden of Eden (briefly GOE) configuration, this biblical terminology being motivated by the fact that GOE configurations only appear as initial configurations.

2004，Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein with Francesca FiorenziandFabio Scarabotti, “The Garden of Eden Theorem for Cellular Automata and for Symbolic Dynamical Systems”, in Random Walks and Geometry: Proceedings of a Workshop at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute, Vienna, June 18 - July 13, 2001，Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →OL:


liquesce

liquesces (third-person singular present)
liquescing (present participle)
liquesced (past participle)

At many points notes liquesce like the liquid letters, so that the interval from one note to another is begun with a smooth glide and does not appear to have a stopping place en route.

2009，Iain Fenlon，Early Music History: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music:


combust

繼承自中古英語 combust (“被燃燒”)，源自古法語 combust，源自拉丁語 combustus，拉丁語 combūrere (“燒掉，燒毀”) 的完成被動分詞。

combusts (third-person singular present)
combusting (present participle)
combusted (past participle)

Brom swore after that he spoke only the truth, the truth that as he sat by my side praying for my soul, my body had combusted into flame, the fire rapidly engulfing my entire being.

The audience combusts.

2012，Oliver Burkeman，The Antidote, Happiness for People who Can't Stand Positive Thinking, →ISBN:


combust

more combust (comparative)
most combust (superlative)

与太阳紧密相连，有时指定在8度30分以内

Guianerius had a patient could make Latin verses when the moon was combust, otherwise illiterate.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, I.iii.1.3:

Who can discern those planets that are oft Combust, and those stars of brightest magnitude that rise and set with the Sun, untill the opposite motion of their orbs bring them to such a place in the firmament, where they may be seen evning or morning.


comburent

[…] the passage for comburent fluid, the opposite sides of the other diaphragm being exposed to the pressure of the combustible fluid on opposite sides of said resistance. 3. Apparatus for maintaining the proportional delivery of combustible fluid and comburent fluid supplied through separate passages to a gas-fired furnace, […]

1919，The Canadian Patent Office Record and Register of Copyrights and Trade Marks:


Cush

kush (“大麻”)的另一種寫法

He loved smoking joints and couldn't handle blunts. […] I also had him backstage smoking Cush with Jeezy and Will.

他喜欢抽大麻烟，抽不来雪茄。 […] 我还让他在后台和 Jeezy 和 Will 一起抽大麻。

2013，Chauncey "Chino Dolla" Stevens, Antoine "Don Twan" Robinson，A Hustler's Dream I: Grinding in Atlanta's Hip Hop Underworld，MasterMind Publishing, Inc., →ISBN，頁 239:

I couldn't work with my hands anymore. To make money I started selling Cush, which was considered to be fake weed. It stopped the pain in my hands. I was addicted to the fake crap. I was smoking more ...

我再也无法用手工作了。为了赚钱，我开始卖印度大麻，人都认它是假大麻。它缓解了我手上的疼痛。我对假大麻上瘾了。我抽的烟越来越多……

2020，Samuel Van Ness IV，A Stranger Within (HC)，Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN，頁 289:

It was June of 2015; we were just smoking Cush with my friends as usual when suddenly something hit me hard on the right ... I thought it was nothings serious, I got up and tried to smoke a gain, but this time it switches up my chest ...

那是2015年6月；我们正像往常一样和朋友们一起抽大麻，突然好像有什么东西重重地击中了我的右侧……我以为没什么大不了的，我站起来并试图抽一根烟，但这一次它却转向了我的胸部……

2021，Okuon Cham，From Hell to Haven; Darkness to Light; Negativity to Positivity; and from Cradle to Salvation, Life Journey，Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:


Kush

來自這種大麻原產地 Hindu Kush 的縮略。

kush的大小寫替代形式

Kush is a pure indica and is a short, compact plant. A two-time winner of the international Cannabis Cup, Kush is very popular among indica growers.

Kush 是纯印度大麻，植株矮小紧凑。Kush 曾两次获得国际大麻杯冠军，在印度大麻种植者中非常受欢迎。

2010，Alicia Williamson，Grow Marijuana Now!: An Introductory, Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Cannabis [现在就开始种大麻！：大麻种植入门分步指南]，頁 95:

This particular type of marijuana is a favorite of the rapper as well as many other weed aficionados. Known for its sweet smell, Kush also packs quite the punch with a high level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

这种大麻是说唱歌手和许多其他大麻爱好者的最爱。Kush 以其甜味而闻名，还含有大量四氢大麻酚 (THC)，冲劲很足。

2009，I. M. Stoned，Weed: 420 Things You Didn't Know (or Remember) about Cannabis [大麻：你不知道（或不记得）的 420 件事]，頁 3:


concomitate

concomitates (third-person singular present)
concomitating (present participle)
concomitated (past participle)

[…] spouting part of the briny Ocean in wantonnesse out of their oylie pipes bored by nature atop their prodigious ſhoulders, like ſo many floating Ilands concomitating us.

