Dutch

原始印歐語詞
 *tewtéh₂
來自中古英語 Duch (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)，來自中古低地德語 dütsch, düdesch (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)和中古荷蘭語 dūtsch、duutsc (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *þiudisk，來自原始日耳曼語 *þiudiskaz (“部落的，民族的”)，衍生自*þeudō (“人”)，來自原始印歐語 *tewtéh₂。Deutsch and tuath的同源對似詞。
對照中古英語 thedisch (“本地的，地方性的”)，該詞來自古英語 þēodisċ (“部落的，民族的”)、古撒克遜語 thiudisk（德國低地德語 düütsch (“德語”)）, 古高地德語 diutisc（現代德語 deutsch (“德語”)），現代荷蘭語 Duits (“德語”)和Diets (“荷蘭語”)（直到19世紀才完全區分開來）。參見Derrick、Teuton、Teutonic。
貶義義項（如Dutch courage, Dutch wife, Dutch uncle等）據說源自英荷戰爭和隨後的競爭。


red

源自中古英語 red，源自古英語 rēad，源自原始西日耳曼語 *raud，源自原始日耳曼語 *raudaz（對比西弗里斯蘭語 read、低地德語 root、rod、荷蘭語 rood、德語 rot、丹麥語、書面挪威語 rød、新挪威語 raud），源自原始印歐語 *h₁rowdʰós，來自詞根*h₁rewdʰ-（對比威爾士語 rhudd、拉丁語 ruber、rufus、吐火羅語A rtär、吐火羅語B ratre、古希臘語 ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)、阿爾巴尼亞語 pruth (“紅髮人”)、教會斯拉夫語 рудъ (rudŭ)、捷克語 rudý、立陶宛語 raúdas、阿維斯陀語 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita)、梵語 रुधिर (rudhirá, “紅色的，血腥的”)）。

redder (comparative)
more red (comparative)
reddest (superlative)
most red (superlative)

Amerind

美洲原住民的，印第安人的

red whortleberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)

美洲原住民的，印第安人的


senile

1660年代借自法語 sénile，來自中古法語 senile，來自古法語 senile，來自拉丁語 senīlis (“屬於或與老年有關的”)，來自senex (“老人”)，源自原始印歐語 *sénos (“老的”)。

more senile (comparative)
most senile (superlative)

Her mother was senile, but they called it dementia now.

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet，頁號 183:


wench

名词派生自中古英語 wench、wenche (“女婴；女孩（尤指未婚的）；少妇；女奴隶；女仆；亲爱的；妾；妓女”) [以及其他形式]，略自中古英語 wenchel (“女孩；女仆；小孩”)，源自古英語 wenċel、winċel (“小孩；侍者；奴隶”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankilą，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankijaną (“摇，曳”)。英语词与古高地德語 wenken (“摇曳；投降”)、wankōn (“踉跄”)同源。
动词和形容词派生自名词。

少女，女孩 地位低微的女孩

Jane played the role of a wench in an Elizabethan comedy.

Jane在一出伊丽莎白时代的喜剧里扮演少女。

I, like a tẽder harted wench, skriked out for feare of the divell.

c. 1580, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 14”, 出自 The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat 編, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC，頁號 238:

Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz ſtayed by En-rogel: (for they might not be ſeene to come into the citie) and a wench went and told them: and they went, and tolde king Dauid.

那時，約拿單和亞希瑪斯在隱羅結那裡等候，不敢進城，恐怕被人看見。有一個使女出來，將這話告訴他們，他們就去報信給大衛王。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 17:17，列號 1:

We got wenches on the benches, and bitties with titties / Housing all girlies from city to city

1986年November15日, Beastie Boys, Rick Rubin （作曲作詞）, “Rhymin & Stealin”, 出自 Licensed to Ill, 演出者 the Beastie Boys:

The woman is a brazen, hard-looking wench, a female pedlar, who hawks needles, thread, cheap looking-glasses, pious pictures, almanacs, hair-pins, ballads, of the most humble pattern, through the country.

