remember

knit 'this scattered corn into one mutual sheaf, / these broken limbs again into one body' - in other words, how to resurrect the dismembered god, to remember Osiris. Yet the only body made whole in these expert, lowering poems is the body of this death.

1982, Book Review Digest, 第 78 卷，第 824 頁:

According to these mysteries, the rites of fashioning or remembering Osiris came to be interpreted as remembering Egypt. Egypt was the body of Osiris, dismembered and scattered across the land.

2008, Jan Assmann, Of God and Gods: Egypt, Israel, and the Rise of Monotheism，第 42 頁:

She remembered Osiris by putting his pieces back together and mating with him one last time, conceiving Horus, who eventually avenged his father's death.

2010, Sandra Ingerman, Medicine for the Earth，第 100 頁:

To dismember is to tear apart; / To re-member is to put back together. / The old must be dismembered / So that which was prior to it / May be remembered. / Therefore, to re-mind is / To dismember and then re-member.

2012, Roy Melvyn, The Lost Writings of Wu Hsin: Pointers to Non Duality in Five Volumes, Lulu Press, Inc, →ISBN:


spoken

more spoken (comparative)
most spoken (superlative)


spoken

speak 的過去時分詞


could

源自中古英語 coude、couthe、cuthe，源自古英語 cūþe，cunnan (“能够”)（对比相关词cūþ，派生出couth）的直陈过去式或虚拟式。受到与should和would类比的影响，“L”在16世纪初叶引入，两词的“L”常被错误略去的现象（产生了shudd和wode等词形）可能也起到了推动作用。

Before I was blind, I could see very well.

can 的條件式
用来表示过去虚拟式，表示与现实相对的假设。

I think he could do it if he really wanted to.

我觉得他要是想肯定会做的。

I wish I could fly!

can 的條件式
用来礼貌地请求许可。

Could I borrow your coat?

我可以借一下你的外套吗？

can 的條件式
用来礼貌地请求别人做某事。

Could you proofread this email?

您可以帮我校对一下这封邮件吗？

can 的條件式
用来表示某事可能会发生。

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

2013年June29日, “Travels and travails”, 出自 The Economist, 第 407 卷, 第 8842 期，第 55 頁:

We could rearrange the time if you like.

您希望的话我们可以重新安排一下日程。

can 的條件式
用来表示建议。

You could try adding more salt to the soup.

I haven't could sleep.

1981, Anthony Warner, English Auxiliaries: Structure and History, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，第 222 頁:


could

When the golf ball is there, the whole self-interference package — the hopes, worries, and fears; the thoughts on how-to and how-not-to; the woulds, the coulds, and the shoulds — is there too.

1996, Fred Shoemaker, Extraordinary Golf: The Art of the Possible，第 88 頁:

Shushona you must learn to rightfully prioritize all the woulds, shoulds and coulds of your life.

2010, Shushona Novos, The Personal Universal: A Guidebook for Spiritual Evolution，第 395 頁:


were

源自中古英語 were、中古英語 weren，源自古英語 wǣre、古英語 wǣron、古英語 wǣren，源自原始日耳曼語 *wēz-，源自原始印歐語 *h₂wes-。参见was。


hate

源自中古英語 hate (名词)，可能源自古英語 hatian (“恨”, 动词)和/或古諾爾斯語 hatr (“恨”, 名词)。与中古英語 hete、hæte、heate (“恨”)产生合并，它们源自古英語 hete，源自原始日耳曼語 *hataz (“仇恨”)，源自原始印歐語 *keh₂d- (“强烈情感”)。同源词包括西弗里斯蘭語 haat、荷蘭語 haat、德語 Hass、挪威語及瑞典語 hat。
动词源自中古英語 haten，源自古英語 hatian (“恨，仇视”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hatēn，源自原始日耳曼語 *hatāną (“恨”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hataz，源自上面的同一词根。

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

One of my pet hates is traffic wardens.

我最讨厌的人之一就是交通督导员。

He gave me a look filled with pure hate.

他了我一眼，眼里充满仇恨。

There was a lot of hate in the comments on my vlog about Lady Gaga from her fans.

我做的Lady Gaga视频博客的评论区都是骂我的。


hate

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

People who hate broccoli may have super-sensitive taste buds.

1997, Popular Science, 第 251 卷, 第 4 期，第 34 頁:

使用于动词短语：hate on。

I put ranch dressing on pizza. Please don't hate on me.

我喜欢在披萨上加牧场沙拉酱，请不要瞧不起我。


wait

源自中古英語 waiten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 waiter、waitier（对比法語 guetter←古法語 gaitier、guaitier)，源自古法蘭克語 *wahtwēn (“看守，守卫”)，派生自古法蘭克語 *wahtu (“看守”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wahtwō (“看守”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“鲜，快乐”)。同源词有古高地德語 wahtēn (“看守，守卫”)、德國低地德語 wachten (“等”)、荷蘭語 wachten (“等”)、法語 guetter (“守候”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 wachtje (“等”)、西弗里斯蘭語 wachtsje (“等”)、北弗里斯蘭語 wachtjen (“待命”)。详见watch。
很大程度上取代了本土词古英語 bīdan。

await

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

to wait one’s turn

The Court had assembled, to wait events, in the huge antechamber known as the Œil de Boeuf.

1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，第 30 頁:

Wait here until your car arrives.

No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 IV, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC，第 46 頁:

The South London tramway replacement will have to wait, possibly five years, because of the slowing down of bus manufacture due to national requirements.

1948 March and April, “Notes and News: London Transport Plans”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 132 頁:

She used to wait in this joint.

她以前在这家店当服务员。

Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, / And everlasting anguish be thy portion.

1714, Nicholas Rowe, The Tragedy of Jane Shore:

Montague Thorold, who impatiently watched her wherever she went, came to tell her that his mother waited breakfast for her.

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, 出版於 2004，第 185 頁:

等待，盼望 （自己的伴侣长时间离开后归来）

She did not question him. Before leaving, she asked only, "When will I see you again?" He answered, "I don't know. Don't wait for me, Dagny. Next time we meet, you will not want to see me."

1957, Dagny Taggart, Francisco d'Anconia, Ayn Rand's, Atlas Shrugged:

I will wait / Even if it takes forever / I will wait / Even if it takes a lifetime


wait

I had a very long wait at the airport security check.

我在机场安检耽搁了好久。

They lay in wait for the patrol.

an enemy in wait

1667, John Milton, “Book 4”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

（尤其是圣诞节时，在晚上或凌晨演奏音乐的）音乐家 （曾作waites、wayghtes）

The sound of the waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, breaks upon the mild watches of a winter night with the effect of perfect harmony.

1819-1820, Washington Irving, The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon


wait

等下 （让某人暂停说话）

Wait. Stop talking for a moment while I get my head straight.

等会。我整理思绪的时候不要讲话。


well

井，為了找尋水、油、鹽水或瓦斯而從地表下挖的洞。


gift

:< 古諾爾斯語 gipt。 与古英语 ġift 同源。

轻而易举的事，极便宜的东西


gift

:< 古諾爾斯語 gipt。 与古英语 ġift 同源。


ain't

#源自早前的 an't——即 am not、are not 和 is not 的缩约形。发音逐渐从
/ænt/
 变为
/eɪnt/
，类似 can't 一词在某些方言中的音变。其他方言中，此词的发音则变为
/ɑːnt/
，拼写亦变为 aren't，与早先 are not 的缩约形拼法相同（由于这些方言中缺乏r儿化音）。以前 ain't 曾存在于英语很多方言之中，唯成为标准的英国东南方言缺乏此词。英国东南方言中，此词仅用于 aren't I?（我不是吗？）一类结构中。
#源自早前的 han't——即 has not 和 have not 的缩约形。 Han't 发音从
/hænt/
 变为
/heɪnt/
，并在多数方言中发生词首h的脱落。

（同 are not, aren’t; is not, isn’t; am not）不是。

（同 have not, haven’t; has not, hasn’t）没有。

（同 do not, don’t; does not, doesn’t; did not, didn’t）没。


blind

源自中古英語 blynd，源自古英語 blind，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blind，源自原始日耳曼語 *blindaz。

blinder (comparative)
blindest (superlative)

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king

there are none so blind as those who will not see

Even a blind hen sometimes finds a grain of corn.

瞎猫有时都能碰上死耗子。

甚至瞎的公鸡有时候都能找到一颗玉米粒。

Braille is a writing system for the blind.

布拉耶盲文是盲人使用的书写系统。

his blind eye

盲目的，无法察觉的，视而不见的

The lovers were blind to each other's faults.

相爱的人注意不到对方的缺点。

Authors are blind to their own defects.

作家无法认识到自己的缺点。

a blind path

a blind ditch

a blind corner

死的，不通的，没有出路的

a blind alley

a blind fistula

a blind gut

The naric-hypophysial canal was blind at both ends, and paired olfactory sacs opened into it, as well as a narrow canal from the front of the gut.

1898, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society (page 498)

North Richmond street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free.

封死的 （没有光也不通的）

a blind wall

I shouted, but he didn't take a blind bit of notice.

我大喊起来，但他丝毫没有注意到。

We pulled and pulled, but it didn't make a blind bit of difference.

我们拉啊拉，但是一点儿用都没有。

He took a blind guess at which fork in the road would take him to the airport.

他在岔路口瞎选了一条路去机场。

I went into the meeting totally blind, so I really didn't have a clue what I was talking about.

我啥都不知道就去开会了，所以我完全不知道我自己在说什么。

blind deference

blind justice

blind punishment

This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind reprobation.

1787–1788, John Jay, The Federalist Papers

盲的 （刻意限制给出的信息来避免偏差）

a blind trial

a blind passage in a book; blind writing

书中无法理解的一段；无法辨认的字迹

blind buds

blind flowers


blind

A blind bearing the monogram G.V.T. is pulled down over the waiting room window as if still in mourning for the passing of the railway.

1941 June, “Notes and News: The Derelict Glyn Valley Tramway”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 279 頁:

Light filtered in through the blinds of the french windows. It made tremulous stripes along the scrubbed pine floor.

1956, Delano Ames, 章號 12, 出自 Crime out of Mind:

（公交系统的） 目的地提示

用来藏匿其他东西的东西，遮掩物

a duck blind

The blinds are $10 and $20, and the ante is $1.

The blinds immediately folded when I reraised.


blind

The light was so bright that for a moment he was blinded.

光太亮，一下子晃住了他的眼。

Don't wave that pencil in my face - do you want to blind me?

别拿着那铅笔在我面前晃，想让我瞎吗？

A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds those whom he should lead is […] a much greater.

May 9, 1686 (date of preaching), Robert South, The Fatal Imposture and Force of Words (sermon)

If you're cast for fatigue by a sergeant unkind,
 Don't grouse like a woman, nor crack on, nor blind;
 Be handy and civil, and then you will find
 That it's beer for the young British soldier.

1890, Rudyard Kipling, The Young British Soldier

The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his art, to blind and confound.

1676, Edward Stillingfleet, A Defence of the Discourse Concerning the Idolatry Practised in the Church of Rome


blind

more blind (comparative)
most blind (superlative)

to swear blind


Vladivostok

*符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)


Shyghys Qazaqstan

*东哈萨克斯坦
哈萨克语 拉丁文转写


fidelity

15世纪，源自中古英語 [具體何詞?]，源自中古法語 fidélité，源自拉丁語 fidēlitās，源自fidēlis (“忠实的”)，源自fidēs (“忠诚”)（英语faith），源自原始印歐語 *bʰidʰ-，*bʰeydʰ- (“命令；托付”)（英语bide）的零母音形式。fealty 的同源對似詞。

the fidelity of the civil servants

（对伴侣的）忠诚，一心一意

By placing them closer to the source, we can reduce the number of messages in the system and this in turn is likely to improve the fidelity of the system.

2003, Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth International Conference on Very Large Databases, Berlin, Germany, 9-12 September, 2003，第 58 頁:


fjord

非同化借詞，源自挪威語 fjord，源自古諾爾斯語 fjǫrðr，源自原始日耳曼語 *ferþu、*ferþuz (“水湾，峡湾”)，源自原始印歐語 *pértus (“交叉口”)，源自*per- (“前”) + *-tus (从动词词根构成动作名词的后缀)。firth、ford、 和 port 的同源對似詞。

About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the "border stream" never to return.

1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, 出自 A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC，第 73 頁:

At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.

1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, 出自 Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC，第 123–124 頁s:

Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the "glacial epoch," thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.

1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC，第 46 頁:

Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.

1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, 出自 The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology)，第 15 頁:

In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.

1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, 出自 Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, 第 II 卷, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine)，第 281 頁:

The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].

1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, 出自 Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment)，第 51 頁:

Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.

2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, 出自 Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, →ISBN，第 17 頁:

Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.

