latus

源自 拉丁語 latus (“side”)，源自 原始意大利語 *tlātos，源自 原始印歐語 *tl̥h₂tós，源自 *telh₂-。


nebula

借自拉丁語 nebula (“小雲，薄霧”)。與古希臘語 νεφέλη (nephélē, “雲”)、德語 Nebel (“薄霧，星雲”)、古諾爾斯語 nifl、波蘭語 niebo (“天空”)、俄語 не́бо (nébo, “天空”)同族。

nebulae (plural)
nebulas (plural)
nebulæ (plural)


facies

借自拉丁語 faciēs (“形式，構造，形象；面孔，面容，容貌”)。face的同源對似詞。

costive facies

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


prescription

/pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/


surgery

來自中古英語 surgerie，來自古法語 surgerie，來自拉丁語 chirurgia，來自古希臘語 χειρουργία (kheirourgía)，來自χείρ (kheír, “手”) + ἔργον (érgon, “工作”)。chirurgy的同源對似詞。

operating room, operating theatre, theatre, bright lights and cold steel

Surgery is often necessary to prevent cancer from spreading.

为防止癌症扩散，手术通常是必需的。


materia medica

來自拉丁語 materia (“材料”) + medica，來自medicus (“醫學的”)


broma

源自古希臘語 βρῶμα (brôma, “食物”)。

(我們能否查找並添加Dunglison引用過本詞的語句？)


conservative

借自中古法語 conservatif，來自拉丁語 cōnservō (“儲存”)。等同conserve + -ative。

more conservative (comparative)
most conservative (superlative)

Operative treatment should be reserved for those patients in whom conservative treatment has failed and who are motivated with regard to sports.

2000, G. Puddu et al., “Achilles Tendon Injuries”, 出自 The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine, →ISBN，頁號 200:


immunology

Obviously, licentiates to practice medicine should receive instruction of a definite and practical nature in this important branch of modern medicine, or immunology should receive a place in the classification of specialties, a fact which the importance of the subject may command.

1915, Benjamin Abraham Thomas, Applied Immunology:


insomnia

源自拉丁語 in- (“没有，无”) + somnus (“睡眠”, 名词) + -ia。

My mother suffers from insomnia.


ecstasy

源自古法語 estaise (“狂喜”)，源自拉丁語 ecstasis，源自古希臘語 ἔκστασις (ékstasis)，源自ἐξίστημι (exístēmi, “取代”)，源自ἐκ (ek, “出，外”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “站”)。

ecstacy, exstacy, exstasy, extacy, extasy

The instant I drew out my case of instruments, the lady roused herself from her ecstasy, and has never had a similar attack.

1822 April, John Ware, “Dr. Reid's Essays on Hypochondriasis”, 出自 The New-England Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 卷 11, 號 2，頁號 185:

Ecstasy bears a strong resemblance to catalepsy: in both cases the patients, during the paroxysm, lose all connexion with the physical world, being deprived of sense and voluntary motion; but in ecstasy, associations of the most pleasing and enchanting nature are established with an ideal existence in an unknown region, which might perhaps be poetically designated the fairy land of an undescried Elysium.

1835 May 2, Andrew Ellis, “Clinical Lecture on a case of Catalepsy, Occurring in the Jervis-Street Hospital, Dublin”, 出自 The Lancet, 卷 2，頁號 130:

In ecstasy the mind is absorbed with some fixed idea, generally of a religious character, and the patient becomes oblivious of surrounding events and objects.

1885, James Ross, Handbook of the Diseases of the Nervous System，頁號 344:


palliative

源自中古法語 palliatif，源自新拉丁語 *palliātīvus，源自中世紀拉丁語 palliō (“遮盖”)，源自拉丁語 pallium (“披风”)。

more palliative (comparative)
most palliative (superlative)


palliative

治标的事物，尤指治标药物

The radiation and chemotherapy were only palliatives.

放疗和化疗只是治标手段。

Mary heard with sorrow, and fear also, of the projected journey; but the altered expression of Isabella's countenance was a great palliative—dreadful as it was that her husband should love another...