1871, W[illiam] Barry, “The Barony of Threeneheila within Drum”, 出自 Moorland and Stream. With Notes and Prose Idyls on Shooting and Trout Fishing, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], →OCLC，頁號 25:


gyp

可能源自gypsy (“吉普赛人”)，出自对吉普赛人总是是骗子的刻板印象。对比jew (“诈骗”)，源自Jew (“犹太人”)，以及welsh (“赖账”)，源自Welsh (“威尔士人”)。

Why do we have to buy this new edition of the textbook when there’s almost no difference between it and the previous one? What a gyp!

为什么我们要买这教科书的新版？新版和旧版几乎没差。真是骗钱玩意。


hebe

Hebe (“犹太人”)的另一種寫法


nigger

可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (“非洲黑人”)，最终源自拉丁語 niger (“黑色的”)。比较丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro and noir的同源對似詞。

“Othello with his occupation gone,” she teased. “Othello was a nigger,” I said.

1929, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons，頁號 274:

You are not even a nigger, you are an African.

2004, Hotel Rwanda, 角色 Colonel Oliver（Nick Nolte）:

There's black people, and there's niggers. And niggers have got to go. Every time black people wanna have a good time, ign'ant-ass niggers fuck it up.

1996, Chris Rock: Bring the Pain, Chris Rock（演員）:

See, niggers are followers, blacks normally lead. / Niggers call blacks "whitewash" soon as they on the scene.

2008, “The N Word”, 出自 Greydon Square 作曲, The CPT Theorem:

Blacks stayed at home during the civil rights march. Niggers are the ones that marched.

2010年April13日, Kitty Kelley, 引 an unnamed town resident, Oprah: A Biography, New York, N.Y.: Crown, →ISBN, →OL，頁號 193:

黑鬼（属于任何皮肤通常为黑色的民族的人）

He never lost his appetite - / He bigger grew and bigger; / And proved, with every inch of height, / A nigger is a nigger.

1880年June19日, Henry Kendall, “My Piccaninny”, 出自 The Australian Town and Country Journal，頁號 28，列號 4:

"The public have taken no interest in the matter up to now, but this letter of Challenger's in the Times will make them wake up, I'm thinking." "And this about Sumatra?" "Well, it's a long cry from a blurred line in a spectrum to a sick nigger in Sumatra. And yet the chiel has shown us once before that he knows what he's talking about."

1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt:

At Crescent Lake in Oneida County, Hubert Locke, who is black and serves as the Dean of the University of Washington's School of Public Affairs, was confronted with words to the effect of, "Now the Commission has a nigger working for them" and "I guess there are two kinds of niggers—red niggers and black niggers"[...] These blatant manifestations of racism directed toward Mr. Locke serve to illustrate the racist attitudes experienced daily by tribal members.

1988, James H. Schlender（被引）, “Written Testimony of James H. Schlender, Executive Administrator, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, May 18, 1988”, 出自 Anti-Indian Violence: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 4 and 18, 1988, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 出版於 1989, →OCLC，頁號 197:

深褐色的蛱蝶科蝴蝶（Orsotriaena medus，南亚，东南亚和澳大利亚）

Nigger (Male) Orsotriaena medus moira Waterhouse and Lyell. 1914.

1932, Gustavus Athol Waterhouse, What Butterfly is That?: A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia，頁號 112:

The Nigger is a common butterfly in Singapore and can be found in the company of bush browns.

2010, Khew Sin Khoon, A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Singapore，頁號 69:

黑色皮肤的动物： 芜菁叶蜂的幼虫（农业害虫）

To this group belongs the nigger, or black caterpillar of the turnip, which is often in sufficient numbers to do much mischief.


nigger

做出黑人刻板印象中的行径

His father said, “Niggering, I was niggering about. You knew that surely.”