2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, 出自 Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 第 I (Marine Biogeochemistry) 卷, London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN，第 75 頁:


funnel

源自中古英語 funell、fonel，可能经由古法語 *founel（对比中古法語 fonel、古奧克語 fonilh、enfounilh），源自拉丁語 fundibulum、infundibulum (“漏斗”)，源自infundere (“倒入”)；in (“内”) + fundere (“倾倒”)，对比布列塔尼語 founilh (“漏斗”)、威爾士語 ffynel (“气孔，烟囱”)。参见fuse。

管道；烟囱 （尤指蒸汽船等上的烟囱）


funnel

funnels
funnelling
funneling
funnelled
funneled

穿过 （穿过像漏斗、烟囱一般狭窄的地方）

Expect delays where the traffic funnels down to one lane.

车流都挤到一条车道上了，所以可能会晚。

A line of clocks in our cheap hotel displays the time in Lagos, Bucharest, Kiev: the capitals of pilgrims who come to kneel at the birthplace of Christ. In reality the entire world funnels through the Church of the Nativity.

2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text

导向，引导到 （资金，资源，感情等）

Our taxes are being funnelled into pointless government initiatives.

Like so many others, I was awestruck by the first season, which captured a moment in time and successfully funnelled its rage outwards at a world in which women are indeed silenced, controlled and killed by men.

2018年June16日, Fiona Sturges, “Cattleprods! Severed tongues! Torture porn! Why I’ve stopped watching the Handmaid’s Tale”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2020-02-05歸檔自原頁面:

用漏斗喝 （常指聚会上活跃氛围的活动）

The first time he did it was to this freshman Kevin Ryers and we all just burst out laughing, watching Kevin try to funnel a beer.

2013, Jonathan Caren, The Recommendation，第 31 頁:


funnel

fummel (“杂种动物”)的另一種寫法


gallium

镓（化学元素，符号为Ga）


glassy

源自中古英語 glasy，等价于glass + -y。对比薩特弗里斯蘭語 glääsich (“玻璃般的”)、荷蘭語 glazig (“玻璃般的”)、德國低地德語 glasig (“玻璃般的”)、德語 glasig (“玻璃般的”)。

glassier (comparative)
glassiest (superlative)

玻璃般的 （尤指光滑反光）
无浪的

同類詞：glossy、shiny

a resin tabletop with a glassy polish

a fair day on a glassy sea

风平浪静的海面上天气不错的一天

architecture enamored of glass and steel, where glassier meant classier

同類詞：fisheye

the glassy eyes of a person in a trance


glower

源自glore的一个（可能是苏格兰语的）变体，源自中古英語 glōren、glouren (“照耀；瞪着”)，或原子glow (“盯着”, 弃用)，最终源自某斯堪的纳维亚（北日耳曼语支）语言。同源词有低地德語 gloren (“闪烁；发微光”)、中古荷蘭語 gloren、冰島語 glóra。还见glare。

怒视 （自15世纪末叶）

[...] Last Morning I was unco airly out, / Upon a Dyke I lean'd and glowr'd about; / I ſaw my Meg come linkan o'er the Lee, / I ſaw my Meg, but Maggie ſaw na me: [...]

[1720?], [Allan Ramsay], Patie and Roger: A Pastoral Inscribed to Josiah Burchet Esq; Secretary of the Admiralty, [Edinburgh?: Thomas Ruddiman for the author?], →OCLC，第 9 頁:

Here the Neapolitan appeared at the door, glouring at us both. Velvet-Hood was back in her place in an instant. Said he, in his snarling way, his black eyes shooting out sparkles. "What is this hole and corner work? These confidences when I am gone—speak?"

1858年May1日, [Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald], “By Night Express”, 出自 Charles Dickens 編, Household Words. A Weekly Journal, 第 XVII 卷, 第 423 期, London: Published at the office, 16, Wellington Street North, Strand; printed by Bradbury & Evans, Whitefriars, London, →OCLC，第 479 頁:

Andersonville, to-day, presents a striking contrast to the Andersonville of the "Confederacy." [...] No bayonet gleams from the sentry-boxes on the stockade or the dark red earthworks; no frowning muzzle of field artillery glowers from the embrasures of the battery, overlooking town and prison; [...]

1868, S. H. M. Byers, “Appendix. Andersonville as It Was and Is. [From the Boston Transcript.]”, 出自 What I Saw in Dixie; or Sixteen Months in Rebel Prisons, Dansville, N.Y.: Robbins & Poore, printers, Express Printing House, →OCLC，第 92 頁:

This soothed the irascible fellow somewhat. Still glowering, he spraddled out of the cabin with the boys after him, and presently indicated one of the small temporary cabins with a jerk of his thumb.

1917, T[homas] S[igismund] Stribling, “The Dry Dock”, 出自 The Cruise of the Dry Dock, Chicago, Ill.: The Reilly & Britton Co., →OCLC，第 20–21 頁s:

She glowered at me; nothing would quiet her.

1974, Algernon D. Black, “Marriage”, 出自 Without Burnt Offerings: Ceremonies of Humanism, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN，第 107 頁:

[Charles Francis] Harding was a kindly, quiet man, though he seemed to glower through his pince nez spectacles.

1988, Robert W. Topping, “Growth under Edward C. Elliott”, 出自 A Century and Beyond: The History of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, →ISBN，第 227 頁:

[A] less interesting character here than in the previous two films, Caesar glowers through the movie, as though aware that he has been condemned to a script that is rushing to clear the stage for the straightforward Planet Of The Apes remake first teased in Rise Of The Planet Of The Apes.

2017年July7日, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The Ambitious War For The Planet Of The Apes Ends Up Surrendering to Formula”, 出自 The A.V. Club，於2017-11-27歸檔自原頁面:


glower

怒视 （自15世纪末叶）

She sure has an awful glower on her face.

[H]e [Rab, a dog] growled and gave now and then a sharp impatient yelp; he would have liked to have done something to that man. But James had him firm, and gave him a glower from time to time, and an intimation of a possible kick;—all the better for James, it kept his eye and his mind off Ailie.

1862, John Brown, “Rab and His Friends”, 出自 Spare Hours, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC，第 33 頁:

"I thought we could go a bit farther to the back pasture. You can get a better view." / "Of the extensive Bannister estate?" she said with a wry tone. / "Of the ranch," he said, a glower showing her that he didn't fully appreciate her comment.

2015, Carolyne Aarsen, 章號 6, 出自 The Cowboy’s Homecoming (Love Inspired Books), New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN，第 89 頁:

"Enough," Nathaniel repeated as he kept a tight hold on their suspenders. "What's been said was said. What's been done has been done. It's over. Let is go." / The glowers the boys gave him warned Nathaniel that he was wasting his breath.

2016, Jo Ann Brown, 章號 1, 出自 His Amish Sweetheart (Love Inspired Books; Amish Hearts; 3), New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN:


glower

glow的施動者名詞：发光的事物

Table 45 presents computed relative and absolute values for the spectral radiant emittance of a Nernst glower at T = 1965 and 2000°K (the corresponding emissivities are 0.427 and 0.438).

1968, Mikaél’ A[bramovič] Bramson, “Special Infrared Sources”, 出自 Richard B. Rodman（譯者）, 編者William L. Wolfe, Infrared Radiation: A Handbook for Applications: With a Collection of Reference Tables (Optical Physics and Engineering), New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, 2013, →DOI, →ISBN, § 3 (Infrared Incandescent Lamps)，第 274 頁:


gorilla

源自古希臘語 Γόριλλαι (Górillai, “毛人（一个女性毛发旺盛的部落）”)，记载于汉诺的手记内，他是一位迦太基航海家，可能到达了一片现在是塞拉利昂的区域，该古希腊语词源自布匿語，最终源自某非洲语言。

In three of these twenty gorillæ 14 ribs are present, and the additional rib in each of them is below. […] The conclusion that the usual place of commencement of the dorsal type in the gorilla is between the 12th and 13th dorsal vertebræ is founded on notes taken of this character in 13 of these gorillæ.

1893, Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 第 27 卷，第 133, 135 頁s:

"I'll do the old gorilla the justice to say that he is open-handed with money."

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

The two industry gorillas — IBM and AT&T — will get together to decide who will provide different communications services, Biddle stated.

1977, Computerworld (volume 11, number 19, page 58)


kibble

不详，约1790年出现动词用法，系什罗普郡方言。可能是chip的变体或派生自词源2。

kibbled oats


kibble

粗磨的产物，（尤指）饲料

The pope had already signaled his kids-over-kibbles stance in a 2014 interview with the Rome daily Il Messaggero. When asked whether some in society valued pets more than children, he said that it was a reality that reflected a “sign of cultural degeneration.”

2022年January6日, Elisabetta Povoledo, “Pope Scolds Couples Who Choose Pets Over Kids”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


kibble

源自德語 Kübel (“pail”)，源自中古高地德語 kübel、kubel (“桶；蒲式耳”)，源自古高地德語 kubil (“桶，盆”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *kubil，源自原始日耳曼語 *kub- (“装起”)，源自原始印歐語 *gew-、*gū- (“弯”)。
另外还可能源自通俗拉丁語 *cupia，源自拉丁語 cūpa。

（矿山中将物品运上地表的）铁桶


kibble

可能源自kibble (“动物饲料”)。

（《变形金刚》中）只能用于一种形态的模型部件


monastery

源自古法语monastere,源自拉丁语monastērium,源自古希腊语μοναστήριον (monastḗrion, “隐士的住所”)和μόνος (mónos, “独自”)。另见minster。


herbivore

/ˈhɜːbɪvɔː(ɹ)/

/ˈhɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/

食草动物（主要以植物为食的有机体）。


aah

(表示愉悅、滿足、驚訝)啊


grief

源自中古英語 greef、gref，源自古法語 grief (“严重的，重的，痛苦的，悲伤的”)，源自拉丁語 gravis (“重的，痛苦的，悲伤的”)。grave 的同源對似詞。

麻烦，困扰，折磨 （自13世纪初叶）

The neighbour's teenage give me grief every time they see me.

邻居家的那个十几岁的小孩每次见我都来惹我麻烦。

悲痛，哀伤，伤心 （自14世纪初叶）

She was worn out from so much grief.

The betrayal caused Jeff grief.

那次背叛让Jeff伤心不已。

Surely, he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 53:4:


grief

骚扰，故意破坏，捣乱 （自20世纪90年代末）

While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized griefing, grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, griefing has developed a full-fledged culture.

2008年January18日, Julian Dibbell, “Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World”, 出自 Wired:


memory

The memory of the righteous will be a blessing, but the name of the wicked will rot.

義人的記念被稱讚；惡人的名字必朽爛。

:Template:計算機內存，存儲器，記憶體，記憶器


iceberg

借自荷蘭語 ijsberg（由ijs (“冰”) + berg (“山”)构成的复合词），源自中古荷蘭語 ijsberch。一开始指的是在船上从远处看到的冰川，后指的是这种冰川崩落下来的浮冰。与德語 Eisberg、丹麥語 isbjerg、挪威語 isberg和瑞典語 isberg同源。

冰川的向海一面 [18–19世纪]

The Titanic hit an iceberg and sank.

zh-hant:鐵達尼號;zh-hans:泰坦尼克号撞上冰山后沉没了。

冷漠的人 [自19世纪]

冰山一角，（问题表面的）一小部分

He has little to lose: at present he will go down in history, alongside George W. Bush, as a skipper who ignored the looming fiscal iceberg.

2013, “How Barack Obama can get at least some of his credibility back”, 出自 The Economist:


ichnology

/ɪkˈnɒlədʒɪ/


images

图像（image 的複數）


images

image的单数第三人称现在式。


impervious

源自拉丁語 impervius (“无法穿过的”)，源自in- (“不”) + pervius (“能透过的”)。

more impervious (comparative)
most impervious (superlative)

The man was completely impervious to the deception we were trying.

那个男人完全没有被我们的骗术骗到。

Although the Celebrity was almost impervious to sarcasm, he was now beginning to exhibit visible signs of uneasiness, the consciousness dawning upon him that his eccentricity was not receiving the ovation it merited.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 5, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

For the past decade there were two more or less universally acknowledged truths about digital advertising. First, the rapidly growing industry was largely impervious to the business cycle.

2022年September18日, “The $300bn Google-Meta advertising duopoly is under attack”, 出自 The Economist, →ISSN:

Although patchworked and sagging, the roof proved impervious to the weather.

The white faience façade, the glazed Doultonware Carrera marble, was made locally. And being glazed, it was impervious to London's sooty atmosphere, enabling easier cleaning.

2023年December13日, Robin Leleux, “Restored... and a richly deserved award: Findlater's Corner”, 出自 RAIL, 第 998 期，第 43 頁:

The old car seemed to be impervious to the wear and tear of age.