1638，Sir Thomas Herbert，Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:


Cain

源自希伯來語 קַיִן (Káyin，“工匠”)，古英語時期已有此詞。

According to the Book of Jubilees Cain got married to his sister Awan.

根据《禧年书》，该隐与他的妹妹阿万结婚。

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to paſſe when they were in the field, that Cain roſe vp againſt Abel his brother, and ſlew him.

該隱與他兄弟亞伯說話，二人正在田間，該隱起來打他兄弟亞伯，把他殺了。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:8，列 2:


land of Nod

原指挪得之地，《創世記》4:16 中提到，該隱謀害其弟亞伯而被上帝放逐後到達的區域。nod 在英語有“點頭、打盹”的意思。這個文字遊戲最早由 喬納森·斯威夫特使用。對照 nod off。

From breakfast on through all the day / At home among my friends I stay; / But every night I go abroad / Afar into the land of Nod.

从早餐开始一整天 / 我都待在家里，和朋友们在一起； / 但每天晚上我都要出国 / 去远方的梦乡。

1885，Robert Louis Stevenson，“The Land of Nod [夢鄉]”, in A Child's Garden of Verses [兒童詩園]:

[…] but she was too tired for anything under heaven to disturb her, and after a moment of wakeful dreaming she was in the land of Nod!

[…] 但是她实在是太累了，天底下没有任何东西可以打扰她，经过片刻的清醒梦后，她就到了梦乡！

1892，Wenona Gilman [pseudonym; Florence Blackburn White Schoeffel]，章號 XXX, in Leonie, The Typewriter，New York: Norman L. Munro:


Enoch

借自晚期拉丁語 Enoch，源自古希臘語 Ἑνώχ (Henṓkh)，源自希伯來語 חֲנוֹךְ (Ḥănôḵ)。

以諾，亞當第三個兒子塞特的子孫，雅列之子，瑪土撒拉的父親，挪亞的曾祖父

Enoch was the son of Jared, and was Noah’s great grandfather.

以諾是雅列的兒子，挪亞的曾祖父。

And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him.

以諾與神同行，神將他取去，他就不在世了。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:24:

以諾，該隱及阿萬的兒子，亞當和夏娃的孫子

And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.

該隱與妻子同房，他妻子就懷孕，生了以諾，該隱建造了一座城，就按著他兒子的名將那城叫作以諾。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:17:


demigrate

源自拉丁語 dēmīgrō。

demigrates (third-person singular present)
demigrating (present participle)
demigrated (past participle)

/ˈdɛmɪɡɹeɪt/

I demigrate into one of these so well architected minsters

1653，W. Heath Robinson，The Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais:


demigrate

取消（如電腦系統的）遷移

The reason is that it is more cost effective to debug and troubleshoot the new environment than to demigrate and lose all the data transactions completed under the new technology.

2002，Charles V. Breakfield, Roxanne E. Burkey，Managing Systems Migrations and Upgrades，頁 196:


Irad

源自希伯來語 עירד。

以拿，以諾的兒子，該隱的孫子

And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:18:


Mehujael

源自希伯來語 מחויאל。

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。


Methusael

源自希伯來語 מתושאל。

瑪土撒利，該隱的玄孫，拉麥的父親

And to Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:18:


Jared

源自拉丁語 Iared，源自古希臘語 Ἰαρέδ (Iaréd)，源自聖經希伯來語 יֶרֶד (yéred)。一般解釋為派生自詞根 י־ר־ד (y-r-d)，與下降有關（參見 Jordan 和 ירדן）；有的說法將《以諾書》解讀為，雅列之所以如此命名，是因为在他的时代，有两百名天使从天上降临到黑门山。也有說法認為派生自詞根 ר־ד־ה (r-d-)，與統治有關。

雅列，亞當的後裔，以諾的父親，挪亞的祖先

And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

雅列生以諾之後，又活了八百年；並且生兒養女。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:19:


interminate

interminates (third-person singular present)
interminating (present participle)
interminated (past participle)

doleful accents of interminated judgments

a. 1656，Bishop Joseph Hall，The Mourner in Sion:


Mekong

大約19世紀，源自泰語 แม่โขง (mɛ̂ɛ-kǒong，字面意思是“母親河”)，縮約自แม่น้ำโขง (mɛ̂ɛ-náam-kǒong)。

湄公河（河名，位於東南亞）

In the isolated villages, some of which are only accessible by boat, most Laotians live off the land. There are huge rice paddies on the fertile banks on the Mekong; rice is the Laotians’ main staple, eaten three times a day here.