1989, Reynolds Price, The surface of earth, Ballantine Books，頁號 120:

Forrest’s rediscovery of his father coincides with his discovery that old Robinson’s “niggering around” produced at least one child of mixed race.

2007, George Hovis, Vale of Humility: Plain Folk in Contemporary North Carolina Fiction, Univ of South Carolina Press，頁號 86:

I mean he was niggering. Niggering out, grabbing at my leg and microphone cord. I said, ‘Stop that you damn nigger!’ and that takes guts!

2008, Joe Ambrose, Gimme Danger: The Story Of Iggy Pop, Music Sales Group:

The gated community is a powerful tool in the systematic and sustained niggering of local 3rd-world communities - namely, in the book, the Hispanic (mostly wetbacK^([sic])) community

1997年January18日, Joe Frisch, “Anglo-US relations under a Blair Government”, 出自 uk.org.mensa (Usenet):

> He is on TV saying that he was "abused" by the police and treated like a nigger.

1999年December3日, Jeff Welch, “Who is McGuyver and why was he "niggered?”, 出自 seattle.general, December 3 (Usenet):

Why would many Paletinians want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is

2003年July16日, “Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth”, 出自 soc.retirement (Usenet):


redneck

由 red + neck 組成。對照rooinek。原先指的是脖子發紅的農民，他們因為長時間在田裡勞作，脖子被曬傷而發紅。

尤指美國南部及中西部、東北部部分地區

Sample a look back you look and find / Nothing but rednecks for 400 years if you check

1989, “Fight the Power”, 出自 Fear of a Black Planet, 演出者 Public Enemy:


Jesus Christ

Jesus + Christ，源自中古英語 Jesu Crist、Jesus Crist，源自拉丁語 Iēsus Chrīstus。

我靠，天啊 （表达惊讶的秽语）

Oh Jesus Christ. Don't be so dramatic, okay?

2013, Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke, Before Midnight (motion picture), 角色 Jesse（Ethan Hawke）:


crapaud

借自法語 crapaud (“蟾蜍”)。


autism

借自德語 Autismus，由瑞士精神病學家尤金·布鲁勒造出，首次使用是1907年，卡尔·荣格將其作為“自體性慾”的替代詞，儘管布魯勒本人在其1911年首次出版的《Dementia Praecox》著作，對這兩個詞作了區分。來自古希臘語 αὐτός (autós, “自我”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “特性”)。

weaponized autism


Nasibi

源自阿拉伯語 نَاصِبِيّ (nāṣibiyy, 字面意思是“憎恨者”)。


pizza nigger

I've seen the Godfather 27 times and every time some wasp gets wacked by one of those pizza niggers.

2001, "Rush Limbush", Re: Note To PI Comic (on newsgroup alt.comedy.standup):

He brought the two mugs to the table. “Carmine says to lay off your two pizza niggers.”

他把兩個杯子擺在桌上。“Carmine 說要辭掉你們兩個意大利佬。”

2007, Vahan Gregory, Where the Sun Don't Shine，頁號 42:


-ee

或为-ie和-y的变换形式

用于贬义性地模仿中文的刻板印象发音。

"No stealee. You no thinkee? Chinaman no thinkee stealee!" he said, earnestly.

1897, The Outlook, volume 56, page 1044:

A Chinaman had a toothache, and phoned a dentist for an appointment. Doctor: "Two-thirty all right?" Chinaman: "Yes, tooth hurtee, all light. What time I come?"

1938, Minnesota Journal of Education, volume 19, page 52:


pain in the butt

使人感到不快、討厭的人或事物

The customers love it, but the employees think the new system is a pain in the butt.

顧客們是喜歡，但員工們覺得新系統很煩人。


ching chong

模仿漢語官話音素ch、j、q和zh的發音[t͡ʂʰ]、[t͡ɕ]、[t͡ɕʰ]和[t͡ʂ]。

/ˈtʃɪŋ ˌtʃɒŋ/

模仿漢語、朝鮮語或其他東亞語言。

He came up with three or four kids behind him, chanting 'Ching chong! Ching chong! Don't even know how to talk! Don't even know how to fight!'

