denizen

源自中古英語 denisein，源自古法語 denzein，源自deinz (“内部”) + -ein，源自晚期拉丁語 deintus (“自内部”)，其衍生出法語 dans。

The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.

巨型鱿鱼是栖息深海的众多生物之一。

[…] adversity bends the heart as fire bends the stubborn steel, and those who are no longer their own governors, and the denizens of their own free independent state, must crouch before strangers.

1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 39,

The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.

1912: Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 6

The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.

那间酒吧的常客都是粗野之人。

He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.

1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Chapter 26,

As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.

2015年February20日, Russell Brand, “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, 出自 The Guardian (London):

Then by commaundement wer all Fre[n]chemen and Scottes imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes […]

1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, London, The xiiii yere,

A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both.

1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374

All free persons were authorized and permitted to transport themselves, their families, and goods […] to Jamaica，源自any part of the British dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were declared free denizens of England, entitled to the same privileges as free born subjects of England.

1803, John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, p. xlv,

Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford.

The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.

秃鹰是这个州北部的生物。


denizen

给...授予公民身份，归化

He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.

他逃离祖国后归化到了爱尔兰。

[The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.

1664, John Evelyn, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, London: 1670, Chapter 7, “Of the Chesnut,” p. 42,

Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here:

1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38,

There were a few islets in the sand […] 。 These were at once denizened by the Calotropis, Argemone, Tamarix, Gnaphalium luteoalbum and two other species […] 。

1849, Joseph Dalton Hooker, “Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India” in William Jackson Hooker (editor), Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, London: Reeve, Benham and Reeve, Volume 1, p. 85,


decrepit

源自中古法語 décrépit，源自拉丁語 decrepitus (“非常老的”)，源自crepare (“嘎吱作响”)。

more decrepit (comparative)
most decrepit (superlative)

老态龙钟的； 破旧不堪的

Sorrow is subdued by strong necessity; there is no cause why life should be lengthened for our love; and we feel that the worn and the decrepit do but go down into that grave which had received youth, health, beauty,—all that made existence precious—long before.

1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, 第 2 卷，第 79-80 頁s:

Two entrants shared this award for their work on two quite different stations, but with the same purpose of bringing a redundant station building back into use for the benefit of the community, with the added result of conserving an historic building. Saltash Town Council bought Saltash station building after it had become very decrepit and 'an eyesore' - such that it was nearly pulled down to make way for housing.

2021年December15日, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Network Rail Community Award: Saltash and Stow”, 出自 RAIL, 第 946 期，第 58 頁:


deplorable

原始印歐語詞
 *de
形容词借自法語 déplorable (“可悲的”)，或源自其词源晚期拉丁語 dēplōrābilis + 英語 -able (“能够...的”)。其中Dēplōrābilis派生自拉丁語 dēplōrō (“抱怨；痛惜，悲痛”) + -ābilis (“能够...的，应受...的”)，而dēplōrō源自dē- (程度增强前缀) + plōrō (“喊出；抱怨；悲痛”)（可能源自原始印歐語 *pleh₃(w)- (“流；游泳”)）。
名词派生自形容词。美国政治相关义项指的是美国政客及民主党人希拉里·克林顿（1947年生）在2016年美国总统选举期间的一次讲话中说，她的对手共和党人唐纳德·特朗普（1946年生）的支持者是“basket of deplorables”（一群可悲的人）。

more deplorable (comparative)
most deplorable (superlative)

/dɪˈplɔːɹəbəɫ/

极差的，恶劣的，应遭谴责的

Poor children suffer permanent damage due to deplorable living conditions and deplorable treatment by law enforcement.

贫困儿童因恶劣的生活环境和执法机构对其的不公待遇而遭受永久性创伤。

Poor children are often accused of having deplorable manners, when they are, in fact, simply responding to society in ways that mirror how society treats them.

贫困儿童常被指责教养差，但其实他们只是以社会对待他们的方式回应社会而已。

We were all saddened by the deplorable death of his son.

我们都为他儿子的悲惨离世而深感痛心。

There was a youth and his mother, and a maidservant on board, who were going passengers, and thinking the ship was ready to sail, unhappily came on board the evening before the hurricane began; and having no provisions of their own left, they were in a more deplorable condition than the rest.

1719, Daniel Defoe, The life and adventures of Robinson Crusoe

If, however, the early symptoms of insanity be neglected till the brain becomes accustomed to the irregular actions of disease, or till organic changes take place from the early violence of those actions, then the case becomes hopeless of cure. In this situation, in too many cases, the victim of this deplorable malady is cast off by his friends, thrust into a dungeon or in chains, there to remain till the shattered intellect shall exhaust all its remaining energies in perpetual raving and violence, till it sinks into hopeless and deplorable idiocy.

1840, Public Documents of the State of Maine, "Report Relating to the Insane Hospital", Committee on Public Buildings


deplorable

/dɪˈplɔːɹəbəɫ/

[…] heralding, this season, an end of the most awful of all apparel abominations, that most despicable of all deplorables, the ankle sock.


deprave

源自中古英語 depraven，源自古法語 depraver，源自拉丁語 dēprāvāre (“扭曲的，腐败的”)，源自de- + pravus (“扭曲的，邪恶的”)。

使...恶化，使...腐败


dereference

/dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/

follow

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

resolve

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

间接访问，间接存取，解引用，解参考（访问一个指针或类似数据类型的值所指向的内存中的值）

Attempting to dereference a null pointer often results in a crash.

试图间接引用空指针常会导致程序崩溃。

间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

With the find command, any symbolic links appearing after -follow will be dereferenced.

使用find命令后，-follow后接的符号链接将被间接访问。


dereference

/dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/

Either each dereference must use a complicated DCAS protocol, or each pointer must include a version number that is managed on each modification and checked on each dereference, or storage management must be tightly coupled […]

1999, Michael Barry Greenwald, Non-blocking synchronization and system design (page 77)


dereliction

源自拉丁語 dērelictiō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dērelinquō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dē- + re- + linquō (“离开”)。

The new soldier did not clean his cabin and was scolded for dereliction and disobedience.

新兵没有清理自己的隔间，被骂渎职，违抗命令。

What he did was a terrible dereliction of duty.

他犯了很严重的玩忽职守。

And his final act—leaving the Watch to accompany Tormund and the Wildlings back into the woods North of the wall—no longer seems like a dereliction of duty. It’s the recovery of duty, found by a man who feels he betrayed his queen, who thinks there’s no longer a place for him in these lands.

2019年May19日, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:

After years of unsympathetic commercial use and dereliction, nothing of note remained inside, which accordingly has been reconfigured with modern amenities such as underfloor heating.


deflower

来自中古英語 deflouren，来自古法語 desflorer（现代法語 déflorer），来自晚期拉丁語 deflōrāre。


deft

源自中古英語 defte、daft (“温柔的”)，源自古英語 dæfte (“温和的，温柔的，温顺的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *daftī (“合适的”)，派生自*dabaną (“合适”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“适”)。相近同源词包括哥特語 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆𐍃 (gadōfs, “合适的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 deftich (“杰出的”)、荷蘭語 deftig (“杰出的”)、德語 deftig (“粗野的”)。较远同源词包括俄語 добро (dobro, “财富，物资”)和拉丁語 faber (“匠人；熟练的”)。

defter (comparative)
deftest (superlative)

He assembled it in one fluid, deft motion.

他流畅灵活地一下把它组装了起来。


dejected

借自拉丁語 dēiciō。

more dejected (comparative)
most dejected (superlative)

I pitied poor Miss Read’s unfortunate situation, who was generally dejected, seldom cheerful, and avoided company […]

1818, Benjamin Franklin, Memoirs, Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, Volume I, p. 73,


dejected

借自拉丁語 dēiciō。

deject 的過去式和過去分詞


desideratum

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 dēsīderātum (“想要的东西”)，dēsīderātus的中性主格单数形式，dēsīderāre (“想要，渴望”)的被动过去分词，源自dēsīderō (“想要，希望，渴望”)，源自de- (程度增强后缀) + （可能）sīdus (“星星；星座”)，但其间的关联性不详。英语词与法語 desideratum、西班牙語 desiderátum同源。
复数形式源自拉丁語 dēsīderāta。

/dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/

/dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/

渴望的东西，想要的东西，需求 （自17世纪中叶）

It having hitherto been a deſideratum to draw ſilver wire fine enough for aſtronomical uſes, our author's improvement "conſiſts in nothing but in flattening the fineſt wires which are now drawn."

1774 November, “Art. XI. An Improvement Proposed in the Cross Wires of Telescopes. By Dr. Wilson, of Glasgow.”, 出自 The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, 第 XLIV 卷, London: Printed […] for D[avid] Henry, […], →OCLC，第 529 頁，第 2 列:

I shall now, agreeably to your request, endeavour to point out some of the principal Desiderata of the science of Natural History, and the most effectual means to be pursued for the Advancement of Science.

1807年June10日, Benjamin Smith Barton, A Discourse on Some of the Principal Desiderata in Natural History, and on the Best Means of Promoting the Study of This Science, in the United-States. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed by Denham & Town, […], →OCLC，第 15 頁:

The kettle was singing on the side, and a thin white column of smoke announced, that desideratum of tea-makers, that the water boiled at a gallop.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 V, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 第 I 卷, London: Henry Colburn, […], 出版於 1842, →OCLC，第 46 頁:

Less teaching and good healing is to-day the acme of "well done;" a healing that is not guesswork, – chronic recovery ebbing and flowing, – but instantaneous cure. This absolute demonstration of Science must be revived. To consummate this desideratum, mortal mind must pass through three stages of growth.

1896, Mary Baker Eddy, Miscellaneous Writings 1883–1896, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →OCLC; 再版 Boston, Mass.: Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy, 1924, →OCLC，第 355 頁:

While much is being done in the detailed improvement of our systems in respect of both matter and manner, the most pressing desideratum has not yet even been recognised as a desideratum.

1898, Herbert Spencer, “Moral Education”, 出自 Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC，第 161 頁:

A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer, but this can only be obtained, and it is not always possible, by an annual migration.

1907 November, Angus Caithness, “Notes on Neuralgia”, 出自 J. J. Lawrence 編, The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery, 第 XXXV 卷, 第 11 期, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] […], →OCLC，第 840 頁，第 2 列:

Money is probably a desideratum under almost any circumstance, though it is certainly possible to imagine limitations.

1968, Sociology and Social Research, 第 53 卷, Los Angeles, Calif.: Southern California Sociological Society, University of Southern California, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 65 頁:

[W]e want to present certain desiderata for a theory of argument structure and the diagramming system which represents it. These desiderata will further highlight the appropriateness of presenting our dialectal theory of argument at the beginning of our study.

1991, James B. Freeman, “Basic Theoretical Considerations”, 出自 Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments: A Theory of Argument Structure (Studies of Argumentation in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Foris Publications, →ISBN, section 2.2 (Desiderata for Theory and Practice)，第 33 頁:

In terms of the seven desiderata for any adequate response to the puzzle of marked variation, I have argued that the constructivist view's only real strength lies in the first desideratum.

2018, Robert A. Wilson, “A Socio-cognitive Framework for Marked Variation”, 出自 The Eugenic Mind Project, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, section 6.8 (Return of the Seven)，第 137 頁:


desperado

/dɛspəˈɹɑːdəʊ/


despond

源自拉丁語 dēspondeō (“放弃”)，源自dē (“从，离”) + spondeō (“发誓”)。

Yet still despond not, but proceed
Along the path where fate may lead.

1867, John Conington, Aeneid, 根據Virgil原著改編的翻譯作品，第 176 頁:

I should despair, or at least despond.

October 16, 1820, Thomas Scott, letter to the Rev. G. Knight, Harwell

We wish that […] desponding patriotism may turn its eyes hitherward, and be assured that foundations of our national power still stand strong.