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 XXVIII, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁號 66:


stethoscope

借自法語 stéthoscope，由听诊器发明者，雷奈克医生所造，等价于stetho- + -scope。


complexion

源自中古英語 complexion (“气质，性格”)，源自古法語 complexion（法語 complexion），源自中世紀拉丁語 complexiō (“气质，性格”)，源自complector，complexus (“缠绕，围绕”)的过去分词。

体液学说中，4种体液所构成的“气质”

Ne ever is he wont on ought to feed / But todes and frogs, his pasture poysonous, / Which in his cold complexion doe breed / A filthy blood […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto X”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC:


relapse

源自拉丁語 relapsus，relabi (“向后滑，掉回”)的过去分词，源自re- (“反，往后”) + labi (“滑，落”)。

反复，复发，恶化 （在好转一段时间后）


senile

1660年代借自法語 sénile，來自中古法語 senile，來自古法語 senile，來自拉丁語 senīlis (“屬於或與老年有關的”)，來自senex (“老人”)，源自原始印歐語 *sénos (“老的”)。

Seniles differ markedly in their early adult intelligence level, and in their social, vocational, and educational histories.

1979, Oscar J. Kaplan, Psychopathology of Aging，頁號 54:


sedentary

源自中古法語 sédentaire，源自拉丁語 sedentārius (“坐着的”)，源自sedeō (“坐”)。

more sedentary (comparative)
most sedentary (superlative)

[…]the Egyptians; whose Sages were not sedentary, scholastic Sophists, like the Grecian[…]

1765 [1738], Bishop William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated，頁號 220:

[…]that any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect, that the body as well as the mind should be cultivated[…]

1844 October 3, Benjamin Disraeli, The Acquirement of Knowledge, An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Athenæum:


coccyx

拉丁語 coccyx，源自古希臘語 κόκκυξ (kókkux, “布穀鳥”)，因從側面看起來像布穀鳥彎曲的嘴喙而得名。

He lands on the concrete path and bounces on his coccyx, which cracks the base of his spine.

2018, Richard Powers, The Overstory, Vintage (2019)，頁號 129:


ice cap

發燒時放在額頭上的冰袋。[自19世纪]

After the use of ice caps for some days it is well to provide cool bathing for the head, at least three times daily.

1903, Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery (volume 14, page lii)


accelerator

* 1611年初次使用。
* (機動車)： 1900年首次使用。
* accelerate + -or


contraindication

/ˌkɒntɹəɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/


washout

wash out 的動詞派生詞。

washaway

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠

冲洗；冲洗液；冲洗出的物体

a bladder washout


clinical

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)


discography

/ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939, Alfred L. Kroeber, “Objectives”, 出自 Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America, 出版於 1963，頁號 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。


foment

源自中古英語 fomenten，借自古法語 fomenter，源自晚期拉丁語 fomentare，源自拉丁語 fōmentum (“润肤液”)，源自fovere (“加热；珍爱”)。

The maid had entered with us, and began once more to foment the bruise upon her mistress's brow.

1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Abbey Grange, Norton (2005), page 1178,


fulminating

more fulminating (comparative)
most fulminating (superlative)


foudroyant

more foudroyant (comparative)
most foudroyant (superlative)


hexavalent

六價的（包含6種病毒株的）


heterochromia

异色症； 瞳孔异色症，异瞳


hyperthyroidism

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/


macrophallus

macropenis, megalophallus, megalopenis, megaphallus, megapenis


palpable

more palpable (comparative)
most palpable (superlative)


passage

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 passage，源自 passer (“通過”)。

将病原体或干细胞等物质通过宿主或媒介传递

He passaged the virus through a series of goats.

他将病毒传染给了一系列山羊。

After 24 hours, the culture was passaged to an agar plate.

24小时后，将培养物传代至琼脂平板。


pussy

pussier (comparative)
pussiest (superlative)


blistering

发疱疗法 （在皮肤上引起水疱来加速血流帮助愈合的疗法）

Inflammations are treated generally by allopathic practitioners by bleedings, blisterings, purgings, vomitings, Antimony and Mercury: and this is practised, more or less, with little variation, wherever the seat of the inflammation may be.