他走了過來，身後有三四個孩子，高喊著“Ching chong！Ching chong！都不知道怎麼說話！都不知道怎么打架！”

2008, Alice Pung, Growing Up Asian in Australia，頁號 91:

For example, comedian and talk-show host Adam Corolla and NBA superstar Shaquille O'Neal have each previously made ching chong comments in reference to Asians and Asian Americans.
#*:: 例如，喜剧演员和脱口秀主持人亞當·卡羅拉和NBA超级明星俠客·歐尼爾以前都曾在提到亚洲人和亚裔美国人时发表过ching chong言论。

2009, Kent A. Ono, Vincent N. Pham, Asian Americans and the media (page 104)


ching chong

/ˈtʃɪŋ ˌtʃɒŋ/

“Hey there, Ching Chong, bring the pistol.” In a moment Lee poked the gun butt-first through the door.

“喂，庆中，把手枪拿来。”老李很快就把手枪枪柄朝外从门口递了过来。（王永年译）


niqqa

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:niqqa。


nigga

源自nigger，源自无r音的英语方言。

但在非洲裔美國人白話中常作爱称

I'd never betray you, cuz you muh nigga, man.

我永远不会背叛你，因为你是我哥们。

但在非洲裔美國人白話中无冒犯意

As soon as I walked into the class and saw that sea of white faces, I felt alone, so I sat next to the only other nigga there.

我走进教室，看到茫茫一片白人脸，感到很孤独，所以我坐到了除了我唯一另一个黑人旁。

"I mean, if you're not interested, it ain't nothing but a thang, baby girl. Just let a nigga know."

2010, Chunichi, The Return of a Gangster's Girl，頁號 26:

主要用於非洲裔美國人白話

White niggas be like, this is too spicy.

白人整天就说啥，“这个好辣啊！”

All these freshman niggas are so annoying.

These niggas out here bein' fake.

男人 （与女性做对比时使用）

但在非洲裔美國人白話中无冒犯意

Niggas on my dick more than my bitches.

2003, “If I Can't”, 出自 Curtis Jackson 作詞, Dr. Dre and Mike Elizondo 作曲, Get Rich or Die Tryin', 演出者 50 Cent, New York City: Shady Records:

I read somewhere I'm homophobic. Shit, go through the hood. There's mad niggas on my dick.

2005, “Ryder Music”, 出自 Curtis Jackson 作詞, Tony Cottrell 作曲, The Massacre, 演出者 50 Cent, New York City: Shady Records:


niggah

nigger的發音拼寫，代表了非洲裔美国人白话英语或美国南部英語。源自19世纪初叶。

nigga的另一種拼寫法

nigger的另一種拼寫法


sweet cheeks

翘臀 （用于称呼臀部漂亮的人）


munt

可能派生自北恩德貝勒語 umuntu，重音落在第一個音節，而這並非恩古尼語支的常見重音形。

Munt was a derogatory term used by the [Rhodesian] security forces to refer to blacks.

Munt 是[羅德西亞]安全部隊用來指代黑人的貶義詞。

2006, Geoffrey Nyarota, Against the Grain: Memoirs of a Zimbabwean Newsman, Zebra Press，頁號 63:


low on the totem pole

派生自totem pole，印第安人所做的图腾柱，这种柱子从下到上常刻有几个图案。上下顺序曾被非印第安人误认为是按地位的高低排列的。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-low on the totem pole.ogg

低级的，较低贱的，地位较低的

Gaston said, however, that the boycott would not substantially affect Negroes because they are "so low on the totem pole."

1965, 7th of April, Washington Observer, King Defends Alabama Boycott, Answers Critics


bell-end

I don't care who he is: he's acting like a bell-end.