那辆老车似乎没有受到一点老化的影响。


impregnation

/ɪmpɹɛɡˈneɪʃən/


indigenous flora

原生菌叢--與人類共生的無害菌叢


indium

铟(化學元素，原子序為49，化學符號為In)


induration

/ɪndjʊˈɹeɪʃən/


insects

昆虫类（insect 的複數）


insect

昆虫，即節肢動物門昆蟲綱動物。典型的有翅亞綱昆蟲外覆有幾丁質的分節身體，有一對複眼，一對觸角，三對口器，兩對翅。


inset

插入晶；插入物；插播广告；大图片中插入的小图片


internal migration

國內遷移。發生在國家內或領土邊界的人口遷移，經常是為了在一個比較有利的區域中尋找更好工作機會。 (Source: ISEP)


intersection

/ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/

/ˌɪntəɹˈsɛkʃən/


intertidal zone

潮间带，即在高低潮之間的海岸地帶。


intrusion

/ɪnˈtɹuːʒən/


ionization

/ˌaɪənɪˈzeɪʃən/


ionosphere

电离层。地球大氣層的區域，從地表上延伸約60至1000公里， 此處具有高濃度的自由電子，係由太空進入大氣層的離子幅射所形成的。 (來源： CED)


Iron Age

/ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/


lead

铅(化學元素，原子序為82，化學符號為Pb)

(戲劇的)主角，主要演員


legend

源自中古英語 legende，源自古法語 legende，源自中世紀拉丁語 legenda (“传说，故事，尤指圣人的故事”)，源自拉丁語 legenda (“应该一读的东西”)，源自lego (“阅读”)。

inscription

（钱币、勋章或纹章盾牌上的）刻字，铭文

The legend of Troy was discovered to have a historical basis.

特洛伊传奇被发现是有历史依据的。

the legend of Robin Hood

The 1984 Rose Bowl prank has spawned many legends. Here's the real story.

1984年的玫瑰碗恶作剧催生了很多夸张的说法。下面讲讲真实的经过。

故事： （间谍所使用的伪造的）过去，背景

According to his legend, he once worked for the Red Cross, spreading humanitarian aid in Africa.

根据他的背景，他曾在红十字会工作，在非洲提供人道援助。

人物： （神话中的）传奇人物

Achilles is a legend in Greek culture.

阿基琉斯在希腊神话中是一名传奇人物。

人物： 传奇 救星，恩人

Michael Jordan stands as a legend in basketball.

迈克尔·乔丹在篮球界是一个传奇。

I've lost my pen! —Here mate, borrow mine. —You legend.

我找不到我的笔了！ —拿去，借我的吧。—你真是救了我一命。

According to the legend on the map, that building is a school.

根据地图上的图例，那个建筑是一个学校。

（钱币、勋章或纹章盾牌上的）刻字，铭文

与诗歌故事关联起来的音乐


legend

(我們能否查找並添加Bishop Hall引用過本詞的語句？)


level

源自中古英語 level，源自古法語 livel、liveau m（后作nivel）、niveau，源自拉丁語 libella f (“平衡，水平”)，libra f (“平衡，水平”)的指小词。参见libra、librate。libella和niveau 的同源對似詞。
动词源自中古英語 levelen，其派生自名词。

leveler (comparative)
leveller (comparative)
levelest (superlative)
levellest (superlative)

This table isn't quite level; see how this marble rolls off it?

这个桌子有点歪，你看弹珠都往下滚了。

the smooth and level pavement

1667, John Milton, “Book 1”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

（以level with构式）（与某人或物同等的）一样高的

We tried to hang the pictures so that the bottom of the frames were level with the dark line in the wallpaper.

我们想要把相片挂到它的底框和报纸中的黑线对齐的地方。

Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime. Their bases were on a level with the pavement outside, a narrow way which was several feet lower than the road behind the house.

1963, Margery Allingham, 章號 14, 出自 The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

His pulse has been level for 12 hours.

他的脉搏已经稳定了12个小时。

His voice has been unchanged. It has been level for 12 hours.

He kept a level head under stress.

他在压力之下也保持了冷静的头脑。

He kept a level gaze.

After a poor start to the season, Roy Hodgson's men are now unbeaten in four matches and 10th in the Premier League table, level with Aston Villa on 11 points.

2011年October22日, Sam Sheringham, “Aston Villa 1 - 2 West Brom”, 出自 BBC Sport:

a very plain and level account

1873, Matthew Arnold, Literature and Dogma:

a level head; a level understanding

a level consideration

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

Intonation or tone is either level, rising, or falling, marked respectively

1891, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period:

The earth's oceans remain level in relation to the pull of gravity.


level

Hand me the level so I can tell if this is correctly installed.

把水平仪递给我一下，我要看看装对了没有。

（相对于某参考面的）高度；层级

By the end of the day, we'd dug down to the level of the old basement floor.

到晚上，我们挖到了旧地下室那一层。

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2013年May17日, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 188 卷, 第 23 期，第 19 頁:

The sound level is much too high; this hurts my ears. We've reached a new level of success.

音量太高了，吵的我耳朵痛。 我们的成功达到了新的高度。

She achieved a high level of distinction.

It took me weeks to get to level seven. Watch out for the next level; the bad guys there are really overpowered.

我玩了好几个星期才玩到第七关。 小心下一关，那里的敌人很厉害。

My half-orc barbarian reached fifth level before he was squashed by a troll.

我的半兽原始人升到了五级，然后就被一个巨魔拍死了。

Take the elevator and get off at the promenade level.

坐电梯到步行大道那一层。

The troops grow mutinous—the revenue fails—
There’s something rotten in us—for the level
Of the State slopes, its very bases topple,
The boldest turn their backs upon themselves!

1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:

The most common level of the colour variable is red. The other levels are blue and green.

“颜色”变量最常用的值是“红色”，也能用“蓝色”和“绿色”。


level

levels
leveling
levelling
leveled
levelled

You can level the table by turning the pads that screw into the feet.

调整桌角上用螺丝固定的垫子可以把它调平。

This pitfall, beginning in February and finishing in May, resulted in a drop of about 3 ft. in the platform level; during this period it was necessary to level the track three times weekly, and impose a service slack of 15 m.p.h. The subsidence appears now to have finished, and normal speed is once again permitted.

1939 June, “Pertinent Paragraphs: Pitfalls”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 456 頁:

The work involved a complete rewiring of the system, while the addition of four higher-capacity Mechan jacks and the increased length of the new train meant the entire floor (the length of four train carriages) had to be dug up, levelled and strengthened to meet tolerance requirements.

2020年August12日, “Network News: Four new jacks at Clacton depot”, 出自 Rail，第 18 頁:

The hurricane leveled the forest.

I levelled after defeating the dragon.

我把龙打败以后就升级了。

将...对准，将...瞄准，使...针对于

He levelled an accusation of fraud at the directors.  The hunter levels the gun before taking a shot.

Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, levelled a quarrel out of a crossbow.

1592, John Stow, The Annales of England:

The force of her horror must have been palpable in the air, because Jorge's eyes opened as she raised the bayonet up. \"Fina?\"

2023年October12日, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, 出自 SCP Foundation，於2024-05-22歸檔自原頁面:

对...施加 （惩罚等）

If the right of killing salmon belong exclusively to the King, and consequently to his donatories, why has not the Legislature secured the right by levelling penalties against such as should encroach upon it … ?

1809, William Ross (Jr.), Abridgement of the laws of Scotland relating to hunting [etc], page 60:

How can the Minister reconcile the first statement with the clause, when he is in fact levelling punishment at the woman and not at the errant father … ?

1978, Parliamentary Debates of the New Zealand House of Representatives, page 4955:

There is no purpose in levelling fines because they would be merely paid from the £1.8 billion which the BBC collects.

1995, The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) of the [Great British] House of Lords:

Ultimately, Ms. Kroes [European Union Antitrust Commissioner] could level a fine and order Intel to change its business practices.

2007, Mary Jacoby, EU investigators endorse charges against Intel, Wall Street Journal Europe, 17 January, page 32, column 5:

Holt was furious referee Michael Oliver refused to then award him a penalty after Ledley King appeared to pull his shirt and his anger was compounded when Spurs immediately levelled.

2012年April9日, Mandeep Sanghera, “Tottenham 1-2 Norwich”, 出自 BBC Sport:

to level all the ranks and conditions of men

将...调整（至某个水平）

to level remarks to the capacity of children

把话说得小孩子也能听明白

Sean, I'll level with you. This could get ugly. Do you have a gun?

2010, James William Jones, Triple Crossed:


tundra

冻原。介於從最北方終年積雪長有樹木的山脈，到南極洲邊緣及其周邊島嶼，能生長某些植被（地衣、苔蘚、莎草和矮灌木）的地區（來源： MGH）


lichen

地衣类。由真菌和藻類共生一起形成的共同體。生長於樹幹、石壁、屋簷、花園的路徑上，它們呈脆性的斑塊狀或呈密毛形態。由於沒有真正的根，它們由空氣、降水中獲得所需物質。地衣在污染監測，特別是二氧化硫，具有重要的作用。一旦污染達到不同的臨界濃度，部分的種類就會消失，這是因為它們對污染物具有高度敏感性。 (Source: WRIGHT)


omeprazole

/əʊˈmɛpɹəzəʊl/


lansoprazole

/lænˈsəʊpɹəzəʊl/


tegaserod

/təˈɡæs.əˌɹɑd/


loperamide

/ləʊˈpɛ.ɹəm.ʌɪd/


reserpine

/ɹɪˈsɝːˌpiːn/


windshield

挡风玻璃，风挡，挡风罩（不一定是玻璃制）

The freezing rain covered our windshield with ice and we couldn't see a thing.

冻雨把挡风玻璃上弄得都是雪，我们什么都看不到了。


arvo

/ˈɑː(ɹ).vəʊ/


moulin

借自法語 moulin，源自晚期拉丁語 molinum (“磨坊”)。mill的关系较远的同源对似词。


oasis

源自晚期拉丁語 Oasis ← 古希臘語 Ὄασις (Óasis) ← 世俗埃及語 wḥj ← 埃及語 wḥꜣt (“綠洲；大鍋”), G43-V28-G1-X1:N25對比科普特語 ⲟⲩⲁϩⲉ (ouahe), 阿拉伯語 وَاحَة (wāḥa)。

绿洲（沙漠中有淡水、植被的肥沃土地）


offshore

从海滨离开的；从海岸离开的。

位于大海，远离海岸（海滨）的。

位于另一个国家的，特别是有着有利的税务法律的国家的。


ooze

* （名词） 中古英語 wose (“汁，液”)，源自古英語 wōs (“汁，液，沫”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wōsą（对比中古低地德語 wose (“渣滓”)、古高地德語 wasal (“雨”)、古瑞典語 os, oos），源自原始印歐語 *wóseh₂ (“汁，液”)（对比梵語 वसा (vásā, “油脂”)）。
* （动词） 中古英語 wosen，源自古英語 wōsan，见上。


ooze

I promised him I would keep silence, but the story gradually oozed out, and the Cronsons left the country.

1868, Charlotte Riddell, A Strange Christmas Game:

Pale slime oozed through all the surfaces; some of it dripped from the ceiling and burned Dennis as badly as the blazing sparks had done a moment before.

1988, David Drake, The Sea Hag, Baen Publishing Enterprises, 出版於 2003, →ISBN:

He was hard to understand because he spoke softly, and his Vermont accent was as thick as maple syrup oozing down a pile of pancakes.

1994, Madeleine May Kunin, Living a Political Life, Vintage Books, 出版於 1995, →ISBN:

Her heart constricted when she saw thick blood oozing from a wide gash in his forehead.

2011, Karen Mahoney, The Iron Witch, Flux, →ISBN，第 278 頁:

散发，显露 （某种特质）

"Good servants are so hard to find," Chesna said, oozing arrogance.

1989, Robert R. McCammon, The Wolf's Hour, Open Road Integrated Media, 出版於 2011, →ISBN:

There are no two ways about it: a Berardi dress oozes sex appeal from its very seams.

1999, Tamsin Blanchard, Antonio Berardi: Sex and Sensibility, Watson-Guptill Publications, →ISBN，第 16 頁:

Newcastle had failed to penetrate a typically organised Stoke backline in the opening stages but, once Cabaye and then Cisse breached their defence, Newcastle oozed confidence and controlled the game with a swagger expected of a top-four team.

2012年April21日, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, 出自 BBC Sport:


ooze

源自中古英語 wose，源自古英語 wāse (“泥，泥潭”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 [具體何詞?]，源自原始日耳曼語 *waisǭ（对比荷蘭語 waas (“雾霭，花朵”)，（弃用）德語 Wasen (“草皮”)、古諾爾斯語 veisa (“粘液，污浊的池塘”)），源自原始印歐語 *weys- (“流”)（对比梵語 विष्यति (viṣyati, “流”)）。详见virus。

软泥 （包含大量钙质或硅质浮游生物残骸的远海沉积物）


origin

/ˈɒɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn/

/ˈɒɹ.ə.dʒən/

/ˈɔɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn/

/ˈɑɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn/


peak

早期形式peake、peek、peke，源自中古英語 *peke、*pek（可考作peked，是piked的变体），变换自pike、pyke、pyk (“尖端”)，源自古英語 pīc、piic (“针，尖刺，顶端，锥”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *pīkaz (“顶”)。同源词有荷蘭語 piek (“顶峰”)、丹麥語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、瑞典語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、挪威語 pik (“尖端，顶峰”)。还见pike。

apex

（某段时间内数值的）顶峰，最高值

pinnacle

（某段时间内数值的）顶峰，最高值

A less risky method is to lift your whisk or beater to check the condition of the peaks of the egg whites; the foam should be just stiff enough to stand up in well-defined, unwavering peaks.