在偏远的村庄里，大多数老挝人靠土地生活，其中一些村庄只能乘船到达。湄公河肥沃的河岸上长满了大片稻田；大米是老挝人一日三餐的主要主食。

2023年September1日，“On the Mekong Through Laos [在穿越老挝的湄公河上]”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2023-09-02, Nature and Environment [自然與環境]:


political correctness

The notion of political correctness has ignited controversy across the land. And although the movement arises from the laudable desire to sweep away the debris of racism and sexism and hatred, it replaces old prejudice with new ones.

政治正确这一概念在全国引发了争议。尽管这场运动的初衷是希望扫除种族主义、性别歧视和仇恨，但它却用新的偏见取代了旧的偏见。

1991年May4日，George H. W. Bush，“President George H.W. Bush's commencement address at the University of Michigan [乔治·H·W·布什总统在密歇根大学毕业典礼上的演讲]”, in The Michigan Daily:

I mean, people who talk about political correctness as being a kind of thought police have no idea of what a thought police is. But political correctness does have the same mentality. It means that intellectual argument is doomed. Objective truth simply becomes a thing to jeer at, because obviously there's no such thing as objectivity—unless of course you're politically okay, in which case you can be objective. Any child can see through that, but many adults can't.

我的意思是，那些说政治正确是思想警察的人根本不知道什么是思想警察。但政治正确确实有同样的心态。这意味着知识上的论证注定要失败。客观真理只是被嘲笑的东西，因为显然没有客观性这回事——除非你政治上没问题，这样你就可以客观了。任何孩子都能看穿这一点，但许多成年人却看不透。

2002 October，Christopher Hitchens，“The Power of Facing [面对的力量]”, in The Atlantic:

Political correctness cripples discourse, creates ugly language and is generally stupid.

政治正确会削弱言论、产生丑陋的语言，而且总体来说是愚蠢的。

2004，George Carlin，When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 72:


wumpus

基於早期以文字為基礎的電腦遊戲《Hunt the Wumpus》（1973）。

In addition to the Wumpus, other dangers are lurking: namely deadly pits, and bats that grab the player and drop her in a random cave.

1987，Etienne Wenger，Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems:

A scream occurs when the agent shoots an arrow that kills the wumpus.

2003，Selmer Bringsjord, Michael John Zenzen，Superminds: People Harness Hypercomputation, and More:

In Hunter, towards the end of the game, the player is tracking the wounded wumpus and finds herself in a room of interconnected caves.

2008，Andreas Jahn-Sudmann, Ralf Stockmann，Computer Games as a Sociocultural Phenomenon:


alliteration

借自新拉丁語 allīterātiō，來自allīterātus，來自allīterō，來自拉丁語 ad (“到，朝向，靠近”)和lītera (“字母”)。

/əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/

[əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən]

同類詞：assonance

So fish fury all round, as there has been in the past. And as an aside, that alliteration was, sadly, not mine that of a former political correspondent of the Daily Record, John Deans, and applied to the 'cod wars' with Iceland.

2018年March20日，“Fish fury flares over Brussels Brexit deal”, in ITV:


emunge

借自拉丁語 ēmungō。

emunges (third-person singular present)
emunging (present participle)
emunged (past participle)

擦；弄乾淨（尤其指鼻子）

The moment of inspiration commences — the speaker emunges his nose with all his might - a doleful voice, scarcely audible, something like the melancholy moan of the midnight breeze, which so few have heard, informs you might have supposed destitute of the organs of speech, possesses in some respect the faculties of speaking.

1949，J. D. H. Widdess，An Account of the Schools of Surgery:


stroke of luck

意外的運氣，通常是指好運

What makes this accident so significant is that Hunt's southbound goods train was loaded with ammunition bound for the First World War battle zone. The major stroke of luck was that the 39 trucks loaded with ammunition did not explode as a result of the collision, and that there was no fire from cinders from either engine or from the stoves in the brake vans.

这次事故之所以意义重大，是因为亨特的南行货运列车装载着运往第一次世界大战战场的弹药。幸运的是，39 辆满载弹药的卡车在碰撞中没有爆炸，发动机和制动车厢的炉子产生的余烬也没有起火。

2022年August24日，Bruce Healey，“Wartime tunnel crash: a miraculous escape”, in RAIL，期 964，頁 52:


strike while the iron is hot

strikes while the iron is hot (third-person singular present)
striking while the iron is hot (present participle)
struck while the iron is hot (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-strike while the iron is hot.ogg

用命令式表達時，這個詞有個廣為人知的說法或者諺語：Strike while the iron is hot!
要趁熱打鐵！

趁熱打鐵：抓緊條件有利時行動

We should strike while the iron is hot and order some immediately, before they change the offer.