June 17, 1825, Daniel Webster, Speech on the laying of the Corner Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument


despondent

源自拉丁語 dēspondēns，源自动词dēspondeō (“放弃”)。

more despondent (comparative)
most despondent (superlative)

沮丧的，绝望的，气馁的，灰心的

“Last year, I was despondent that it was so hard to dislodge the iron grip of Google,” said Sridhar Ramaswamy, who previously oversaw advertising for Google, including Search ads, and now runs Neeva. “But technological moments like this create an opportunity for more competition.”

2022年December21日, Nico Grant, Cade Metz, 引 Sridhar Ramaswamy, “A New Chat Bot Is a ‘Code Red’ for Google’s Search Business”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


dishevel

dishevels
disheveling
dishevelling
disheveled
dishevelled

使...凌乱，弄乱 （衣服，头发等）

With garments rent, and haire discheueled, / Wringing her hands, and making piteous mone;

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto I”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 12:

Like the fair flower dishevell'd in the wind.

[...] the natural finish seems much less likely to show up the stains of travel which might soon dishevel the golden ochre or dark blue—especially the latter—[...].

1964 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The BRB shows traders the Liner train prototypes”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 262 頁:


disheveled

more disheveled (comparative)
most disheveled (superlative)


disheveled

dishevel 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


dishevelled

源自早期形式dishevely，源自古法語 deschevelé（现代法語 déchevelé和échevelé），源自des-, + chevel (“头发”)（现代法語 cheveu）。

more dishevelled (comparative)
most dishevelled (superlative)

The men resided in a huge bunk house, which consisted of one room only, with a shack outside where the cooking was done. In the large room were a dozen bunks ; half of them in a very dishevelled state, […]

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 6, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

This is a crazy, dishevelled, often hilarious film, in which lightning flashes of wit and insight crackle periodically across a plane of tedium. I sometimes felt I was watching the 100-hour version.

2018年August31日, Peter Bradshaw, “The Other Side of the Wind review – lost Orson Welles epic is hurricane of anger and wit”, 出自 The Guardian:


dishevelled

dishevel 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


deuteragonist

古希臘語 δευτεραγωνιστής (deuteragōnistḗs, 字面意思是“第二个演员”)，原用于希腊戏剧，源自ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “战士；参与者；演员”)。
就词形分析为deuter- (“第二”) + agonist (“战士；参与者”)。

同類詞：protagonist (“主角，主人公”)、tritagonist

The issue is no longer about the artistic representation of woman going on within the story: rather, the art object, now unrelated to the actual woman (at a literal level, at any rate), becomes her deuteragonist and antagonist, and the opposition thus settled becomes further complicated by reversal, exchanges, shifts in their respective positions.

2001, Donatella Izzo, Portraying the Lady: Technologies of Gender in the Short Stories of Henry James, University of Nebraska Press，第 58 頁:

The first disposition accords with the attested reality of Nero acting in masks resembling his own features or those of women with whom he was in love (Suet. Nero 21.3), especially Poppaea (Dio 63.9.5), and generates a set of roles for the deuteragonist all of which focus on failed counsel; it also underlines the parallelism between the Seneca-Nero and Nero-Prefect scenes, and reinforces the view that the First and Second Prefect are not identical.

2008, A. J. Boyle 編, Octavia: Attributed to Seneca, Oxford University Press，第 93 頁:

In the distribution of the other roles between the deuteragonist and the tritagonist, the same criteria must have applied. When two characters had an important part in a tragedy and could not be played by a single protagonist, the second was played by the deuteragonist.[…]The tritagonist, even more than the deuteragonist, had to play several secondary roles.

2018, Jacques Jouanna, 譯者 Steven Rendall, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, Princeton University Press，第 201 頁:


dishwasher

源自中古英語 dysche wescheare，等价于dish + washer。

load the dishwasher


disillusioned

more disillusioned (comparative)
most disillusioned (superlative)


disingenuous

more disingenuous (comparative)
most disingenuous (superlative)

falso

不高尚的；与荣誉不相称的

不高尚的；与荣誉不相称的或不高贵的；低劣的, 卑贱的；不相称的；虚假的或虚伪的。

不坦白的；不老实的；不率真的；狡猾的。

假装天真来达到某种目的或进行欺骗。


devil-may-care

源自下列俗语的缩短形式的定语用法：The devil may care, but I do not (“恶魔可能会管，但是我不管。”)。

more devil-may-care (comparative)
most devil-may-care (superlative)

This is the sort of witchery, not easily defined—but, by its votaries, pretty sensibly felt, in hunting the fox. The light-hearted, high-spirited stripling, when cigaring it careless to cover, with a kind of a knowing demi-devil-may-care twist of his beaver, receives in his transit a benison from every real friend of the chase he may chance to pass; and the airy, eager zeal of the youthful aspirant to rolls, tumbles, and the brush, will flush his memory with the frolic gayety of other days, and animate his mind with reflections most welcome to his heart.

1837, "Venator", The Warwickshire Hunt from 1795 to 1836, Prefatory Remarks:

Not that this would have worried him much, anyway—he was a mighty free and easy, roving, devil-may-care sort of person.

1837, Charles Dickens, 章號 49, 出自 The Pickwick Papers:

Now, upon his whole person，源自the crown of his unkempt head down to his broken, dusty boots, there yet clung that air of jaunty, devil-may-care rakishness.

1910, Jeffery Farnol, 章號 3, 出自 The Broad Highway:

Collins' death can be put down to his devil-may-care attitude—his decision to journey through hostile territory in a large convoy, the inadequate choice of the members of the convoy, and the tactics he adopted in the ambush. For all the debate about ballistics and entry and exit wounds, and the use of powerful historical imaginations, it matters more that Collins was killed than how he was killed. Concentration on the events at Béal na mBláth has, moreover, often meant a failure to place them in the overall context of the war.

1988, Michael Hopkinson, Green Against Green: The Irish Civil War:

Tiny Albania emerged from communist dictatorship in 1990 only to tumble into a rough world of gangsters, fraudulent financial machinations and incompetent governance, exacerbated by lawless capitalism and devil-may-care politics.

2011 May 21, Altin Raxhimi, "The Trouble with Democracy: Albania's Worrisome Vote," Time:

It is no real surprise that half the UK's stations and 5,000 miles of route were recommended to close. Nevertheless, some great mistakes were made in Marples' devil-may-care purge that left commuters stranded and seaside resorts without a lifeline.

2023年March8日, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, 出自 RAIL, 第 978 期，第 50 頁:


devilish

源自中古英語 develissh、develyssh，等价于devil + -ish。同源词包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 düvelsk、düüwelsk (“恶魔般的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 duvelsk (“恶魔般的”)、荷蘭語 duivels (“恶魔般的”)、德國低地德語 düvelsk (“恶魔般的”)、德語 teuflisch (“恶魔般的”)、丹麥語 djævelsk (“恶魔般的”)、瑞典語 djävulsk (“恶魔般的”)、挪威語 djevelsk (“恶魔般的”)。

more devilish (comparative)
most devilish (superlative)

a devilish grin

A devilish effort yielded a devilish success.

不懈努力会带来巨大成功。


devilish

It was devilish hot outside today.


devilishly

more devilishly (comparative)
most devilishly (superlative)


dispassionate

more dispassionate (comparative)
most dispassionate (superlative)

冷静的，理智的，公正的，不受感情影响的


disquieting

more disquieting (comparative)
most disquieting (superlative)

Sir, it is very disquieting to read from time to time that some of our citizens, who should be promoting the welfare of this country in their hearts and in practice, are taking the currency out of this country illegally. It is equally disquieting to hear that some of our citizens may export some of the goods from this country, undervalue those goods and when they import some goods from abroad, they are over-valued with the object of keeping part of that money outside this country.

1985年May29日, W. Kisiero (Assistant Minister for Commerce and Industry), “The Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Bill (The Attorney-General on 23rd May, 1985) (Resumption of Debate Interrupted on 28th May, 1985)”, 出自 The Republic of Kenya: The National Assembly Official Report [...] Third Session: Tuesday, 19th March, 1985 to Thursday, 6th June, 1985, 第 LXV 卷, [Nairobi?]: National Assembly of Kenya, →OCLC, column 1561:


disquieting

disquiet 的現在時分詞和動名詞。


disquieting

令人不安的事物，令人不适的事物

Thus we see the intuition of divine truth in minds of defiled affections, worketh not that sweet effect which is natural unto it to produce; but doubtings, terrors, and disquietings of conscience […]

1640, Edward Reynolds, A treatise of the passions and faculties of the soule of man:


dissociative

It was a lonely, dissociative time in my life, when I stayed holed up in my apartment for weeks on end.

那是我生活中一段孤独，离群的时期，那时我呆在公寓里一连好几个星期。

The dissociative techniques separated ammonium chloride into hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

离解法将氯化铵分解为了盐酸和氨。

He had to take a few weeks off school after a dissociative episode.

他分离性障碍发作以后休学了几个星期。


diatribe

首次可考于1581年，借自法語 diatribe，源自拉丁語 diatriba (“学术讨论，学术演讲”)，源自古希臘語 διατριβή (diatribḗ, “消磨时间的方式，演讲”)，源自διά (diá, “通过，经由”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “浪费，耗费”)。

“… No rogue e’er felt the halter draw, with a good opinion of the law, and perhaps my own detestation of the law arises from my having frequently broken it. If this long diatribe bores you, just say so, and I’ll cut it short.”

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 4, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

You know, it’s all this racial diatribe, and very strong language, screaming at the top of his lungs into the telephone.

1991, Bill Crow, Jazz Anecdotes, Oxford University Press, →ISBN，第 316 頁:

Aunt Petunia wasn’t eating anything at all. Her arms were folded, her lips were pursed, and she seemed to be chewing her tongue, as though biting back the furious diatribe she longed to throw at Harry.

2000, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Scholastic Press, →ISBN，第 41 頁:

Lest this [be] read as a diatribe against DfT, I have some sympathy with it. That's because whenever there's a problem with the railway, the industry's solution is to ask DfT for billions of pounds.

2021年May5日, Philip Haigh, “I think we need better than this from the rail industry”, 出自 RAIL, 第 930 期，第 51 頁:

The senator was prone to diatribes which could go on for more than an hour.


dither

didder的变体，源自中古英語 dideren (“发抖”)。对比中古英語 bididren、bididdren (“诱导，误导”)，源自古英語 bedidrian、bedyderian (“诱导，误导”)。
另，可能与*titeren的表达性质的浊化有关，源自原始日耳曼語 *titrōną。若如此，它则是teeter 的同源對似詞，同源词有古高地德語 zittarōn（德語 zittern）和古諾爾斯語 titra（法羅語 titra、冰島語 titra）。或者可能是一个无关的叠词拟声词。

The dithering Mr Singh of recent times may worry that his reform proposals are already too bold. The reforming Mr Singh of yore would see them as just the start.

2012, The Economist, Sept. 22nd issue, Indian Reform: At Last

抖动 （用不同密度的点来模拟系统色域内不存在的灰度或颜色，以近似渲染出一张图）


dither

Everyone was in a dither; either in it or about to get in it or just climbing out of it. Naturally, the Madam was not in a dither. Dither was a foreign concept to her.

2002, Thomas P. Glynn, A Child's Christmas In Chicago，第 59 頁:


diva

:< 意大利語 diva（“女神”） < 拉丁語 diva（“女神”）——divus（“神的”）的阴性形。

女性名人，尤指歌手与演员。

（被认为或自认为）比其他人更重要的人，通常对别人要求很高，对自己的权益看得很重。


divulge

拉丁語 divulgare，源自di- (“widely”) + vulgare (“公布，发行”)。

disclose

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

将...公之于众，将...泄露给

I will never divulge that secret to anyone.

我不会把那个秘密告诉其他人。

In an interview with The Economist last year, he insisted his attack on the CPP had nothing to do with his views on global warming, which he would not divulge.

2016, December 8, The Economist, The president-elect's EPA head may not believe in climate change

Here then is a letter from a young man whose name I must not reveal, but whom I will designate as D. F., and whose address I must not divulge, but will simply indicate as Q. Street, West.

1910, Stephen Leacock, Literary Lapses, "How to Avoid Getting Married"

God... marks The just man, and divulges him through heaven.

1671, John Milton, “The Third Book”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC:


diffraction

/dɪˈfɹækʃən/


dogged

dog 的過去式和過去分詞

At night proctors patrolled the street and dogged your steps if you tried to go into any haunt where the presence of vice was suspected.

They will replace the four five-car Class 180 Adelantes [...] that have been dogged by poor reliability.

2019年December4日, Richard Clinnick, “New Trains Special”, 出自 Rail，第 16 頁:


dogged

源自中古英語 dogged、doggid、doggyd (“像狗一样的性格”)，等价于dog + -ed。

more dogged (comparative)
most dogged (superlative)

Rushing out to the point above the reef, we watched the conflict between canoe and sea. When the man reached the gas boat, the screams of the boy stopped. With great risk they loaded the canoe till she began to take water. The boy bailed furiously. The long dogged pull of the man's oars challenged death inch by inch, wave by wave.

It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.

2004, 克里斯·华莱士, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:

Using the latest technology, and with the dogged determination of our testing and tracing scheme, we've successfully identified the person in question.

2021年March5日, 马特·汉考克（被引）, “Mystery person with Brazil variant found thanks to dogged determination, says Matt Hancock”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


dogged

"I'm afraid I've given him a heap of trouble. You see," he explained, looking at Paul critically, "I never thought of eating before I left town, and one gets so dogged hungry, you know walking. I say it is a long tramp, isn't it?"

1918, Ethel Penman Hope, Dr. Paul，第 127 頁:


doggone

"Hist!" exclaimed Black George. "I'll be dog-gone ef [if] I don't think we're chawed [chewed] up this time, sure as sin!"

1849, Emerson Bennett, Leni-Leoti; or, Adventures in the Far West:

I lost my doggone keys again!

我又把那把破钥匙弄丢了。


doggone

Doggone! I lost my keys again.


dogma

:< 拉丁語 dogma （“教义”） < 古希臘語 δόγμα （“观点，教义”） < δοκέω (dokeō)（“(我)认为”）。 另见 decent。


dolt

在早期现代英语中首次作名词使用，源自英语方言词dold (“愚蠢的，困惑的”)，源自中古英語 dold，dulled、dult (“麻木的”)的变体，dullen、dollen (“使...愚蠢”)的过去分词，源自dull、dul、dwal (“愚蠢的”)。详见dull。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dolt.wav

O Gull, oh dolt, / As ignorant as durt:[…]

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]，第 337 頁:


dilapidate

源自拉丁語 dilapidātus，dilapidō (“用石头摧毁”)的过去分词，源自dis- (程度加强前缀) + lapidō (“用石头砸”)，源自lapis (“石头”)。

In the last days of autumn he had whitewashed the chalet, painted the doors, windows, and veranda, repaired the roof and interior, and improved the place so much that the landlord had warned him that the rent would be raised at the expiration of his twelvemonth's tenancy, remarking that a tenant could not reasonably expect to have a pretty, rain-tight dwelling-house for the same money as a hardly habitable ruin. Smilash had immediately promised to dilapidate it to its former state at the end of the year.

1883, George Bernard Shaw, An Unsocial Socialist, chapter VI

The patrimony of the bishopric of Oxon was much dilapidated.


dilapidated

dilapidate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


dilapidated

more dilapidated (comparative)
most dilapidated (superlative)

破败不堪的，荒废的，快要倒塌的

It was a strange scene, the contrasts which met in that large but dilapidated chamber. It had been the banqueting-hall in the ancient palace of the La Franchi, but the revelry and the splendour had long since passed away.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 I, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 I 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 6 頁:


dim-witted

more dim-witted (comparative)
most dim-witted (superlative)


dinghy

源自孟加拉語 ডিঙি (ḍiṅi)，可能源自梵語 द्रोण (droṇa, “木船”)。

The dinghy was trailing astern at the end of its painter, and Merrion looked at it as he passed. He saw that it was a battered-looking affair of the prahm type, with a blunt snout, and like the parent ship, had recently been painted a vivid green.

1944, Miles Burton, 章號 5, 出自 The Three Corpse Trick:


dinghy

乘小船，小帆船或充气救生筏航行


dotage

dote + -age，源自中古英語 doten (“溺爱；老糊涂”)。

"More care!" said the old man. […] There were in his face marks of deep and anxious thought which convinced me that he could not be, as I had been at first inclined to suppose, in a state of dotage or imbecility.

1841, Charles Dickens, 章號 1, 出自 The Old Curiosity Shop:


dingus

可能有多个词源。部分借自荷蘭語 dinges (“玩意，东西”)、ding (“东西”)。考虑到其在南非的使用，可能也部分借自南非荷兰语。拼写dingus是调整了原词形，使其形似带有后缀-us的拉丁語单词。

"If anybody should come in, and catch you with your breeches, as it were, down on the floor, all you have to do is to drink the water, wrap the rubber dingus around you, and tell them to “lay on Macduff.”

1879, George Wilbur Peck, Peck's Fun, Being Extracts from the "La Crosse Sun," and "Peck's Sun," Milwaukee:

WLK. First radio station. On December 31, 1921, local engineer Francis F. Hamilton's radio station, 9ZJ, signed on with an address from Mayor Samuel (Lew) Shank。Broadcasting from Hamilton's garage at 2011 North Alabama Street, Shank made the city's first radio blooper: "Hamilton, do you mean to tell me that people can actually hear me over that damn' dingus?"

1921年December31日, “WLK”, 出自 The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis, Bloominton, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 出版於 1994, →ISBN，第 1399 頁，第 2 列:

"He took the this-is-unheard-of-but-not-really-serious-of-course attitude of a street fakir whose mechanical dingus flops during a demonstration."

I wet the rod and measured the stuff into the top and by that time the water was steaming. I filled the lower half of the dingus and set it on the flame.

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin 2010, p. 29:

‘Say, what’s that dingus you Britishers wear when you’re playing cricket?

1979, Kyril Bonfiglioli, After You with the Pistol, Penguin 2001, p. 241:

"Drill #40 the .094 [2.4 mm] holes in the dingus. Dimple the #40 holes.”

c. 2010, Van's Aircraft, RV-12 Plans, p. 5-30:

I just lost my keys again. Now I feel like a dingus.

我又把钥匙弄丢了，现在我觉得自己真蠢。

"He got mad at me because his dingus wouldn’t come up for him — too drunk, I guess. […]

1970, Don Tracy, The Last Boat Out of Cincinnati, Trident Press, 出版於 1970, →ISBN，第 74 頁:

And Chester Charles Smithers sucked on that warm black dingus for as long as he could.

2015, Quentin Tarantino, The Hateful Eight, 角色 Major Marquis Warren（Samuel L. Jackson）:

How come you can say dink when you're talking about your jobs but I can't say dink when I'm talking about my dingus?

2018, Tom Gammill and Max Pross, 3 Scenes Plus a Tag From a Marriage, 角色 Bart Simpson（Nancy Cartwright）:


dumbfound

使...愣住，使...怔住


dunderhead

You're the stupidest dunderhead I ever saw or ever heard of, so help me Moses!

1883, Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi, ch. 6:

Poor old fellow's a dunderhead. That's where it is in a nutshell. Never could make a living. . . . Nice old chap as ever lived. Only impractical, dreamy. Gentle as a sheep—and no more capable of running that big, expensive plant than a motherly old ewe.

1915, Basil King, The Side Of The Angels, ch. 3:

Cheney & Company swooned over Mr. Chalabi because he was telling them what they wanted to hear. . . . A half-dozen dunderheads who thought they knew everything assumed they could control Mr. Chalabi and use him as the instrument of their utopian fantasies.

2004 May 23, Maureen Dowd, "Bay of Goats," New York Times (retrieved 29 Nov 2017):


dunk

源自賓夕法尼亞德語 dunke，源自中古高地德語 dunken，源自古高地德語 dunkōn (“蘸，浸”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *þunkōn (“弄湿”)，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *þunkōną，源自原始印歐語 *teng- (“湿”)。
同源词包括德語 tunken (“浸”)、拉丁語 tingō (“弄湿”)、古希臘語 τέγγω (téngō, “弄湿”)。与taint、tincture、tint有关。

I like to dunk my donut in my apple cider.

我喜欢把甜甜圈蘸到苹果酒里。

Parents shouldn't just dunk their kids in front of the TV.

父母不应该随便把小孩丢在电视机前。

The center spun quickly and dunked the ball with authority.

中锋快速转身来了一记强势的灌篮。

（在社交媒体上）骂，贬低，黑 [接 on]


dunk

The point guard threaded a pass with pinpoint precision to the power forward for an easy dunk.

控球后卫准确地将球传给前锋，让其轻而易举地来了一记灌篮。

To rattle the rats to the point where their stress response remained demonstrably hyperactive, the researchers exposed the animals to four weeks of varying stressors: moderate electric shocks, being encaged with dominant rats, prolonged dunks in water.

2009年August18日, Natalie Angier, “Brain Is a Co-Conspirator in a Vicious Stress Loop”, 出自 New York Times:


downtime

停机时间，故障时间 （因电脑故障等而浪费的时间）

同類詞：idle time、uptime

A short internet outage might sound like a trifling matter[…]but for many, the pervasiveness of the so-called “internet of things” meant downtime at Amazon affected their physical life as well as their digital one.

2017年March1日, Alex Hern, “How did an Amazon glitch leave people literally in the dark?”, 出自 The Guardian:

As the world turns inward, trapped inside in various stages of pandemic quarantine, numerous songwriting luminaries (often blessed with their own in-home studios) have tried to use the downtime creatively—from Millennial stars like Taylor Swift and Ariana Grande to longtime veterans like Bruce Springsteen and Elvis Costello.

2020年November9日, Gwen Ihnat, “With McCartney III, Paul McCartney offers lessons from a legendary life”, 出自 The A.V. Club:

I've been working all weekend. I need some downtime.

我整个周末都在工作，我需要休息一下。

But scientists point to an unanticipated side effect: when people keep their brains busy with digital input, they are forfeiting downtime that could allow them to better learn and remember information, or come up with new ideas.

2010年August24日, Matt Richtel, “Digital Devices Deprive Brain of Needed Downtime”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

“‘We need to use the downtime, when things are calm, to prepare for when things get serious in the decades to come,’ he has said. ‘The time we have now is valuable, and we need to make use of it.’”

2021年March19日, James Fallows, 引 Demis Hassabis, “Can Humans Be Replaced by Machines?”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


downtrodden

源自downtrod的过去分词。

more downtrodden (comparative)
most downtrodden (superlative)

a patch of downtrodden soil


downtrodden

源自downtrod的过去分词。


dramaturgy

/ˈdɹæməˌtɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒi/


disadvantageous

more disadvantageous (comparative)
most disadvantageous (superlative)


disadvantageously

more disadvantageously (comparative)
most disadvantageously (superlative)


dreadnought

名取自无畏号战列舰（HMS Dreadnought），第一艘该类型的战列舰，源自dread + nought，即“无畏”。

Perturbed at being overtaken, the USS Texas is leading the 6th Battle Squadron at 22-and-a-half knots as the engineers pour everything they have into the effort. Behind the colossal clouds of smoke and cinders they put out come a seemingly-endless stream of dreadnoughts, battle flags flying from every mast and line they can find. It is the Grand Fleet.

2018年October17日, Drachinifel, 片头起18:32, 出自 Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918，於2022-08-04歸檔自原頁面:

Sovereign is the flagship of the rogue Spectre Saren. An enormous dreadnought larger than any other ship in any known fleet, Sovereign is crewed with both geth and krogan. At two kilometers long, its spinal-mounted main gun is likely capable of penetrating another dreadnought's kinetic barriers with a single shot.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →ISBN, →OCLC，幕：Sovereign Codex entry:

（同类中）最大的东西，最强的东西

"Much obliged to you, ma'am!" says Mr. Guppy, divesting himself of his wet dreadnought in the hall.

1853, Charles Dickens, 章號 7, 出自 Bleak House:


drear

drearer (comparative)
drearest (superlative)

Earth raised up her head
From the darkness dread and drear,

1794, William Blake, Earth's Answer, lines 1-2

I spoke, perplexed by something in the signs
Of desolation I had seen and heard
In this drear pilgrimage to ruined shrines:

1874, James Thomson, The City of Dreadful Night:

Now dreary dawns the eastern light,
And fall of eve is drear, …

1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems, XXVIII, lines 1-2


drear

She thankt him deare / Both for that newes he did to her impart, / And for the courteous care which he did beare / Both to her love and to her selfe in that sad dreare.

1596, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book VI, Canto II”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dreary

源自中古英語 drery，源自古英語 drēoriġ (“悲伤的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *dreuzagaz (“血腥的”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰrews- (“破坏，粉碎”)，等价于drear + -y。同源词包括荷蘭語 treurig (“悲伤的，阴郁的”)、低地德語 trurig (“悲伤的”)、德語 traurig (“悲伤的”)、古諾爾斯語 dreyrigr (“血腥的”)。与古英語 drēor (“血，滴下的血”)、古英語 drysmian (“变阴沉”)有关。

drearier (comparative)
more dreary (comparative)
dreariest (superlative)
most dreary (superlative)

阴沉的，荒凉的，凄凉的，悲怆的

It had rained for three days straight, and the dreary weather dragged the townspeople's spirits down.

雨连续下了三天，阴沉的天气使人们的心情也郁郁寡欢。

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary...

在好久以前一个凄凉的午夜，疲惫不堪的我想道...

It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils.

1818, Mary Shelley, 章號 V, 出自 Frankenstein, 第 1 卷:

剧烈的，严重的，骇人听闻的


disarming

more disarming (comparative)
most disarming (superlative)

a disarming smile

Foremost in her arsenal is that smile – so enormous and so absurdly disarming that someone should have worked out a way to harness its power into international conflict resolution.

2014年January21日, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Review):


disarming

disarm 的現在時分詞和動名詞


drivers

驱动器；司机（driver 的複數）


disco

〈可数，稍陈旧〉discotheque的缩简；跳舞的夜店。

〈不可数〉迪斯科（音乐）；的士高（音乐）


discography

/ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/

（某歌手，乐队等的）作品完整合集

（某歌手，乐队等的）完整作品目录


drudge

源自中古英語 druggen，可能与古英語 drēogan (“做；受苦”)有关。

drudge work

替别人做事的人，被别人差使或利用的人


drudge

Rise to our Toils and drudge away the day.


discombobulate

befuddle

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

perplex

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

confuse

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

迷惑，使...困惑，使...慌张，让...糊涂，让...摸不着头脑

Can't you and I pretend to quarrel? A personal assault by you on me will wake these people up and discombobulate Goldsmith. Say the word—only don't hit too hard.

1895, John Kendrick Bangs, “Story-tellers' Night”, 出自 A House-Boat on the Styx, New York: Harper & Brothers, 出版於 1901，第 132 頁:

The notes zigzag in his pieces and discombobulate the ear, just as in 12-tone works.

1999年December13日, Anthony Tommasini, “MUSIC REVIEW; Plenty Of Zigzags, But Hold The Angst”, 出自 The New York Times，第 E3 頁:

First, distract target. Then block his blind jab. Counter with cross to left cheek. Discombobulate. Dazed, he'll attempt wild haymaker. Employ elbow block.

2009年December25日, Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham, Simon Kinberg, 片头起17:18, 出自 Sherlock Holmes, 角色 Sherlock Holmes（Robert Downey Jr.）:


dryad

源自古法語 driade (“树精”)，源自拉丁語 Dryas, Dryadis，源自古希臘語 Δρυάς (Druás, “森林女仙”)，源自δρῦς (drûs, “橡木”)，源自原始印歐語 *derew(o)- (“树，木”)，对比原始印歐語 *dóru (“树”)。

同類詞：Meliai

There it had stood for years, close beside a mighty oak, under which sat often the kindly old priest, who told stories to the listening children. The young chestnut tree listened with them: the Dryad inside it, who was still a child, could remember the time when the tree was so small that it only reached a little higher than the ferns and long blades of grass.

1914, Hans Christian Andersen, “The Dryad”, 出自 William Alexander Craigie（譯者）, Fairy tales and other stories:


discourteous

more discourteous (comparative)
most discourteous (superlative)

Kirk, who succeeded Drumright, had an unusually short tour of duty in Taipei—only about a year. Despite the shortness of his duty, he left the impression of being an old sea captain who would have felt more at home barking his orders from the bridge than heading an important diplomatic mission. There was nothing civil or gentle about him, and even in talking to President Chiang, he sounded gruff and blunt. I could see that the President really didn't enjoy the envoy's company, but he remained unperturbed and discussed in a calm and friendly manner whatever had prompted the Ambassador to seek the audience. Once I heard him remark half to himself: "How could anyone be so discourteous?"

1983, James C. H. Shen, “Rejoining the Government”, 出自 Robert Myers 編, The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally, Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，第 32 頁:


discourteously

more discourteously (comparative)
most discourteously (superlative)


earlobe

ear lobe的另一種拼寫法


earshot

I'll row out on the lake but stay within earshot.

我准备划进湖里，但是我会待在能听得到的地方。

Ananda hit the target, an iron drum，源自a distance of two earshots. Devadatta，源自a distance of four earshots, Sundarananda from a distance of six earshots, and Dandapani [found his target] from one league.

2013, Buton Richen Drup, Buton's History of Buddhism in India and Its Spread to Tibet:


earthenware

/ˈəːθ(ə)nwɛː/

同類詞：stoneware

earthenware bowl


encroach

源自中古英語 encrochen，源自古法語 encrochier (“占领”)，源自古法語 en- + croc (“钩子”)，源自日耳曼語族。详见crook。

占有，侵占，侵犯；蚕食，侵蚀

Now stands the Brere like a lord alone, / Puffed up with pryde and vaine pleasaunce. / But all this glee had no continuaunce: / For eftsones winter gan to approche; / The blustering Boreas did encroche, / And beate upon the solitarie Brere; / For nowe no succoure was seene him nere.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: Conteyning Tvvelue Æglogues Proportionable to the Twelue Monethes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman most Worthy of all Titles both of Learning and Cheualrie M. Philip Sidney, London: Printed by Hugh Singleton, dwelling in Creede Lane neere vnto Ludgate at the signe of the gylden Tunne, and are there to be solde, OCLC 606515406; republished in Francis J[ames] Child, editor, The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser: The Text Carefully Revised, and Illustrated with Notes, Original and Selected by Francis J. Child: Five Volumes in Three, volume III, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, Cambridge, published 1855, OCLC 793557671, page 406, lines 222–228:

Because change itself would absolutely stay-stable, and again, conversely, stability itself would change, if each of them encroached on the other.

2005, Plato, 譯者 Lesley Brown, Sophist，第 252d 頁:

I won't encroach on your time any longer.

He never allows work to encroach upon his family life.

他从不让工作占领他和家人的时间。

Gradually the negative feelings encroached into her work.

负面情绪渐渐地侵蚀她的工作。


encroach

All that we see, all colours of all shade,
 By encroach of darkness made?

1805, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, What is Life?:

Shorey was among the most vociferous opponents of the encroach of scientism and utilitarianism in education and society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

2002, Caroline Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, JHU Press, 出版於 2002，第 116 頁:


ecdysiast

:由 H. L. Mencken 在 ecdysis（ + enthusiast 等）的基础上创造。


exquisite

源自拉丁語 exquīsītus，exquīrō (“找出，找到”)的过去分词。

more exquisite (comparative)
most exquisite (superlative)

上好的，优质的，杰出的，突出的，卓越的

They sell good coffee and pastries, but their chocolate is exquisite.

他们卖的咖啡和糕点不错，但是他们的巧克力很棒。

Sourav Ganguly scored an exquisite century in his debut Test match.

exquisite pain or pleasure

挑剔的，严苛的，非常讲究的

exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment

严格的判断，挑剔的品味或挑剔的眼光


exquisite

花花公子 （自20世纪初叶）

It is impossible to meet with a more finished coxcomb than a Broadway exquisite, or a “Broadway swell,” which is the designation attached to him on the spot.

1849, Alexander Mackay, The western world; or, travels in the United States in 1846-87 (page 93)

So striking was his appearance that two exquisites, emerging from the Savoy Hotel and pausing on the pavement to wait for a vacant taxi, eyed him with pained disapproval as he approached, and then, starting, stared in amazement.
#*:: 'Good Lord!' said the first exquisite.

1925, P. G. Wodehouse, Sam the Sudden, Random House, London:2007, p. 42.


exteriorly

more exteriorly (comparative)
most exteriorly (superlative)


extol

借自拉丁語 extollō (“升起，升高”)。

Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.

我的僕人行事必有智慧，必被高舉上升，且成為至高。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 52:13:


extortionate

源自extortion + -ate (“以...为特征的”之意的形容词化后缀)。

more extortionate (comparative)
most extortionate (superlative)

/ɛkˈstɔːʃənət/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-extortionate.wav

/ɛkˈstɔɹʃənət/

extortionable

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

extortious

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

modest

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

unextortionate

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

Now it is certain the Roman prieſts are not only ſeemingly very religious and really very extortionate, but are extortionate by means of religion, and make their prayers and maſſes the grand pretence for their exactions.

1745, Thomas Newton, “Pharisaism and Popery Parallel’d, in a Sermon Preach’d in the Parish Church of St. Mary-le-Bow, and Grosvenor Chapel, on Occasion of the Present Rebellion in Scotland. October 1745.”, 出自 Two Sermons; […], London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson and S. Draper, →OCLC，第 42 頁:

It is said the daily increase in opium is owing to the negligence of officers in enforcing the interdicts? The laws and enactments are the means which extortionate underlings and worthless vagrants employ to benefit themselves; and the more complete the laws are, the greater and more numerous are the bribes paid to the extortionate underlings, and the more subtle are the schemes of such worthless vagrants.

1854 April, F[rancis] O[rmand] J[onathan] Smith, “Art. II.—Experimental Legislation on the Opium Trade in China, and on the Liquor Trade of the United States.”, 出自 Freeman Hunt 編, Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine and Commercial Review, 第 XXX 卷, 第 IV 期, New York, N.Y.: [Freeman Hunt], →OCLC，第 425–426 頁s:

English travellers who have visited Jerash may remember a handsome but extortionate and insolent Arab sheikh at Sûf, who demanded, and always with success, an extortionate sum as blackmail, for which he gave them an escort and protection during their visit to the ruins.

1880, Laurence Oliphant, 章號 VI, 出自 The Land of Gilead with Excursions in the Lebanon, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，第 177 頁:

As regards food for police, it is much more satisfactory, in a new district, to have them fed by Government and not given money or trade goods in lieu of rations, as is often done. If they are allowed to buy their own food from the natives they will impose on the raw savage, and frequently abuse their authority by making extortionate demands under threat of punishment.

1914, C[hauncey] H[ugh] Stigand, “The Commencement of Administration”, 出自 Administration in Tropical Africa, London: Constable & Company, →OCLC，第 36 頁:

The moneylenders – sometimes so extortionate that people pledged their slaves and sacred relics – were Uighurs from the west.

2006, Colin Thubron, “The Capital”, 出自 Shadow of the Silk Road, London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN，第 20 頁:

Interrogational torture of the sort envisaged in the last paragraph—where P's close relatives are subject to brutal mistreatment to impel P to disclose some desired information—is itself a specimen of extortionate torture.

2014, Matthew H[enry] Kramer, “Introduction II: What is Torture?”, 出自 Torture and Moral Integrity: A Philosophical Inquiry, Oxford, Oxforshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, section 2.2.4 (Extortionate Torture)，第 68 頁:

过高的，高得离谱的；过于昂贵的

[Y]ou get from farms ſo occupied, houſe lamb, veal, graſs lamb, a little mutton, and leſs beef, whilſt for either article ſeparately, or jointly, you are worked up to pay prices, not leſt than extortionate; […]

1797, J. Mathews, “Respecting the Acres”, 出自 Remarks on the Cause and Progress of the Scarcity and Dearness of Cattle, Swine Cheese, &. &. […], London: […] M. Ritchie; [s]old by N. Scarlett, […], →OCLC，第 197 頁:

On the other hand, to say that this defendant, under this charter, has the power to charge whatever it pleases for passenger fares, without regard to their being reasonable or unreasonable, fair compensation or extortionate, is a power that I equally deny.

1872年December7日, Justice Wood, “Kankakee Circuit Court, Ill. December Term, 1872. Stephen R. Moore v. The Illinois Central R. R. Co.”, 出自 Myra Bradwell 編, The Chicago Legal News: A Journal of Legal Intelligence, 第 V 卷, 第 11 (number 219 overall) 期, Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Legal News Company, 出版於 1873, →OCLC，第 124 頁，第 1 列:

Down the coast among the sandhills is Blankenberg, a growing rival to Ostend, with which a steam tram connects it. The sands are firm and clean, and the hotels not unpleasantly extortionate.

1902年August15日, “The Enquiry Bureau”, 出自 The Photographic News. The Journal for Amateur Photographers, 第 XLVI 卷, 第 346 (New Series) 期, London: Published by the proprietors, […], →OCLC，第 528 頁，第 2 列:

A number of members of the committee visited the principal restaurants and cafés, and at each in turn pointed out the extortionate nature of the prices shown on the menu, requesting the proprietors to reduce immediately the prices to a reasonable figure.

1919年September12日, “Roumanian Notes”, 出自 The Near East: A Weekly Review of Oriental Politics, Literature, Finance, and Commerce, 第 XVI 卷, 第 436 期, London: The Near East Editorial and Publishing Offices, →OCLC，第 272 頁，第 2 列:

At an extortionate price, he had obtained a hire car to take him to Homs, and from there he intended to cross the border and proceed to Beirut.

2013, Jack Higgins [pseudonym; Henry Patterson], 章號 1, 出自 The Death Trade, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, 出版於 2014, →ISBN，第 3 頁:


engender

源自中古法語 engendrer，源自拉丁語 ingenerāre，源自in- + generāre (“产生”)。

成为...的父亲（指男性）；怀有，孕育（指女性） （14-19世纪）

产下，生下 （生物） （自14世纪）

Like all interesting literary figures, he is full of tacit as well as of uttered reference to the conditions that engendered him […]。

1891, Henry James, "James Russell Lowell", Essays in London and Elsewhere, p.60:

造成，导致；创造 （某种情况，结果，特质） （自14世纪）

Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart managed to engender "Better Be Good to Me" and "I Must Love You," but they were neither lyrically nor musically up to standards of their Garrick Gaieties or A Connecticut Yankee.

1928, "New Plays in Manhattan", Time, 8 Oct.:

Manufacturing is not simply about brute or emergency economics. It's also about a sense of involvement and achievement engendered by shaping and crafting useful, interesting, well-designed things.

2009, Jonathan Glancey, "The art of industry", The Guardian, 21 Dec.:

Thick Clouds are ſpread, and Storms engender there,
 And Thunders Voice, which wretched Mortals fear,
 And Winds that on their Wings, cold Winter bear.

a. 1700, John Dryden, transl., “Ovid’s Metamorphoses”, 出自 Poems on Various Occasions; and Translations from Several Authors, London: Jacob Tonson, 出版於 1701, book I，第 147 頁:

交媾 （15-19世纪）

But that the bodies of the Reprobate, who make the Kingdome of Satan, ſhall alſo be glorious, or ſpirituall bodies, or that they ſhall bee as the Angels of God, neither eating, nor, drinking, nor engendering[…], there is no place of Scripture to prove it[…]

1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Kingdome of Darknesse”, 出自 Leviathan, Or The Matter Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: Andrew Crooke，第 343 頁:

I fled, but he purſu’d (though more, it ſeems,
 Inflam’d with luſt then rage) and ſwifter far,
 Me overtook his mother all diſmaid,
 And in embraces forcible and foule
 Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
 Theſe yelling Monſters that with ceaſleſs cry
 Surround me, as thou ſawſt[…]

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 790–800 行s:


engender

给...赋予性别；强调...的性别 （自20世纪）

As such they are an important way of understanding both how texts are engendered (how they articulate particular sex or gender role) and how they engender their consumers.

1992, Anne Cranny-Francis, Engendered Fictions，第 2 頁:

I focus on […] the efforts of feminist critics of science to examine the engendered origins and implications of scientific rationality and modern epistemology.

1996, Steven C Ward, Reconfiguring Truth，第 xviii 頁:


extravaganza

extravaganzas (plural)
extravaganze (plural)

华丽，奇特的作品 （音乐，文学作品或戏剧）

不羁的，混乱的或奢华的行动或活动

The bride had her heart set on a simple wedding, but her parents insisted on a three-hundred-guest extravaganza.

新娘本来已经决定要办一场简单的婚礼了，但她父母坚持要办一个300个来宾的盛宴。


enigma

源自拉丁語 aenigma (“谜语”)，派生自古希臘語动名词αἴνιγμα (aínigma, “隐晦的交流，阴暗的话语”)。

Watching a coast as it slips by the ship is like thinking about an enigma.

1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, 出自 Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine，第 202 頁:


enjoin

源自中古英語 enjoinen，源自古法語 enjoindre (“加入”)，源自拉丁語 iniungo (“依附”)，由in- (“进入，在...之上”)和iungo构成的复合词。

to confirm these days of Purim in their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Esther 9:31:

At some landmark in the jungle the beater halted, pointed to the ground as a sign that this spot would do, and put his finger on his lips to enjoin silence.

1934, George Orwell, 章號 14, 出自 Burmese Days:

They [the Noahide laws] also enjoin the establishment of a just system of laws and courts.

2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary，第 15 頁:

In 1983, BLM was enjoined by court order from using any herbicides in its Medford, Oregon District. Subsequent court action in 1984 enjoined BLM from the use of herbicides throughout Oregon and the U.S. Forest Service was similarly enjoined throughout Region 6 (Pacific Northwest).

1989, U.S. Department of the Interior, 章號 1, 出自 Western Oregon Program-Management of Competing Vegetation: Proposed Record of Decision, Bureau of Land Management，第 9 頁:

the judicial power of the United States had no power to enjoin the executive branch of the government from the execution of a constitutional duty or of a constitutional law

1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law:


enmity

源自中古英語 enemyte，源自古法語 enemisté、ennemistié，源自晚期拉丁語、通俗拉丁語 *inimīcitās, *inimīcitātem，源自拉丁語 inimīcus (“敌人”)。同源词有法語 inimitié、葡萄牙語 inimizade、西班牙語 enemistad。等价于enemy + -ity。

Some later Muses from Ionia and Sicily reckoned it safest to weave together both versions and say that that which is both many and one, held together by both enmity and amity.

2005, Plato, 譯者 Lesley Brown, Sophist，第 242e 頁:

I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways.

1945年August17日, George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair], 章號 1, 出自 Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


exude

拉丁語 exudare、exsudare (“流汗”)，源自ex- (“出”) + sudare (“流汗”)，源自sudor (“汗”)。

There are five hundred and fifty-five trees, and they exude the sweetest odours

1870, William Henry Wilkins, The Romance of Isabel

The molten glass exudes into the space outside the outer crucible, and a filament is pulled from the exudant to form a cored glass fiber.

2013, Vladimir G. Plekhanov, Applications of the Isotopic Effect in Solids (page 258)


ennui

:< 法語 ennui < 古法語 enui （“烦扰”） < enuier（见 ennuyer、annoy） < 通俗拉丁語 inodiare < 拉丁語 odium （“憎恶”）。


enrapture

/ɪnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ɛnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

使...欣喜，使...陶醉

Her song enraptured the audience with vivid images of the Scandinavian landscapes.

她的歌曲让观众陶醉于斯堪的纳维亚的景色中。


enshrine

A Phœnix, gaz'd by all, as that ſole Bird / When, to enſhrine his reliques in the Sun’s / Bright temple, to Ægyptian Theb's he flies.

1667, John Milton, “Book V”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 272–274 行s:

At the centre of Muhammad's achievement was the extraordinary poetry which enshrined his revelations.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, 出版於 2010，第 256 頁:

Other measures, such as compensation for victims, will be enshrined in the proposed new law.

其他手段，比如补偿受害者，将出现于新法中。

The links were mostly to newspaper articles and public records, and Google refused to comply, but with the “right to be forgotten” enshrined as a key objective of the European Union’s 2011 data protection strategy, more and bigger cases are likely to follow.

2011年April19日, Sumit Paul-Choudhury, “Digital legacy: The fate of your online soul”, 出自 NewScientist:

In total, it would have enshrined over 100 rights into Chile’s national charter, more than any other constitution in the world, including the right to housing, education, clean air, water, food, sanitation, internet access, retirement benefits, free legal advice and care “from birth to death.”

2022年September4日, Jack Nicas, “Chile Says ‘No’ to Left-Leaning Constitution After 3 Years of Debate”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


eerie

源自中古英語 eri (“害怕的”)，源自古英語 earg (“胆小的，害怕的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *argaz。与低地蘇格蘭語 ergh, argh同源，源自同一古英语词。argh 的同源對似詞。

eerier (comparative)
eeriest (superlative)

creepy

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

spooky

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

怪异的，诡异的，怪诞的，离奇的，令人毛骨悚然的

The eerie sounds seemed to come from the graveyard after midnight.

午夜过后那片坟地好像有诡异的声音传来。

Dan was beginning to feel very depressed when suddenly the eerie howl of a dingo rang out[.]

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co.，第 13 頁，第 2 列:

She began to feel eerie.

'It is my business to read the hearts o' men,' said the other.
'And who may ye be?' said Heriotside, growing eerie.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide


eerie

I'm not sure, indeed, that we didn't scare the eagles from their eeries; at all events we thought we did.

1884, Gordon Stables, O'er Many Lands, on Many Seas，第 114 頁:

They hang suspended over precipices, these rocky eeries of grim birds of prey that bequeath their appetite for murder and loot to their brood.

1910, Hans Adolf Erwein Max graf von Königsmarck, P. H. Oakley Williams, A German Staff Officer in India:

Of the heavenly azure, and of the eeries suspended on the highest rocks they had indeed heard something, but they had never seen them, and in spite of their wishes it was no longer the old keen home-sickness of the old eagles.

1912 December, Joseph Stutzin, “The Children of the Eagle”, 出自 Israel Goldberg（譯者）, The Maccabæan: A Magazine of Jewish Life and Letters, 第 22 卷, 第 6 號，第 184 頁:

What was it that had driven them forth from their wooded mountain eeries to wait and watch for that one short moment, when the figure of an old man clad in a plain black military tunic would become visible at the saloon-window of a crawling train, to watch a wrinkled hand wave a fleeting greeting?

1914, Walter Bloem, The Iron Year，第 78 頁:

But his army reached Buñola at the head of the pass, and at once, like a whirlwind, the Moors swept down from their eeries and gave battle.

1932, Nina Larrey Duryea, Mallorca the Magnificent，第 26 頁:

Other of these terrible Eeries began now to congregate beneath the canoe, taking courage by the example of their cowardly companion, all alike curious about this charming visitant in the upper world.

1880, Charles Martin Newell, Kalani of Oahu: An Historical Romance of Hawaii，第 255 頁:

I tell you it's weirdsville down there, a spaced-out botanical Twilight Zone of creepies, crawlies, eeries, and ghastlies.

2013, Robert Silverberg, “A Science-Fiction Garden”, 出自 Reflections and Refractions:

Just a couple of eeries looking to get squamous, to swipe a little snatch of wholesome fun from the funktacular funerary fundament belonging to the Big Boss, a hit big enough to drop our brains out the bottoms of our various appendages and forget the essential, unalterable, sanity-shearing truth of our watery and unfleeling cosmos: R'lyeh sucks.

2017 September/October, Catherynne M. Valente, “Down and Out in R'lyeh”, 出自 Uncanny Magazine, 第 18 號，第 41 頁:

If circumstances were even slightly different, I would allow my eeries to descend upon you and do as they pleased. After what your two friends caused here the last time, you're lucky I'm managing to hold them back at all.

2021, Steve Conoboy, Refrain Of The Fallen:


eery

eerie的另一種拼寫法


ensnare

When we were asked to what one should apply the name “what is not”, we were ensnared in total paradox. Remember?

2005: Plato, Sophist, Translation by Lesley Brown, 250d-e,

But electric vehicles and the batteries that made them run became ensnared in corporate scandals, fraud, and monopolistic corruption that shook the confidence of the nation and inspired automotive upstarts.

2006, Edwin Black, 章號 1, 出自 Internal Combustion:


effervescent

源自法語 effervescent，源自拉丁語 effervēscō (“将...煮沸”)。

more effervescent (comparative)
most effervescent (superlative)

"It is rarely in human life," rejoined Douglas, "we realize the inimitable paintings our imaginations form, and less so during the effervescent period of youth. The bright impression glows upon the fancy, ravishes the mental view, but ere long vanishes, and leaves the prospect desolate and forlorn."

1838, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Duty and Inclination, 第 III 卷, London: Henry Colburn，第 223 頁:

The effervescent Suarez then went close again as he worked space for a shot after a mazy run but could not keep his close-range shot below the crossbar.

2012年April22日, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, 出自 BBC Sport:


egregious

源自拉丁語 ēgregius，源自e- (“自，从”) + grex (“群，群体”) + 英语形容词后缀-ous，源自晚期拉丁语后缀-osus (“充满...的”)，反映了带有正面色彩的“出类拔萃”。

more egregious (comparative)
most egregious (superlative)

/ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/

/əˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒi.əs/

严重的，剧烈的 （尤带有负面色彩）

The student has made egregious errors on the examination.

学生在考试时犯了很严重的错误。

I cannot cross my arms, or sigh "Ah me," / "Ah me forlorn!" egregious foppery! / I cannot buss thy fill, play with thy hair, / Swearing by Jove, "Thou art most debonnaire!"

Good Heaven! when we observe what egregious nonsense other people talk, what woful follies other people commit, sure we must be tempted to turn upon ourselves and ask—"What do I do that is equally silly?"

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXXI, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 III 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 257 頁:

When the goal is simply to be as faithful as possible to the material—as if a movie were a marriage, and a rights contract the vow—the best result is a skillful abridgment, one that hits all the important marks without losing anything egregious.

22 March 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/

She's sitting opposite a window that's gently breezing into her face, wafting her hair into cover-girl perfection ... It's a little moment that seems to encapsulate her appeal: ... her gorgeousness being so egregious that even breezes oblige with their tousle-fanning effects ...

2014年January21日, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Review):

非常坏的，非常糟糕的，骇人听闻的


egress

The window provides an egress in the event of an emergency.

紧急情况下窗口可以当做出口。

Gates of burning adamant, / Barred over us, prohibit all egress.

1667, John Milton, “Book 2”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. […] She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.

1910, Emerson Hough, 章號 I, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

We also found that the only emergency egress from the tram was by smashing the front or rear windscreens, and that emergency lighting had failed when the tram overturned.

2021年December29日, Dominique Louis, “Causal analysis: crashworthiness at Sandilands”, 出自 RAIL, 第 947 期，第 33 頁:

Buildings or portions thereof shall be provided with a means of egress system as required this chapter. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, construction and arrangement of means egress components required to provide an approved means of egress from structures and portions thereof.

2003, International Building Code (IBC), Chapter 10 section 1001.1:

复现 （一个天体在经历蚀之后重新出现。）


enthrall

bewitch

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

captivate

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

charm

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enchant

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

transfix

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enslave

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

subjugate

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

disenthrall

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

In the center of the circle of glittering black bodies he leaped and roared and shook his heavy spear in the same mad abandon that enthralled his fellow savages. The last remnant of his civilization was forgotten—he was a primitive man to the fullest now; reveling in the freedom of the fierce, wild life he loved, gloating in his kingship among these wild blacks.

1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, 章號 17, 出自 The Return of Tarzan:

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

[…] Who oft as undeservedly enthrall / His outward freedom: Tyranny must be;

1667, John Milton, “Book XII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


eh

自然的exclamation。首个书面记录见于16世纪中叶。可能是aye的无重音变体。
菲律宾相关义项可能受到了他加祿語 eh和/或西班牙語 eh的影响。

meh

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

对吧，是吧 （用作附加疑问句，强调前句或请求听话人对此发表意见。）

These hot dogs are pretty good, eh?

这些热狗还可以呢，是吧？

什么？ （单独使用，表示希望重复或进一步解释刚才的话，对比what、pardon。）

什么？，啊？，哈？ （单独使用，表达惊讶或困惑，对比wha、huh、za。）

（用于强调，确保听话人注意到自己所说的事物。）

I went to the restaurant, eh, but my friends didn't show up.

唉，啊 （表达冷漠，无所谓）

—Do you feel like going out tonight?
—Eh, I don't know.

-你今晚想去玩吗？
-呃，不清楚。

"Look, Mom; I made the real rocket, based on the macaroni prototype!" "...Eh."

2010, Chris Renaud, Pierre Coffin 導演, Despicable Me:

（表达对前述理由的担心）

—Why is it like this?
—Eh, It's like that eh.


eh

My French fries were eh.


eh

源自閩南語和官話 欸 (ê̄ / ế / ê̌ / --eh, 叹词)。

喂 （用于唤起某人注意）

喂 （表示反對、不讚成）

Ey, please don't say that...


entrancing

entrance 的現在時分詞和動名詞


entrancing

more entrancing (comparative)
most entrancing (superlative)


entrench

/ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

将...用壕沟围起来，用壕沟防守

The army entrenched its camp, or entrenched itself.

军队用在军营周围挖了壕沟。 或 军队用壕沟进行防守。

Senator Cornpone was able to entrench by spending millions on each campaign.

Cornpone参议员在竞选活动上花了上百万以后才得以巩固自己的地位。

Given these entrenched ideological assumptions about the colonial order, it is no wonder that the state and those groups with an interest in the status quo viewed with suspicion and hostility any challenges to the fixed and "natural" boundaries between different sorts of people.

2009, Andrew B. Fisher, Matthew O'Hara, “Forward”, 出自 Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America，第 4 頁:

For London to have its own exclusive immigration policy would exacerbate the sense that immigration benefits only certain groups and disadvantages the rest. It would entrench the gap between London and the rest of the nation. And it would widen the breach between the public and the elite that has helped fuel anti-immigrant hostility.

2013年September28日, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-28:

入侵；占领，抢占；擅闯 （常带on或upon）

His face
 Deep scars of thunder had entrenched.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


eke out

源自弃用词eke (“添加，使...增加”) + out。

The old man eked out his pension by selling vegetables from his garden.

老人靠卖花园里的蔬菜来让自己的养老金多一些。

Now the reaſons why they teach the calves to drink ſo ſoon are various. [...] Secondly, the goodwife ſaves milk by this way of drinking, for ſhe quickly ekes out the milk with pottage, &c.

1694年September28日, John Houghton, compiler, “A Letter from a Lancashire Friend about Breeding Cattle. […]”, 出自 Richard Bradley 編, Husbandry and Trade Improv’d: Being a Collection of Many Valuable Materials Relating to Corn, Cattle, Coals, Hops, Wool, &c. […] In Three Volumes, 第 CXIII 期, London: Prin[t]ed for Woo[d]man and Lyon […], 出版於 1727, →OCLC，第 303 頁:

[T]he author [William Belsham] ekes out his volume with a great many extraneous details, which relate to a ſubſequent period; [...] The whole work is ſingularly confuſed and deſultory: and, indeed, the plan which the author adopts, is altogether incompatible with that unity and coherence which is eſſential to hiſtory.

1805 July, “Art. XIV. History of Great Britain. By William Belsham. Vol. XI. and XII. London, 1805. 8vo. [book review]”, 出自 The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 第 VI 卷, 第 XII 期, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, […], for Archibald Constable & Co. […], and Longman Hurst Rees and Orme, […], →OCLC，第 428 頁:

He eked out a living selling vegetables from the garden.

他靠卖花园里的蔬菜勉强度日。

[…]stylistically raw work known as outsider art that was frequently made by Southern blacks and whites who eked out livings as farmers or repairmen.

2001年October23日, Roberta Smith, “Howard Finster, Folk Artist and Preacher, Dies at 84”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

But before too long, the rations that Parivash was ekeing out to feed them fell short and the tension that sprang from so many families piled in together overflowed.

2011, Kamin Mohammadi, “Displaced”, 出自 The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN; paperback版, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, →ISBN，第 197 頁:

British tycoon Richard Branson stole the show here Wednesday, announcing that he and his family would be on Virgin Galactic's first trip into space, as Airbus and Boeing eked out more plane orders.

2012年July12日, Ben Perry, “Branson’s spaceship steals the spotlight at airshow”, 出自 Yahoo! News，於2020-04-26歸檔自原頁面:

Her stomach growled at the prospect of eating roast rabbit for breakfast; the last time she had eaten meat had been three days ago. Since then, they had been ekeing out the last dusty contents of a sack of oats, watered down and cooked to make a sloppy gruel.

2013, Meriel Fuller, 章號 1, 出自 The Knight’s Fugitive Lady (Harlequin Historical; 370), Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Enterprises, →ISBN，第 7 頁:


eldritch

源自早期形式elritch，其词源不详。一般认为后半部分-ritch是古英語 rīċe (“王国”)（参见riche）。一部分人认为前半部分el-派生自一个指“外来，陌生”的古英语词根（与古英語 ellende和现代英语else有关），有些人则认为其派生自elf。因霍华德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特的著作而重新引入大众文学。

more eldritch (comparative)
most eldritch (superlative)

/ˈɛl.dɹɪt͡ʃ/

超自然的，渗人的，恐怖的，怪异的，离奇的

So Maggie runs, the witches follow,
Wi' mony an eldritch skriech and hollo.

Pearl, in utter scorn of her mother's attempt to quiet her, gave an eldritch scream, and then became silent.

1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 章號 VII, 出自 The Scarlet Letter:

The large vessel's dark form was massive, eldritch, as it loomed off the Cushing's port bow in the flash-lit darkness. This was the Hiei. The recognition of the battleship spread down the van, from the Cushing to the Laffey to the Sterett to the O'Bannon.

2011, James D. Hornfischer, “28: Into the Light”, 出自 Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, retrieved 2022-11-23，第 276 頁:


ephemeral

源自新拉丁語 ephemerus，源自古希臘語 ἐφήμερος (ephḗmeros)，ἐφημέριος (ephēmérios, “仅持续一天的；仅在白天的；仅存活一天的；短命的；暂时的”)的更常见形式，源自ἐπί (epí, “在...之上，在”) + ἡμέρα (hēméra, “一天”)。

ephemeron

短暂的事物，转瞬即逝的事物

短暂的事物，转瞬即逝的事物


ephemeral

more ephemeral (comparative)
most ephemeral (superlative)

Esteem, lasting esteem, the esteem of good men, like himself, will be his reward, when the gale of ephemeral popularity shall have gradually subsided.

1821-1822, Vicesimus Knox, Remarks on the tendency of certain Clauses in a Bill now pending in Parliament to degrade Grammar Schools

sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy

1853, James Stephen, Lecture on the right use of Books:

It was during an access of this kind that I suddenly left my home, and bending my steps towards the near Alpine valleys, sought in the magnificence, the eternity of such scenes, to forget myself and my ephemeral, because human, sorrows.

1818, Mary Shelley, 章號 9, 出自 Frankenstein，於2012-04-03歸檔自原頁面:

仅存在一天的，仅存活一天的 （如花朵，昆虫，疾病等）

常年干涸但会在降雨时出现的

The graben constitutes a depositional basin and a topographic low, underlain by Cretaceous shales, in which volcanic debris accumulated in ephemeral lakes and streams in Oligocene and early Miocene time.

1986, W.H. Raymond, "Clinoptilolite Deposit in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, U.S.A.", in Yūichi Murakami et al. (editors), New Developments in Zeolite Science and Technology (conference proceedings), Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-444-98981-9, page 80:


electrochemical

电化学的，和电化学反应相关的


elegiac

源自中古法語 élégiaque，源自拉丁語 elegīacus，源自古希臘語 ἐλεγειακός (elegeiakós)。

more elegiac (comparative)
most elegiac (superlative)

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/

the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter

挽歌般的，表达哀伤的，表达哀悼的


elegiac

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/

/ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/

His saphics are worse, if possible, than his elegiacs

1748, John Upton, Critical Observations on Shakespeare, 2nd版，第 385 頁:


elkhound

:elkhound, elkhounds, elkhound's, elkhounds'
#猎鹿犬


elocution

源自晚期拉丁語 ēlocutiōnem。elocutio 的同源對似詞。


elope

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 aloper (“绑架；逃走”)，借自原始西日耳曼語 *andihlaupan (“逃走”)。等价于and- + lope和and- + leap（这两个词亦为同源对似词）。还见lope。

（与别人的未婚妻未婚夫）私奔；私下结婚（尤指很快的）

My younger sister has left all her friends-- has eloped; has thrown herself into the power of-- of Mr. Wickham.

Although Cecilia was the youngest of the surviving Thrale daughters, she had been the first to marry, eloping to Gretna Green in 1795 with John Meredith Mostyn of neighboring Llewesog Lodge. Both were underage.

1996, “Introduction”, 出自 Edward A. Bloom, Lillian D. Bloom 編, The Piozzi Letters: Correspondence of Hester Lynch Piozzi, 1784-1821 (formerly Mrs. Thrale), Volume 4, 1805-1810, Associated University Presses, →ISBN，第 30 頁:

"[Molly:] —It was the same last time [You-Know-Who] was powerful, people eloping left right and centre– —Including you and Dad, said Ginny slyly."

2005, J. K. Rowling, “An Excess of Phlegm” (章號 5), 出自 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter; 6), Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, →ISBN，第 92 頁:

Although they had eloped in Vegas, she'd insisted he wear a tuxedo and she buy a wedding dress at one of the local stores.

2009, Jan Springer, Intimate Stranger, Ellora's Cave, 出版於 2009, →ISBN，第 132 頁:

They knew each other for maybe a month before they eloped in Vegas.

2012, Shirley Jump, One Day to Find a Husband, Harlequin, 出版於 2012, →ISBN，第 136 頁:

He had been intended by his father for trade, but his spirit, soaring above the occupation for which he was designed, from repining led him to resist, and from resisting, to rebel. He eloped from his friends, and contrived to enter the army.

If we'd been a bit quicker, we could have caught Gowan before he eloped

1931, Dorothy L. Sayers, The Five Red Herrings:


elude

源自拉丁語 ēlūdō (“逃过”)，源自ē (“外”, ex的短形式) + lūdō (“玩耍；欺骗”)。

（尤指用手段，技巧） 逃避，逃过

Thus the observation of human blindness and weakness is the result of all philosophy, and meets us at every turn, in spite of our endeavours to elude or avoid it.

1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, 出版於 1973, § 26:

It leaves City still searching for the Champions League, the trophy that has always eluded them

2021年May29日, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 0-1 Chelsea”, 出自 BBC Sport:

Podolski gave Walcott a chance to further embellish Arsenal's first-half performance when he eluded James Perch and slipped the ball through to the striker.

2012年December29日, Paul Doyle, “Arsenal's Theo Walcott hits hat-trick in thrilling victory over Newcastle”, 出自 The Guardian:

不能被...理解，对...来说无法理解

I get algebra, but calculus eludes me.

我会代数，但不会微积分。

The solution of that brainteaser eludes me and the name of the author eludes my memory too.

那道谜题的答案我忘了，它的作者我也忘了。


elusive

源自拉丁語 elusus，eludo (“闪避（一击），欺骗”)的过去分词。

more elusive (comparative)
most elusive (superlative)

难以掌控的： 难以捕获的，难以抓住的

The elusive criminal was arrested.

难以掌控的： 难以记住的

难以掌控的： 难以理解的，捉摸不透的

Charley chased the elusive idea through all the nooks and crannies of his drowning consciousness.

While you're sniffing the trunks of the ponderosas to see if they're butterscotch, vanilla, strawberry, or the elusive chocolate variety, watch for Brown Creepers, an elusive variety of bird.

2002, Scott Roederer, Birding: Rocky Mountain National Park，第 93 頁:


ember

（煤、木头等的）余烬，燃屑


emblazon

The route passes over low-lying land, the only item of note being the Cerebos salt works at Greatham, where one may catch a glimpse of the smart black diesel locomotive emblazoned with the firm's name writ large.

1959 August, K. Hoole, “The Middlesbrough — Newcastle route of the N.E.R.”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 359 頁:

在...上雕刻，在...上刻印

The benefactor's image is emblazoned on our memory.

恩人的样子刻在了我们的心中。

Welcome to QAnon, sometimes referred to as “the Storm.” It’s a conspiracy theory that’s swept social media and is starting to break into the mainstream, with Trump rally attendees in Florida on July 31 holding signs and wearing T-shirts emblazoned with “We are Q” and the conspiracy theory’s main catchphrase, “Where we go one, we go all.”

2018年August2日, Jane Coaston, “#QAnon, the scarily popular pro-Trump conspiracy theory, explained”, 出自 Vox:


emcee

MC (“主持人”)的發音拼寫。

下列词义的MC的另一種寫法 司仪，主持人

"I'm the emcee for tonight," he proclaimed. "I'll announce your program."

1943, "Franklin W. Dixon" (Charles Leslie McFarlane), Hardy Boys 22: The Flickering Torch Mystery:

下列词义的MC的另一種寫法 说唱歌手

[…] mutating into all-star line-ups of emcees spitting hot bars over familiar beats, then to a single crew spitting bars over familiar beats, then eventually to a single crew (or artist) spitting bars over unfamiliar beats.

2021, Jehnie I. Burns, Mixtape Nostalgia: Culture, Memory, and Representation (page 138)


emcee

MC (“主持人”)的發音拼寫。

担任...的主持人，主持

Alan Lomax was emceeing the blues workshop and was turned off by the Paul Butterfield Jug Band and implied as much on stage.

1965 August, Mississippi Phil Ochs, “The Newport Fuzz Festival”, 出自 The Realist, 第 61 期, retrieved 2022-11-13，第 11 頁:


emotions

情感（emotion 的複數）


erotic

more erotic (comparative)
most erotic (superlative)


erstwhile

“Scarcely had Alice reached her twentieth birthday, than she gave her erstwhile fiancée [sic] his formal congé. […]”

1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 章號 2, 出自 The Disappearance of Count Collini:

Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.

2017年October14日, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, 出自 the Guardian:

If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.

1999年November1日, Frank Bruni, 引 George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, 出自 New York Times:


erudite

源自拉丁語 ērudītus，ērudiō (“教育，训练”)的分词，源自e- (“外，出，离”) + rudis (“粗鲁的；技艺生疏的”)。erudit 的同源對似詞。

more erudite (comparative)
most erudite (superlative)

At all events, if it involved any secret information in regard to old Roger Chillingworth, it was in a tongue unknown to the erudite clergyman, and did but increase the bewilderment of his mind.

1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 章號 XII, 出自 The Scarlet Letter:

Elmer Moffatt had been magnificent, rolling out his alternating effects of humour and pathos, stirring his audience by moving references to the Blue and the Gray, convulsing them by a new version of Washington and the Cherry Tree […], dazzling them by his erudite allusions and apt quotations.

1913, Edith Wharton, “Chapter 43”, 出自 The Custom of the Country:

THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF WORLD RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES. Edited by P. Ransome-Wallis. Hutchinson. 50s. [...] The most erudite locomotive engineer could not fail to excavate new knowledge from this remarkably comprehensive volume, [...]

1960 January, “New reading on railways”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 26 頁:

Perhaps his erudite mind does not quite yet grasp how to transform his beloved scholarly explorations into effective papal politics.

2006年September17日, Jeff Israely, “Preaching Controversy”, 出自 Time，於2010-09-19歸檔自原頁面:

Cruz was obviously analogizing Bernie Sanders to the Bolsheviks and Hillary Clinton to the Mensheviks. The oleaginous Texan is an erudite slyboots, but his history is off-kilter.

2015年November1日, Hendrik Hertzberg, “That G.O.P. Debate: Two Footnotes”, 出自 The New Yorker:


escapade

:< 法語 escapade （“逃离，逃脱；诡计”） < 中世紀西班牙語 escapada < escapar （“逃脱”） < 通俗拉丁語 *excappāre （“逃脱”）。

（脱离常规的）越轨行为，出轨；興奮、愚蠢或危險的經驗


esoteric

源自古希臘語 ἐσωτερικός (esōterikós, “属于内圈的”)，源自ἐσωτέρω (esōtérō, “更往里”)，ἔσω (ésō, “在里面”)的比较级，源自ἐς (es)、εἰς (eis, “向里”)（本词原指希腊哲学家的秘密授课，与公开的或exoteric的相对）。

more esoteric (comparative)
most esoteric (superlative)

/ˌiːs.əʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/

/ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/

arcane

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

recondite

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

acroamatic

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

cerebral

理论性的 （带有神秘或宗教色彩）

内行的，秘传的，密教的，深晦的

The writing in this manual is very esoteric; I’d need a degree in engineering just to understand it!

这个手册里写的东西只有非常内行的人才能看得懂，我得读个工学学位才能看得懂。

理论性的 （带有神秘或宗教色彩）

an esoteric purpose

an esoteric meeting


esoteric

/ˌiːs.əʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/

/ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/


yoke

来自中古英語 yok，ȝok，来自古英語 ġeoc，来自原始日耳曼語 *juką，来自原始印歐語 *yugóm。yuga 的同源對似詞。


youngster

小孩，少年，年轻人，小伙子

（海军军官学校的）二年级学生


yours

第二人稱單數或複數代名詞所有格代名詞：你的（物件）；你們的（物件）


zealot

最初仅作中古英語 zelote，奋锐党的西门的外号，在16和17世纪得到了现在的词义。中古英语派生自拉丁語 zēlōtēs，源自古希臘語 ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs, “竞争者，狂热信徒，追随者”)，源自ζῆλος (zêlos, “热情，妒忌”)，源自ζηλόω (zēlóō, “竞争；嫉妒”)。

狂热者，狂热之徒 （常带负面意）


zinger

one-liner

妙语 （尤指反驳或羞辱人的）

高速移动的物体 （尤指丢出来的）

On the first pitch from Kline, Lofton hits a zinger of a single into right field that J.D. Drew picks up on one bounce, and if he makes a good throw he has a chance to throw David Bell out at home plate.

2008, Joseph Sutton, (請指定書籍名或刊物名), →ISBN:

The pitcher threw a real zinger and struck him out.

投手丢了个很快的[球]，让他三振出局了。

妙语 （尤指反驳或羞辱人的）

I wasn't looking to make friends; there had been too much animosity between us in the past, and maybe the guy had a zinger waiting on me.

2007, Larry Groves, Seasons in Time, →ISBN，第 112 頁:

You might think it's almost worthwhile calling them and restarting the argument just to get that final zinger in. Why do you think of something good to say when it's too late?

2012, Adam Fraser, The Third Space, →ISBN，第 124 頁:

Boris Johnson is the most compelling personality in “Chums.” The shambolic style, the self-deprecating humor, the gift for zingers—it was all there in university, as was the elitist’s ambivalent approach to achievement.

2022年May14日, David Segal, “An Outsider Takes an Inside Look at the Oxford ‘Chums’ Who Run the U.K.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

I was still reeling from the zinger of seeing my ex on a date with my best friend.

我还没从看到我前任和我最好的朋友约会这件事带来的震惊中缓过来。

很棒的，很活跃的，很惊人的人或物

They'd have to come up with a zinger for their Christmas windows to compete with that competitor's laughing Santa Claus and Stefan had that zinger in his proposal submitted to the President of the company.