2002, Joy of Cooking: All About Cookies, →ISBN，第 29 頁:

（某段时间内数值的）顶峰，最高值

The stock market reached a peak in September 1929.

证券市场在1929年9月达到了最高值。

By last year, family income was 8 percent lower than it had been 11 years earlier, at its peak in 2000, according to inflation-adjusted numbers from the Census Bureau.

2012年October23日, David Leonhardt, New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-24:

They reached the peak after 8 hours of climbing.

他们爬了8个小时以后到了山顶。

（整座）山，丘 （尤指独立时的）

To the South we observed a large plain some ten miles wide, with snowy peaks rising on the farther side. In front was a hill projecting into the plain, on which stood a mani wall; and this latter discovery made me feel quite confident that I was on the high road to Lhassa.

1898, Arnold Henry Savage Landor, 章號 62, 出自 In the Forbidden Land:

peak-halyards

peak-brails


peak

将...拉至垂直 （挽钩）

Historians argue about when the Roman Empire began to peak and ultimately decay.

史学家们对罗马帝国达到顶峰，最终走向灭亡的时刻争论不休。

使...接受性别批判主义或排跨基女观点（略自peak trans）

I came to this via sport but the thing that really peaked me was this.

2019年August4日, Alison Weir (@WeirAlison), Twitter:

My friend peaked me last year, at the GRA [Gender Recognition Act] consultation.

2019年August31日, MrsMiggins (@MrsMiggins13), Twitter:

Solidarity from Spain, @jk_rowling. Thank you for peaking so many people all over the world.

2021年November22日, DefendingMySisters (@DefendingMy), Twitter:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:peak。


peak

more peak (comparative)
most peak (superlative)

峰值的，最大值的，顶峰的

peak oil, Peak TV

石油峰值，（美国的）电视黄金时代

最完全的，最典型的，最有代表性的

Knowing obscure 19th-century slang is peak nerd.

知道19世纪的生僻俚语简直是宅得不能再宅了。

When they're tryna get the girl to the crib and she leaves, it's peak / Tryna keep it discreet and she tweets, it's peak / See me rolling with 20 man deep, it's peak / Yo rudeboy, pull up, repeat, it's peak

2015, “Its Peak”, 演出者 Tinie Tempah (featuring Stormzy and Bugzy Malone):

Tempting, but I think it's actually something I need to do. Like, I get what they did was peak, but I have to take some responsibility, you know?

2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia, 導演Raine Allen-Miller, Rye Lane, 角色 Dom（David Jonsson）:

That movie last night was peak!

You didn't get a spot? That's peak.


peak

Dwindle, peak, and pine.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:


peak

peag (“贝壳念珠”)的另一種寫法。


physiognomy

繼承自中古英語 phisonomie，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 phisenomie、中古法語 phisonomie等词，最终源自晚期拉丁語 physiognomia，源自古希臘語 φυσιογνωμονία (phusiognōmonía, “面相学”)，源自φύσις (phúsis, “形体，外观”) + γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “知道的人，观察的人；解释者，辨别者”)。
中古英語 phisonomie按规则本应发展为*physnomy /ˈfɪznəmi/（这样的词形常见于早期现代英语，比如莎士比亚著作《终成眷属》内的fisnomie）。现代拼写和发音是因为半接触影响。

the physiognomy of a plant; of a meteor


pipette

移液器也称：移液管、移液枪、定量吸管、吸移管


abdominal

【解剖学】腹(部)的；位于腹部的

【动物学】(鱼)有腹鳍的


arabesque

/ˌæɹ.əˈbɛsk/

/ˌæɹ.əˈbɛsk/


asunder

原为两个词，源自古英語 on (介词，等同于a) sundran (“分开的位置”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *sunder、*sundraz。同源词包括丹麥語 sønder、瑞典語 sönder、荷蘭語 zonder、德語 sonder、冰島語 sundur、法羅語 sundur和挪威語 sunder/sønder，与哥特語 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉 (sundrō)有关。

more asunder (comparative)
most asunder (superlative)

apart

成碎片，成碎屑，七零八落

in twain

成碎片，成碎屑，七零八落

成碎片，成碎屑，七零八落

Lest anyone find her treasure, she tore the map asunder and cast its pieces into the wind.

她将地图撕碎撒向风中，以防有人找到她的宝藏。

Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 2:3:

On both of those occasions, he came back to the fire with the inexplicable air upon him which I had remarked, without being able to define, when we were so far asunder.

You don't want to hurt me, but see how deep the bullet lies. Unaware that I'm tearing you asunder. There is thunder in our hearts.

1985, Kate Bush （作曲作詞）, “Running Up That Hill”:


poise

源自中古英語 poys、poyse，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 pois、中古法語 pois (“重量”)和盎格魯-諾曼語 poise、中古法語 poise (一种重量单位)，源自拉丁語 pēnsāre (“衡量，斟酌，思考”)。

as an huge rockie clift, / Whose false foundation waues haue washt away, / With dreadfull poyse is from the mayneland rift, / […] So downe he fell […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto XII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


poise

one scale of reason to poise another of sensuality

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

to poise with solid sense a sprightly wit

1699, John Dryden, Epistle to John Dryden

重 （重量为...） （14-17世纪）

给...加重负荷 （16-18世纪）

Every man poiseth [譯 poise] upon his fellowes sinne, and elevates his owne.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章號 2, 出自 John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

使...平衡，握着...使其保持平衡 （自16世纪）

（以平衡的姿态）握着，拿着，举着（不动）；使...平衡，使...稳定 （自16世纪）

I poised the crowbar in my hand, and waited.

我将撬棍握紧在手里，然后等着。

to poise the scales of a balance

（托着或压着）让天平刻度平衡

维持...的平衡，顶着...使其不动 （自17世纪）

The rock was poised precariously on the edge of the cliff.

岩石悬停在山崖边摇摇欲坠。


pollutant

污染物质。任何對環境有令人不悅影響的物質，通常指人類活動產生的殘留物。


pollution

污染。指對任何介質之生物、熱、物理或放射性質的間接或直接改變，以致對人體健康或任何生命物種的健康、安全、福祉產生某種危害或潛在危害。


precipice

首次可考于1598年，源自中古法語 precipice，源自拉丁語 praecipitium (“陡峭之处”)，源自praeceps (“陡峭的”)，源自prae + caput (“头”)。名词的首个词义记载于1632年。

I resolved to remove my tent from the place where it stood, which was just under the hanging precipice of the hill; and which, if it should be shaken again, would certainly fall upon my tent...

to stand on a precipice


prospector

A large number of prospectors have crossed over the divide to the British head waters of the Yukon, in search of the rich diggings found by a lucky few last year.

1886年June9日, “Geographical Notes”, 出自 Science, 第 VIII 卷, 第 179 號, New York: The Science Company，第 27 頁:


Herculean

more Herculean (comparative)
most Herculean (superlative)

/ˌhɜːɹkjəˈliːən/

力大无比的；巨大的 （比喻和赫尔克里斯一样的）

a Herculean labour

He replied in a dry manner, that I would find it a Herculean task to chastise everybody who should laugh at my expense;

1748, Tobias George Smollett, The Adventures of Roderick Random:

The guys at Volkswagen have a Herculean task.

2006, Jeremy Clarkson, Top Gear (TV show), commenting on the Bugatti Veyron automobile

There are thousands of known isotopes, and to have a functional and easily maintainable exhibit for all of these would require a Herculean effort.


staggering

stagger 的現在時分詞和動名詞


staggering

more staggering (comparative)
most staggering (superlative)

The army suffered a staggering defeat.

军队遭受了一次惨烈的失败。

It is this stretch which provides what is perhaps the most staggering scenic prospect of all; the impression made on the mind by the overwhelming height of the Eiger, towering over the train, is almost impossible to describe.

1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 754 頁:


staggering

There are to whom the gods, in their bounty, give glory: but far oftener it is given in wrath, as a curse and a poison; disturbing the whole inner health and industry of the man; leading onward through dizzy staggerings and tarantula jiggings […]

1837, “Memoirs of Mirabeau”, 出自 The Westminster Review, 第 26 卷，第 436 頁:

But these doubts, and fears, and staggerings, although they may be in the believer, yet they are not in his faith; these things argue the infirmity of his faith, indeed; but under all this, faith is fighting for the victory[…]

1738, Ebenezer Erskine, The Annals of Redeeming Love:

（动画中）反复播放某几帧（来强调角色使力）


myeloid

/ˈmaɪəˌlɔɪd/


phenacyl

苯乙酮基，苯甲酰甲基（C₆H₅-CO-CH₂-）


phenyl

*来自法语 phényl ← 古希腊语 φαίνω (phaínō)。


trimethylammonium

三甲基铵（质子化的三甲胺）


thylakoid

類囊體(葉綠體中由膜凹陷形成餅狀的內膜，上有酵素)


stroma

基質(包括結締組織、神經組織和血管)

基質(充滿於葉綠體中的液體)


plastoquinone

葉綠醌(光合作用中負責電子傳送的分子)


macabre

借自法語 macabre，其词源不详，但可能源自danse macabre —— 其作定语时为形容词 —— 一般认为是圣经名字Maccabees的变体，对比拉丁語 Chorea Machabaeorum。
另一理论认为其派生自西班牙語 macabro，源自阿拉伯語 مَقَابِر (maqābir, “墓地”)，مَقْبَرَة (maqbara)或مَقْبُرَة (maqbura)的复数形式。而直接借用阿拉伯语复数的例子并不鲜见。

more macabre (comparative)
most macabre (superlative)

There are four fundamental figures. One is a man measuring and comparing his world[…] In front of him is a macabre figure, a cadaver ready to be dissected. This symbolizes man serving mankind. The third figure is the scientist, the man who makes use of the information gathered in the first two fields of mensurable science.

1941, George C. Booth, Mexico's School-made Society，第 106 頁:

Indeed, in the 1854 draft of Tristan he planned to have Parzival visit the dying knight, and both operas display the same macabre obsession with bloody gore and festering wounds.

1993, Theodore Ziolkowski, “Wagner's Parsifal between Mystery and Mummery”, 出自 Werner Sollors 編, The Return of Thematic Criticism，第 274-275 頁s:

The appeal of the spectrally macabre is generally narrow because it demands from the reader a certain degree of imagination and a capacity for detachment from every-day life.

1927, H. P. Lovecraft, “Introduction”, 出自 Supernatural Horror in Literature, 出版於 1938:


meteorological

/ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/

/ˌmiːtɪəɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/


engulf

Desperation engulfed her after her daughter's death.

她女儿死后，她陷入了绝望中。

Shaken by the biggest challenge to their authority in years, Brazil’s leaders made conciliatory gestures on Tuesday to try to defuse the protests engulfing the nation’s cities.

2013年June18日, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-06-21:

The blank spaces of Mallarmé, the silence of Maesterlinck, the inaniloquous repetitive babblings of Gertrude Stein are the abyss which threatens to engulf creative effort if it continues in this direction.

1934, The Modern Monthly, 第 8 卷，第 308 頁:

Only Noah and his family survived when the Flood engulfed the world.