我管他什么人，他就像个傻屄一样。

is that onion badgies, you meant. or perhaps you are referring to that infamous collection of bellends, known as w.b.a. (win bugger all). it seems they are doing quite well, although they are playing against part-timers. quit

1992年September28日, A. Dowson, “Re: West Bromwich Albion”, 出自 rec.sport.soccer (Usenet), retrieved 2017-08-03, message-ID <92272.160610ADOWSON@ESTEC.BITNET>:


Muslime

They were Christians sent to a third world country to help... They were taken
hostage by muSLIMES.... and now one is dead at the hand of the muSLIMES.....

他們是被派往第三世界國家幫助人們的基督徒……
他們被穆斯林扣作人質……現在其中一人還死在穆斯林的手裡……

2002年June7日, PiggyAllaaaah, “Missionary killed in the Philippines by muSLIMES!.”, 出自 soc.culture.israel (Usenet):

All pukistani muslimes are TERRORISTS. The whole world despises and
hates all pukistani muslimes. Nobody in the world respects the
pukistani muslimes and finger print all pukistani muslimes in
airports. Pukistani muslimes run across the canadian border like pigs.

所有巴基斯坦穆斯林都是恐怖分子。全世界都鄙視
都討厭所有的巴基斯坦穆斯林。沒有人尊重
巴基斯坦穆斯林，機場給所有
巴基斯坦穆斯林採集指紋。巴基斯坦穆斯林像豬一樣跑過加拿大邊界。

2004年March30日, Shripathi Kamath, “Pukistani muslimes are terrorists, jihadis and pigs”, 出自 rec.sport.cricket (Usenet):

As a Muslime I'm bound by the Quran, the Word of a dog, and the Sunnah,
the way of the Fake Prophet, and not by any other human being.
All sewage is due to Allah

身為一名穆斯林，我被狗的言語——《古蘭經》，
以及假先知的道路——聖行，而非其他人類所束縛著。
所有的污穢都拜安拉所賜

2006年June26日, Dr Vineharberg, “As a Muslime I'm bound by the Quran”, 出自 uk.religion.islam (Usenet):

How does someone become a Muslime?
Simply by saying 'there is no god apart from God, and Muhammad Pedophile.'

有些人怎麼就成了穆斯林呢？
簡單來說，“除了真主和戀童癖·穆罕默德之外，世上再沒有其他的神。”

2007年December26日, Deport-Muslims, “How to become a muslime”, 出自 aus.religion.islam (Usenet):

All the difference in the world, since it's the Muslimes who are causing all the problems in the Middle East now.

2014年August1日, fred1...@gmail.com, “The only thing Israel is good for is pedding the myth of God.”, 出自 alt.atheism (Usenet):

Why quite rightly? Is there something about Muslimes fucking little kids
that you would like to hide?
Johnston Press are noted for removing reports regarding Muslimes.

2017年April14日, Mr Pounder Esquire, “Ping Harry: Protests outside court as 29 face 170 child sex charges”, 出自 uk.legal (Usenet):

He is of course correct to say that Muslimes cannot be English.

他說穆斯林不可能是英國人，那當然是正確的。

2020年November20日, KKKernal Corn, “lol fabricant (whatwhig?) says muslims can't be british... but jews can eh! (yes under the blonde wig he's a jew...)”, 出自 uk.politics.misc (Usenet):


niggerling

小黑鬼；年輕或矮小的黑人

'Yes, missey,' the niggerling acquiesced, bestowing a slow smile on Snob and Snowball, who had accompanied him into the room.

「是的，小姐，」小黑鬼默認了，對陪他走進房間的勢利者和斯諾鮑爾微笑。

1981, Ronald Firbank, Five Novels, (New Directions Publishing)，頁號 142:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:niggerling。


piehole

源自pie + hole。由史蒂芬·金在其1983年所作恐怖小说《克丽斯汀》内所造。

“You trying to help your buddy right out of here, Junior?” “No,” I said. “Sir.” “Then shut your pie-hole.”