1852, The American Journal of Homoeopathy, 卷s 7-9，頁號 99:


preceptor

源自中古英語 preceptor、preceptur，源自拉丁語 praeceptor (“命令者；指示者”)，源自动词praecipiō + -or (施动者名词后缀)，源自prae- (“预先”) + capiō (“拿，得到，吸收；理解”)。

（训练学生或护士的）医师 （自19世纪）

同類詞： orientee


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

attain, come by, earn, gain, obtain, procure, secure, win


EMS

emergency medical service：向公众提供紧急医疗服务的组织，通常为政府的一部分。


bioavailability

生物利用度 食物與營養補充品中所含營養素的吸收程度

poor/low oral bioavailability

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


depolarization

降低極性的行為或結果： 去極化


stunting

由於長期營養不良造成的發育遲緩。

Hence happens the frequent stuntings, blighting, and destruction of young trees […]

1759, James Justice, The British Gardener's Calendar


die

源自中古英語 deyen，源自古英語 dīeġan和古諾爾斯語 deyja，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *dawjan (“死”)。取代了古英語 sweltan，其派生出现代英语 swelt。

bite the dust, bite the big one, buy the farm

meet one's maker, be a stiff, push up the daisies, hop off the twig, kick the bucket, shuffle off this mortal coil, join the choir invisible

死 后接from，一般用法，表示死因，但更常用于医学语境或科学语境：

He died from heart failure.

She lived several weeks; but afterwards she died from epilepsy, to which malady she had been previously subject.

1865 March 4, British Medical Journal，頁號 213:

"Or all of them will die from the plague. Even if most of the candidates succumb […]"

2007, Frank Herbert, Kevin J. Anderson, Sandworms of Dune, Tor, 出版於 2007，頁號 191:


adaptogen

借自俄語 адаптоген (adaptogen)，由蘇聯科學家 N.V. Lazarev 命名，等同於adapt + -o- + -gen。


MRI

When the delirium stopped and it was safe to take Versed, her doctors doped her up and she managed to endure the MRI, on condition that I remain with her all the time. They MRIed her skull for thirty minutes, and two days later MRIed her spine for an hour.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN，頁號s 99–100:

Remarkably, no one to that point had suggested MRIing my leg, which is where my pain actually was. Everyone surmised that the issue was really in my back. Dr. Smith scheduled an MRI for that very day.

2014, Mark Herzlich, What It Takes: Fighting For My Life and My Love of the Game, New York, NY: New American Library, →ISBN，頁號 74:


suppository

繼承自中古英語 suppositorie，來自盎格魯-諾曼語，來自中世紀拉丁語 suppositorium，來自晚期拉丁語，suppositorius (“放置下面”)的中性，來自拉丁語 supponere (“放置下面”)。

/səˈpɑzɪˌtɔɹi/


bicornuate

more bicornuate (comparative)
most bicornuate (superlative)


traumatic

來自拉丁語 traumaticus，來自古希臘語 τραυματικός (traumatikós)，來自τραῦμα (traûma)。

more traumatic (comparative)
most traumatic (superlative)

/tɹɔːˈmætɪk/


traumatic

/tɹɔːˈmætɪk/


speculum

源自拉丁語 speculum (“鏡子”)，源自specere (“看見，看著”) + -ulum (“工具名詞後綴”)。


talpa

源自拉丁語 talpa (“鼴鼠”)。taupe的同源對似詞。


abscessed

more abscessed (comparative)
most abscessed (superlative)

膿腫的、生膿瘡的 （首次記錄於19世紀中期）

The sore was abscessed and filled with pus.


vulnus

But for the veterans in the Pannonian legions, their vulnera were no longer their tokens of honour, but an indication of the severity of service in the army.

1999, Acta classica (volumes 42-43, page 89)


-ee

源自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 -ee、法語 -é、-ée，构成以-er结尾的动词的过去分词的后缀。-ate的同源對似詞。

-ed

添加至及物动词后表示该动词的接受者，受动者。

-er

添加至及物动词后表示该动词的接受者，受动者。

-or

用于构成表示合同或其他交易的另一方，与以-or结尾的一方相对。

用于构成表示经历了某种医学过程的人的名词。

laryngectomy (“喉头切除术”) + -ee → laryngectomee (“喉头切除患者”)


c̄

源自拉丁語 cum 的縮寫。


exclave

器官分離出去的部分，如胰腺、甲狀腺。


antiscorbutic

more antiscorbutic (comparative)
most antiscorbutic (superlative)


micropenis

macropenis, macrophallus, megalophallus, megalopenis


macropenis

macrophallus, megalophallus, megalopenis, megaphallus, megapenis

Russell-Silver syndrome […] is characterised by IUGR, small triangular facies, hemihypertrophy, clinodactyly, occasionally macropenis with or without precocious puberty, and sometimes GH deficiency.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2001, Desai, Meena P., Vijayalakshmi Bhatia & P.S.N. Menon, Pediatric Endocrine Disorders (page 60)

Boys develop a macropenis usually by 2 to 3 years of age and undergo premature sexual development with growth of pubic and axillary hair and appearance of adult body odor[…]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2002, Ronald G. Davidson, PDQ Medical Genetics (page 88)


stem cell

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and to produce numerous differentiated cell types, and are directly responsible for generating and maintaining tissues and organs.

2002, Haifan Lin, "The stem-cell niche theory: Lessons from flies," Nature Reviews: Genetics, vol 3, p. 931,


thalassotherapy

同類詞： halotherapy


therapeutic

源自新拉丁語 therapeuticus (“治療的”)，源自古希臘語 θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós, “幫助的，熱情的，治愈的”)，源自θεραπευτής (therapeutḗs, “侍者”)，源自θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “服侍，服務；治愈”)。

/θɛɹəˈpjuːtɪk/


apoplexy

晚期中古英語詞彙，源自古法語 apoplexie，源自晚期拉丁語 apoplexia，源自古希臘語 ἀποπληξία (apoplēxía, “瘋狂；中風，麻痺，癱瘓”)，源自ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō, “因中風而致殘”) + -ία (-ía, 名詞後綴)。參見plague。

因中風而導致的意識或行動能力喪失 內出血


carus

源自古希臘語 κάρος (káros, “沉睡”)。


blood work

Some medications require blood work to monitor for possible side effects.

有些药物需要患者做血液检查，来监测可能的副作用。

2012, William Marchand, Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Your Guide to Recovery，頁號 275:


stunted

more stunted (comparative)
most stunted (superlative)


transplant

繼承自中古英語 transplaunten，源自古法語 transplanter，源自晚期拉丁語 transplantare，等價於 trans- + plant。


succus

拉丁語 succus (“果汁，汁液”)。

從植物榨出、供藥用的汁液


tophus

借自拉丁語 tophus (“石頭”)。


parasomnia

源自para- (“超越，在...之上；异常”) + 拉丁語 somnus (“睡眠”)。


brain drain

英國皇家學會的發言人最早在20世紀50年代早期使用這個詞，用來描述科學家、技術專家外流到美國和加拿大的情況。


acidaemia

The development of marked metabolic acidaemia during labour occurs in about 20% of high-risk pregnancies, which is eight times higher than in normal pregnancies.
大约20%的高危妊娠会在分娩过程中出现明显的代谢性酸血症，这一比例是正常妊娠的八倍。

1999, Balen, Broughton Pipkin, Calder, et al, Dewhurst's textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology for postgraduates: Sixth edition, page 274:


antagonized

more antagonized (comparative)
most antagonized (superlative)


suicider

Most often discussion would take place during the planning stages or while the suicider is making his preparations, that is, before suicidal steps have actually been taken. […] A suicide intervener in real life (if he had the nerve) could have a similarly calm discussion with a suicider who had taken an overdose […]

1995, Gavin Fairbairn, Contemplating suicide: the language and ethics of self-harm，頁號 172:


hypercalcemia

hyper- + calcemia = hyper- + calc- + -emia


hypocalcemia

hypo- + calcemia = hypo- + calc- + -emia


hypokalemia

hypo- + kalemia = hypo- + kal(ium) + -emia


normocalcemia

normo- + calcemia = normo- + calc- + -emia。


aphonia

源自古希臘語 ἀφωνία (aphōnía, “無話”)。


debilitant

致人虛弱的物質；過度興奮的補救藥物


luxation

lens luxation ― 晶状体脱位

The fore-arm, in this luxation, is in a state of half-flexion

前臂在这种脱位状态下处于半屈曲状态

1818, Samuel Cooper, A Dictionary of Practical Surgery:

a laterally bowed distal femur might allow medial patellar luxation. As this repeatedly luxates, the medial trochlear ridge may become worn down, thereby increasing the frequency of luxation.

股骨远端横向弯曲可能会导致髌骨内侧脱位。当反复脱位时，内侧滑车脊可能会磨损，从而增加脱位的频率。

2000, Hamish Denny, Steve Butterworth, A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery:


pulmonary docimasia

lung float test

用顯微鏡對死嬰的肺部進行醫學檢查，以確認是否有空氣進入其中，從而判斷是否為殺嬰案