大洪水吞噬整个世界时，只有诺亚和他的家庭存活下来了。


pteridophyte

/tɪˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/

/təˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/

/ˈtɛɹədəˌfaɪt/


pulley

源自中古英語 puly、poley，源自古法語 poulie、polie (“滑轮”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 polidia，该复数形式被错误当作中性词polidium的阴性形式，源自古希臘語 πολίδιον (polídion, “小支点”)，πόλος (pólos, “支点，轴”)的指小词，源自原始印歐語 *kʷel- (“转”)。民间词源理论将其与pull (“拉”, 动词)错误地关联起来。


pulp

紙漿。利用機械或化學方法分解木材而得到的一種有纖維質的物質，用於造紙和纖維素的生產，也叫做木質紙漿。 (Source: MGH)


embryo

:中世紀拉丁語对古希臘語 ἔμβρυον (embruon)（“胎儿”）的失义借用，后者 < ἐν (en-) + βρύω (bruō)（“生长”）。

胚；胚胎；（尤指受孕后八周内的）人类胚胎


ribose

核糖(一種天然生成的戊糖(naturally occurring pentose sugar))


disaccharide

二醣類(由兩個單醣類組成)


conformation

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-conformation.wav


fast

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非


fast

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非


fast

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非


fast

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非

標準英音，澳大利亞，新西蘭，南非


bright

形容词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮的，明亮的；强烈的；闪亮的；辉煌的；（指人）美丽的，面色红润的；极佳的；清晰的；（指视觉）明晰的；（比喻义）无罪过的；开明的”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 bryht、breht (诺森伯兰)，字母换位自byrht (盎格鲁)、beorht (西萨克逊)、berht (“明晰的”) [以及其他形式]，源自原始西日耳曼語 *berht，源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰerHǵ- (“照，使...变白”)。
名词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮，闪亮；阳光；光”)，源自bright (形容词)：见上文。
英语词的同源词包括阿爾巴尼亞語 bardhë (“白的”)、荷蘭語 brecht (用于人名)、冰島語 bjartur (“明亮的”)、立陶宛語 brekšta (“破晓”)、中古愛爾蘭語 brafad (“眨眼”)、挪威語 bjart (“光亮的，明晰的”)、波斯語 برازیدن (barâzidan, “美化；适宜于”)、北盧里語 بڵێز (bełız, “火焰”) 俄語 бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “破晓；发微光；（比喻义，指希望，思想等）出现，显现”)、梵語 भ्राजते (bhrājate)、低地蘇格蘭語 bricht (“明亮的”)、威爾士語 berth (“美丽的”) (弃用)。

brighter (comparative)
brightest (superlative)

明亮的，发光的，闪耀的，照耀的；炫目的

The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.

夏天里的那天，蓝色的天空格外的闪耀夺目。

Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]

1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC，第 22 頁:

Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 372 and 381–382 行s:

There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.

1897, Bram Stoker, “Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, 出自 Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC，第 95 頁:

Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.

能把灯调暗点吗？太亮了。

It was said that the Irish whom [Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of] Feversham had let loose were marching on London and massacring every man, woman, and child on the road. At one in the morning the drums of the militia beat to arms. […] Before two the capital wore a face of stern preparedness which might well have daunted a real enemy, if such an enemy had been approaching. Candles were blazing at all the windows. The public places were as bright as at noonday.

1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 X, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James II, 第 II 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，第 564 頁:

[H]e felt the influence of the bright sky, and looked up smiling into its deep unfathomable blue.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, 出自 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 第 III 卷, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 77，第 392 頁:

Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.

1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC，第 6 頁:

They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.

1961年November10日, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，第 169 頁:

Her step was quick; her eye piercing, and of the brightest blue; […]

1838 May, L. M., “The West Fifty Years Since”, 出自 T[homas] W[illis] White 編, The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature and the Fine Arts, 第 IV 卷, 第 V 期, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, […], →OCLC, chapter II，第 308 頁，第 1 列:

The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.

客厅的橙色蓝色相间的墙壁比厨房的单调灰色的墙鲜艳多了。

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 II, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC，第 15 頁:

透明的，澄明的；纯净的，无杂质的； 纯净的，无悬浮物的，优质的

From […] the brighteſt Wines / He'd turn abhorrent.

1728, [James] Thomson, Spring: A Poem, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar and G[eorge] Strahan, →OCLC，第 10 頁:

And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.

1681, Charles Cotton, The Wonders of the Peake, London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC，第 16 頁:

I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.

今天起床心情特别好，好到我跳了支舞。

Their spirits had risen a little at the discovery of the path, but now they sank into their boots; and yet they would not give it up and go away. The hobbit [Bilbo Baggins] was no longer much brighter than the dwarves. He would do nothing but sit with his back to the rock-face and stare[…]。

1937年September21日, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “On the Doorstep”, 出自 The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, 3rd版, London: Unwin Books, George Allen & Unwin, 出版於 1966 (1970 printing), →ISBN，第 191 頁:

Bright eyes / Burning like fire / Bright eyes / How can you close and fail? / How can the light that burned so brightly / Suddenly burn so pale? / Bright eyes

1978年October19日, Mike Batt （作曲作詞）, “Bright Eyes”, 出自 Fate for Breakfast, 演出者 Art Garfunkel, 出版於 19 January 1979:

Come on: / Gentle my Lord, ſleeke o're your rugged Lookes, / Be bright and Iouiall among your Gueſts to Night.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]，第 140 頁，第 2 列:

She has a bright future ahead.

Things are going great, and they're only getting better / I'm doing all right, getting good grades / The future's so bright, I gotta wear shades

1986, Pat MacDonald （作曲作詞）, “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”, 出自 Greetings from Timbuk3, 演出者 Timbuk3:

If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.

他努力训练的话就很有希望能赢得那场竞赛。

She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.

她很聪明，不需要我帮忙就解决了那个问题。

―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，第 573 頁:

Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.

2013年August3日, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8847 期, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2013-08-03歸檔自原頁面:

[T]he Queriſt muſt not proceed too ſwiftly towards the Determination of his Point propos'd, that he may with more Eaſe, with brighter Evidence, and with ſurer Succeſs draw the Learner on to aſſent to thoſe Principles ſtep by ſtep, from whence the final Concluſion will naturally ariſe.

1741, I[saac] Watts, “The Socratical Way of Disputation”, 出自 The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph V，第 172 頁:


bright

humanist

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

nonsupernaturalist

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

atheist

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

super

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

supernaturalist

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 372 and 377–381 行s:

（尤指商品）颜色鲜亮的东西

人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.

2003年June20日, Richard Dawkins, “The future looks bright”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2021-03-22歸檔自原頁面:

Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.

2006, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Breaking Which Spell?”, 出自 Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon)，第 27 頁:

[Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.

2008 April, David Aikman, “The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, 出自 The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness, Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，第 28 頁:


bright

源自中古英語 brighte (“明亮地；（比喻义）极佳地，辉煌地；（指颜色）鲜艳的，清晰地；洪亮地，大声地”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 breohte、beorhte (西萨克逊) [以及其他形式]，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，详见词源 1。

more bright (comparative)
most bright (superlative)


bright

源自中古英語 brighten (“照亮；变亮；破晓；（比喻义）净化，纯化；解释，阐明”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 beorhtian (“照亮，照耀；发声清晰洪亮”) [以及其他形式]，可能源自beorht (“明亮的”, 形容词)（详见词源 1） + -ian (从形容词和名词构成动词的后缀)。该词之后的使用可能亦直接派生自形容词。

embrighten

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

enliven

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

delight

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

gladden

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

please

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

brighten

（变得符合形容词的多个义项）

使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.

1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, 出自 Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd版, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], 出版於 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2，第 14 頁:

（变得符合形容词的多个义项）

Day brighteth at the smile o' her and yea, He hath aplanted full o' seed for harvesting by thy loving.

1915, Keith Ringkamp 編, The Patience Worth Record, 第 I 卷, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，第 238 頁:


chaperon

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/

（陪伴未婚少女上社交場所的）年長女伴

（青年社交聚會時在場的）監護人


chaperon

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/


titration

/tɪˈtɹeɪʃən/


inhalation

/ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/

[ˌɪnɦəˈleɪʃn̩]


phagocytosis

/ˌfeɪɡəʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs/


arm

從中央延伸的細長部分，例如吊臂


quarrying

土石採取。地表石頭或礦物沉積物的表面開採和移除。


quartering

肢解畜體。指對屠宰後的畜體進行肢解的作法，在這過程中會產生某些有機廢水，這些廢水如果不正確處理，就會造成環境污染，並產生難聞的氣味。 (Source: CED)


radiation damage

放射线破坏、辐射损伤、輻射損害。由於暴露於離子化輻射所造成的有機體驅體上或遺傳基因上的傷害。 (根源: GUNN)


radioactive decontamination

消除放射性。去除工作區域中散佈的或沈降於物質表面的放射性污染物，包括人員淨化。有兩種途徑可以去除，一種是機械式，另一種是化學方法。


radium

镭(化學元素，原子序為88，化學符號為Ra)。


radon

氡（化学符号Rn，原子序数86）；氡气


rapid

more rapid (comparative)
most rapid (superlative)


ravine

借自法語 ravin (“溪谷”)，源自古法語 raviner (“洗劫；突袭；倾泻”)，源自ravine (“劫掠；激流，雪崩；冲动”)，源自拉丁語 rapīna（对比rapine）。

He fell into a reverie, a most dangerous state of mind for a chauffeur, since a fall into reverie on the part of a driver may mean a fall into a ravine on the part of the machine.

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 3, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.

2007年April1日, Thomas Harlan, The Shadow of Ararat: Book One of 'The Oath of Empire'，第 294 頁:


ravine

源自中古英語 ravene、ravine，源自古法語 raviner (“强抢”)，源自ravine (“劫掠”)，源自拉丁語 rapīna (“洗劫”)，源自rapere (“占领，洗劫”)。

raven (“劫掠”)的另一種寫法

And he, shall he,
Man, her last work, who seem’d so fair, […]
Who trusted God was love indeed
And love Creation’s final law—
Tho’ Nature, red in tooth and claw
With ravine, shriek’d against his creed—
Who loved, who suffer’d countless ills,
Who battled for the True, the Just,
Be blown about the desert dust,
Or seal’d within the iron hills?

1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam A.H.H.:


raw material

原料。一種天然的，未被加工的或經過部分加工的作為加工工藝給料的物質。 (Source: MGH)


recapitulation

re·kə·pĭ·chə·lāʹshən


recharge

/ɹiːˈtʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ/

/ˈɹiːtʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ/


reef

暗礁。在海岸潮汐區內的系列岩石。於高水位時被淹沒；但低水位時，部份會顯現出來。 (來源： WHIT)


refining

精制；精練（法）；提煉；細化


reflection

/ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/

反射。物理学上可以指波或粒子從投射的表面折返。


refusion

/ɹɪˈfjuːʒən/


regeneration

再生。化工上可以指以適當方法从活性炭，離子交換樹脂和濾床等物質，去除有機物、金屬和固體等物，使更新或重新利用。


relationship

/ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/

/ɹɪˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp/


relaxation

/ˌɹɪlækˈseɪʃən/


reverberation

/ɹiˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/

/ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/

/ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/


reversal

/ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)səl/


rhombohedral hemimorphic hemihedral class


river bed

河床，現在或過去曾經容納水的水道。riverbed的另一種寫法。


room

英國，新英格蘭，滨海地区


dubnium

𨧀（化学元素，符号Db）


rutherfordium

/ˌɹʌðəɹˈfɔːɹdiəm/


scandium

鈧(化學元素，原子序為21，化學符號為Sc)


seaborgium

/siːˈbɔːɹɡiəm/


selenium

硒(化學元素，原子序為34，化學符號為Se)


sulfur

硫，硫磺(化學元素，原子序為16，化學符號為S)


zirconium

新拉丁語造词法，源自zircon。

鋯(化學元素，原子序為40，化學符號為Zr)


caper

(用作調料的)醃續隨子花蕾


a fortiori

/ˈɑː fɔːɹtɪˈoʊɹiː/

/ˈeɪ fɔɹʃˈjɔˑɹaɪ/


board

管理商業的董事會/委員會


education

/ˌɛd͡ʒʊˈkeɪʃn̩/

/ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃn̩/


organisation

/ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/


music

源自中古英語 musik、musike，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 musik、musike、古法語 musique，及它们的来源拉丁語 mūsica，源自古希臘語 μουσική (mousikḗ)，源自古希臘語 Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “缪斯”)，古希腊的艺术女神。词形分析作muse + -ic (“与...有关的”)。取代了日耳曼语系本土词古英語 drēam，其与英語 dream同源。

I keep listening to this music because it's a masterpiece.

我总是听这个音乐因为它是杰作。

Music lessons in early childhood lead to changes in the brain that could improve its performance far into adulthood, researchers say.

2013年November22日, Ian Sample, “Music lessons in early childhood may improve brain's performance”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 189 卷, 第 24 期，第 32 頁:

“Oh! this was very kind,” she said, with that simplicity and tenderness, which at times made her voice pure music, “I could not have expected you so soon.”

1856, John Esten Cooke, The Virginia Comedians，第 247 頁:


suggestion

/səɡˈd͡ʒɛstʃən/


poor

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-poor.wav


king's ransom

源自被绑架的王需要大笔赎金才能救回的说法。

king's ransoms (plural)
kings' ransoms (plural)

"But to yonder pavilion . . . the moon is glimmering on the gilded ball which crowns its roof, and which is worth a king's ransom."

1825, Sir Walter Scott, 章號 12, 出自 The Talisman:

These gold, silver and pewter pieces are part of a king’s ransom of Spanish treasure salvaged from the sea off Florida where they had lain for 250 years.

1967 March 10, Archeology: An Ill-Starred Treasure Comes into Its Own (pictorial), LIFE, page 101:

“ […] This commercial message is sponsored by Lebenthal in the heartfelt belief that we’re not the only ones who are going to miss the bonds when they’re gone and it costs a king’s ransom to turn on the lights, boil water, or haul the garbage.”

1986 March 24, Bernice Kanner, The Real James Bond: Jim Lebenthal’s Tax-Bill Crusade, New York, page 46:

Solving longitude was one of the major preoccupations of European nations from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. King’s ransoms were offered for its solution.