我们应该趁热打铁，立即订购一些，以免他们改变报价。

The Gap thus stopp'd, with her Army she marcheth to the Cage that kept those Birds, whose Wings she would be clipping. She knew if she struck not while the Iron was hot, the heat of a popular Faction would quickly sink and lessen.

c. 1620s，Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary]，The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] ，London: A.G. and F. P., 出版於 1680，頁 41:


make hay while the sun shines

潮湿的天气会破坏干草的收成。农民必须抓住干燥的天气机会进行干草收割（割草、晾干、收集）。特别是在中世纪，提前几天预报天气笔现在更加困难，因此这一点尤为重要。这个短语最早的记录在1546年，原是都铎式表达，最早的比喻使用出现在1673年。

makes hay while the sun shines (third-person singular present)
making hay while the sun shines (present participle)
made hay while the sun shone (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-make hay while the sun shines.ogg

這個短語的命令式可用作諺語。

趁熱打鐵；抓緊有利情況採取行動

Until the mid-2010s, the ROSCOs 'made hay while the sun shone', taking advantage of growing passenger demand and expanding services to find homes for their rolling assets - in some cases, well beyond their expected design lives.

2023年June28日，Ben Jones，“Are we getting rid of our (still useful) rolling stock too early?”, in RAIL，期 986，頁 28:


make hay

makes hay (third-person singular present)
making hay (present participle)
made hay (past participle)

I suggested that this was a mistake, particularly at a time of national crisis on the railways, because it opened the way for critics of the railway to make hay - which Institute of Economic Affairs Director Richard Wellings duly did in an anti-rail article in the Daily Telegraph.

我认为这是个错误，特别是在国家铁路面临危机的时候，因为这为铁路批评者大肆批评打开了大门——经济事务学会会长理查德·威林斯在《每日电讯报》发表的一篇反铁路文章中就是这样做的。

2021年January27日，Christian Wolmar，“Little-used stations”, in RAIL, issue 923，頁 46:


nosepicker

But as I got older and saw more of the world, I soon discovered that nosepickers weren't all that uncommon; and, in fact, were a lot more common than I could've ever imagined.

但随着我长大，见识了更多的世界，我很快发现挖鼻孔的人并不罕见；事实上，他们比我想象的要常见得多。


give birth

gives birth (third-person singular present)
giving birth (present participle)
gave birth (past)
given birth (past participle)

She gave birth to a beautiful baby girl.

The case of a woman named Qu Hua from Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, illustrates this possibility. She married a worker named Xu Baocheng in 1980, and they got along very well until she gave birth to a girl. Then Xu immediately began to beat Qu, and forced her and the baby to live in a small shack.

黑龙江齐齐哈尔市屈华女士的案例就说明了这种可能性。1980年，屈华与一名名叫徐宝成的工人结婚，两人相处得很好，直到屈华生下一个女儿。徐宝成很快便开始殴打屈华，并强迫她和孩子住在一间小棚屋里。

1988，Emily Honig, Gail Hershatter，“Divorce”, in Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980's [个人之声：八十年代的中国女性]，Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 219:

The rest of the Orville's crew underwent changes as well. Bortus' beliefs were challenged when he gave birth to a daughter - on Moclan society, males are the dominant species and females must undergo a mandatory sex change.

奥维尔号的其他船员也经历了变化。柏图斯的信仰在生下一个女儿后受到了挑战——在莫克兰人的社会，男性是主导物种，女性必须接受强制性变性。

2022年June1日，Collier Jennings，“'The Orville': Everything You Need to Know Before Season 3 [《奥维尔号》：第三季前你需要知道的一切]”, in The Collider:


give a shit

gives a shit (third-person singular present)
giving a shit (present participle)
gave a shit (past)
given a shit (past participle)

/ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-give a shit.wav

主要用于否定或疑问语境中，如“你认为我在乎吗？”；換句話說，這個詞通常是“否定有极项”（negative polarity item）。

用来表达对他人的态度或行为的漠不关心或无视。

在乎，在意，理會（尤指別人的想法或行為，尤其是他们对说话者的看法或说法）

You're going to get me fired? I don't give a shit!

你要让我被解雇？我才不在乎呢！

"Do it badly," said the man, "who cares? Who gives a shit?"

“不必苛求，”男人說道，“又有誰會在乎呢？根本不會有人當回事兒。”

1982，Douglas Adams，Life, the Universe and Everything，頁 114:

There are some people who still hitchhike, although not as many as before. A lot of folks gave the practice up after being buried in shallow graves near the side of the road. But here's some fun you can have in case you still like to get out and hoist a thumb.[...]Or, when the guy stops, don't say anything; just jump in and sit down. When he says, "Where you going?" say, "I don't give a shit. Let's just ride around. I'm off till Thursday." Then make a lot of motor noises with your mouth.

1997，George Carlin，“Hitchhiking Fun”, in Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 222: