tomahawk

借自東阿爾岡昆語支 ，有可能是波瓦坦語 tumahák；對照馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語 tomhikon (“斧”)、阿貝納基語 temahigan、demahigan (“斧”)。

由一个半圆和两条线段组成的几何结构，用作三等分角的工具；因其与美洲印第安人斧头的相似而得名。


cap

源自中古英語 cappe，源自 古英語 cæppe，源自晚期拉丁語 cappa。cape、chape和cope 的同源對似詞。

球面或其他凸面的一部分。


icositetrahedron

icositetrahedra (plural)
icositetrahedrons (plural)


isotropy

down this road, as they watched, came a wagon, then a couple of riders, then a coach and another wagon, in daylight which slowly lost its stark isotropy and was flowed into by clouds and chimney smoke and even episodes of weather

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 478,


catenoid

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catenoid.wav

懸鏈面，懸鏈曲面，懸索曲面


heptagon

16世紀以後，來自古希臘語 ἑπτάγωνον (heptágōnon)，來自ἑπτά (heptá，“七”) + γωνία (gōnía，“角”)。相等於hepta- + -gon。


hyperbola

源自古希臘語 ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ)。hyperbole 的同源對似詞。

hyperbolas (plural)
hyperbolae (plural)
hyperbolæ (plural)

像許多以非無聲 h 開頭但重音落在第二個音節的詞彙一樣，有些人在 hyperbola 之前使用 an 作為不定冠詞，有些人則使用 a。


megagon

Find the constant of proportionality for a decagon, kilogon, and megagon.

尋找十邊形、一千邊形、一百萬邊形的比例常數

1999，Mark Dugopolski，College Algebra and Trigonometry，頁 505:

[…] 1000000 sides (a "regular megagon") […]

[…] 一百萬條邊（“正一百萬邊形”） […]

A megagon is close to the perfection of a circle — a kind of generational transmutation.

2007, Arthur Greenberg, From Alchemy to Chemistry in Picture and Story


polygon

來自古希臘語 πολύγωνον (polúgōnon)，來自πολύς (polús，“多”) + γωνία (gōnía，“角”)。

這樣一個圖形的內部的整體


Pythagorean theorem

以傳統上認為提出此定理的古希臘數學家 Pythagoras（来自古希臘語 Πυθαγόρας (Puthagóras)）命名。

Baudhayana theorem

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

Gougu theorem

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

The Pythagorean theorem only applies to right triangles.

畢氏定理只適用於直角三角形。


explementary angles

一對總和為360度的角，共軛角


great circle

great-circle arc

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。


triangulation

People determining the width of a river by triangulation (sense 1):Template:refn
A triangulation (sense 4) of the surface of a torus
源自中世紀拉丁語 triangulātiōnem (“三角化”)，來自triangulāre (“分成三角形”) + -tiōnem (後綴，形成某些行為或行為結果有關的名詞)。Triangulāre源自triangulāris (“三角形的”)，來自triangulus (“三角形的；三角形”)，來自trēs (“三”) + angulus (“角；角落”)。英語單詞可分析為triangulate + -ion，與法語 triangulation同源。

/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/

/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/

將平面物體細分為三角形，進而使更高維度的幾何物體變為單體

Regular triangulations are a class in-between lifting and lexicographic triangulations. Their main draw-back in the context of this paper is that regularity depends on the specific realization and not only on the oriented matroid.

2002 March，Francisco Santos，“Triangulations of Oriented Matroids”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，卷 156, 期 741, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, chapter 5 (Lifting Triangulations)，頁 59:

A triangulation of a point configuration #92;mathbf#123;A#125;#92;in#92;mathbb#123;R#125;ᵈ is a collection of d-simplices all of whose vertices are points in #92;mathbf#123;A#125; that satisfies the following two properties: 1. The union of all these simplices equals conv(#92;mathbf#123;A#125;). (Union Property) 2. Any pair of these simplices intersects in a common face (possibly empty). (Intersection Property)