2005, Michael R. Matthews, Colin F. Gauld, Arthur Stinner, The Pendulum: Its Place in Science, Culture and Pedagogy, Michael R. Matthews, Colin F. Gauld, Arthur Stinner (editors), The Pendulum: Scientific, Historical, Philosophical and Educational Perspectives, page 7:

Except that Clarissa Astley would not have been decked out in a king's ransom of diamonds.

2010, Jane Feather, Rushed to the Altar, Pocket Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN，第 386 頁:


a number of

A number of people have commented on it.

There are a number of problems with the log-in system.

这个登录系统有几个问题。

I spoke with a number of them about it.

我和他们中的几个人谈了谈那件事。


wood

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式


wood

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式


wood

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式

標準英音，澳大利亞，通用美式


quick

中古英語 quik, quic < 古英語 cwic < 原始西日耳曼語 *kwiku < 原始日耳曼語 *kwikwaz < 原始印歐語 *gʷih₃wós


ablaze

more ablaze (comparative)
most ablaze (superlative)

猛烈燃烧的，炽热的 （18世纪）

On entering the walls which surround the house, then all ablaze, a most dreadful conflict took place […]

1791, The Bee, Volume 4, Short Chronicle of Events, 27 July, 1791, p. v,

The canoe, a dim shadowy thing, moves across the black water, / Bearing a torch ablaze at the prow.

1881, Walt Whitman, “The Torch”, 出自 Leaves of Grass, Boston: James R. Osgood，第 305 頁:

So Wang and Tiger’s men rushed into such houses as were not too ablaze and they began to drag out booty of silken pieces and yards of cloth and garments and anything they could carry.

1932, Pearl S. Buck, Sons, Wakefield, RI: Moyer Bell, 1992, Chapter 13, pp. 128-129,

Mario Balotelli, in the headlines for accidentally setting his house ablaze with fireworks, put City on their way with goals either side of the interval as United struggled to contain the array of attacking talent in front of them.

2011年October23日, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 1 - 6 Man City”, 出自 BBC Sport:

耀眼的，亮眼的 （18世纪）

The Heav’ns are all a-blaze, the face of night
Is cover’d with a sanguine dreadful light:

1716, John Gay, Trivia, 3rd版, London: Bernard Lintot, 出版於 1730, Book 3, p. 64:

All ablaze with crimson and gold.

1872, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Christus: A Mystery:

The day being June the thirtieth, which is the very high-tide time of summer flowers, the immediate neighbourhood of the castle was ablaze with roses, pinks, pansies, carnations, hollyhocks, columbines, larkspurs, London pride, Canterbury bells, and a multitude of other choice blooms.

1923, P. G. Wodehouse, 章號 I, 出自 Leave It to Psmith:

She loved this hour when the lights were coming up in the causeway: white and blue and orange lights and the hotels and coloured adverts ablaze but not yet effective in the pale twilight.

1961, Cyprian Ekwensi, 章號 3, 出自 Jagua Nana, Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 出版於 1969，第 13 頁:

Autumn is a lovely time to visit as the tree cover near the line is ablaze with colour.

2021年July28日, Paul Bigland, “Calder line captures picturesque Pennines”, 出自 RAIL, 第 936 期，第 69 頁:

非常激动的，非常兴奋的 （17世纪）

And this Fire of your Eyes easily strikes those of your Auditors, who have theirs constantly fixt upon yours; and it must needs set them a-blaze too upon the same Resentment and Passion.

大約1680, uncredited translator, An Essay upon the Action of an Orator by Michel Le Faucheur, London: Nicholas Cox, pp. 184-185,

The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to assist Torrijos.

1851, Thomas Carlyle, The Life of John Sterling:

Raoul was ablaze with indignation.

1880, George Washington Cable, 章號 40, 出自 The Grandissimes, New York: Scribner，第 318 頁:

His indifference to Carmen, who has all the other males in sight quivering with a passion never seen on land or sea, sets her ablaze; in a series of scenes which it is difficult to call erotic without adding that they are also infantile, she goes after him and he falls.

1955, James Baldwin, “Carmen Jones: The Dark is Light Enough”, 出自 Notes of a Native Son, New York: Dial, 出版於 1963，第 48 頁:

[…] Dawit, glorious and fearless, charging at the enemy, […] his eyes ablaze with a hatred so pure that for a moment, the ascaro draws back before he lifts his weapon and aims.

2019, Maaza Mengiste, The Shadow King, Edinburgh: Canongate:


ablaze

燃烧着 （19世纪初叶）

[…] with the spontaneous combustion the house smouldered ablaze.

1969, Ray Bradbury, “The Haunting of the New”, 出自 I Sing the Body Electric!, New York: Knopf，第 143 頁:


ab intra

/ˌæb ˈɪn.tɹə/


ab ovo

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ab ōvō (字面意思是“从蛋开始”)。

自始以來，一直 （最早出现于16世纪晚期）


abandonee

受領(或主張有權受領)被遺棄財物者

由保險人委以海損財物全部權利的承保人


abaya

阿拉伯人穿的寬大無袖外衣==土耳其語==


ablution

繼承自中古英語 ablucioun (“淨化不潔”)，派生自古法語 ablution和晚期拉丁語 ablūtiō (“洗去”)，源自abluō (“洗掉”)，源自ab- (“遠離”) + lavō (“洗”)。


absent

:< 中古法語 absent < 古法語 ausent < 拉丁語 absent-——absens 的词干——abesse （“远离”）的现在分词；构自 ab + esse （“是”）。

缺席的，不在的，不在场的


absent

:< 拉丁語 absente （“缺席”）。


absent

:< 古法語 absenter < 晚期拉丁語 absentare （“远离，离开”）。

（后接反身代词）离开，远离


salina

鹽場。晶質鹽沉積物形成或被發現的地方，如鹽田或鹽漬地。(來源: BJGEO)


acceptable

more acceptable (comparative)
most acceptable (superlative)


zany

源自中古法語 zani、zanni，源自意大利語 zanni (“戴面具的丑角”)，源自Zanni，Giovanni的方言形式。

zanier (comparative)
zaniest (superlative)

And I will admit now but never then that, more than once, listening to the Viennese chattering their zany German on the pavements, or taking himself to one of the struggling small theatres that were cropping up in cellars and bombed houses...

Press articles emphasized his [Dizzy Gillespie's] ambassadorial role and drew attention to the paradox that he was a shrewd musician and leader despite his zany image.

1999, Alyn Shipton, “Gillespiana”, 出自 Groovin' High: The Life of Dizzy Gillespie, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，第 293 頁:

When playing for Connie Mack, Rube [Waddell]'s pattern after one of his zany outbursts usually involved promises of good behavior and a spurt of excellent pitching.

2000, Alan H. Levy, Rube Waddell: The Zany, Brilliant Life of a Strikeout Artist, Jefferson, N.C.: London: McFarland & Company, →ISBN，第 241 頁:

This runs counter to the play, where Grandpa is always benignly indulgent of all his zany progeny and their equally zany spouses, and is even somewhat zany himself.

2013, William Paul, “No Escaping the Depression: Utopian Comedy and the Aesthetics of Escapism in Frank Capra's You Can't Take it with You (1938)”, 出自 A Companion to Film Comedy, Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，第 280 頁:

The montage goes on to show scenes of Carla singing, dancing, meditating, breaking the tension amongst her co-cheftestants with sing-a-longs and “hootie-hoo” lessons, and ultimately wooing the judges with a combination of her zany personality and solid cooking skills.

2015, Kimberly D. Nettles-Barcelón, “The Sassy Black Cook and the Return of the Magic Negress: Popular Representations of Black Women's Food Work”, 出自 Jennifer Jensen Wallach 編, Dethroning the Deceitful Pork Chop: Rethinking African American Foodways from Slavery to Obama, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, →ISBN，第 117 頁:


zany

小丑 （尤指滑稽模仿主要丑角的）

Then write that I may follow, and so be / Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany.

a. 1631, John Donne, Epistle to Mr. I. W.

O great restorer of the good old stage, / Preacher at once, and Zany of thy age!

1728, Alexander Pope, “Book III”, 出自 The Dunciad:

Part of the illusory world is the 'quack' or mountebank who can be seen standing on his own special platform in the centre of the crowd[…]。Such a person travelled round to fairs and markets selling his nostrums or medicines. This character is dressed in a lace hat, long periwig and embroidered coat with lace cuffs, and is attended by his zany, who is wearing a chequered harlequin outfit and is 'quacking' or 'puffing' his master's wares. No seventeenth- or eighteenth-century mountebank was complete without his zany or 'Merry Andrew' – a term originally applied to Dr Andrew Boorde, physician to Henry VIII and noted for his ready wit and humour, who was the subject of many broadside ballads.

1996, Fiona Haslam, From Hogarth to Rowlandson: Medicine in Art in Eighteenth-century Britain, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, →ISBN，第 69 頁:


zenith

源自中古英語 cenyth，源自中世紀拉丁語 cenit，源自阿拉伯語 سَمْت (samt, “方向，小路”)，源自完整形式سَمْت اَلرَّأْس (samt ar-raʔs, “头的朝向”)。以-ni-代-m-的情况有时被认为是误读了三个笔画。这个说法确实有道理，但是也可能只是发音模仿导致的。

nadir

天顶 （观测者头顶水平向上的位置）

perigee

天顶 （观测者头顶水平向上的位置）

天顶 （观测者头顶水平向上的位置）

The 12 day wee had the wind high and large ſo that in two dayes ſaile we made the Sunne our Zenith or verticall point[…]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1638 Herbert, Sir Thomas Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique

In this 10th m. appeared that prodigious Comett the tayl whereof was like the blade of a double edged sword, and reached almost from the horizon to the zenith.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1671–1693: Rev. Thomas Jolly, private notebook; printed in: 1895, Henry Fishwick (editor), The Note Book of the Rev. Thomas Jolly: A.D. 1671–1693. Extracts from the Church Books of Altham and Wymondhouses, 1649–1725. And an Account of the Jolly Family of Standish, Gorton, and Altham, page 44

In the east a pillar of cloud reared from horizon to zenith, with a kind of arm outstretched like a threatening colossus.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1943, Chapter XI, p. 180, https://archive.org/details/capricornianovel00herb

天顶 （天体在天上达到的最大高度）

As far to the west as Monica could see, her world was a sea of fog, […]。Above it arched a cerulean sky; as the sun climbed to the zenith, […], the fog gradually took on a bluish tinge.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1920, Peter B. Kyne, The Understanding Heart, Chapter II:

Winning the continental championship was the zenith of my career.

在洲际锦标赛中夺冠是我生涯的巅峰。

It was during those civil troubles […] this aspiring family reached the zenith.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 13, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 (please specify |volume=I to V) 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

"There for a while I enjoyed myself in the zenith of glory and pleasure."

1900, William Beckford, The History of the Caliph Vathek，第 173 頁:


accolade

借自 法語 accolade，派生自奧克語 acolada (“擁抱（名詞）”)、acolar (“擁抱（動詞）”)，派生自意大利語 accollato，派生自通俗拉丁語 accolāre (“摟著脖子”)，派生自拉丁語 ad- + collum (“脖子”)（英語 collar）。

骑士称号授予仪式，以剑击肩礼


adjacent

借自拉丁語 adiacēns，adiacentis，衍生自adiaceo (“我躺在旁邊”)；来自ad (“於，至，對，向”) + iaceo (“我躺下”)。


adjacent

緊挨著其他東西的東西，尤指直角三角形的鄰邊


adjacent

The house adjacent to the school was demolished.

A notice was sent to the house adjacent the school.

學校附近的房子收到了通知。

While Amazon has increasingly become a one-stop shop for some people, we’re also seeing a large proliferation of online companies looking to connect with users wherever they happen to be spending the most time, whether that’s on a social media platform, or on a site that caters to interests adjacent to the businesses’s own — and most importantly not necessarily on the company’s own web properties.

雖然亞馬遜越來越成為某些人的一站式商店，但我們也看到大量在線公司希望在用戶花費最多時間的地方與他們建立聯繫，無論是在社交媒體平台上，還是在一個迎合企業自身相關利益的網站——最重要的是，不一定在公司自己的網絡資產上。

2008年March27日, Ingrid Lunden, “Braintree launches Extend to integrate loyalty, fraud prevention and other services into payments”, 出自 TechCrunch, retrieved 2019-07-26:


accord

* 首见于13世纪晚期。
* 来自中古英語 accorden，acorden，借自古法語 acorder（对比现代法语accord和accorder），来自通俗拉丁語 *accordō, accordāre (“心連心”)，来自拉丁語 ad + cor (“心”)。相當於ac- + -cord-。
* 动词首见于12世纪早期。


daffodil

中古英語 affodill (“熊葱”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 affodillus，源自拉丁語 asphodelus，源自古希臘語 ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos)，源自前希臘時期的底層語言。起头的d-可能是源自荷兰语冠词de affodil。（对比adder、apron、newt、nickname、orange和umpire）

daffodil：


daffodil

more daffodil (comparative)
most daffodil (superlative)


daft

源自中古英語 dafte、defte (“温柔的；礼貌的；谦逊的；尴尬的；无聊的；粗野的”)，源自古英語 dæfte (“乐于助人的；温柔的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *daftī (“合适的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“适”)。与古英語 dafnian、dafenian (“合适的”)、俄語 до́брый (dóbryj, “好的”)有关。
对比silly，其原指“很好的；无辜的；可怜的；弱小的”，但现在指“愚蠢的”。
与daff (“笨蛋；愚蠢的”)（过去式daffed）无关，但可能受到了其影响。

dafter (comparative)
daftest (superlative)

a daft idea

Thou art the daftest fuill that ever I saw. / Trows thou, man, be the law to get remeid / Of men of kirk? Na, nocht till thou be deid.

