See raaf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有多種性別的荷蘭語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自中古荷蘭語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自原始印歐語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自原始日耳曼語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自原始西日耳曼語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自古荷蘭語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自中古荷蘭語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自原始日耳曼語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自原始西日耳曼語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自古荷蘭語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語異分析詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語陰性名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語陽性名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "複數以-en結尾的荷蘭語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "南非語",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "raaf"
},
{
"lang": "蘇里南湯加語",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"借詞"
],
"word": "rafru"
}
],
"etymology_text": "繼承自中古荷蘭語 rāve，異分析自舊單數形式 rāven（被解作複數）；單數 raven（複數 ravens 或 ravenen）至少直到18世紀仍保留於一些方言。再往上追溯，繼承自古荷蘭語 ravan，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *hrabn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *hrabnaz，最终源自原始印歐語 *ḱorh₂-。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"lang": "荷蘭語",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語 鴉科動物",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"渡鴉（Corvus corax）"
],
"id": "zh-raaf-nl-noun-SenngZaD"
},
{
"glosses": [
"泛指某些鴉屬（Corvus）的大型鳥類"
],
"id": "zh-raaf-nl-noun-9SsbC4rR"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "荷蘭語 鸚鵡",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "蘇里南荷蘭語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ara"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ara (“金剛鸚鵡”)之同義詞"
],
"id": "zh-raaf-nl-noun-47IZnqK9",
"raw_tags": [
"蘇里南"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nl-raaf.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "raaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有多種性別的荷蘭語名詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自中古荷蘭語的荷蘭語詞",
"派生自原始印歐語的荷蘭語詞",
"派生自原始日耳曼語的荷蘭語詞",
"派生自原始西日耳曼語的荷蘭語詞",
"派生自古荷蘭語的荷蘭語詞",
"源自中古荷蘭語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"源自原始日耳曼語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"源自原始西日耳曼語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"源自古荷蘭語的荷蘭語繼承詞",
"荷蘭語名詞",
"荷蘭語異分析詞",
"荷蘭語詞元",
"荷蘭語陰性名詞",
"荷蘭語陽性名詞",
"複數以-en結尾的荷蘭語名詞"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "南非語",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "raaf"
},
{
"lang": "蘇里南湯加語",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"借詞"
],
"word": "rafru"
}
],
"etymology_text": "繼承自中古荷蘭語 rāve，異分析自舊單數形式 rāven（被解作複數）；單數 raven（複數 ravens 或 ravenen）至少直到18世紀仍保留於一些方言。再往上追溯，繼承自古荷蘭語 ravan，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *hrabn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *hrabnaz，最终源自原始印歐語 *ḱorh₂-。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"lang": "荷蘭語",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"荷蘭語 鴉科動物"
],
"glosses": [
"渡鴉（Corvus corax）"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"泛指某些鴉屬（Corvus）的大型鳥類"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"荷蘭語 鸚鵡",
"蘇里南荷蘭語"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ara"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ara (“金剛鸚鵡”)之同義詞"
],
"raw_tags": [
"蘇里南"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nl-raaf.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "raaf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raaf meaning in 荷蘭語 (2.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 荷蘭語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-18 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-02 using wiktextract (740530f and 0c495c6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.