2010，Jésus A[ntonio] De Loera, Jörg Rambau, Francisco Santos，“Triangulations in Mathematics”, in Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics; 25)，Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, definition 1.0.1，頁 1:


more 3-dimensional (comparative)
most 3-dimensional (superlative)


digon

源自di- (表示“二”的前綴) + -gon (用於表示含有某一數量角度的形狀的後綴)。

They [the students] also came upon new and unusual mathematical figures: the digon, a two-sided polygon on a spherical space, and the apeirogon, an open polygon with infinitely many sides […]。All these discoveries brought up even more questions. Is a circle a polygon? What makes an octagon an octagon – its eight vertices, its eight sides, or both? Can a polygon cross itself? Does a polygon need to be closed?

2013，Brent Davis，Moshe Renert，章號 6, in The Math Teachers Know: Profound Understanding of Emergent Mathematics，New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, →ISBN，頁 102:


trapezium

最早記錄出現在1570年，古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 trapezium，源自古希臘語 τραπέζιον (trapézion，“不規則四邊形的”，字面意思是“小桌子”)，τράπεζα (trápeza，“桌子”)的指小詞。trapeze 的同源對似詞。

(几何学)： 對比世界上其他地方，只有美國和加拿大在 trapezium 和 trapezoid 的釋義上發生了互換。

不規則四邊形（沒有邊平行或相等）


right-angled triangle

right-angled triangle 在英國更常用，美國則多用 right triangle。


right triangle

right triangle 在美國更常用，英國則多用 right-angled triangle。


cathetus

源自拉丁語 cathetus，源自古希臘語 κάθετος (káthetos，“垂直的”)。


octadecagon

A regular octadecagon cannot be constructed using a compass and straightedge.

無法用圓規和直尺畫出正十八邊形。


icosidodecahedron

icosidodecahedra (plural)
icosidodecahedrons (plural)


cuboctahedron

cuboctahedra (plural)
cuboctahedrons (plural)


triacontagon

源自古希臘語 τρῐᾱ́κοντᾰ (trĭā́kontă) + -gon。


myriagon

For it differs in no way from the representation I should form if I were thinking of a myriagon, or any figure with very many sides.

1998, Réné Descartes, Meditations (translated by Desmond M. Clarke; Penguin 2003; p.58)


explementary

Two angles whose sum is a circle (360°) are explementary angles, and either is the explement of the other.

兩個角度總和為周角（360°）的角是一對共軛角，互為對方的輔角。

2002，Nathaniel Bowditch，American Practical Navigator，頁 317:


icosihenagon

源自古希臘語 εἰκοσιέν (eikosién，“二十一”) + -gon。


heptadecahedron

heptadecahedra (plural)
heptadecahedrons (plural)


hexadecahedron

hexadecahedra (plural)
hexadecahedrons (plural)


enneadecahedron

enneadecahedra (plural)
enneadecahedrons (plural)


tetradecahedron

tetradecahedra (plural)
tetradecahedrons (plural)


-gon

借自古希臘語 γωνία (gōnía，“角落，角度”)，源自原始印歐語 *ǵónu (“膝蓋”)。

組成多邊形的名稱（前接古希臘語數字）。如果數字足夠大，也可以直接加在本後綴前。

五邊形有五條邊。

十七邊形


chiliahedron

chiliahedra (plural)
chiliahedrons (plural)


tridecahedron

tridecahedra (plural)
tridecahedrons (plural)


pentadecahedron

pentadecahedra (plural)
pentadecahedrons (plural)


octadecahedron

octadecahedra (plural)
octadecahedrons (plural)

The cell structure was considered to consist of spherical holes but for the purposes of calculation, the cells were assumed to be octadecahedra. ln this model, a compressive force along the principal axis of the octadecahedron and parallel to.

1974，International Polymer Science and Technology，頁 202:

In fact the structure of 2 can be related to the octadecahedron and the pentacapped trigonal prism in an interesting fashion


deltoid

源自拉丁語 deltoideus，源自古希臘語形容詞 δελτοειδής (deltoeidḗs)。參見δέλτα (délta)。