You are the daftest fool that ever I saw. / Trust you, man, by the law to get a remedy / 源自men of the church? No, not till you are dead.

1602, David Lyndesay [i.e., David Lyndsay], Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits, in Commendation of Vertew and Vitvperation of Vyce (語言：低地蘇格蘭語), Edinburgh: Printed be Robert Charteris, →OCLC; 再版為 Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits, in Commendation of Vertew and Vitvperation of Vyce (Early English Text Society, Original Series; no. 37), [London]: [Published for the Early English Text Society, by N[icholas] Trübner & Co.], [1869], →OCLC，第 451 頁，第 2008–2010 行s:

In case you haven't heard of them [the Taipings], I must tell you that they were another of those incredible phenomena that made China the topsy-turvey mess it was, like some fantastic land from Gulliver, where everything was upside down and out of kilter. Talk about moonbeams from cucumbers; the Taipings were even dafter than that.

1985, George MacDonald Fraser, 章號 1, 出自 Flashman and the Dragon: 源自the Flashman Papers, 1860, London: Collins Harvill, →ISBN; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Plume, 1987, →ISBN:

You haven't exactly been playing the master tactician through all this, but that seems the daftest course you could possibly have taken.

1990, Iain Pears, The Raphael Affair, London: Gollancz, →ISBN; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harper, 2014, →ISBN，第 22 頁:

The boy gathered himself up, shook his shaggy head, and, said, in a piteous tone: 'Davie's daft!' 'Davie's daft!' He then kicked the poor idiot till his cries attracted the attention of the guests, some of whom immediately came to the spot: […]

1843 April, “The Vale of Glencoe: A Tale of Scotland”, 出自 The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine, 第 XXI 卷, 第 4 期, New York, N.Y.: Published by John Allen, […], →OCLC，第 339 頁:

‘It’s a lee [lie],’ says the man; ‘she’s either drunk or daft.’ / ‘Me drunk, you ill-tongued vagabond!’ says my Auntie Kirsty, who couldna bear such a reproach on her good name, ‘I’m a’ but blackfasting this day from either meat or drink; you had better no meddle wi’ my character.’

1876, S[arah] R. Whitehead, “On the Wrong Coach”, 出自 Daft Davie and Other Sketches of Scottish Life and Character, London: Hodder and Stoughton, […], →OCLC，第 220 頁:

There's mirth in the barn and the ha', the ha', / There's mirth in the barn and the ha': / There's quaffing and laughing, / And dancing and daffing; / And our young bride's daftest of a', of a', / And our young bride's daftest of a'.

1825, “Who’s at My Window”, 出自 Allan Cunningham 編纂, The Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; […] In Four Volumes, 第 III 卷, London: Printed for John Taylor, […], →OCLC，第 334 頁:


termination

Long indeed did that morning appear to Francesca—the longer as her anxiety was unexpressed; for it certainly does shorten a period of waiting not a little to spend it in talking over its various probabilities of termination, wondering what will happen, while we are consoled by the strong sympathy we excite in the listener.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIV, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 III 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 111 頁:

1. Some adjectives of the third declension have three terminations in the nominative singular,—one for each gender; some two,—one for the masculine and feminine, the other for the neuter; and some, only one for all genders.
1. Verbs whose terminations are alike, are said to be of the same conjugation.
 2. Latin verbs are divided into four conjugations.

1849, E. A. Andrews, A First Latin Book; Or Progressive Lessons in Reading and Writing Latin, 2nd版, Boston，第 52 & 69 頁:

[O]n this idea, in naming the bases of potash and soda, it will be proper to adopt the termination which, by common consent, has been applied to other newly discovered metals... Potasium and sodium are the names...

1808, Humphry Davy, The Bakerian Lecture, on some new Phenomena of chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalis, and on the Exhibition of the new substances which constitute their bases; and on the general Nature of alkaline Bodies, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part 1, p. 32.


acquit

acquits
acquitting
acquitted
acquitted
acquit


red tape

一般认为指以前用红带子将政府文件绑起来的习惯。

曾用来将重要文件捆起来的红胶带

All the red tape and paperwork that goes on there prevents any progress.

那边要办一大堆手续，工作根本没法继续。

One conspicuous cost of the compromise reached was a promise made by Senator Chuck Schumer to Manchin on what was vaguely called permitting reform: a catchall phrase referring to a whole host of efforts to cut red tape and ease the rollout of energy infrastructure.

2022年October5日, David Wallace-Wells, “Progressives Should Rally Around a Clean Energy Construction Boom”, 出自 The New York Times:


out of line

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见out of、line。

I lost my place when I had to get out of line to find you.

我排队的时候出列去找你了，把排到的位置丢了。

不合适地，不恰当地，不妥地

I hope my comments yesterday were not out of line.

我希望我昨天说的话没有不妥之处。


crescendo

crescendos (plural)
crescendi (plural)
crescendoes (plural)

/kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/

/kɹəˈʃɛn.dəʊ/

逐渐达到高潮，逐渐白热化

Their fighting rose in a fearsome crescendo.

可怕的是他们的打斗越来越激烈。

（逐渐增强后的）高潮，顶点

Their arguing rose to a fearsome crescendo.

他们的争论达到了可怕的顶点。

With the Stoke supporters jeering Ziv's every subsequent touch, the pantomime atmosphere created by the home crowd reached a crescendo when Ziv was shown a straight red shortly after the break in extraordinary circumstances.

2011年October20日, Michael da Silva, “Stoke 3 - 0 Macc Tel-Aviv”, 出自 BBC Sport:


crescendo

/kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/

/kɹəˈʃɛn.dəʊ/

The band crescendoed and then suddenly went silent.

乐队一开始渐强，然后突然安静下来。


crescendo

/kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/

/kɹəˈʃɛn.dəʊ/


standard

more standard (comparative)
most standard (superlative)


slump

可能源自，对比丹麥語 slumpe (“碰巧遇到”)、挪威語 slumpe (“碰巧发生”)、瑞典語 slumpa (“变卖”)。亦对比德語 schlumpen (“跟踪；拖湿；马虎”)。

Exhausted, he slumped down onto the sofa.

筋疲力竭的他重重地瘫倒在沙发上。

Real estate prices slumped during the recession.

经济萧条期间地产价格锐减。

The Gunners captain demonstrated his importance to the team by taking his tally to an outstanding 28 goals in 27 Premier League games as Chelsea slumped again after their shock defeat at QPR last week.

2011年October29日, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 3-5 Arsenal”, 出自 BBC Sport:


slump

（无精打采的）瘫倒；无精打采的样子；（活动、成就等长期的）低谷，萧条期 倦怠期，萎靡期（指没有性生活、约会等）

TOM. We haven't had sex with each other in five months.

2004, Jonathan Tolins, The Last Sunday in June

（物体落入洞中或泥泞处的）落下声

一种酥皮水果馅饼，类似cobbler

a blackberry slump


sod

源自中古英語 sod、sodde 首次記錄於15世纪中叶，源自中古荷蘭語 zoden (“草皮”)或中古低地德語 sôde、soede (“草皮”)，两者与荷蘭語 zode (“草皮”)、德語 Sode (“草皮”)、古弗里斯蘭語 sātha (“草皮”)有关。上述词最终词源不详。

She there shall dress a sweeter sod / Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.

1746, William Collins, Ode written in the year 1746:

The landscapers rolled sod onto the bare earth and made a presentable lawn by nightfall.

园林设计师在光地上把草皮铺开来，天黑之前就做好了一个能展示的草地。

In Walachia, green sods are laid on the window-sills and on the lintels of the doors to avert the uncanny crew [i.e. witches].

1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, 第 2 卷，第 338 頁:


sod

He sodded the worn areas twice a year.


sod

The Empire, in particular, was always thick with sods: they strolled side-by-side with the gay girls of the promenade, or stood, in little knots, exchanging gossip, comparing fortunes, greeting one another with flapping hands and high, extravagant voices.

1998, Sarah Waters, Tipping the Velvet, Virago (2018)，第 207 頁:

家伙 （多用形容词修饰）

You mean old sod!

poor sod

unlucky sod

You silly sod

I don’t care a sod.


sod

肏，妈的 （表达震惊、发怒、无聊、懊恼）


sod

Sod him!, Sod it!, Sod that bastard!

他那个混蛋！，我肏！，让那个杂种去死！


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。

seethe 的簡單過去時


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。

more sod (comparative)
most sod (superlative)

Beer, if it be over-new, or over-stale, over-strong, or not sod,[…]is most unwholesome, frets, and galls, etc.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, New York, 2001, p.223:

sod damper


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。

And Mart the cook the shovel took / And swung the damper to and fro. / 'Another sod, so help me God, / That's fourteen in a flamin' row.

1954, Tom Ronan, Vision Splendid; quoted in Tom Burton, Words in Your Ear, Wakefield Press, 1999, →ISBN，第 120 頁:


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。


stalactite

源自新拉丁語 stalactites，源自古希臘語 σταλακτός (stalaktós, “滴”)。

同類詞：stalagmite


stalagmite

源自新拉丁語 stalagmitēs，源自古希臘語 στάλαγμα (stálagma, “滴”)或σταλαγμός (stalagmós, “滴”)。

同類詞：stalactite


standard deviation

由英國數學家卡爾·皮爾遜首次用於其著作《On the dissection of asymmetrical frequency curves》。


veneer

源自德語 Furnier，源自furnieren (“覆盖”)，源自法語 fournir (“布置；达成”)，源自中古法語 fornir，源自古法語 fornir、furnir (“布置”)，源自早期古法蘭克語 frumjan (“提供”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *frumjaną (“使...更进一步”)。同源词有古高地德語 frumjan、frummen (“达成，执行，提供”)、古英語 fremian (“执行”)。详见furnish。

（覆盖在粗糙材质上的装饰性质的）精制薄层

Compartment and corridor partitions are of blockboard, with appropriate decorative veneers to suit the varied interior decoration.

1951 May, “British Railways Standard Coaches”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 327-328 頁s:

A very neat old woman, still in her good outdoor coat and best beehive hat, was sitting at a polished mahogany table on whose surface there were several scored scratches so deep that a triangular piece of the veneer had come cleanly away, […].

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, 出自 The China Governess:

（掩饰内心想法或本性的）表面，伪装

“Yalda,” Dabashi says, “has managed to survive the centuries because it has been gently recodified with a Muslim veneer.”

2014年December5日, “Joy From the World”, 出自 The New York Times Magazine, retrieved 2014-12-06:


veneer

to veneer a piece of furniture with mahogany

The stateroom walls are veneered with finely figured English chestnut with the skirting and mouldings in English walnut.

1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 36 頁:


wall

:< 中古英語 wallen < 古英語 weallian （“泡，煮”） < 原始日耳曼语 *wallōnan、*wellōnan （“烧开，流”） < 原始印欧语 *welǝn-、*welǝm- （“波”）。 同源词有：中古荷蘭語 wallen （“煮，泡”）、荷蘭語 wellen （“焊”）、德語 wellen （“使起浪”）、丹麥語 vælde （“充溢”）、瑞典語 välla （“涌”）。 另见 well。


wall

:< 中古英語 walle < 古英語 *weall （“泉”） < 原始日耳曼语 *wallô、*wallaz （“井，泉”）。 同源词有：古弗里斯蘭語 walla （“泉”）、古英語 wiell （“井”）。


wall

:< 中古英語 < 古英語 weall （“墙，堤，垒，崖，坝”） < 原始日耳曼语 *wallaz、*wallan （“墙，壕”） < 拉丁語 vallum （“墙，壕，栅”） < 原始印欧语 *wel- （“转，卷”）。 同源词有：北弗里斯蘭語 wal （“墙”）、荷蘭語 wal （“墙，堤，垒”）、德語 Wall （“堤，堆，垒”）、瑞典語 vall （“丘，墙，岸”）。 另见 wallow、walk。

（身体器官或动植物细胞等的）外壁


Weber

源自德语的德语职业名称姓氏，源自Weber (“织布工”)。


Baku

源自俄語 Баку́ (Bakú)，源自阿塞拜疆語 Bakı。关于词源更多内容，见 Baku#Etymology在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ᵉⁿ

巴庫（首都名，位於阿塞拜疆）


y

英语第25个字母，位于x之后，z之前。大写Y。


madam

源自中古英語 madame，源自古法語 madame，源自ma (“我的”) + dame (“贵妇；夫人”)，源自晚期古典拉丁語 mea domina。Madonna 的同源對似詞。

同類詞：sir、gentleman

Mrs Grey wondered if the outfit she was trying on made her look fat. The sales assistant just said, “It suits you, madam”.