2006, Olivia Hillis Wimbrow, My Beloved Bohemian, →ISBN，第 130 頁:

Think about all the scientists—and all the microscopes and lab equipment and testing—that may come up with zero instead of a zinger.

2006, Cathy Pickens, Done Gone Wrong, →ISBN:

Here, have a strawberry zinger and don't tell Mom and Dad that we had candy in the bedroom.

2013, Paula Harrison, Rescue Princesses #5: The Snow Jewel, →ISBN:

“Want some—” he saluted her with one of Julia's delicate white cups and a wry arch of eyebrow, sipped and made a face “—lemon zinger tea?” At times like this she wished she was as outgoing as Nikki or gorgeous like Bailey or even a little wild and easy with men like Valery. But she was none of those things. She was plain Carrie, the librarian, wishing she could say something snappy and clever. “If you don't like lemon zinger, pick a different kind."

2016, Linda Goodnight, The Rain Sparrow, →ISBN:


wack

wacker (comparative)
wackest (superlative)

Every record they ever made was straight-up wack.

他们做过的唱片都好难听。


wack

苯环己哌啶 (亦作whack)


wacky

源自whack (“猛击”)，意指人因为经常撞脑袋，所以举止怪异。

wackier (comparative)
wackiest (superlative)

Though the idea of placing wacky made-up characters in a real-life context was carried over from Da Ali G Show—wherein Buzz Aldrin was once asked if he was upset that Michael Jackson got all the credit for inventing the moonwalk—Sacha Baron Cohen’s Borat felt like something new, an attempt to square an improvised, guerrilla style of underground comedy with reality-TV stunt shows like Jackass or Fear Factor.

2012年May15日, Scott Tobias, “Film: Reviews: The Dictator”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:


wacky

源自whack (“猛击”)，意指人因为经常撞脑袋，所以举止怪异。


what

:< 中古英語 < 古英語 hwæt < 原始日耳曼语 *hwat < 原始印欧语 *kʷos、*kʷod（产生于此词根的还有：who）。有大量的印欧同源词，例如：法语 quoi （“什么”）、俄语 кто （“谁”）。

（疑问代词）什么，甚么，何（物）

（英式、口语）疑问代词，等同于"Don't you agree?"。不是吗？你不觉得吗？

（关系代词，非标准）同 that、which。

（关系代词）（…的）东西、事情


what

（多接 with）用某种方式，在某种程度上，部分地

同 why。为何，为什么。

连接并列性质的短语，…与…


what

（英式、口语、旧）不是吗？


what

（用于感叹句）多么（好），真是


wake

合併自兩個拼写和含義均相似的動詞：
* 中古英語 waken，古英語 wacan，来自原始日耳曼語 *wakaną。
* 中古英語 wakien，古英語 wacian，来自原始西日耳曼語 *wakēn，来自原始日耳曼語 *wakāną。

wakes
waking
woke
waked
woken
waked
woke

我通常在早上6點鐘醒來。

大聲的噪音把我吵醒了。

這次事故引起了人們對酒後駕駛的危險的認識。

The accident woke people up to the dangers of drinking and driving.


wake

来自中古英語 wake，来自古英語 wacu，来自原始日耳曼語 *wakō。

他們為已故的朋友舉行了守夜儀式。

They held a wake for their friend who had passed away.


wake

可能来自中古低地德語或中古荷蘭語 wake，來自或類似於古諾爾斯語 vǫk (“冰上的洞”)（>丹麥語 våge、冰島語 vök），来自原始日耳曼語 *wakwō (“濕度”)，来自原始印歐語 *wegʷ- (“潮濕的”)。

船在後面留下了一道航跡。


walls

墙壁（wall 的複數）


walls

wall的单数第三人称现在式。


whimper

源自方言词whimp (“惨叫”) + -er (反复态后缀)。对比德語 wimmern (“抽泣”)。


whimper

The lonely puppy began to whimper as soon as we left the room.

我们离开房间以后，孤独的小狗狗开始抽泣起来。

“Master, please don’t punish me!” he whimpered.

“主人，不要惩罚我！”他呜咽道。

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019年May12日, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:


whimsical

more whimsical (comparative)
most whimsical (superlative)

There is nothing innocuous, innocent or whimsical in a Totalitarian society, at least in the public sphere.

2020年September25日, Charles Hugh Smith, The Road to Nowhere: Whatever Can't Be Politicized Ceases to Exist:


washed-up

more washed-up (comparative)
most washed-up (superlative)


willy-nilly

源自will I, nill I（有时亦用ye或he代替I），意为“如果我希望，如果我不希望”，即“无论我希不希望”。参见will (“想要，希望”)、nill (“（弃用）不想，不愿，不希望”)。

more willy-nilly (comparative)
most willy-nilly (superlative)

nilly-willy

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

nolens volens

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

无论（别人）想不想要；不管三七二十一；随意，随心所欲，轻易，只管

Some writers chasing money churn out novels willy-nilly.

一些只想着钱的作家就一股脑地写一堆[劣质]小说。

Whenever I see a long handsome neck, willy nilly, the thought will come uppermost—What a capital neck for carving! Those cursed executions! One can't rid one's mind of them.

1868, [Johann Wolfgang von] Goethe, 譯者 Arthur Duke Coleridge, Egmont. A Tragedy. […], London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, Act II，第 40 頁:

I'll own I'm very glad he's come— / To hide my feelings would be silly— / You see I'm not so shy as some, / My thoughts will come out "willy-nilly."

1869年April1日, A. A. D., “Twelve Scenes in a Young Lady’s Life. No. IV. A Spring Ramble.”, 出自 The Young Englishwoman. A Volume of Pure Literature, New Fashions, and Pretty Needlework Patterns, 第 III 卷, London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, […], →OCLC, stanza 1，第 220 頁，第 1 列:

He says he shall come for me willy-nilly, and father and mother say I must have him! But I don't want to—because—because—I love you best!

1895 January, Thomas Hardy, “Hearts Insurgent”, 出自 Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 第 XC 卷, 第 DXXXVI 期, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, chapter VIII，第 194 頁，第 2 列:

The outer world is what we wake up to every morning of our lives, is the place where, willy-nilly, we must try to make our living.

1954, Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC，第 36 頁:

The novel Alice in Wonderland describes a place where things happen willy-nilly.

小说《爱丽丝梦游仙境》写了一个有很多怪事发生的地方。


wince

源自中古英語 wincen、winchen，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 *wenchir、古諾曼語 *wenchier（对比古法語 guenchir），源自古法蘭克語 *wenkjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankjan。参见德語 winken。


wince

（因疼痛，痛苦而）缩身子，畏缩

The two Gordon setters came obediently to heel. Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935, Francis Beeding, “7/2”, 出自 The Norwich Victims:

对...使用绞车 （如用来洗衣服，染染料等）

（因站不稳或不耐烦而）暴跳，乱跳，乱踢

A horse winces.


whisky

:最早出现於18世纪早期。 usque 的另一种词形 < usquebaugh 的简称（对比 whiskybae (旧)）。 源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 uisge beatha、愛爾蘭語 uisce beatha （“生命之水”）。 对比 aquavit < 拉丁语 aqua vitae （“生命之水”）。


watchtower

岗楼，（看守用的）瞭望塔

Redcap - A malevolent goblin easily distinguishable by their namesake red cap, fiery red eyes, claws and iron boots. They often appear as little old men, but can run very fast despite the boots. They reside in castles and watchtowers along the English-Scottish border, but will move their residence to avoid detection.

2002, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Ill-Made Mute: The Bitterbynde:


windscreen

A vandal has just smashed our windscreen! Susan, can you go and call the insurance company?

有人把我们的挡风玻璃砸了！Susan，你能打电话给保险公司吗？

（列车上靠门处的）挡风罩

As well as demonstrating operating facilities, full-size car body models are used for experimenting with new types of interior finish, systems of lighting, positioning of route diagrams and advertisements, and the best form of windscreens at doorways, and the height and location of handgrips and handrails.

1951 October, “Models Assist Rolling Stock Design”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 647 頁:


whopper

There's a storm blowing up, Sylvester — a 'whopper', speaking in the vernacular of the peasantry.

1939, Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, Edgar Allan Woolf, The Wizard of Oz


wide-awake

more wide-awake (comparative)
most wide-awake (superlative)


wayfaring

源自中古英語 wayferande、weyverinde、wayverinde，源自古英語 weġfarende、weġfērende (“跋涉的”)，等价于way + faring。与冰島語 vegfarandi同源。还见wayfare。

旅行中的；(尤指) 徒步旅行的


wayfaring

旅行；(尤指) 徒步旅行


wayfaring

wayfare 的現在時分詞和動名詞


wishy-washy

wishy-washier (comparative)
more wishy-washy (comparative)
wishy-washiest (superlative)
most wishy-washy (superlative)

优柔寡断的，不干脆的，犹豫不决的

Not wanting to be pressed for details, public relations gave a wishy-washy answer.

公关部不想被问细节，给了一个模棱两可的答复。

I’m not about to vote Conservative myself (I’m a wishy-washy centrist who liked Tony Blair’s early work and has since mostly voted Labour, with an occasional swing to the Liberal Democrats and Greens)[…]

2023年July17日, Rhymer Rigby, “Sick of this Conservative government? That shouldn’t stop you having Tory friends”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:

The wishy-washy orange juice served by the cafeteria not only failed to be sweet; it was barely orange.

饭堂的橙汁太淡了，不仅不甜，连橙色都很淡。

Usually the quality of the liquor is judged by the "bite" of it. The hotter the better. A drink of first class, aged whisky would be ridiculed in most parts of Maine as a wishy-washy beverage fit only for mollycoddles. The Down East "soak" wants something that stings and burns all the way, and usually he gets it[…]

1915, “Maine booze turns an iron tub blue”, 出自 The Mixer and Server:

And you will appreciate drinking the hot cup, or rather billy, of tea—which is more than one can call the wishy-washy concoction served up in some 'tea-houses'.

2006, Gipsy Petulengro, Romany Hints for Outdoor Living and Tips for Ramblers，第 7 頁:


ways

a little ways out

“We still have a ways to go with patterns.”

2007, Aryn Kyle, The God of Animals, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 1416533249, page 41:


wobble

源自早期形式wabble，可能源自低地德語 wabbeln (“晃动”)。对比荷蘭語 wiebelen和wobbelen (“晃动”)、古諾爾斯語 vafla (“盘旋；踉跄”)。

The fat man walked down the street with a wobble.

那个胖子摇摇晃晃地走在街上。

That should have been that, but Hart caught a dose of the Hennessey wobbles and spilled Adlene Guedioura's long-range shot.

2011年October29日, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3 - 3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:

There was a wobble on her high notes

她发高音时声音颤动了一下。


wobble

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013年July6日, “The rise of smart beta”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8843 期，第 68 頁:

the Earth wobbles slowly on its axis; the jelly wobbled on the plate

地球在其轴上缓缓地来回晃动。 果冻在盘子上晃来晃去

The soprano's voice wobbled alarmingly.

女高音歌手的颤抖让人不安。

I'm wobbling between the Liberals and the Greens.

我在自由党和绿党间犹豫不决。

The boy wobbled the girl's bike.

男孩让女孩的自行车摇来摇去。


women

源自中古英语 wimmen ← 古英语 wīfmenn （“女人”） ← wīf （“雌性的”） + menn （“人”），等同于现代英语中的 wife + men。


wee-wee

wee的叠词，排尿的拟声词。

小弟弟；亦可指女性外阴。

“I agree he’s gorgeous,” said his friend, “but someone told me he has the smallest wee-wee in New York.”

1978, Andrew Holleran, Dancer from the Dance, New York: New American Library, Chapter 2, p. 45:


wee-wee

wee的叠词，排尿的拟声词。


woozy

源自中古英語 wosy (“泥泞的”)，源自中古英語 wose (“泥土，泥浆”) + -y。oozy 的同源對似詞。可能受到了boozy的影响。

woozier (comparative)
wooziest (superlative)

迷糊的，头昏眼花的，混乱的

I got off the rollercoaster feeling a bit woozy.

我下了过山车，有点晕乎乎的。

醉的 （受酒精或药物影响的）