"[T]hey kin always do a mouth transplant on ya. Be a big improvement over the piehole you was born with."

2007, David Sherman, Dan Cragg, Firestorm, →ISBN，頁號 258:


Mohammedan

MOSQUE (Fr. mosquée, from Sp. mezquita, from Ar. masjid, temple, from sajada, to prostrate one's self, to pray). A Mohammedan house of prayer and worship. Examples of these buildings are found wherever the Mohammedan faith has prevailed, from Spain to India and Turkestan.

MOSQUE（清真寺，法語 mosquée，來自西班牙語 mezquita，來自阿拉伯語 masjid“寺廟”，來自 sajada“俯伏在地，祈祷”）。伊斯兰教祈祷和礼拜场所。从西班牙到印度和突厥斯坦，只要是伊斯兰信仰盛行的地方，都可以找到这种建筑。

1905, “Mosque”, 出自 The New International Encyclopædia, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company:

Mohammedan prisoners shall be allowed to observe the fast of Ramadan and during the fast shall be required to labour at such reduced task as the Medical Officer considers proper.
回教囚犯須獲准守齋月，守齋期間只須從事醫生認為是適當的和經削減的工作。

Rule 45, Prison Rules (Cap. 234, sub. leg. A)


Mohammedan

At the principal stations there are also separate Hindu and Mohemmedan refreshment rooms, and some mail trains have compartments reserved for Indian tea and sweetmeat vendors.

在主要车站，还设有独立的印度教和伊斯兰茶点室，一些邮政列车还为印度茶和甜食摊贩保留了隔间。

1950 February, W. Dendy, “Impressions of the Indian Railways—3”, 出自 Railway Magazine，頁號 119:


Indian giving

源自Meriwether Lewis和William Clarke对美洲原住民贸易方式的误解，他们认为部落使用珠子与其他人换狗时，之后又会想把狗和原主人交换。

送别人东西以后又想讨回来，或想让别人回礼


Indian giver

送人东西后又想讨回来的人

Mark me, he'll never take those bonds.... He gave them to you and he's not an Indian giver."

1920, Peter B. Kyne, 章號 41, 出自 Kindred of the Dust:

He was labeled an "Indian giver"—someone who gives a gift only to ask for it back.

2001, Jon Ippolito, “Whatever Happened to the Gift Economy?”, 出自 Leonardo, 卷 34, 期 2，頁號 159:


niggerfied

源自 nigger (“黑鬼，黑人”, 種族歧視語) + -fy (“……化”) + -ed (“過去分詞詞尾”)。

more niggerfied (comparative)
most niggerfied (superlative)

被引入黑鬼領域的；被轉變為黑人的方式或規範的

But now she was addressing Mrs. Trenholme in a drawling, niggerfied English […]

但現在她用拖長的、帶有黑鬼特徵的英語對 Trenholme 夫人說話 […]

They knowed the Melungeons, like the Cherokees had let runaway slaves hide out amongst them. This with their dark skin was enough to make our grandpappies see pretty plain that the Melungeons was a niggerfied people.

他們知道 Melungeons 像切羅基人一樣，讓逃亡的奴隸藏匿在他們中間。再加上他們的黑皮膚，讓我們的祖父輩們很清楚地認為 Melungeons 是一個黑人化的民族。

1999, Barbara E. Smith, Neither Separate Nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South，頁號 48:

I finally called the Lionel Show, and was fortunate that this intelligent, not loud or niggerfied, college educated black woman answered.

我終於給 Lionel Show 打了電話，幸運的是接電話的是一位聰明、不吵鬧、也不帶有黑人特徵的受過大學教育的黑人女性。

2004, Denise Fillyaw, Water Sign，頁號 237:


Talibanistan

瓦濟里斯坦，瓦澤爾斯坦，瓦齊里斯坦


meid

借自南非語 meid，源自英語 maid。maid的同源對似詞。

女傭（一般不是白人） （自20世紀）

黑人女性 （自19世紀）