Grey夫人想知道她试的那件衣服是不是显胖。店员就说：“很合适您，夫人。”

Later, Mrs Grey was sitting in her favourite tea shop. “Would madam like the usual cream cakes and patisserie with her tea?” the waitress asked.

之后Grey夫人坐在她最爱去的茶店。“夫人，您想要常点的奶油蛋糕和法式蛋糕来配您的茶吗？”店员问道。

“Nothing, madam, but a tumbler of wine with a little water—thank you, madam. Mesdames, great events have occurred since I left you.”

1857, Charles Reade, White Lies. A Story., 第 I 卷, London: Trübner & Co., […]，第 276 頁:

I leaned on the hoe, in classic pose, and watched the cowbird try to bust his buttons in that agonizing split whistle which is his serenade to the madam. Perhaps I should say to the mesdames, for this fellow is the Don Juan of the feathered world, with no moral standards and a distinct aversion to anything that resembles domestic ties.

1951 April, John H. Day, “The Breath of April”, 出自 Pennsylvania Game News, 第 XXII 卷, 第 1 期, Pennsylvania Game Commission，第 27 頁，第 1 列:

“[…] This size, madam!” Certainly, the mesdames would not have been interested.

After two years, Madam X was busy enough to take on a partner: Madam Z, aged twenty. Both regularly scouted new marks and told Stead that ‘nurse girls’ (nannies) were the best: ‘there are any number in [the parks] every morning and all are virgins’. Selling maidenhoods was their speciality. ‘Our gentlemen want maids,’ they said, ‘not damaged articles.’ ‘Come,’ he said to the mesdames, ‘what do you say to delivering me five [girls] on Saturday next? . . . Could you deliver me a parcel of maids, for me to distribute among my friends?’ Within a fortnight, the Mesdames had supplied Stead with seven girls between the ages of fourteen and eighteen.

2012, Bridget O’Donnell, Inspector Minahan Makes a Stand: The Missing Girls of England, Picador, →ISBN:

Selina kept pushing and shoving during musical chairs. The nursery school teacher said she was a bad-tempered little madam.

同類詞：(多称呼男性) pimp、brothel-keeper

After she grew too old to work as a prostitute, she became a madam.


madam

Don’t madam me, — I can’t bear none of your lip service. I’m a plain-spoken woman, that’s what I am, and I like other people’s tongues to be as plain as mine.

He bowed to me, he madamed me, he was throughout as gentlemanlike and respectful as I had ever found him when we met at Old Harbour House or in Old Harbour Town.

1905, William Clark Russell, The Yarn of Old Harbour Town，第 208 頁:

"I don't care," she said. "They'll be dead in a few minutes if you'll just do your job. Stop madaming me and get to work."

1988, Gahan Wilson, Eddy Deco's Last Caper，第 123 頁:


bingo

bing的另一种形式，意为振铃声（1925）。

一种供两个以上玩家一起玩的运气游戏。


bingo

bing的另一种形式，意为振铃声（1925）。

bingo的玩家用来欢呼胜利。

寻找或回忆很久的东西终于找到时使用。

相似的用法，用来表示意外或得意。


spittle

源自方言spattle（与spit (noun)有关）源自古英語 spātl，后者与spǣtan有关（源自spit (verb)）。


Anschluss

源自德語 Anschluss (“合并，兼并”)（曾作Anschluß），源自anschließen (“加入，联合”)。

合并，兼并，尤指德奥合并 （奥地利在1938年并入纳粹德国的历史事件） （自20世纪20年代）

‘Some of us students protested against the Anschluss.’

1941, W Somerset Maugham, Up at the Villa, Vintage 2004, page 44:

Anton Kuh […] was one of the Viennese coffee-house wits whose mastery of the brief critical essay reached its apotheosis in the last nervous years before the Anschluss.


som

#乌兹别克货币
#吉尔吉斯斯坦货币


dose

（药物）剂量、一剂、一服


Adam

:< 拉丁語 Adam、Adamus < 古希臘語 Ἀδάμ (Adam)、Ἄδαμος (Adamos) < 聖經希伯來語 אָדָם (adam)（“地；人；土；浅棕色”） < אדמה (adamah)（“地”）。

基督教《圣经》和伊斯兰教《古兰经》中的“人类始祖”


Ainu

源自日語 アイヌ (“阿依努”)，源自阿伊努語 アィヌ (aynu, “人”)。


Ainu

阿伊努的，阿伊努人的，阿伊努语的


Algerian

more Algerian (comparative)
most Algerian (superlative)

阿尔及利亚的，关于阿尔及利亚的；阿尔及利亚人的，关于阿尔及利亚人的


Aston

源自英格兰伯明翰的一个地区，古称 Estone 。


Atchison

艾奇逊：
艾奇逊 (堪萨斯州)，城市名。


caballero

caballeros (plural)
caballeroes (plural)

（尤指拉丁美洲的）骑手，骑马人

Here we usually find the caballero aiming his pistol in one direction while pointing his reined-in steed in another, as if ready to wheel and dash to safety.

2007年January26日, Roberta Smith, “Outside In”, 出自 New York Times:


caber

源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 cabar (“圆材”)。

（苏格兰传统高地运动会中用来投掷的） 长木柱


cacodyl

古希臘語 κακώδης (kakṓdēs, “恶臭气味”)

二甲基胂基，二甲胂基（(CH₃)₂As-）


cacophonous

源自古希臘語 κακός (kakós, “坏的”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “嗓音”)。

more cacophonous (comparative)
most cacophonous (superlative)

[…] Huple had rescued them just in time by seizing the controls back from Dobbs and leveling the ship out almost as suddenly right back in the middle of the buffeting layer of cacophonous flak from which they had escaped successfully only a moment before.

1961年November10日, Joseph Heller, “The Texan”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，第 46 頁:

The good thing about this job is that it gives me time and space to contemplate the future at my leisure, whilst the city sleeps, free from the cacophonous curiosity of the hoi polloi.

1993, Mike Leigh, Naked, 角色 Brian（Peter Wight）:

The first time I saw the NYC quartet [Sonic Youth] was in 1983 for their Confusion Is Sex album, when they filled The Venue in Victoria, London with a cacophonous maelstrom of mangled sounds that still reverberates, more than two decades on.

2006, Everett True, Nirvana: The Biography, Da Capo Press, 出版於 2007, →ISBN，第 58 頁:

[…] and the cacophonous clatter of pots and pans accompanied the vociferous complaints of the ship's cook.

2011, Fern Michaels, To Taste the Wine, Kensington Books, 出版於 2011, →ISBN，第 153 頁:

A colony of pelicans can be cacophonous.

2012, Michael D. Breed & Janice Moore, Animal Behavior, Academic Press (2012), ISBN 9780123725813, page 199 (image caption):


cacophony

源自法語 cacophonie，源自古希臘語 κακοφωνία (kakophōnía)，源自κακός (kakós, “坏的”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “声音”)。

Not more unutterable could have been the chaos of hellish sound if the pit itself had opened to release the agony of the damned, for in one inconceivable cacophony was centered all the supernal terror and unnatural despair of animate nature.

1921-1922, H. P. Lovecraft, Herbert West: Reanimator,

A blistering start from the Scots served to steady the ship amid a cacophony that defied the quarter-full national stadium.

2021年June14日, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, 出自 BBC Sport:


cadet

借自法語 cadet，源自加斯科涅语 capdet，源自晚期拉丁語 capitellum (“小头”)。1634年起在英语内可考。
caddy、caudillo、 和 capitellum 的同源對似詞。

a cadet branch of the family

招妓者 （让少女堕落诱其进入妓院的人）


cafard

That's the worst trouble with the soldiers in the trenches — nothing to do. It gives them the cafards, the black butterflies, the blue devils, the jimjams, the hump.

1918, Elizabeth Frazer, Old Glory and Verdun (page 169)

At such times when the cafard of the city seized her, I was at my wits' end to devise a means of rousing her.


charitable

more charitable (comparative)
most charitable (superlative)

St. Martin [of Tours] looks round, first, deliberately;—becomes aware of a tatterdemalion and thirsty-looking soul of a beggar at his chair side, who has managed to get his cup filled somehow, also—by a charitable lacquey. St. Martin turns his back on the Empress, and hobnobs with him!

1884, John Ruskin, “By the Rivers of Waters”, 出自 “Our Fathers Have Told Us.”: Sketches of the History of Christendom for Boys and Girls who have been Held at Its Fonts, part I (The Bible of Amiens), Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC，第 30–31 頁s:

Pakistan can sometimes be a cruel environment, its residents caught between the dual pressures of poverty and violence. Yet it is also a place of great kindness, with a strong culture of charitable giving.

2017年April6日, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, 出自 the Guardian:


chasm

源自拉丁語 chasma，源自古希臘語 χάσμα (khásma, “深渊，裂口”)。

But always and ever there is a yawning chasm below[.]

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, 出自 Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，第 1 頁:

Chelsea may not have regarded themselves as title rivals to City over the whole season but this was a harrowing illustration of the current chasm between the two sides and made for disturbing viewing for the Italian.

2019年February10日, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 6-0 Chelsea”, 出自 BBC Sport:


cheat

escheat （“歸屬土地於領主”） 的詞首音脫落形式，源自古法語 escheoit——eschoir （“落”）的過去分詞。源自通俗拉丁語 *excadō，源自拉丁語 ex + cadō （“落，跌”）。

（to ~ on sb.）（瞞著配偶、男女朋友）出軌，紅杏出牆


camion

There were small gray motor cars that passed going very fast; usually there was an officer on the seat with the driver and more officers in the back seat. They splashed more mud than the camions even […]
#*::那里有很多开得很快的小型灰色机动车，副驾驶座上经常坐着一名军官，而后座上坐着更多军官。他们溅起的泥比那些军用卡车还多 […]

1929, en:Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, Folio Society 2008, p. 12:


camouflage

借自法語 camouflage，源自camoufler (“掩盖，伪装”)，（因camouflet (“扑到脸上的烟”)）变换自意大利語 camuffare (“裹住头”)，源自ca-（源自意大利語 capo (“头”)）+ muffare (“蒙住，裹住”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 muffula, muffla (“暖手筒”)。该中世纪拉丁语词亦派生出英語 muffle。其源自古法蘭克語 *molfell (“皮制软衣物”)，源自*mol (“软化的，穿旧的”)（与古高地德語 molawēn (“软化”)、中古高地德語 molwic (“软的”)同源）+ *fell (“皮”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“皮，羊毛”)；或者，另一词源理论追溯回古法蘭克語 *muffël (“暖手筒，包裹物”)，其为由*mauwa (“袖子，包裹物”)←原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“袖子”) + *fell (“皮”)←原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“皮，羊毛”)构成的复合词。

/ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/

保护色，保护图案，保护形状

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close[…]above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.

2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 3 期，第 206-7 頁s:


camouflage

/ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/

THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF WORLD RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES. Edited by P. Ransome-Wallis. Hutchinson. 50s.
A gaudy jacket, remarkably out of keeping with the contents, camouflages the weightiest and meatiest work on a railway topic since the war.

1960 January, “New reading on railways”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 26 頁:

Elegant brick and stone buildings, with iron and glass canopies and decorative wooden scalloping and fencing—all evidencing care on the part of the architect to produce a pleasing, well-planned building—were submerged beneath a profusion of ill-conceived additions and camouflaged by vulgar paint schemes; and the original conception was lost.

1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 250-251 頁s:


canary

:出自拉丁语 canis ("狗")。另见 canine (英语和法语, "犬齿") 和 canō (拉丁语, "我唱歌", 其强调形式为 cantō) 。
该词与地处西非的一座“狗岛”(Canary Islands)有关。传说西班牙征服者登岛时曾遭到大群狗狗围攻，于是他们将这座岛命名为“狗岛”。该岛也是金丝雀最早的主要栖居地。

狗岛所产的一种葡萄酒。这种酒的口味淡雅，呈白色，有甜味。

(颜色) 鲜黄色，金丝雀色。


cancan

They formed up, in perfect silence, in two lines, facing each other between us and the fire, and then the dance - a sort of infernal and fiendish cancan - began.

列隊上時，嚴靜無聲，雙行相對而立，已而作髑髏舞，陰風颯然。（林紓）
他們在完全沉默的情況下排成兩排，在我們和火之間面對面，然後舞蹈——一種地獄、惡魔般的康康舞——開始了。

1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure: